Academic literature on the topic 'Aggressive episodes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aggressive episodes"
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Bjørkly, Stål. "Report Form for Aggressive Episodes: Preliminary Report." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3_suppl (December 1996): 1139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1139.
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This paper gives a description of the development and initial empirical testing of the Report Form for Aggressive Episodes, a behavioural rating scale used to measure displayed aggressive behaviour and the situational determinant(s) according to a list of 30 potential precipitants to aggression. Findings from a one-year study in a special secure unit for the long-term treatment of dangerous patients show very high rates of underreporting of aggressive episodes in ward journals and patient files compared to this scale. Illustrations of the clinical use of the scale are provided by scoring examples and two case vignettes.
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Mellesdal, Liv. "Aggression on a Psychiatric Acute Ward: A Three-Year Prospective Study." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1229.
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The objectives of this 3-yr. prospective study of aggression on a Norwegian psychiatric acute ward serving a population of 170,000 were to monitor the rate and characteristics of aggressive behaviour, to identify possible interactional and situational precipitants to aggression, and to explore possible differences between aggressive and nonaggressive patients in terms of diagnosis, sex, age, numbers of admissions, admission type, and length of stay. Aggressive incidents were recorded on the Report Form for Aggressive Episodes (REFA). Severity of injuries was scored according to Fottrell's severity scale. Of the total 934 patients admitted, 98 (10.5%) accounted for a total of 981 aggressive episodes. About 55% of the aggressive incidents were assaults that resulted in 85 minor and 21 severe physical injuries. There was no evidence that diagnosis might be used to predict aggression in the clinical setting. Mean rate of admission per patient and length of stay was significantly higher in the aggressive group than in the nonaggressive group. However, several patients in the aggressive group also had admissions without being aggressive. About 13% of the aggressive patients accounted for nearly 50% of the aggressive incidents. There was no significant sex difference by total rate of aggression, but female patients tended to have higher rates of assaults and contributed to significantly more injuries than male patients. Nearly 20% of the aggressive episodes occurred during the first 24 hours of a stay and 54% during the first week. Limit setting, problems in communication, and physical contact, separately or in combinations, preceded nearly 90% of the aggressive episodes.
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Muncer, Steven J., Bernard Gorman, and Anne Campbell. "Sorting out aggression: Dimensional and categorical perceptions of aggressive episodes." Aggressive Behavior 12, no. 5 (1986): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<327::aid-ab2480120503>3.0.co;2-j.
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Testa, Maria, Brian M. Quigley, and Kenneth E. Leonard. "Does Alcohol Make a Difference?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 7 (July 2003): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260503253232.
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Episodes of husband-to-wife violence in which the husband consumed alcohol were compared with episodes of husband-to-wife violence, reported by the same individuals, in which the husband was not drinking. Among this community sample of newly-weds, wife reports, but not husband reports, indicated that violent episodes in which the husband was drinking included more acts of violence and were more likely to involve severe violence. Both wife and husband reports indicated that wives were more likely to be physically aggressive in husband drinking episodes compared to sober episodes. However, whereas wives reported that their aggressive behavior was a response to husband aggression, husbands reported that wives were more likely to initiate violence in these episodes. Violent episodes that include alcohol may be more severe and more mutually violent than sober episodes. Discrepancies between husband and wife reports may reflect differences in recall or self-serving biases.
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Aparicio Reinoso, T., and S. Gonzalez Parra. "Predictors of aggressive behavior among acute psychiatric patients: 5 years clinical study." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S626—S627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2350.
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IntroductionThe problem of violence and aggressive behaviour among patients with psychiatric disorders need careful assessment to improve the quality of psychiatric care.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of repeated episodes of violence among patients admitted to a Psychiatric Ward, which is a total of 66 beds at Doctor Rodriguez Lafora Hospital from January 2009 to December 2014.MethodsWe designed a retrospective, longitudinal and observational study over a 5-year period in two brief hospitalization units of Doctor Rodriguez Lafora Hospital in Madrid. The main variables studied were: type of admission, diagnosis, age, trigger and shift.ResultsIn our study, we analyzed the prototypical person who carries out these episodes of aggression: a male between 31–40 years, diagnosed with psychotic disorder or personality disorder, involuntary admitted. This episode is associated as a main trigger to mood disturbances, lack of acceptance of standards and psychotic symptoms. These episodes occur more frequently in the afternoon shift one business day and often processed without injuries or minor bruises to other patients and/or nursing assistants. In our practice, we have observed that in most cases adequate verbal restraint in the beginning is sufficient to prevent the episode of aggression.ConclusionsUnderstand the aggressive factors can influence the production of violent behavior and the use of appropriate containment techniques may be considered a therapeutic option to prevent and address violent behavior in psychiatric patients hospitalized in brief hospitalization units.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Testa, Maria, Laura T. Petrocelli, Cory A. Crane, Audrey Kubiak, and Kenneth E. Leonard. "A Qualitative Analysis of Physically Aggressive Conflict Episodes Among a Community Sample." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 21-22 (June 21, 2017): 4393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517715023.
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Intimate partner aggression among community couples has been conceptualized as representing an occasional, situationally provoked response to a conflict. Yet, relatively few studies have considered the situational factors that contribute to the occurrence of an aggressive episode. The present study used thematic analysis to understand how episodes of physical aggression come about from the participant’s perspective. We examined narrative descriptions of relationship conflicts that included physical aggression to gain insight into the types of aggressive incidents experienced, the reasons and motives behind the aggression, and the meaning of these events. Married and cohabiting couples (ages 18-45 at baseline) were recruited from the community to participate in a longitudinal study of relationships. Heavy drinking couples were oversampled. At Wave 3, participants were asked to describe the most severe conflict they had experienced over the past year and to answer questions about severity and impact. Narratives that described use of partner physical aggression by one or both partners were subject to thematic analysis. Using narratives provided by 27 male and 29 female respondents (representing 51 different couples), we identified three primary motives or reasons for aggression: Expressive, Instrumental, and Punishment. Narratives suggested as a primary theme that participants view partner violence as unusual, undesirable, and hence, meaningful. This was particularly true for male-to-female violence, which appeared objectively and subjectively different from female-to-male violence. Findings provide unique insight into the function and meaning of partner violence, including its gendered nature, within a community sample. Implications for measurement of partner aggression are also discussed.
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van Elst, L. T. "Dual Brain Pathology in Patients With Affective Aggressive Episodes." Archives of General Psychiatry 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.58.12.1187.
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Bambauer, Kara Zivin, and Daniel F. Connor. "Characteristics of Aggression in Clinically Referred Children." CNS Spectrums 10, no. 9 (September 2005): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900019702.
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AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the phenomenology of aggression in a group of psychiatrically referred children and in a comparison group of children.IntroductionChildren (N=275) were evaluated at a pediatric psychopharmacology clinic in an academic medical center and compared with 100 non-referred children from the community. To assess the influence of several predictors on the child's level of clinical impairment we conducted stepwise regression analyses.ResultsAggression occurred across many different psychiatric diagnoses in psychiatrically referred children. Aggression in referred children was more frequent, physical, intense, lasted for a longer duration per episode, was more resistant to intervention, and occurred at an earlier age of onset in contrast with comparison children. Controlling for psychiatric diagnosis and demographic variables, family income and number of aggressive episodes in the last 6 months were the only significant predictors of child impairment.DiscussionPhenomenologically, aggression may be more maladaptive in children with a psychiatric disorder compared with non-referred youths. These phenomenological differences in characteristics of aggression support the concept of an aggressive syndrome in psychiatrically referred children.ConclusionResults support the need for development of specific treatment interventions for excessive maladaptive aggression independent of psychiatric diagnosis in referred children and adolescents.
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Creaby, Mary, Mary Warner, Nahla Jamil, and Sudad Jawad. "Ictal aggression in severely mentally handicapped people." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 1993): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700013227.
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AbstractObjective: To study the relationship between epilepsy and aggression in a population of severely mentally handicapped people. Methods: Comparing epilepsy and aggression variables in people with epilepsy without aggression, people with aggression without epilepsy, and people with both. The epilepsy variables were: seizure frequency, classification, anticonvulsant drugs, therapeutic drug monitoring, and neuroleptic drugs. Aggression variables were: frequency, direction, type, and neuroleptic drugs. Results: Prevalence of aggressive behaviour was similar in people with and without epilepsy (36%). Partial seizures were less prevalent in people with epilepsy and aggression. People with epilepsy were more likely to manifest unprovoked aggression directed against property. Conclusion: Some episodes of aggressive behaviour in people with epilepsy may be ictal in origin.
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Craft, M., I. A. Ismail, D. Krishnamurti, J. Mathews, A. Regan, R. V. Seth, and P. M. North. "Lithium in the Treatment of Aggression in Mentally Handicapped Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 5 (May 1987): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.5.685.
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In a double-blind trial lasting 4 months in 42 mentally handicapped patients, the effect of lithium on aggression was assessed in comparison with placebo. In the lithium-treated group, 73% of patients showed a reduction in aggression during treatment. There were significant differences in mean weekly aggression scores and in the frequency of aggressive episodes between the lithium and placebo groups. Side-effects were noted in 36% of the lithium group (and 20% of the placebo group), but were mainly transitory. There were no episodes of toxicity, and no patients had to be withdrawn from the trial. Lithium appears to be worth a 2-month trial in such patients, where repeated aggression has not been relieved by more appropriate placement, occupation or company.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aggressive episodes"
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Gaitan, Alfredo. "Aggressive interaction understood through discourse : episodes, accounts and narratives." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330220.
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Cunningham, Daniel Morton. "The impact of aggressive case management service in reducing the frequencies of acute episodes of the chronically mentally ill." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1287.
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Buades-Rotger, Macià [Verfasser]. "Understanding aggression episodes : novel experimental approaches / Macià Buades-Rotger." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166995054/34.
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Kalantari, Narges. "Changements développementaux dans la survenue d'épisodes de somnambulisme chez les patients somnambules adultes." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25498.
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Loin d'être bénins, les épisodes somnambuliques peuvent être fréquents et/ou graves et comporter un risque élevé de blessures. Une amnésie rétrograde variable peut également accompagner les épisodes. Ce mémoire a examiné l'évolution des épisodes de somnambulisme a trois différentes phases de la vie, un sujet qui reste peu étudié. Des somnambules adultes ayant reçu un diagnostic de somnambulisme primaire, et qui ont été somnambules dès leur enfance (n = 113), ont été évalués pour la fréquence de leurs épisodes, le rappel des contenus mentaux liés à leurs épisodes et l’occurrence d’épisodes agressifs pendant l'enfance, l'adolescence et l'âge adulte. Également, les somnambules qui font des terreurs nocturnes (une parasomnie de sommeil lent souvent observés chez les somnambules) depuis leur enfance (n = 52) ont été évalués pour les changements développementaux dans leurs terreurs nocturnes. Les résultats démontrent que les épisodes de somnambulisme sont demeurés stables pendant l'enfance et l'adolescence de nos somnambules, mais ont augmenté à l'âge adulte. Une tendance opposée a été observée quant à la fréquence des terreurs nocturnes. Le rappel des contenus mentaux associé au somnambulisme et les épisodes agressifs ont augmenté progressivement de l’enfance à l’âge adulte. En contrepartie, le rappel des contenus mentaux associé aux terreurs nocturnes est demeuré stable. De plus, une fréquence plus élevée d'épisodes de somnambulisme agressif c’est avérée un prédicteur d’une fréquence plus élevée d’un rappel de contenu mental lié au somnambulisme. Ces résultats sont comparables entre les hommes et les femmes. Dans l’ensemble, cette recherche démontre que chez les somnambules chroniques, le contenu mental associé aux épisodes somnambuliques augmente et que la fréquence et la sévérité des épisodes s'aggravent entre l’enfance et l’âge adulte.Far from being benign, somnambulistic episodes can be frequent and/or severe and with high risk of injury. Episodes may also be accompanied by sleep mentation with variable degrees of retrograde amnesia. The present thesis investigated how somnambulistic episodes unfold over time, a topic that remains understudied. Adult sleepwalkers with a diagnosis of primary somnambulism and a childhood onset of the disorder (n = 113) were assessed for changes in frequency of their episodes, recall of episode-related sleep mentation and aggressive episodes during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Additionally, sleepwalkers (n= 52) with childhood- onset of sleep terrors (a NREM parasomnia commonly experienced by sleepwalkers) were assessed for developmental changes in sleep terror frequency. The frequency of somnambulistic episodes remained unchanged during childhood and adolescence before increasing into adulthood. An opposite trend was observed for the frequency of sleep terrors. The frequency of aggressive somnambulistic episodes and of sleep mentation associated with somnambulism increased from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. By contrast, the recall of sleep mentation associated with sleep terrors did not change over time. Additionally, a higher frequency of aggressive somnambulistic episodes predicted a higher frequency of sleep mentation associated with somnambulism. These findings were similar between men and women. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that in chronic sleepwalkers, sleep mentation associated with somnambulistic episodes increases with age while episodes worsen in frequency and severity from childhood to adulthood.
Books on the topic "Aggressive episodes"
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Quain, Angela, and Anne M. Comi. Sturge-Weber Syndrome and Related Cerebrovascular Malformation Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0112.
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Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare disorder presenting with a capillary malformation, better known as a port-wine birthmark, on the upper face, glaucoma, and a leptomeningeal angioma. Most children develop seizures and strokes, with variable degrees of neurodevelopmental impairments including hemiparesis, visual field deficits, cognitive deficits, epilepsy, and migraines. In 2013, a somatic activating mutation in GNAQ was identified in the capillary malformations and leptomeningeal angiomas of Sturge-Weber patients. In the diagnosis of Sturge-Weber syndrome, contrast-enhanced imaging is essential to the diagnosis of brain involvement. Functional imaging has demonstrated impaired venous drainage and a role for seizures in exacerbating perfusion deficits. Aggressive seizure management is fundamental to treatment. Some data supports the use of low-dose aspirin to reduce the occurrence of strokelike episodes and seizures.
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Coie, John D. The role of aggression in peer relations: An analysis of aggression episodes in boys' play groups. 1991.
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Trestman, Robert L. Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0048.
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Managing aggression is a challenge for psychiatry in all settings. Recognizing opportunities for appropriate assessment and intervention in correctional settings is an important component of correctional psychiatry. Studies reflect significant risks of violence for both correctional officers and inmates. Although prison homicides occur at rates below estimated community homicide rates, the rate of non-lethal violence is substantial. The data for assault are less clear, as definitions of what constitutes assault vary. Inmate-on-inmate assault has been estimated to range from 2 per 1000 inmates to as high as 200 per 1000 inmates. However assault is defined, correctional officers who have been the target of offender violence have elevated risk of emotional exhaustion and burnout. Effectively addressing aggression requires a thoughtful and comprehensive approach that may incorporate elements of environmental management, evaluation of potential motivating factors, differential diagnosis, and a coordinated intervention. This always involves includes effective communication among stakeholders including the patient. Recommended milieu changes and psychotherapeutic and / or pharmacologic interventions need to be explicitly defined; available data are described in this chapter. Consistent oversight and follow up to measure the effects of each component of the intervention(s) is critical, as aggressive behavior may be both habitual and episodic. This chapter reviews the factors that contribute to the broad range of assaultive behavior observed in correctional settings, and some of the pragmatic issues and opportunities for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of aggressive behaviors, both impulsive and predatory.
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Trestman, Robert L. Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0048_update_001.
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Managing aggression is a challenge for psychiatry in all settings. Recognizing opportunities for appropriate assessment and intervention in correctional settings is an important component of correctional psychiatry. Studies reflect significant risks of violence for both correctional officers and inmates. Although prison homicides occur at rates below estimated community homicide rates, the rate of non-lethal violence is substantial. The data for assault are less clear, as definitions of what constitutes assault vary. Inmate-on-inmate assault has been estimated to range from 2 per 1000 inmates to as high as 200 per 1000 inmates. However assault is defined, correctional officers who have been the target of offender violence have elevated risk of emotional exhaustion and burnout. Effectively addressing aggression requires a thoughtful and comprehensive approach that may incorporate elements of environmental management, evaluation of potential motivating factors, differential diagnosis, and a coordinated intervention. This always involves includes effective communication among stakeholders including the patient. Recommended milieu changes and psychotherapeutic and / or pharmacologic interventions need to be explicitly defined; available data are described in this chapter. Consistent oversight and follow up to measure the effects of each component of the intervention(s) is critical, as aggressive behavior may be both habitual and episodic. This chapter reviews the factors that contribute to the broad range of assaultive behavior observed in correctional settings, and some of the pragmatic issues and opportunities for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of aggressive behaviors, both impulsive and predatory.
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Cavanna, Andrea E. Lamotrigine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.003.0007.
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Lamotrigine is a second-generation antiepileptic drug characterized by a wide range of antiepileptic indications, with an acceptable interaction profile in polytherapy. It has a good behavioural tolerability profile and a wide range of psychiatric uses. In patients with epilepsy, lamotrigine has shown antidepressant properties, as well as mixed effects on anxiety symptoms. Adverse behavioural effects (irritability, agitation, and aggression) are not very common and are usually observed in patients with learning disability. Lamotrigine has a licensed indication for the prevention of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder (a widespread use of this antiepileptic drug), whereas it is not indicated for manic phases.
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Cavanna, Andrea E. Levetiracetam, piracetam, and brivaracetam. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.003.0008.
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Levetiracetam is a third-generation antiepileptic drug characterized by a wide range of antiepileptic indications, with a very good interaction profile in polytherapy. Levetiracetam has an acceptable behavioural tolerability profile, but limited potential for psychiatric uses. Behavioural adverse events (irritability and emotional lability) are often reported by patients with epilepsy taking levetiracetam; psychotic symptoms and episodes of severe aggression have occasionally been reported. Initial reports suggesting a possible role for levetiracetam in the treatment of bipolar depression and anxiety disorders have not been confirmed by the findings of controlled trials. Two other pyrrolidone derivatives chemically related to levetiracetam, the nootropic drug piracetam and the third-generation antiepileptic drug brivaracetam, do not have psychiatric uses.
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Kessler, Ronald C., Emil F. Coccaro, Maurizio Fava, and Katie A. McLaughlin. The Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0053.
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Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of impulsive, uncontrollable aggression out of proportion to the severity of provoking agents. Few epidemiological studies have been carried out on the prevalence and correlates of IED. Data are reported here from the most recent and largest of these studies: the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) and the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. These studies show that IED is a commonly occurring disorder that typically has an early age of onset, a persistent course, and strong comorbidity with a number of other usually secondary mental disorders. This disorder is almost twice as common among men as women. It is often associated with substantial distress and impairment. However, only a minority of people with IED obtain treatment for their uncontrollable anger. This combination of features makes IED an ideal target for early detection and intervention aimed at secondary prevention of anger attacks as well as primary prevention of secondary disorders.
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Ashenhurst, James R., and Kim Fromme. Alcohol Use and Consequences Across Developmental Transitions During College and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0015.
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Alcohol use generally peaks during emerging adulthood, which resides between adolescence and adulthood. For many, this period is also marked by participation in higher education, and college campuses are well-known environments of high-risk drinking. This chapter highlights trajectory groups of heavy episodic drinking and reviews well-studied risk factors for and consequences of alcohol use. Risk factors highlighted include demographics, peer norms, parental awareness and caring, academic motives, personality, and subjective response to alcohol. Those at greatest risk are men, those with greater family wealth, sexual minorities, and Caucasian students. Greater sensation seeking or impulsive personality, low parental awareness, greater stimulation response, and higher peer drinking norms are significant correlates of risky drinking. The consequences of alcohol use examined are aggression, drinking and driving, and alcohol-induced blackouts. The chapter describes findings about special events during which extreme drinking is relatively common: 21st birthdays and football games or other sporting events.
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Diamond, Pamela M. Traumatic brain injury. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0053.
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During the past decade, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a frequent topic in the media. It has been a decade of expanding awareness, increased research, and growing concern about TBI of all severity levels. Consistent with this increased attention, researchers and policymakers have made strides toward greater understanding of the risks of TBI, the scope and complexity of the symptom profiles seen after TBI, and the types of treatments that optimize recovery. Recent studies have confirmed a 50 to 60% prevalence of TBI among prisoners. Most have experienced multiple injuries and experienced their first TBI in their mid-teens. Routine screening for TBI is rarely done in these settings in spite of there being a number of tested instruments available. The cognitive deficits associated with mild to moderate TBI are often indistinguishable from those associated with many mental illnesses and substance abuse. Etiology is difficult to establish; nevertheless, the common symptom patterns often make adjustment to jail or prison difficult. Educational interventions designed to improve staff knowledge of the prevalence of TBI and frequent symptom patterns are important first steps. Training staff how to modify their behavior and facilitate communication with inmates expressing these symptoms may reduce episodes of misunderstanding and potential aggression. Similarly, current programming may be modified to accommodate the cognitive deficits suffered by inmates with TBI as well as other disorders. This chapter reviews the prevalence of TBI in correctional settings, its impact on co-occurring mental illness and substance use, and opportunities to recognize, intervene, and treat patients with TBI.
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Ghalehdar, Payam. The Origins of Overthrow. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695859.001.0001.
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Why has regime change figured so recurrently in US foreign policy? Between 1906 and 2011, the United States forcibly intervened in at least sixteen states, targeting their domestic political authority structure. Accounts thus far in International Relations scholarship fail to provide sound explanations for this pattern. Their premise that the United States seeks national security, economic benefits, or democracy in the target state is put into doubt by studies that demonstrate the limited success of most US regime change interventions. Focusing on the emotional state of US presidents, this book presents a novel explanation for the recurrence of forcible regime change in US foreign policy. It argues that regime change becomes an attractive foreign policy tool to US presidents when emotional frustration grips them. Emotional frustration, the book’s core concept, is an emotional state that comprises hegemonic expectations, perceptions of hatred in target state obstructions, and negative affect. Once instigated, it shapes both presidential preferences and strategies, carrying with it both a desire for removing foreign leaders as the perceived source of frustration and a turn to military aggression. Based on a wealth of declassified government sources, the empirical part of the book illustrates how emotional frustration has time and again shaped US regime change decisions. Spanning two world regions—the Western Hemisphere and the Middle East—and roughly one hundred years of US foreign policy, the book traces the emotional state of US presidents in five regime change episodes—Cuba 1906, Nicaragua 1909–1912, the Dominican Republic 1963–1965, Iran 1979–1980, and Iraq 2001–2003.
Book chapters on the topic "Aggressive episodes"
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Bjørkly, Stål. "The Report Form for Aggressive Episodes (REFA) in the treatment of violent psychotic patients." In Prevention and Control of Aggression and the Impact on its Victims, 95–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6238-9_10.
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Ganz, Leonard. "Electrical storm." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Brian Olshansky, 2275–78. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0538.
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Electrical storm is a condition in which there are recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation or sustained and/or poorly tolerated ventricular tachycardia that occurs within a short period and requires aggressive intervention to prevent imminent mortality and other adverse outcomes. The condition may be related to precipitating factors, such as ischaemia or electrolyte disturbances, or may be part of an underlying cardiac disorder (e.g. cardiomyopathy, ischaemic heart disease, and channelopathies) that, often for uncertain reasons, culminates in recurrent episodes of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Frequently, sympathetic activation plays a role in precipitating episodes. Here, electrical storm is characterized and an approach to management is discussed.
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Ganz, Leonard. "Electrical storm." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Brian Olshansky, 2275–78. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0538_update_001.
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Electrical storm is a condition in which there are recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation or sustained and/or poorly tolerated ventricular tachycardia that occurs within a short period and requires aggressive intervention to prevent imminent mortality and other adverse outcomes. The condition may be related to precipitating factors, such as ischaemia or electrolyte disturbances, or may be part of an underlying cardiac disorder (e.g. cardiomyopathy, ischaemic heart disease, and channelopathies) that, often for uncertain reasons, culminates in recurrent episodes of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Frequently, sympathetic activation plays a role in precipitating episodes. Here, electrical storm is characterized and an approach to management is discussed.
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Winnicott, Donald W. "Roots of Aggression." In The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 129–36. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271398.003.0018.
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In this paper, Winnicott states that the care of babies and children is complicated by destructive episodes that may need management and understanding. Human aggression is seen by Winnicott as innate and as both a normal reaction to frustration and also as evidence of life energy. He also sees a child’s striking out at the external world as inevitable reality testing. He speaks of a child’s dreaming, playing and fantasising as part of the processes of making aggression manageable, and he also highlights constructive urges alongside the destructive side. He points out that love and hate, creating and destroying are part of the same process for a child, and learning how to manage this is part of the child coming to maturity and harnessing these innate aggressive forces to the task of living, loving, playing and (eventually) working.
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Flynn, Maria, and Dave Mercer. "Conflict resolution." In Oxford Handbook of Adult Nursing, edited by Maria Flynn and Dave Mercer, 125–32. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198743477.003.0010.
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Given the nature of nursing work and the stresses of any clinical environment, it is inevitable that conflict situations will emerge in day-to-day practice. Sometimes these can escalate into episodes of verbal or physical abuse, or prompt overt acts of aggressive or violent behaviours. These negatively charged interactions can occur between the service user and the nurse, within the multidisciplinary team, or as some form of dispute in employer/employee relations. The impact of conflict in the arena of care delivery can only ever be detrimental. Knowing how to use effective communication skills in any of these situations, to defuse anger or cope with volatile outbursts, is a valuable resource for adult nurses. This chapter explores individual interventions and organizational responsibilities where the primary aims are to maintain the dignity and safety of the patient and to support members of staff involved in the management of challenging incidents.
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Mendes, Kaitlynn, Jessica Ringrose, and Jessalynn Keller. "Twitter as a Pedagogical Platform." In Digital Feminist Activism, 100–124. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697846.003.0005.
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This chapter shows how feminists are using not only Twitter but a diverse interconnected range of social media platforms to engage in their digital activism. Drawing on a survey of 46 self-defined Twitter feminists, and a subsample of email, Skype, and in-person interviews with 21 of these respondents we explore how participants challenge rape culture and engage in feminist activism creating social media counter-publics. Twitter affords feminists connectivity, speed, immediacy, and global reach to share and debate: important pedagogical processes for raising awareness and visibility around issues such as rape culture. Despite the widely understood benefits of social media, participants recounted challenges of participating in digital activism on Twitter, including instances of hostile anti-feminism and episodes of sexually aggressive trolling. We outline participants’ emergent strategies for coping with technologically mediated misogyny and illuminate the significant role Twitter is playing in activating networked feminism.
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Van Young, Eric. "Texas, Santa Anna, and War." In A Life Together, 569–91. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300233919.003.0020.
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This chapter is devoted primarily to episodes of aggression by foreign powers in which Alamán was somewhat involved by virtue of his connections with the central government. The Texas rebellion took that vast territory out of Mexican control and into independent nationhood for about a dozen years despite Santa Anna’s less-than-effective efforts to suppress the American colonists there. An armed naval incursion by France on the basis of a monetary claim for damages against French businesses committed in Mexico City by Mexican soldiers, an episode known at the Pastry War (1838), saw Alamán involved in arbitration of the conflict. Of vastly greater importance was the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), engineered by U.S. President Polk, which wrested away half the national territory of Mexico; Alamán’s descriptions of the war and its aftermath are deployed, including his own peripheral involvement with damage to his home and relations with American officers.
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Lehmann, Susan W. "Mood Stabilizers." In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309430.003.0026.
Full textAbstract:
The term ‘‘mood stabilizers’’ refers to a heterogeneous group of medications that are effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder, an illness characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and major depression. The list of mood stabilizers includes lithium, several anticonvulsant medications, and atypical antipsychotic medications. For some of these medications, there have been randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating efficacy in reducing the severity and frequency of illness episodes (Kahn et al., 2000). For other medications, the evidence supporting therapeutic use in mood disorders is more anecdotal or preliminary. Late-onset bipolar disorder beginning after 50 years of age is more likely to be associated with comorbid medical or neurologic condition, or their treatments (McDonald, 2000; Depp and Jeste, 2004). A number of medications have been known to precipitate manic episodes. These include antiparkinsonian medications, corticosteroids, anticholinergic agents, and antidepressants. In addition, manic episodes may develop in patients with Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, seizure disorders, dementia, neurosyphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and some poststroke syndromes. The goal of long-term psychiatric management is to minimize affective upheaval and to diminish frequency of mood cycling. Psychotic symptoms are common in bipolar disorder, and severe behavioral disturbances such as physical aggression can occur as well during manic episodes. Depressive episodes are accompanied by a risk of suicide. Given the potential for these severe complications, and the need for continual medication reassessment and adjustment, the long-term pharmacologic and psychologic treatment of bipolar disorder is best managed by a psychiatrist. Lithium, the oldest of the mood-stabilizing medications, is also considered to be the ‘‘gold standard’’ of treatment against which all other potentially mood-stabilizing medications are compared. It is still the treatment of choice for many patients with bipolar disorder, and it has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of manic episodes and for maintenance therapy. At least eight placebo-controlled, randomized trials have shown lithium to have efficacy in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (Goodwin, 2002). Lithium is effective in reducing risk of recurrent episodes of both mania and depression, although studies have suggested greater superiority in reducing risk of manic episodes.
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Bailey, Paul J. "From ‘Coolie’ to Transnational Agent." In Commemorating Race and Empire in the First World War Centenary, 23–38. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786940889.003.0002.
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In April 2010 China Central Television’s international English-language channel (Channel Nine) broadcast a six-episode documentary in its series ‘New Frontiers’ hosted by Ji Xiaojun on the 130,000-plus Chinese workers recruited by the French and British governments during World War One. In portentous tones Ji Xiaojun boldly announced in the first episode that the World War One Chinese workers ‘stood shoulder to shoulder’ with British and French troops to combat German military aggression, and that in the process 20,000 of them were killed. Such a valuable contribution to the Allied victory, Ji continued, was not fully acknowledged by France and Britain until fifty years after the end of the war. Overall, the programme depicted the episode as a shining example of China’s positive and beneficial interaction with the world ...
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Bowman, Alan K. "Egypt in the Graeco–Roman World: from Ptolemaic Kingdom to Roman Province." In Regime Change in the Ancient Near East and Egypt. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263907.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the changes in Egypt in the Graeco-Roman world during the Hellenistic and Roman periods following the death of Alexander the Great. It explains that these periods highlight episodes of military aggression, conquest, and annexation during the struggles of the Successors of Alexander and the Roman takeover of the Hellenistic kingdoms. The analysis of the changes in the role of the elites, the exploitation of the material resources, and the character of the military presence reveal that they are all expressions of the ways in which the coming of Roman rule brought change to Egypt and their effect was cumulative and which had begun before Egypt was annexed and made into a Roman province.
Conference papers on the topic "Aggressive episodes"
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Iden, Michael E., and Thomas Kennedy. "New Locomotives & Technologies: Reducing Operating & Market Failures Through Aggressive Use of Reliability Growth Testing (RGT)." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58360.
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Abstract Because of increasing interest and ongoing demand for reducing locomotive emissions, railroads and locomotive manufacturers may become involved in new propulsion technologies (such as fuel cells and new battery technologies) as eventual replacements for diesel-electric locomotives. Railroads and locomotive manufacturers (in the U.S. and elsewhere) have unfortunately had mixed results for decades in successfully introducing new locomotive models, power plants and new locomotive technologies with episodes of unacceptable levels of road failures, and post-delivery underperformance in terms of reliability, maintainability and operability. Occasionally, accumulative failures and performance shortfalls have resulted in excessive maintenance expenses and even premature retirement and scrappage of relatively “young” locomotive assets. A tool that should be used before new designs of locomotives (and locomotives with significant amounts of new technology) enter commercial production is Reliability Growth Testing (RGT). RGT requires and involves having a statistically significant number of “preproduction” locomotives (not experimental prototypes) operated and maintained under “real railroad” conditions (not exclusively at dedicated test facilities). RGT is always preceded by engineering analyses and design, production of preproduction components, test bench and test cell validation, etc, and is always followed by necessary redesign of components experiencing significant failures so that when commercial production is started the products have a high probability of meeting railroad customer expectations and requirements. Failure to do adequate RGT can produce a high risk of post-delivery failure for locomotive (and component) manufacturers, railroads and financial entities that mortgage new locomotives. RGT units can then, in fact, be reconfigured at the conclusion of RGT activity and delivered to a railroad as being “production compliant” units. Once any new locomotive has been “sold to the customer” it becomes a customer asset. Having to modify (“fix”) a marginal or “bad” locomotive design after a railroad customer has accepted it (sometimes multiple times!) is an unacceptable outcome in a locomotive’s early life.