Journal articles: 'Aggressive intentions'

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Pundt, Alexander, René Fröhlich, and Friedemann W. Nerdinger. "Humor Makes Them Want to Stay." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 61, no. 3 (July 2017): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000241.

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Abstract. We investigate the relationship between humor in leadership and turnover intentions and focus on benign and aggressive humor. We propose indirect relationships between both benign and aggressive humor and turnover intentions via cynicism toward the leader. We expect communication satisfaction to moderate these relationships. In our survey study, we found a negative relationship between benign humor and cynicism, while aggressive humor in leadership was positively related to cynicism. We found indirect effects of benign and aggressive humor on turnover intentions mediated via cynicism. The indirect effect of benign humor was moderated by communication satisfaction in a way that benign humor was more strongly related to cynicism and indirectly to turnover intentions if communication satisfaction was low. The indirect effect of aggressive humor on turnover intentions was not moderated by communication satisfaction. Our study underlines the necessity to distinguish between benign and aggressive humor and to further explore its boundary conditions.

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Mason, Kira, Christopher P. Barlett, and Alex L. Jones. "The Influence of the Opposite Sex on Hypothetical Aggressive Inclinations." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (August 14, 2017): 5889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517724831.

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Previous research has supported the hypothesis that the presence of a potential mate influences social behavior; however, there is a paucity of work that has extended this to the study of aggression. Thus, the current research had participants ( N = 1,035) view a picture of an attractive or unattractive member of the opposite sex. Participants then imagined themselves in front of the imagined person in a social setting in which they were provoked or not before completing an assessment of aggressive intentions. Results from the 2 (sex of participant) × 2 (attractiveness of the picture) × 2 (provocation or not) analysis of variance showed that males viewing an image of an attractive female had higher aggressive intentions when provoked than males viewing a nonattractive female; however, these effects were not found for female participants.

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Capp, Michael S., and William A. Searcy. "Acoustical communication of aggressive intentions by territorial male bobolinks." Behavioral Ecology 2, no. 4 (1991): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/2.4.319.

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Duffy, Amanda L., and Drew Nesdale. "Group norms, intra-group position and children's aggressive intentions." European Journal of Developmental Psychology 7, no. 6 (November 2010): 696–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405620903132504.

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Charters, Maria, Amanda L. Duffy, and Drew Nesdale. "A social identity approach to explaining children's aggressive intentions." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 34, no. 4 (July 2013): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.03.001.

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Oshevsky, D. S., and A. A. Zubkova. "Individual psychological and social risk factors for violent criminal behavior in adolescents with organic mental disorder." Psychology and Law 6, no. 3 (2016): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060305.

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The article describes the risk factors for criminal aggression in adolescents with an organic mental disorder depending on the level of social deviations or severity of pathopsychological factor. The study involved 113 male adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. The main group consisted of juvenile offenders with organic mental disorder. We used the methods of investigation to determine the individual psychological characteristics, we also used structured risk assessment methods. It is shown that risk factors for criminal aggressive behavior in adolescents with organic mental disorder are a high level of proactive and reactive aggression, combined with underdeveloped mechanisms deter aggressive intentions. With the increase of organic disease, these features become more stable. An important role in shaping the aggressive criminal behavior plays an unsuccessful social environment. Interfamily problems, social deprivation, learning difficulties, communication in antisocial groups and substance abuse - all this increases the risk of aggressive illegal actions.

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Gomez-Garibello, Carlos, and Victoria Talwar. "Can you read my mind? Age as a moderator in the relationship between theory of mind and relational aggression." International Journal of Behavioral Development 39, no. 6 (April 16, 2015): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415580805.

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The present study examined whether age moderates the relationship between cognitive factors (theory of mind and attribution of intentions) and relational aggression. Participants ( N = 426; 216 boys) between 6 and 9 years of age were asked to complete theory of mind tasks and answer an attribution of intentions questionnaire. Teachers evaluated their students’ social behaviors including relational aggressive acts. Results suggest that theory of mind did affect relational aggression, when this association was moderated by chronological age. Specifically, it was found that the association between theory of mind and relational aggression was only significant and positive for younger participants; for older children the direction of this association was inverse. Taken together, findings from this study partially support the assertion that sophisticated cognitive skills are a prerequisite for indirect ways of aggression.

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Bowler, Mark C., David J. Woehr, Jennifer L. Bowler, Karl L. Wuensch, and Michael D. McIntyre. "The Impact of Interpersonal Aggression on Performance Attributions." Group & Organization Management 36, no. 4 (May 31, 2011): 427–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601111408897.

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This study examined the causal attributions made by aggressive and nonaggressive individuals—as classified by a conditional reasoning measure of aggression—in response to incidents of subordinate success and failure. Following the presentation of traditional patterns of performance information (i.e., consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency), participants ( N = 407) made attributions regarding the cause of the subordinate’s behavior and indicated their preferred behavioral intentions. Overall, when evaluating incidents of subordinate success, the causal attributions of aggressive individuals were similar to those of nonaggressive individuals. However, when evaluating incidents of subordinate failure, the causal attributions of aggressive individuals deviated from those of nonaggressive individuals for three information patterns. Moreover, following a person attribution, aggressive individuals were more likely to endorse punitive responses to incidents of subordinate failure. Implications, potential limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

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Vehrencamp, Sandra L. "Is song–type matching a conventional signal of aggressive intentions?" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 268, no. 1476 (August 7, 2001): 1637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1714.

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Swanson, Scott R. "Re-Examination of Assertiveness and Aggressiveness as Potential Moderators of Verbal Intentions." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (June 1999): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1111.

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This research reports the results of a replication of Swanson and McIntyre's 1998 study of assertiveness and aggressiveness as potential moderators of verbal intentions. A convenience sample of 119 women and 71 men participated. Nonassertive subjects were least likely, while Resort-to-Aggressive subjects were the most likely, to talk with acquaintances and others. Nonassertive and Assertive subjects were significantly more likely than Aggressive ones to make recommendations. Finally, men and women scored equally assertive, but men were more likely to score aggressive. The findings generally support the earlier work.

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Okan, Mehmet, and Ayse Banu Elmadag. "Witnessing verbal aggression: role of customers’ self-conscious emotions." Journal of Services Marketing 34, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2019-0037.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the widespread effects of service actors’ verbal aggression on witness customers’ intentions toward the service organizations through their self-conscious emotions. The moderating roles of the witness customers’ empathic tendencies and the source of aggression are also examined. Design/methodology/approach In two scenario-based experiments and by adopting a multifoci approach, severity of mistreatment (aggression vs incivility vs no-mistreatment) and source of mistreatment (employee-to-employee and customer-to-customer) were manipulated to test distinctive effects of witnessing aggression on self-conscious emotions and intentions. Findings This study shows that witnessing aggression during service experiences negatively influences customers’ intentions towards the service organization through self-conscious emotions. Moreover, empathic tendencies of customers make these effects more pronounced. It is also shown that witnessing employee-to-employee aggression has a stronger effect on self-conscious emotions and intentions than customer-to-customer aggression. Research limitations/implications This paper uncovers the distinctive effects of aggressive behaviors of service actors on self-conscious emotions from the third-party perspective. It is also shown that empathic tendencies can be detrimental to service organizations in certain conditions. Practical implications The results warn service managers against verbal aggression because of its negative effects on witness customers. It is suggested that they should try to clarify the incident and restore justice in front of the witnesses. Originality/value This paper is one of the first attempts to investigate the distinctive effects of witnessing aggression during service experiences and the roles of self-conscious emotions and emphatic tendencies.

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Giancola, Peter R., Aaron J. Godlaski, and Dominic J. Parrott. "Perceptions of One's Attacker's Intentions Following an Aggressive Interaction Involving Alcohol." Journal of General Psychology 133, no. 4 (October 2006): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/genp.133.4.389-400.

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Trif, Sabina, and Oana C. Fodor. "The Dark Side of Humor in the Workplace: Aggressive Humor, Exhaustion and Intention to Leave the Organization." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 17, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 74–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v17i2.292.

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Humor is inherent to social interaction and research has mainly focused on the potential benefits of using humor at work. However, different types of humor exist and this study builds on the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R) to argue that aggressive humor in the workplace is a demand rather than a resource. Specifically, the study explores the association of aggressive humor and the intention to leave the organization manifested by the employees and the role of exhaustion as a potential explanatory mechanism. Moreover, the study explored the potential buffering role of the quality of leader-employee exchange (LMX) for the negative effects of aggressive humor. The study employed a cross-sectional design in order to test a moderated mediation model. Data were collected from 101 call-center operators and team leaders working in a multinational company. Our findings show indeed that aggressive humor in the workplace is predictive for exhaustion, which, in turn, predicts the employees’ intentions to leave the organization. Contrary to our expectation, the moderating role of LMX did not receive empirical support. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Firdaus, Inne Yellisni, and Trilia Trilia. "Study of Phenomenology: the Aggressive Behavior of Soccer Club Supporter." Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research 2, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v2i1.69.

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Aggressive is a behavior directed to another individual with the intention of hurting or injuring. Aggressive behavior is aimed to others with the assumption that those who do the aggressive actions are not able to feel the pain in others or understand their motives, intentions, and goals which are actually more likely to be outrageous and cause physical and psychological harm, or material loss. This action is intentionally done by someone or institution. The objective was to find the phenomenology of the aggressive behavior of football club supporters in Palembang in 2018. The research method in this study used qualitative study design. A qualitative study is a process of examining understanding by using different methodological traditions in exploring social and human problems. The results obtained from the 7 study themes were as follows: External Influence on Changes of Being Supporter, Environmental Acceptance Response after Being a Football Supporter, Self-Satisfaction as a Supporter Member, Violent Actions Experienced by Football Supporters, and Self-Attitudes Facing Rejection Response. Conclusion: There are various phenomenology of football club supporters in Palembang. Supporters are suggested not to do aggressive actions because they can harm themselves and the surrounding environment. Keywords: phenomenology of supporters aggressive behavior

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Ryan, M. Kathleen, Jean M. Williams, and Beverly Wimer. "Athletic Aggression: Perceived Legitimacy and Behavioral Intentions in Girls’ High School Basketball." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 12, no. 1 (March 1990): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.1.48.

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The present study examined the stability of athletes' legitimacy judgments and behavioral intentions over the course of a basketball season and the relationship between these factors to actual behavior. The 49 female basketball players responded to a questionnaire that was derived from Bredemeier's (1985) Continuum of Injurious Acts. The preseason legitimacy rating of aggressive actions made by first-year basketball players were significantly higher than those made by more experienced players, but by the end of the season the first-year participants' ratings had dropped to a level comparable to their more experienced teammates. Preseason legitimacy judgments were found to predict player aggression during the season. Interpretation of the findings and recommendations for future direction in this area are discussed.

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Wang, Xuehua, Wing Chi Chow, Zhilin Yang, and Jennifer Y.M. Lai. "Market signals: web site investment and physical store existence." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-02-2013-0022.

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Purpose – Reputational beliefs influence online purchase intentions but are difficult to establish in settings in which counterfeit products are common, especially in emerging economies. Drawing upon signalling theory, this work decomposes reputational beliefs into: an ability belief, as represented by web site investment, and a truthfulness belief, as signalled by a statement about the existence of a physical store, and investigates their differential effects on online purchase intentions. This work aims to further investigate the moderating effects of searchers' personality type on the relationships between reputational beliefs and online purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach – Three experiments using various samples (students versus non-students) and products (cell phone versus camera) were conducted. Findings – The results reveal that two significant market signals, web site investment and a statement about physical store existence, influence reputation beliefs, and, thus online purchase intentions. Moreover, aggressive searchers' online purchase intentions depend on their ability belief rather than their truthfulness belief, whereas non-aggressive searchers' intentions rely on their truthfulness belief rather than their ability belief. Originality/value – This work provides new theoretical insights into factors influencing consumers' online purchase decision making by decomposing reputational beliefs and incorporating the moderating effect of personality type. It contributes to signaling literature by examining the effects of two market signals – web site investment and statement about the existence of a physical store – on two major components of reputational beliefs and online purchase intentions. This article is the first to empirically test the effects of reputational beliefs from the perspective of end-users in an online context.

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Waas, Joseph R. "Do little blue penguins signal their intentions during aggressive interactions with strangers?" Animal Behaviour 41, no. 3 (March 1991): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80838-3.

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Zygar, Caroline, and Michaela Pfundmair. "Does the female cycle matter? Looking at aggressive intentions after social exclusion." Social Influence 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2017.1301990.

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Davis, Kelly Cue. "The influence of alcohol expectancies and intoxication on men's aggressive unprotected sexual intentions." Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 18, no. 5 (2010): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020510.

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Vehrencamp, S. L. "Addendum for Vehrencamp, Is song-type matching a conventional signal of aggressive intentions?" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 268, no. 1485 (December 22, 2001): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.2009.

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Nesbit, Sundé M., Kevin L. Blankenship, and Renee A. Murray. "The Influence of Just-World Beliefs on Driving Anger and Aggressive Driving Intentions." Aggressive Behavior 38, no. 5 (July 9, 2012): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.21439.

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Holtzworth-Munroe, Amy, and Natalie Smutzler. "Comparing the Emotional Reactions and Behavioral Intentions of Violent and Nonviolent Husbands to Aggressive, Distressed, and Other Wife Behaviors." Violence and Victims 11, no. 4 (January 1996): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.11.4.319.

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The present study was designed to compare the self-reported emotional reactions and behavioral intentions of violent and nonviolent husbands to a variety of wife behaviors depicted with standardized stimuli. We recruited four subject groups, including 25 men beginning domestic violence treatment programs and three groups from the community—21 maritally violent and maritally distressed men, 23 nonviolent/distressed men, and 28 nonviolent/nondistressed men. Using stimuli and measures derived from Biglan, Rothlind, Hops, and Sherman (1989), along with stimuli designed for this study, subjects read written descriptions and examples of various wife statements (e.g., aggressive, distressed, and facilitative) and viewed videotaped depictions of wife behaviors varying in verbal content and nonverbal affect (i.e., aggressive/irritated, aggressive/dysphoric, distressed/irritated, and distressed/dysphoric). In response to each wife behavior, subjects rated what their emotional reactions (e.g., sympathetic, caring, supportive, sad, anxious, irritated, angry) and their behavioral responses (e.g., try to comfort, say something supportive, discuss the subject, not say anything, say something hostile, argue) would be. As predicted, in response to a wide range of wife behaviors, and relative to nonviolent men, violent men were less likely to report sympathetic/positive emotions and more likely to experience anger and irritation, but not other negative (i.e., sad or anxious) emotions. They were also more likely to report negative behavioral intentions and less likely to report positive behavioral intentions. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Yuan, Shupei, and Hang Lu. "“It’s Global Warming, Stupid”: Aggressive Communication Styles and Political Ideology in Science Blog Debates About Climate Change." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 97, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1003–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699020904791.

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The current study examined the effects of aggressive communication styles on individuals’ pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Two underlying mechanisms—psychological reactance and expectancy violation—as well as the moderating role played by political ideology were investigated. An online experiment ( N = 423) was conducted and the results showed that more aggressive style was more likely to trigger psychological reactance and violation of expectation, liberals responded more negatively to the aggressive message than conservatives, and expectancy violation was an important mediator. The findings provide explanations for how communication styles affect individuals’ information processing and offer implications regarding selecting communication styles wisely.

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Vassilopoulos, Stephanos P., Andreas Brouzos, and Eleni Andreou. "A Multi-Session Attribution Modification Program for Children with Aggressive Behaviour: Changes in Attributions, Emotional Reaction Estimates, and Self-Reported Aggression." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 5 (April 25, 2014): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465814000149.

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Background: Research suggests that aggressive children are prone to over-attribute hostile intentions to peers. Aims: The current study investigated whether this attributional style can be altered using a Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) procedure. Method: A sample of 10–12-year-olds selected for displaying aggressive behaviours was trained over three sessions to endorse benign rather than hostile attributions in response to ambiguous social scenarios. Results: Compared to a test-retest control group (n = 18), children receiving CBM-I (n = 16) were less likely to endorse hostile attributions and more likely to endorse benign attributions in response to a new set of ambiguous social situations. Furthermore, aggressive behaviour scores reduced more in the trained group than in the untrained controls. Children who received attribution training also reported less perceived anger and showed a trend to report more self-control than those in the control group. Conclusions: Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Ligocki, Isaac Y., Adam R. Reddon, Jennifer K. Hellmann, Constance M. O’Connor, Susan Marsh-Rollo, Sigal Balshine, and Ian M. Hamilton. "Social status influences responses to unfamiliar conspecifics in a cooperatively breeding fish." Behaviour 152, no. 12-13 (2015): 1821–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003306.

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In group living animals, individuals may visit other groups. The costs and benefits of such visits for the members of a group will depend on the attributes and intentions of the visitor, and the social status of responding group members. Using wild groups of the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish (Neolamprologus pulcher), we compared group member responses to unfamiliar ‘visiting’ conspecifics in control groups and in experimentally manipulated groups from which a subordinate the same size and sex as the visitor was removed. High-ranking fish were less aggressive towards visitors in removal groups than in control groups; low-ranking subordinates were more aggressive in the removal treatment. High-ranking females and subordinates the same size and sex as the visitor responded most aggressively toward the visitor in control groups. These results suggest that visitors are perceived as potential group joiners, and that such visits impose different costs and benefits on current group members.

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Tirabassi, Christine K., S. Jean Caraway, and Raluca M. Simons. "Women’s Behavioral Responses to Sexual Aggression: The Role of Secondary Cognitive Appraisals and Self-Regulation." Violence Against Women 23, no. 14 (September 18, 2016): 1689–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216665482.

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Sexual assault history, secondary cognitive appraisals, and a dual-process model of self-regulation were examined as predictors of women’s intended behavioral responses to hypothetical sexual aggression. College women ( N = 435) read a sexually aggressive scenario and rated their intentions to engage in assertive, polite, and passive behavioral responses. Results indicated secondary cognitive appraisals predicted less assertive, more polite, and more passive responses. Good self-control predicted assertive and polite responses, while sexual assault history and poor regulation predicted passive responses. Poor regulation significantly moderated the relationship between secondary cognitive appraisals and passive behavioral responses. Implications for the prevention of sexual assault are discussed.

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Farrell, Albert D., Amie F. Bettencourt, and Krista R. Mehari. "Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale." Journal of Early Adolescence 39, no. 6 (August 1, 2018): 785–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431618791297.

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This study investigated the structure and concurrent validity of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale (BAFS). Participants were 2,118 students from three urban middle schools who completed measures of their beliefs, frequency of physical aggression, victimization, and nonviolent intentions. Ratings of students’ frequency of physical aggression, physical victimization, and nonviolent behavior were also obtained from their teachers. The majority of the sample was African American (81%). Confirmatory factor analyses supported a model with separate factors representing beliefs against fighting, beliefs that fighting is sometimes necessary, beliefs supporting reactive aggression, and beliefs supporting proactive aggression. Support was also found for strong measurement invariance across sex, grade, and groups that differed in whether a violence-prevention program was being implemented at their school. The four BAFS factors were associated with adolescents’ frequency of aggression, victimization, and nonviolent behavior. This study underscores the importance of assessing multiple aspects of beliefs associated with aggressive behavior.

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Malik, Haris Bilal, and Muhammad Abbas Hassan. "The Evolved Security Dynamics of South Asia: Challenges to Pakistan’s Nuclear Threshold." Transformation of Turkey’s Defense Industry: Causes, Context and Consequences 22, Summer 2020 (September 16, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25253/99.2020223.06.

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The longstanding unresolved issue of Kashmir serves as a nuclear flashpoint between India and Pakistan. Since 2019, the prevalent security environment of the region has dominated the discourse surrounding the regional and global security architecture. India’s policies during the Pulwama-Balakot crisis and the revocation of Kashmir’s constitutional status demonstrate the country’s intentions of dominating the escalation ladder in the region and marginalizing the muslim community of Kashmir. Because of the conventional disparity in South Asia where India is big interms of size, economy and military build-up, Pakistan has been further threatened by India’s aggressive policies and provocative military modernization. Consequently, Pakistan may be compelled to further revisit its nuclear threshold level to overcome India’s aggression.

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Telesheva, K. Yu, Z. I. Storozheva, V. V. Myamlin, A. V. Kirenskaya, and F. S. Safuanov. "Psychophysiological correlates of personality factors of impulsive aggression in subjects with personality disorders and in mentally healthy subjects." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 1 (2020): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130108.

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The comparative study of sensorimotor gating in the model of acoustic startle response (ASR) and personal traits was provided in mentally healthy offenders (24 s.) and offenders with personal disorders (15 s.) accused of crimes committed by the mechanism of impulsive aggression (IA) was provided. The control group consisted of 39 healthy male volunteers. The battery of psychometric techniques was applied, notably questionnaires of Spielberger, Rusalov’s structure of temperament questionnaire, Rotter’s modified version of the subjective control level assessment, Zuckerman and Buss-Durkee questionnaires. The basic ASR measures and prepulse modification were analyzed. Significantly different IA mechanisms were found in the groups of offenders at both the psychological and neurobiological level. It has been shown that, in individuals with personality disorders, the IA is based on the propensity to realize their own aggressive intentions or motivations, which, apparently, acquires a self-contained motivating value regardless of external stimuli. The important role of emotional factors in the mechanisms of impulsive aggressive reactions was shown in the mentally healthy offenders.

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Gurtovaya, M. I. "STUDYING OF AN AGGRESSIVE COMPONENT IN INTERACTION OF TEENAGERS." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Sociology. Pedagogy. Psychology 6(72), no. 3 (2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1709-2020-6-3-77-85.

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Known, aggression, of course, is often present in the communication of adolescents. The aggression, as a term, includes not only verbal and physical aggression, but also using the friendship influence a third person. There is the concept of reputational aggression, which involves spreading rumors about another person in order to damage his or her reputation. Typically, adolescents first apply reputational aggression, and then aggression by attitude to show their strength and emphasize the confidence of their status. Aggressive behavior as a whole has been widely studied in different psychological schools. In this case, a behavioral approach is used in which aggression is a consequence of personality frustration. Moreover, aggression can be direct, indirect, directed at another person or at himself. Frustration and aggression can occur in a situation of social comparison, which is typical in adolescence. However, it is necessary to take into account the orientation of aggression, its destructive properties for the individual and others, as well as the consequences that it may entail. And since a person is still in the process of becoming a teenager, there is hope and the opportunity to learn how to manage his emotions and constructively work out aggressive intentions. In the article, considers various psychological approaches specificated at adolescence. And all the psychologists agree that adolescence cannot be provided without aggression in communication and behavior. In this connection, the article raises the question of the findings and orientation of aggression in adolescents. Also analyzes the interpersonal communication in adolescence. In this case, we used to analyze specificity of teenage behavior in frustration situations and how they can observe their potential emotions in different context. And studying of the specifics of interpersonal interaction of adolescents. Features of interpersonal interaction of adolescents are considered from the point of view of Rosenzweig’s S. frustration theory and the main three types of personality orientation identified by him (extrapunitive, impusive, intropunitive). The presence and specifics of the manifestation of aggression in adolescents are analyzed using projective methods: Murray R. apperceptive test, Wagner’s E. Hand Test. An analysis of the relationship of a teenager in different social groups was also carried out using the Sacks-Levy projective method Sentence completion test SSCT. Based on the receiving data, the specific features of the manifestation of an aggressive orientation for three types of personality orientation are identified with the help of combination of all receiving data. Provided conclusion gives not only understanding of the analyzed data, but contain some ideas for the future investigations.

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Wang, Lei, Jiehui Zheng, Liang Meng, Qiang Lu, and Qingguo Ma. "Ingroup favoritism or the black sheep effect: Perceived intentions modulate subjective responses to aggressive interactions." Neuroscience Research 108 (July 2016): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2016.01.011.

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Blankenship, Kevin L., Sundé M. Nesbit, and Renee A. Murray. "Driving Anger and Metacognition: The Role of Thought Confidence on Anger and Aggressive Driving Intentions." Aggressive Behavior 39, no. 4 (April 16, 2013): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.21484.

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Bernhardt, Jay M., James R. Sorenson, and Jane D. Brown. "When the Perpetrator Gets Killed: Effects of Observing the Death of a Handgun User in a Televised Public Service Announcement." Health Education & Behavior 28, no. 1 (February 2001): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800108.

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This study evaluates the cognitive effects of an anti–handgun violence public service announcement (PSA) on sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students ( N = 294). Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group, which viewed a PSA depicting the death of an aggressive handgun user, or a comparison group, which viewed identical content except that the PSA showed no negative consequence for the handgun user. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for race and gender, revealed that the treatment group was more likely to report negative expected outcomes for aggressively using a handgun and lower behavioral intentions to aggressively use a handgun compared with the comparison group. These findings suggest that observing handgun violence on television that depicts death as a negative physical consequence for the perpetrator may produce lower handgun-encouraging beliefs compared with observing no consequence for the perpetrator—the norm for most televised violence today.

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Swanson, Scott R. "Assertiveness and Aggressiveness as Potential Moderators of Verbal Behaviors following Unsatisfactory Service." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.467-475.

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This research is an extension of earlier studies that examined Assertiveness and Aggressiveness as potential moderators of verbal intentions. A sample of 127 women and 137 men participated in the survey which used random residential telephone numbers. Respondents ranged in age from 18 to 71 years ( M = 33.2, SD= 12.4), with men making up 51.9% of the total sample. Those respondents classified as having an Aggressive interaction style were least likely to have discussed their unsatisfactory service encounters. The nature of the verbal communications was negative for all four interaction styles investigated. Similar to previous findings, men and women were equally Assertive, but men were more likely to be Aggressive when engaging in marketplace interactions.

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Searcy, William, Rindy Anderson, and Stephen Nowicki. "Testing the function of song-matching in birds: responses of eastern male song sparrows Melospiza melodia to partial song-matching." Behaviour 145, no. 3 (2008): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853908783402876.

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AbstractSong-matching has been hypothesized to be a signal of aggressive intentions whereby matching an opponent signals that the singer is likely to attack. Theory predicts that an aggressive signal should impose a cost that enforces the signal's reliability. A receiver-dependent cost imposed by the matched bird's aggressive retaliation has been proposed for song-matching. We tested for such a cost for partial song-matching in an eastern population of song sparrows where males lack the shared song types necessary for song type matching, but can perform partial song-matching using shared song segments. We tested aggressive response, as measured by average distance to a playback speaker, to partial-matching songs and non-matching songs. We predicted a stronger aggressive response to partial-matching songs, as has been shown for whole song-matching in western song sparrow populations. The birds in our study responded no differently to partial-matching and non-matching songs. Neither the distance to the playback speaker nor singing responses differed between playback treatments. Our results do not support a receiver-dependent cost to partial song-matching, as would be expected if partial-matching is a direct threat. Instead, we suggest that partial song-matching functions as a signal of attention.

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Stoler, Ann Laura. "Rethinking Colonial Categories: European Communities and the Boundaries of Rule." Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 1 (January 1989): 134–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015693.

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In 1945, Bronislaw Malinowski urged anthropology to abandon what he called its “one-column entries” on African societies and to study instead the “no-man's land of change,” to attend to the “aggressive and conquering” European communities as well as native ones, and to be aware that “European interests and intentions” were rarely unified but more often “at war” (1945:14–15). Four decades later, few of us have heeded his prompting or really examined his claim.

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Bond, Alan B. "Toward a Resolution of the Paradox of Aggressive Displays: II. Behavioral Efference and the Communication of Intentions." Ethology 81, no. 3 (April 26, 2010): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00769.x.

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Iznak, E. V., E. V. Damyanovich, N. S. Levchenko, I. V. Oleichik, and A. F. Iznak. "EEG Asymmetries in Depressive Female Adolescents with Different Kinds of Auto-Aggressive Behavior." Psikhiatriya 18, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-14-21.

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Background: non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescence is a significant risk factor for suicide, and therefore, the search for neurobiological markers and predictors of risk for suicidal intentions and actions seems to be an urgent task. In particular, quantitative EEG parameters can be such predictors.Objective: to identify the features of EEG in female adolescents with endogenous depressive conditions, manifested only by NSSI without suicidal intentions, in comparison with the EEG of patients who had suicidal auto-aggressive behavior (SAB) in the structure of depression.Patients and methods: the study was conducted as a comparative clinical and neurophysiological. The study included 45 female patients aged 16–25 years with endogenous depressive conditions, divided into 2 subgroups: those who showed only NSSI (NSSI subgroup, 21 patients), or who had a history of SAB (SAB subgroup, 24 patients). Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological and statistical methods were used.Results and its discussion: intergroup differences were revealed in relation to the ratio and hemispheric asymmetry of the EEG spectral power of narrow frequency sub-bands of the parietal-occipital alpha rhythm. In the SAB subgroup alpha-2 (9–11 Hz) rhythm spectral power is higher than in the NSSI subgroup, the focus of alpha-2 spectral power is located in the right hemisphere, and alpha-3 sub-band (11–13 Hz) spectral power is higher than of alpha-1 (8–9 Hz). In the NSSI subgroup, alpha-1 (8–9 Hz) sub-band spectral power are higher than of alpha-3 (11–13 Hz), and focuses of alpha-2 (9–11 Hz) and alpha-3 (11–13 Hz) rhythms are localized in the left hemisphere. The results are discussed in terms of functional specialization of the brain hemispheres in relation to the regulation of emotions and control of behavior.Conclusions: the spatial distribution of the EEG frequency components in the SAB subgroup reflects the greater activation of the brain left hemisphere that is more typical for the EEG of individuals with an increased risk of suicide. In the NSSI subgroup, the right hemisphere is relatively more activated that is more typical for EEG in depressive disorders.The results obtained allow the use of quantitative EEG data to clarify the degree of suicidal risk in depressed female adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury.

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Popp, Roland. "Stumbling Decidedly into the Six-Day War." Middle East Journal 60, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 281–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/194034606783996500.

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In the historiography of the 1967 War, the common reading is to portray it as an "inadvertent war." Using recently declassified documents, this article offers an alternative interpretation. In critically examining existing master plan theories, it is shown that the United Arab Republic's (UAR) military actions were limited in size and were without aggressive intentions. The Israeli decision to strike was taken not for military reasons but rather to prevent a diplomatic solution which might have entailed disadvantages for the Israeli side.

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Swanson, Scott R., and Roger P. McIntyre. "Assertiveness and Aggressiveness as Potential Moderators of Consumers' Verbal Behavior following a Failure of Service." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3_suppl (June 1998): 1239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3c.1239.

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49 men and 37 women participated in a study of the relationships among assertiveness, aggressiveness, and verbal intentions. Findings suggest that as a person's social network extends out from family to others, Nonassertive and Aggressive persons are less likely to discuss a problem with service and their response. However, more assertive consumers are significantly more likely to discuss these same circumstances with acquaintances and others. The nature of intended verbal communications was positive for Assertive relative to Nonassertive consumers. Sex of the subject did not appear to be of importance.

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Дементьева, Изабелла Федоровна, and Татьяна Сергеевна Борисова. "FACTORS OF CHILD AGGRESSION MANIFESTATION IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT." Pedagogical Review, no. 4(32) (August 31, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2020-4-47-54.

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Исследования российских и зарубежных ученых показывают, что распространенность агрессивного поведения детей в школьной среде в последние годы имеет тенденцию к росту. Пространство образовательной организации перестает быть безопасным, несмотря на принимаемые меры по его обеспечению: установка турникетов, металлоискателей, наличие охраны, создание школьной службы медиации (разрешения конфликтов) и т. п. Анализируется понятие и содержание агрессивного поведения. Проблема агрессии в образовательном учреждении рассматривается с позиции насильственных действий как по отношению к учащимся, так и по отношению к педагогам и к образовательной организации в целом. Крайним выражением агрессии и жестокости, как показывают реалии сегодняшнего дня, стали случаи нападения на школы и массового насилия со стороны учеников, сопровождаемые гибелью в равной мере детей и учителей. В этих условиях особую значимость приобретает роль учителя как носителя модели социального поведения в школе. Однако в ряде случаев именно учитель может вызывать агрессивные действия учеников, неправомерно используя вербальные средства для выражения своей неприязни к обучающимся, оскорбляя их достоинство. На основе результатов научных исследований анализируются проявления агрессивности в школьном социуме, определяются факторы, провоцирующие агрессию подростков. Делается вывод, что в формировании агрессивных намерений подростка-школьника ведущую роль играют межличностные отношения. Поэтому в образовательной среде важно создание такой модели взаимодействия субъектов воспитания, которая будет обеспечивать наиболее оптимальное сочетание их позиций и интересов. The prevalence of aggressive behavior of children in the school environment in recent years has a tendency to increase. The space of the educational organization is no longer safe, despite the measures taken to ensure it: the installation of turnstiles, metal detectors, the presence of security, the creation of a school mediation service (conflict resolution), etc. The article analyzes the concept and content of aggressive behavior. The problem of aggression in an educational institution is considered from the position of violent actions both in relation to students, and in relation to teachers and the educational organization as a whole. The extreme expression of aggression and cruelty, as today’s realities show, are cases of attacks on schools and mass violence by students, accompanied by the death of children and teachers alike. Under these conditions, the role of a teacher as a carrier of a model of social behavior in school is of particular importance. However, in some cases, the teacher can cause the pupils to act aggressively by illegally using verbal means to express their hostility towards students insulting their dignity. Based on the results of scientific research, the article analyzes the manifestations of aggressiveness in school society, identifies the factors that provoke aggression of adolescents. It is concluded that interpersonal relationships play a leading role in the formation of aggressive intentions of a teenage schoolchild. Therefore, in the educational environment it is important to create such a model of interaction between the subjects of education, which will provide the most optimal combination of their positions and interests.

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Kim, Kawon, and Melissa A. Baker. "The Customer Isn’t Always Right: The Implications of Illegitimate Complaints." Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 61, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938965519889288.

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Due to the common business practice of the “customer is always right,” many companies have a risk of dealing with illegitimate complaints. Although illegitimate complaints are a major issue in the hospitality industry, no study has yet examined the impact of illegitimate customer complaining behavior on customers who can witness the complaining and recovery process of others. To fill this gap, this research examines the effects of service recovery aimed at illegitimate customers on customers who witness the complaints’ behavioral reactions (revisit intention, tipping behavior, intention to complain) and the role of emotional expression. A 2 (Service recovery aimed at other customer; good vs. poor) × 2 (Legitimacy of complaining behavior of other customers: legitimate vs. illegitimate) × 2 (Emotional expression: aggressive vs. calm) scenario-based between-subjects factorial experiment is utilized. This research provides evidence that witnessing illegitimate complaints of other customers and the subsequent service recovery aimed at those complainers impacts the behavioral reactions of customers who witness that situation. This study broadens the service recovery literature by incorporating third-party justice theory with illegitimate customer behavior by specifically examining the unique case where the firm is not responsible for the service recovery. In addition, the findings address the benefit to service firms by understanding the impact of witnessing other customers’ service recovery treatment on observers’ subsequent behavioral intentions.

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Tierney, Dominic. "Accidental primacy: balancing and the path to power." International Relations 32, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117818763509.

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Why did states fail to balance against the United States after the end of the Cold War? Scholars have neglected an important dynamic: the accidental nature of America’s rise to primacy. The United States became the sole superpower not by deliberately increasing its capabilities but due to the unexpected collapse of its rival, the USSR. The case illustrates that a state’s responsibility for its gains in power can vary significantly, with important consequences for subsequent balancing. Active or deliberate power increases tend to produce more balancing than passive power increases because they signal aggressive intentions, alter the dyadic power balance between the rising state and potential balancers, and trigger loss aversion.

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Du, Jing, Qi Wang, and Qian Shi. "Description–experience gap under imperfect information." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 1151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2018-0075.

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Purpose Capital project delivery, such as the delivery of transportation networks and industrial facilities, often suffers losses due to overly aggressive planning. Planners often are overly optimistic about the chance of success while underestimating risks. The purpose of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that these biases are from the difficulties most decision makers face when interpreting probabilistic information. Design/methodology/approach Three behavioral experiments were conducted to test the theoretical fitness of the paradigms proposed by the description–experience gap literature, namely, the sampling errors effect, the recency effect and statistical information format. College students were recruited to participate in a series of estimating tasks. And their estimating results were compared given different levels of information completeness. Findings It was found that the existing paradigms could predict risk decision making in the risk-averse estimating scenarios where test subjects were required to give a relatively conservative estimate, but they seemed to be less effective in predicting decisions in the risk-seeking estimating scenario, where test subjects were asked to give a relatively aggressive estimate. Originality/value Based on these findings, an integrative model is proposed to explain the observations pertaining to aggressive planning in capital projects. Two dimensions are deemed to be relevant: including risk-taking intentions, and an information uncertainty continuum that ranges from an implicit experience-based information representation to an explicit description-based information representation.

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Vitaro, Frank, Daniel Pelletier, and Sylvain Coutu. "Effects of a Negative Social Experience on the Emotional and Social-Cognitive Responses of Aggressive-Rejected Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 2 (October 1989): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.2.371.

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Social problem-solving skills of aggressive-rejected children are usually assessed through hypothetical situations in a neutral setting where little or no reference is made to the emotional aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the social problem-solving skills of 57 aggressive-rejected (Group 1) and 57 prosocial-popular (Group 2) children of both sexes in Grades 1 and 2 by using as problem situations what happened in standardized provocations involving them with a trained peer-accomplice. An individual interview, aimed at disclosing emotions felt during the provocations, intentions attributed to the accomplice and possible reactions if confronted again with the same provocations, was conducted immediately after the session for half the subjects of each group. The other subjects were interviewed after a 10-min. delay. Analysis showed that Group 1 subjects would be less verbally assertive than Group 2 subjects if confronted again with the same provocations. The first graders from Group 1 also attributed fewer positive intents to the author of the provocations than Group 2 classmates. Second graders of both groups attributed more negative and fewer positive intents to the peer-accomplice when the interview immediately followed the provocations than when it was delayed. Similarly, second grade boys interviewed right away were more prone to use physical and verbal retaliation if the provocations were to happen again. These results highlight the influence of emotions on the social reasoning skills of aggressive-rejected and nonaggressive-nonrejected children.

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Sassi, Narjes, Assâad El Akremi, and Christian Vandenberghe. "Examining the frustration-aggression model among Tunisian blue-collar workers." Journal of Managerial Psychology 30, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-06-2013-0192.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the links between work stressors, perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, and workplace aggression, using the traits of negative affectivity and external locus of control as individual moderators. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a survey questionnaire among 477 blue-collar workers from a Tunisian manufacturing company. Findings – Results indicate that perceived stress mediates a positive relationship between work stressors (quantitative workload, role ambiguity, and interpersonal conflicts) and emotional exhaustion. Moreover, the relationship between quantitative workload and interpersonal conflicts and perceived stress is stronger among individuals with high levels of negative affectivity. Similarly, the relationship between quantitative workload and perceived stress is stronger at high levels of external locus of control. Finally, emotional exhaustion mediates a positive relationship between perceived stress and interpersonal and organizational aggression. Practical implications – The findings suggest that Tunisian organizations may reduce perceived stress and aggressive behavior among blue-collar workers through reducing quantitative workload, role ambiguity, and interpersonal conflicts. Moreover, specific training programs, job redesign, and formal mentorship that provide employees with improved social skills can also be recommended as soon as early signs of frustration or intentions to misbehave appear. Finally, leadership development practices may help supervisors better manage workplace stressors and reduce the occurrence of workplace aggression. Originality/value – The current study is an initial attempt to look at an integrated model of stress and aggression among blue-collar workers in Tunisia. While some of the findings are consistent with the literature, others might reflect the unique aspects of the Tunisian culture.

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Belinskaya, E. P., and E. R. Agadullina. "Relative deprivation and an avoidance coping in network communication." Social Psychology and Society 11, no. 1 (2020): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110106.

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Objective: the relationship between a relative deprivation and communication in social networks, in particular, with avoidance coping in the situations of communicative difficulties. Background: the study is focused on coping with difficult situations through the analysis of meta-determinants of construction of the representations about social world, in particular, in the conditions of social network interaction among youth persons. Study design and participants: the study was conducted as a survey involving 193 active users of the social network Vkontakte. Measurements: a double mediation model was tested with a relative deprivation as an independent variable, avoidance coping as a dependent variable, and a perceived threat and an attribution of aggressive intentions as the mediators of this relationship. Results: the results indicate that a relative deprivation is associated with an increase of perceived threat, which in turn increases a likelihood of attributing to people with dissimilar values and attitudes of “bad” intentions and leads to avoiding network interaction. At the same time, the results demonstrate that group threat does not a significant mediator of the relationship between a relative deprivation and network behavior. Conclusions: relative deprivation is associated with avoidance coping in social network communication both directly and indirectly through the actualization of additional social and cognitive variables.

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JESPERSEN, KRISTINA RISOM, and RUNE BYSTED. "IMPLEMENTING NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AMONG MANAGERS." International Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 03 (March 9, 2016): 1650043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919616500432.

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Strategy implementation is an important aspect of innovation, as only 30% of planned strategies are matched by realised innovation outcomes. The present study investigates this in a setting of strategic implementation of New Product Development (NPD). In the implementation process, the managers’ characteristics are what lead to successful implementation of NPD. Managers’ characteristics affect the decision outcome. This study incorporates curiosity as a personal trait and NPD experience as a personal characteristic of the manager as moderating effects of the strategy implementation process of NPD. 131 NPD managers of Scandinavia SBUs participated in the study. Data were analysed using partial least squares regression. The study finds that managers influence the realised NPD strategy. NPD managers impose competence traps on strategy implementation. Curious NPD managers implementing aggressive strategic intentions create information overload in the NPD process, which decreases the new product novelty. In contrast, realisation of defensive strategic intentions makes experienced NPD managers focus on known NPD competences, thereby decreasing the new product novelty of NPD efforts. The study identified inadequately developed information competences among NPD managers. The result shows the importance of analysing how personal characteristics facilitate or hinder NPD strategy implementation. The competitive advantage of NPD efforts relies on such an analysis.

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Takeda, Kohei F., Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, and Nobuyuki Kutsukake. "Arch displays signal threat intentions in a fission–fusion flock of the red-crowned crane." Behaviour 152, no. 12-13 (2015): 1779–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003304.

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Ritualised displays are used by group-living animals in various contexts, such as when individuals join a group or flock. Only a few quantitative studies of the function of displays in species with fission–fusion social dynamics have been conducted to date. Here, we examined the arch display in red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) immediately after joining a flock. Behavioural observations indicated that the arch functions as a signal of both threat motivation and individual strength. Singletons had disadvantages in terms of competition over resources and were, therefore, expected to have higher threat motivation than pairs or families. Indeed, singletons performed the arch more frequently than did pairs or families. Performance of the arch was related to dominance: males and adults were more likely to perform the arch than females and sub-adults. The likelihood of performing the arch was positively associated with local group density, indicating that joiners arched in more competitive situations. Contextual analyses indicated that subsequent behaviour by a joiner was more aggressive and that nearby individuals more frequently showed behavioural responses when a joiner arched than when it did not. Together, this study shows that cranes demonstrate functional displays to potential competitors, and represents a rare example of the functional analysis of ritualised signals in non-songbird species with fission–fusion social dynamics.

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Nowak, Kristine L., Marina Krcmar, and Kirstie M. Farrar. "The Causes and Consequences of Presence: Considering the Influence of Violent Video Games on Presence and Aggression." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.17.3.256.

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The level of presence is likely to influence the effect of media violence. This project examines the causes and consequences of presence in the context of violent video game play. In a between subjects design, 227 participants were randomly assigned to play either a violent or a nonviolent video game. The results are consistent with what would be predicted by social learning theory and are consistent with previous presence research. Causal modeling analyses reveal two separate paths to presence: from individual differences and condition. The first path reveals that individual differences (previous game use and gender) predict presence. Those who frequently play video games reported higher levels of presence than those who play video games less frequently. Males play more games but felt less presence than women. The second path is related to perceived violence: those who perceived the game to be more violent felt more presence than those who perceived less violence in the game. Both of these paths were influenced by frustration with the game, which reduced presence. Those who felt more presence felt more hostility and were more verbally aggressive than those who felt lower levels of presence. Higher levels of presence led to increased physically aggressive intentions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aggressive intentions'

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