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1
Cobbe, James H. "Economic Aspects of Lesotho's Relations with South Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010338.
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Lesotho has long had the distinction of being one of the more anomalous states not only in Southern Africa, but in the world. It is entirely surrounded by another country, the Republic of South Africa. It is ethnically and linguistically very homogeneous. It is a monarchy. Physically, the lowest point in Lesotho is higher, in vertical distance above sea level, that that in any other country. Its economy is marked by some extraordinary paradoxes, such as agriculture being the main economic activity of the bulk of the labour force albeit the origin of a small fraction of total income, imports enomously exceeding exports and being larger than domestic output, and fewer citizens working for cash inside the country than outside.
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Hanspal, Savita, and N. K. Chadha. "Economic Aspects of Aging in India." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2006): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j194v04n01_10.
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Bak, Iwona, and Beata Szczecinska. "Economic Aspects of Population Aging. Modeling Senior Household Ependiture." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIV, Special Issue 3 (September 1, 2021): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2414.
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Bob, Urmilla, Kamilla Swart, Edwin Perry, and Dinolen Gounden. "Profiling and Examining Travel Patterns Pertaining to Domestic Tourism in Lesotho." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 9(6) (December 15, 2020): 1076–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-69.
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While some studies have examined aspects of tourism in Lesotho, there is limited research examining domestic tourist profiles and travel patterns, crucial to unlocking Lesotho’s domestic tourism potential. There is a need for such research to enable the development of appropriate tourism products and strategies. This study then critically examines results from a household survey that was undertaken in Lesotho to assess domestic tourists’ profiles, travel patterns, main motivations, and tourism products or services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in 1 210 households across all administrative districts of Lesotho using a proportionate sampling approach. Within each District, a systematic sampling approach was adopted to minimise bias. Lesotho has several tourism products such as cultural and heritage sites, nature-based destinations and unique leisure experiences. Pre COVID-19 levels of domestic tourism and travel were relatively high. The study found that several socio-economic factors influence the willingness and ability of households to consume domestic tourism products. It is concluded that domestic tourism in Lesotho can be improved with better, more appropriate communication and marketing strategies, as well as an upgraded transport infrastructure and tourism services.
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Yavorska, V. "Social and geographical aspects of population aging." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 62 (2014): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2014.62.9.
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Ukraine belongs to countries with a high intensity depopulation processes which conditioned by a number of diverse factors of economic, socio-cultural, institutional character. The extensive and prolonged depopulation stands now as a part and one of the most expressive manifestation of the general crisis of the demographic situation in Ukraine. This article investigates the impact of trends in life expectancy to the indicators of the population aging. It was conducted regional analysis and determined regional differences in terms of life expectancy and the parameters of population aging. The reasons of such a stress situation were identified.
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Bulgakova, S., and N. Romanchuk. "Sleep and Aging: Endocrine and Epigenetic Aspects." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 65–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/57/08.
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Along with many physiological changes during normal aging, sleep also changes. Age-related changes in sleep include: a decrease in the duration of night sleep, an increase in the frequency of falling asleep during the day, an increase in the number of night awakenings and time spent without sleep during the night, a decrease in the phase of slow sleep, etc. Most of these changes occur between the young and the middle and remain unchanged in the elderly. In addition, the circadian system and homeostatic sleep mechanisms become less stable with aging. The level and nature of the secretion of hormones acting on sleep change during normal aging, which affects the processes of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep indicators are interrelated and/or dependent on lifestyle, polymorbidity (somatic, psychological), polypharmacy, epigenetic (social, economic, environmental, etc.) factors. Increased average human life expectancy and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of human brain neural network interaction with artificial intelligence.
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Murillo, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez. "Aging in Central America and the Caribbean." Cadernos Ibero-Americanos de Direito Sanitário 10, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17566/ciads.v10i1.747.
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The book Aging in Central America and the Caribbean, object of this review, was published in 2018 by Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CIALC), from the Universidad Autónoma de México, and organized by Aída Díaz-Tendero Bollain. The work addresses aging in Latin America and the Caribbean from a multidisciplinary perspective of the phenomenon under the prism of human rights, socio-economic aspects and demographic elements in the region. An important analysis is the privatization of health and social assistance services, which triggered the rupture of ties of intergenerational solidarity and challenged the continuity of economic solidarity for the elderly.
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Rodziewicz, Tadeusz, Aleksander Zaremba, and Maria Wacławek. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Photovoltaic Conversion of Southern Poland." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0026.
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Abstract The article presents the results of a 13-year tests and analysis of performance and energy and electrical charge yield for typical photovoltaic modules made of different absorbers. Modules were installed on the south wall of Opole University building (at kard. B. Kominka Street). Registered in this period (2001-2013) values energy and charge of tested modules are presented in reference to 1 Wp their nominal power and to 1 m2 of PV modules. Their annual and monthly distributions, with particular emphasis on the seasonal changes of its parameters and phenomena of aging and degradation of the PV modules structure were shown. In the final part of the article was presented an economic analysis of the profitability of investment in 20 kWp grid connected PV system with and without implemented the program to support investment in renewable energy, which respect to the newly implemented in Poland Act on RES.
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Salazar-Barajas, Martha Elba, Bertha Cecilia Salazar-González, and Esther Carlota Gallegos-Cabriales. "Middle-Range Theory: Coping and Adaptation with Active Aging." Nursing Science Quarterly 30, no. 4 (September 21, 2017): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318417724459.
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Various disciplines focus on a multiplicity of aspects of aging: lifestyles, personal biological factors, psychological conditions, health conditions, physical environment, and social and economic factors. The aforementioned are all related to the determinants of active aging. The aim is to describe the development of a middle-range theory based on coping and adaptation with active aging. Concepts and relationships derived from Roy’s model of adaptation are included. The proposed concepts are hope, health habits, coping with aging, social relations, and active aging.
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Yurevich, A. V. "Oldness as an interdisciplinary problem." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-587389149-55.
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This study focuses on the social and psychological factors of aging, along with related psychological characteristics. The study emphasizes that old age is only the beginning to be understood, as aging conceals crucial reserves. Thus, exploring psychological mechanisms of aging constitutes a a new area that merits attention. In conclusion, modern society needs a special ideology of old age, which could include economic, social, and psychological aspects.
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Charan, Sri P. "Study on Urban Sustainable Restructuring of Leinefelde, Germany and Revealing the Important Strategies for Environmental Well-Being for Shrinking Cities." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p76-85.
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Why habitat Mars when you can make earth livable. Demographic change led to the shrinking of the city and also aging native population were big problems in leinefelde. Sustainable urban structures, housing affordability and availability was a big criteria. The political and economic change in the eastern Germany after reunification in 1989, anticipated and intensified the problems. By 1993 municipality realized that it should develop strategies and policies to stop the breakdown of economic and political breakdown of the city. As a result of the actions taken, leinefelde has become successful transformation of shrinking cities in the world. This research paper finds the problems led to shrinking of the city and then focuses on the different parameters and strategies like project context, social aspects, environmental aspects, economic aspects, organizational aspects, sustainable aspects that were carried out in order to have a successful transformation of leinefelde. And finally list down the key indicator for project being successful as a conclusion.
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Whitfield, Keith E., Jacqueline L. Angel, and Rebeca Wong. "Biobehavioral Aspects of Health and Aging Among People of Mexican Origin." Journal of Aging and Health 23, no. 7 (September 23, 2011): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264311423370.
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There is a growing interest in developing a deeper level of understanding of the complex phenomena that make up the aging process. Efforts to pursue questions using a multivariate and ecologically valid approaches that include biological and behavioral factors have led to significant advances in our knowledge. This special issue presents a collection of papers that represent this “biobehavioral” perspective. Little is known concerning the biobehavioral aspects of Hispanic health and there is a dearth of systematic study of how individual biological factors interact with the environmental and cultural factors to affect health outcomes among the swiftly growing older population of Mexican origin, a subgroup of older minorities that exhibits unique morbidity and mortality patterns. The group of papers here represents important contributions to understanding the health consequences in later life for individuals of Mexican descent and addresses several areas of interest including but not limited to diabetes, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, frailty, socio-economic status and contextual factors that impact health. The papers presented here use interesting and useful transdisciplinary approaches that increase our knowledge of health processes in older people of Mexican descent. This special issue also provides excellent examples of the critical linkages between biological variables broadly defined and traditional social stratification, social inequalities, and social justice and the ways in which they interact. The papers taken together suggest that the processes involved in aging and health are complex, particularly in people of Mexican descent, and requires the understanding of mechanisms at multiple causes and levels of analysis.
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Cho, Jinmyoung, Peter Martin, and Leonard W. Poon. "The Older They Are, the Less Successful They Become? Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/695854.
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This study examined whether oldest-old adults are successful agers. Three hundred and six octogenarians and centenarians of Phase III of the Georgia Centenarian Study participated in this study. A first model examined Rowe and Kahn’s successful aging model (Rowe and Khan (1997 and 1998)) including the probability of disease, physical or cognitive capacity, and engagement with life. All three components were applied to assess how many oldest-old adults satisfied all three criteria. The result showed about 15% of octogenarians (15.1%), and none of centenarians satisfied all three components of successful aging. Consequently, a second alternative model focused on psychosocial aspects including three different components: subjective health, perceived economic status, and happiness. Different from Rowe and Kahn’s successful aging model, a total of 62.3% of octogenarians and 47.5% of centenarians satisfied all three components of the alternative model of successful aging. The results suggest that additional criteria of successful aging should be considered thereby expanding the concepts and multidimensional aspects of successful aging among oldest-old adults.
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Fischer, Frida Marina, Maria Carmen Martinez, Camila Helaehil Alfredo, João Silvestre Silva-Junior, Jodi Oakman, Teresa Cotrim, Donald Fisher, Stephen Popkin, Gretchen A. Petery, and Paul A. Schulte. "Aging and the Future of Decent Work." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178898.
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The United Nations identified decent work and economic growth as a sustainable development goal for 2030. Decent work is a term that sums up aspirations for people in their working lives. One of the factors that influences the achievement of decent work is aging. This article examines how aspects of aging and organizational factors affect work ability across the lifespan and throughout one’s work career. Additionally, the critical issue of worker physical mobility was also addressed as a practical limitation to functional aging. Through our investigation, we identified gaps in the literature where research and interventions should be promoted. These include early disability studies; population dashboards of workers’ health metrics; intervention and cost effectiveness in health promotion and prevention of early functional aging at work; policies for tailoring demands to individual needs and abilities; and inequities of social protection for aging workers.
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Chen, Zong Yu, Qian Xu, and Yao Zhi Huang. "Function Transformation to Adapt to Aging Development in Small Towns in Southern Jiangsu Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4079.
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With the unique geographic position and our own resources advantage, the functions undertaken by small towns in southern Jiangsu Province shall be transformed under the background of aging. By analyzing the key nodes of function transformation in small towns in southern Jiangsu Province and combining the requirements of current urban development situation, we make clear that the urban functions must transform to adapt to aging. Moreover, combing our own resource endowment of adaptive aging development, we make an analysis from the four aspects of location advantage, economic strength, land resource advantage and ecological environment advantage and propose the countermeasures for function transformation to adapt to aging development in small towns in southern Jiangsu Province in order to make them become a gathering place for the aged and the gather of silver age industry, and adapt to the challenges brought by aging development.
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Brunet, Anne. "Model Organisms: Grandeur in the Diversity of Aging Organisms." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2667.
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Abstract Aging is a complex process that converts vigorous and healthy individuals into frail and decrepit ones, with increased susceptibility to a constellation of diseases. Human aging is influenced by many factors, including genetics, environment, lifestyle, sex, and socio-economic status. While aspects of aging can be studied directly in humans, discovering the causative factors that modulate this process often requires interventions and modeling. Traditional models will likely continue to provide a wealth of translatable information. Studying ‘extremophiles’ has exciting potential for providing new concepts that could be implemented for lifespan regulation. The development of new experimental models uniquely tailored to aging studies is also an essential step. This symposium will discuss African killifish, planarian, naked mole rats, and domestic dogs as new models for aging and exceptional longevity and rejuvenation. The iteration between new models and humans could be particularly helpful in delineating strategies to promote healthy aging and extend the disease-free portion of life.
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Meçe, Merita. "Population aging in Albanian post-socialist society: Implications for care and family life." SEEU Review 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2015-0033.
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Abstract Population aging is becoming an inevitable phenomenon in Albanian post-socialist society, posing multi-faceted challenges to its individuals, families and society as a whole. Since 1991, the Albanian population has been exposed to intensive demographic changes caused by unintended aspects of socio-economic transition from a planned socialist economy to a market-oriented capitalist one (Hoff, 2008). Ongoing processes of re-organization of social institutions increased its socio-economic insecurity leading to the application of various coping mechanisms. While adjusting themselves to other aspects of life, people changed their decisions of having children and leaving the country (Hoff, 2008). On the other hand, replacement of former traditional extended family forms with diverse living arrangements and family structures has been the outcome of the combination of three factors: falling fertility, increasing life expectancy and increasing migration (INSTAT, 2014). However, family remains the basic social unit that provides support, care and protection for its old members even though its capacities are diminishing. Family Life Cycle Theory views family development as a series of stages where family members deal with various developmental tasks and play different roles as they move from one stage to another. This paper examines population aging in Albanian post-socialist society (after 1990). Based on Family Life Cycle Theory and Family Development Theory, it reviews literature and uses secondary data to discuss its implications for elderly care and family life. It concludes that population aging requires better understanding of this process in order to facilitate a series of family adaptations to respond to the changing needs of its elderly members.
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Islam, M. Nazrul, and Dilip C. Nath. "A Future Journey to the Elderly Support in Bangladesh." Journal of Anthropology 2012 (June 19, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/752521.
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Bangladesh is not an exception from the global phenomenon of demographic aging. It is a relatively new issue in the country as its demographic transition started recently. An important issue on aging study is the support facility to the elderly. The support system to the elderly is gradually decreasing in this country though the burden does not reach the alarming situation. This paper tries to show the future path of demographic support capacity for the elderly based on secondary (1981–2001) and projected (2011–2071) data. The study shows a future gloomy picture of the elderly support facility in terms of both economic and caring aspects. This dimension of future inevitable aging problem needs proper attention to the policy makers for taking sustainable aging policies. Introduction of this agenda to the nation’s five-year planning will be effective to face the problem phase by phase.
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Sumner, Edward D., Ronald P. Durand, Carol J. Lancaster, and George E. Dickinson. "Community Pharmacy Practice and an Aging Population." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 8, no. 3 (May 1992): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259200800308.
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Objective: To determine pharmacists' perceptions of the influence of older patients on community pharmacy practice. Data Sources: A mailing list obtained from the South Carolina Board of Pharmacy provided names of community pharmacists by practice setting and gender. Design: A questionnaire was mailed in July 1990 to a random sample of community pharmacists in South Carolina. The questionnaire contained 41 Likert-type opinion statements. Demographic questions relating to practice type and location, pharmacists' educational experiences, and position were included. Data Synthesis: The opinion statements were examined by grouping respondents on the basis of demographic information. Analysis of variance or Student's t-test was used to look for differences among survey responses among various groups of pharmacists. Scheffe's test was used to compare means when the groups were significantly different. The a priori level of significance was 0.05. Critical values were adjusted by the number of statements considered to preserve the error rate at five percent (Bonferroni procedure). Conclusions: The strongest indicator of the impact of the elderly population on community pharmacy is pharmacists' perceived need for more continuing education in geriatrics and gerontology. Economic problems, physician overprescribing, and patient compliance were ranked as the three most difficult aspects of geriatric pharmacy. This study reinforces the need to incorporate geriatric/gerontology education into every pharmacy curriculum.
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Lukyanets, Artem, and Nikita Ryazantsev. "Women’s situation in Japanese society: socio-demographic aspects." Woman in russian society, SU (January 3, 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2021.0.5.
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The article discusses the place of women in modern Japanese society. It is established that in recent years, the transformation of socio-economic processes in Japanese society has intensified, which consists in a gradual transition from traditional Japanese values based mainly on the family as the main unit of Japanese society to modern, Western-oriented ones that focus on women’s self-identification and self-determination. Analysis of opinion polls has shown that recently women in Japan at earlier reproductive ages do not consider the creation of a family and the birth of children a priority in life. The forecast of the female population up to 2025 is made by major age groups. With the overall decline in the female population of Japan, the number of women aged 65 and older will continue to grow until 2040, due to the demographic aging of the entire population of Japan, caused by a low birth rate and high life expectancy. It is established that the birth rate is decreasing from year to year, and, at the moment, there are no objective factors to change the situation.
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Lyu, Ying, Xuenan Sun, Hong Chu, and Bingzhao Gao. "Improvement of Battery Life and Energy Economy for Electric Vehicles with Two-Speed Transmission." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133409.
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With the current energy environment background and development of the electrification of the automotive industry, a comprehensive economic indicator, in which the battery aging is further considered on the basis of conventional energy consumption, is proposed to research the energy optimization problem of two-speed electric vehicles. Firstly, a battery life model that adapts to vehicles under high dynamic conditions is introduced. Then, the speed optimal control problem of the two-speed electric vehicles in the acceleration–cruise–deceleration process is established and solved. Finally, the simulation results of two different performance indicators are contrasted and the performance improvement of the two-speed gearbox to the electric vehicles is analyzed. The simulation results under various working scenarios and driving cycles demonstrate that, compared with the conventional economic indicator considering the energy consumption only, the proposed economic indicator can significantly improve the battery life. In addition, it can also be seen that, compared with the one-speed electric vehicles, the application of a two-speed gearbox provides better performance from the aspects of battery aging saving and energy consumption.
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Yousefi, Fatemeh, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi, and Saeed Pahlevan Sharif. "The Relationship Between Spiritual Health and Successful Aging." Salmand 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sija.2020.3.2183.2.
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Objectives: Successful aging is a positive inner feeling and satisfaction with the past and present life experiences. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the predicting factors of successful aging in a sample of Iranian elderly. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 291 elderly in Qazvin City, Iran, in 2018. The study participants were selected using the two-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection was performed using the demographic characteristics checklist, the Successful Aging Scale, and Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Wellbeing Scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive tests (frequency, percentage, central & dispersion indices) and a hierarchical linear regression model. Results: The study sample was 291 elderly with a Mean±SD age of 68.3±6.7 years. The obtained results indicated that the spiritual health of 81.1% of the explored elderly was strong; most of the examined elderly presented a good level of successful aging. Besides, spiritual health was a predictor of successful aging in the study participants. Regarding the aspects of spiritual health, existential health positively and significantly impacted successful aging (B=0.65, P<0.001). Furthermore, the obtained data revealed that the employed elderly (B:4.29), compared to housewives (B:-4.25), those with high economic status, compared to those with a moderate (B:-3.44) and low (B:-7.332) economic level, and the elderly without a history of physical (B:-4.55) and mental (B:-2.54) conditions obtained significantly higher scores in successful aging. Conclusion: The existential aspect of spiritual health is among the predictors of successful aging. Given the importance and sensitivity of the issues related to the elderly, by interventions focused on spiritual education, one can increase the quality of this period and enrich it.
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Gál, Katalin, and Rita Pásztor. "Silver Economy in Romania. Érmellék Case Study." Erdélyi Társadalom 18, no. 2 (2020): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.249.
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After the regime change in Romania significant changes in the structure of the population can also be observed, one aspect of which is aging. Our research examines the Romanian aspects of the silver economy on the example of Érmellék micro region. The studied North Bihor area is a disadvantaged micro-region where the social and economic changes of the last 30 years have not brought an easier life. These social changes can be seen in ethnic change, aging, the feminization of aging, and low educational attainment. According to economic indicators, people living here are characterized by low income and commuting lifestyle for working purposes. Accession to the European Union is mostly reflected in the increase in the number of border crossings points and cross-border labor force migration in this region. Thus, our research concerns the examination of the situation of the aging and elderly generation in Érmellék along the measures and services of the silver economy. After defining the concept of the silver economy and presenting the dimensions of the Active Aging Index, an analysis of the empirical data follows. Our study interprets the silver economy as a set of economic opportunities that address both the public and consumer expenditures associated with an aging population and the specific needs of the population over 50 years. During the data processing, through qualitative approach of the elderly population quality of life, we sought the answer to the question of the extent to which the silver economy, or some of its dimensions, can be accessed in Érmellék. In our study, we integrated the analysis of information from focus group interviews, professional and in-depth interviews in the framework of the exploratory research into the dimensions provided by the Active Aging Index. Along with the applied analytical logic, the presentation of the individual dimensions was supplemented with the processing of qualitative empirical material in addition to the secondary data, so we could get to know the conditions of active aging in Érmellék and the possibilities of the regional silver economy. Keywords: silver economy, active aging, quality of life of the elderly, social care, employment of the elderly, social participation of the elderly
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M. Zaharov, Viktor, Oleg V. Bykhtyn, Ivan I. Gulyaev, Natal'ya V. Shevchenko, Maksim V. Selyukov, and Larisa N. Shmigirilova. "STATE GOVERNANCE OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN AGING SOCIETY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (November 6, 2019): 1180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75156.
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Purpose of the study: The main approach of the research is a combination of methodological and applied aspects, including the development of public policy directions aimed at prolonging the active longevity of the Russian population.
Methodology: The research used a statistical analysis of the processing of official statistics of Rosstat, data of international organizations - the United Nations (Population Division), the World Bank, the World Health Organization (WHO); analytical - analysis of regulatory legal acts of Russian and international law in the field of regulation.
Results: The authors analyze global and Russian trends in an aging society. The influence of the demographic aging of the population on the socio-economic development of the state is revealed. The main directions of the state policy in relation to the aging problems of the population are determined, and the world experience of solving the indicated problems is studied.
Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of state governance of socio-demographic processes in an aging society is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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Ansell, Nicola, and Lorraine van Blerk. "“Where We Stayed was very Bad …”: Migrant Children's Perspectives on Life in Informal Rented Accommodation in Two Southern African Cities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 3 (March 2005): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36226.
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Most research and initiatives relating to children's experiences of urban space have focused on the physical environment. Housing policies in Third World countries have also emphasised the provision of physical infrastructure and buildings, and urban aesthetics. In this paper the authors draw on the voices of young informants from Maseru (Lesotho), and Blantyre (Malawi), who, in discussions concerning moving house, chose to talk about social and economic aspects of life in the informal sector rented accommodation that is increasingly characteristic of these and many other African cities. The children offer insight into the peopling of urban space, mapping unruly environments characterised by disorder, gossip, and social contestation, far removed from the hard technocratic spaces imagined by planners. Their observations are important not only because children represent a very large and relatively neglected proportion of African urban dwellers but also because they offer a unique insight into the dynamic character of urban environments. As close observers of adult decisionmaking processes, children are informed commentators on motivations for moving house as well as the impacts of urban environments on their own lives. Not only do the children highlight the inadequacies of the informal private rental sector but they also offer a window onto why it is inadequate.
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MORTIKOV, Vitalii. "ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 4 (April 24, 2021): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.04.088.
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The economic activity of the elderly is becoming increasingly important with the aging of the population and the extension of the education of young people. Older people have experience, knowledge, which is an important component of human capital of modern organizations and countries in general. Meanwhile, in Ukraine, according to statistics, the economic activity of the elderly has decreased significantly during the 2008-2018 period. Most elderly workers are among the specialists and representatives of the simplest professions. Data on the registered statistics of economic activity of elderly in the regions of Ukraine are weakly correlated with the situation on regional labor markets. This is due, in particular, to the significant shadow component of employment in this age group. There are both positive and negative aspects of economic activity of older people. Despite the benefits of using the labor of older people, they compete for jobs with people of active working age, their involvement is more expensive for employers. With this in mind, regulating the use of human resources of older workers is necessary to maintain the labor balance in the country as a whole, as well as in regions and individual organizations. The article determines which decisions of the elderly the state can influence: retirement earlier than the normal retirement period; exit after reaching this age; continuation of economic activity outside the retirement age, i.e later retirement. The tools of influencing the economic activity of the elderly are the pension system, the creation of jobs taking into account the interests of older workers, improving the quality of their work, combating age discrimination. It is shown that changes in the pension system of Ukraine in 2017 contribute to the intensification of economic activity of persons of pre-retirement and retirement age.
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Pitaud, Philippe. "Observations on Social Gerontology in France." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 26, no. 2 (March 1988): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/baf1-65q3-u1br-3mhf.
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In this article, the author attempts to make an assessment of some of the most important French contributions to social gerontology, isolating the main characteristics of the works encountered. We successively review some of the few studies concerning old women as well as studies dealing more generally with the social and economic aspects of aging. These lines show social gerontology in France as a forum for specialists from various disciplines; it is a specialty still in its infancy, but its multi-disciplinary approach will, no doubt contribute to its fruitfulness.
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Bonea, Georgiana Virginia. "Analiza sociodemografică a fenomenului îmbătrânirii populației cu implicații asupra sistemului românesc de pensii." Sociologie Romaneasca 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.19.1.5.
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The first part of the study has as it’s main objective to expose a brief socio-demographic analysis on the problem of aging population, both in Romania and in other European Union countries. The second part of the study follows the implications that the aging population phenomenon has on the Romanian state pension system. Also, the paper proposes an investigation of the risks to which the population aged 65 years and over is exposed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on specific comorbidities. To form an overview of these aspects, it will be used secondary data research, with information from public institutions such as: the National Institute of Statistics; Ministry of Internal Affairs; National House of Public Pensions; The Government of Romania; Financial Supervisory Authority; Eurostat; World Health Organization; United Nations Organization; Organization for Economic Co-operationand Development; as well as specific legislation and updated specialized literature. The last part of the study offers a series of conclusions which will result in several general solutions to the aging population problem.
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Verma, Monica. "Aging in India- The Role of State in Health care." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 5, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v5.n2.p2.
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<div><p><em>The <strong>world</strong> is amidst of an epochal demographic shift that will reshape societies, economies, and markets throughout the next century. The world population, as per United Nations forecasts, will either stabilize/ balance or peak around 2050, after growing for centuries at an ever-accelerating rate. The fundamental reason is the decline occurring in birth rates as nations advance economically. As birth rates drop and better health care services delay life </em><em>traverses ( prolongs life span), the world’s population is aging rapidly. However the demographic dynamics in the developing world including India are radically different. Birth rates are still high, and populations are both growing and getting younger. Throughout the following couple of decades, a considerable lot of these nations including India are prone to experience what David Bloom, chair of the department of global health and population at Harvard's School of Public Health, has called a "demographic profit" a rising Proportion of youngsters entering the workforce, driving efficiency and economic development. But our aging population is anticipated to increase fourfold in next decade and this is a growing concern for India. The share of India’s population ages 60 and older is anticipated to move from 8 percent in 2010 to 19 percent in 2050, as indicated by the United Nations Population Division (UN 2011. By mid-century, India’s 60 and older population is expected to encompass 323 million individuals, a number more noteworthy than the aggregate U.S. populace in 2012. This profound shift in the share of older Indians— occurring with regards to changing family connections and severely limited old-age income support— brings with it an assortment of social, economic, and medicinal services approach challenges. </em></p><p><em>This paper proposes to contemplate the probable impact of the aging population in India, the challenges to be met and the opportunities to be exploited by investigating demographic, social and economic trends and aspects of aging in India, and advocate the necessity of policy initiatives for the care of older persons in India in terms of their wellbeing needs and budgetary security as it would be obligation of the state to provide, address the need of general population in the nation irrespective of age, standing, caste, sexual orientation and so forth.</em></p></div>
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Chae, Wonjeong, Eun-Cheol Park, and Sung-In Jang. "The Association Between the Changes in General, Family, and Financial Aspects of Quality of Life and Their Effects on Cognitive Function in an Elderly Population: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, 2008–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031106.
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Background The growing aging population is a global phenomenon and a major public health challenge. Among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, Korea is the fastest aging country. We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in quality of life (QOL) and cognitive function in older adults. Method: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging collected from 2008 to 2016 were used. In 3453 participants (men: 1943; women: 1541), QOL was measured by three aspects: general, financial, and familial. Changes in QOL status were assessed by four categories: remained poor, worsened, improved, and remained good. The level of cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination score (MMSE, normal range cut-off value: 24 or above). For the statistical analysis, the generalized equation model (GEE) was performed. Results: For all three aspects of QOL measured, participants whose QOL score remained poor were associated with cognitive decline that their odds ratios (OR) were statistically significant (general: OR = 1.33; familial: OR = 1.39; financial: OR = 1.40). For subgroup analysis by gender, the highest OR in men was the financial aspect of QOL (OR = 1.45); in women, the highest OR was the familial aspect of QOL (OR = 1.75). Conclusion: This study showed an association between QOL and cognitive function in a Korean elderly population. Our findings suggest that QOL measurements with a gender-specific approach can be used as a tool to detect cognitive changes in older adults and help prevent or delay cognitive decline.
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Huang, Hong-Ming, and Jenn-Jaw Soong. "ASEAN Migrants: A Boon for Taiwan’s Aging Populace." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v1i2.68.
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Taiwan is home to a rapidly growing aging population as life expectancy rates increase and birth rates go down in this island. The government of Taiwan opted to bring in migrant workers to care for the elderly following a shortage in adequate domestic manpower who were willing to take on the positions of caregivers for the elderly. In time, eldercare in Taiwan switched hands: from the actual families of the elderly to migrant workers coming in from across the Southeast Asian region. Questions have arisen in light of this development. Is the government policy that allows for Southeast Asian migrants to care for the elderly in Taiwan a good one, or a bad one? Who benefits most from this deal: the elderly, their families or the migrant care workers? Is providing care for the elderly in their own homes by just one caregiver the only option? And can such a policy help both ends: the elderly person who requires safer care, and the migrant care worker whose labor rights require full protection? This paper, drafted out following the review of relevant literature and the conducting of interviews by Hong-Ming Huang and Jenn-Jaw Soon, analyzes the political-economic aspects of this policy and offers certain recommendations and conclusions. One conclusion is the fact that Southeast Asian workers take better care of the elderly in Taiwan when eldercare is provided through institutions, rather than if the care was provided by just one foreign caregiver engaged directly by families of the elderly. The positive effects of ‘institution-style’ workers are reflected in the work performance, life quality and management as well as labor rights protection.
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Lai, Shulin, Yuquan Zhou, and Yuan Yuan. "Associations between Community Cohesion and Subjective Wellbeing of the Elderly in Guangzhou, China—A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Structural Equation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030953.
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Population aging has become one of the most prominent population trends in China and worldwide. Given the retirement and physical limitation of the elderly, the neighborhood has gradually become the center of their daily lives and communication. Community cohesion plays an essential role in improving the elderly’s subjective wellbeing. However, most present studies on the concept and relationship between different dimensions of community cohesion are mainly in western countries. Meanwhile, most of the studies on the relationship between community cohesion and subjective wellbeing only focused on one aspect of community cohesion such as community interaction. To address this research gap, this study sampled 20 communities in Guangzhou, conducted a questionnaire survey on 969 elderly people, and explored the relationship between four aspects of community cohesion (community interaction, environmental satisfaction, belonging, and participation) and their associations with subjective wellbeing using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). In addition, we performed multi-group analysis to study the association differences among older individuals in communities with different socioeconomic types. We found that: (1) The conceptual relationship between different aspects of community cohesion among older adults is significant; (2) Community environmental satisfaction, interaction, and belonging associate with the elderly’s subjective wellbeing, whereas there is no significant association between community participation and subjective wellbeing; (3) Mental health is an important mediating factor connecting community cohesion and subjective wellbeing, whereas physical health is not. (4) The association pattern of older adults in communities with different socio-economic status are identical, whereas the association strengths are different. In high Socio-Economic Status Index (SESI) communities (communities where older adults with relatively high socioeconomic attributes gather, such as high income and education level), community belonging and participation are significantly associated with community environmental satisfaction and interaction, respectively. In low SESI communities (communities in which older adults with relatively low socioeconomic attributes gather, such as low income and education level), community interaction, belonging, and participation considerably link to community environmental satisfaction, interaction, and belonging, respectively. Regarding the association between community cohesion and subjective wellbeing, community interaction has stronger linkage with the elderly’s subjective wellbeing of in high-SESI aging community than low-SESI aging community. While community environmental satisfaction has stronger association with the elderly’s subjective wellbeing of the elderly in low-SESI aging community than high-SESI aging community. Therefore, it is sensible for community planning to focus on community environment improvement and vibrant community activities organization.
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Jang, Hye-Young. "Factors Associated with Successful Aging among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Based on Ecological System Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093220.
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This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with successful aging in older adults based on the ecological system model. Data from the 2017 National Survey of the Living Conditions of Korean Elderly were used. Participants comprised 10,074 older adults. The three principal components in the successful aging model developed by Rowe and Kahn, “absence of disease and disease-related disability,” “maintenance of high mental and physical function,” and “continued engagement with life,” were used to determine successful aging. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, t-test, and logistic regression. The study results showed that the correlation factors were age, sex, educational level, economic status, heavy drinking, subjective health status, and health screening in the individual system; living arrangement, satisfaction with spouse, and frequency of contacting family, siblings, and relatives in the family system; and the frequency of contacting neighbors and friends, number of close neighbors and friends, and accessibility of neighborhood facilities in the community system. This study is significant because it confirms that individual characteristics and the environmental systems surrounding older adults should be considered for successful aging; it is necessary to develop and apply healthcare intervention programs that consider both of these aspects.
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Drobyshevsky, S. M., P. V. Trunin, and A. V. Bozhechkova. "Secular stagnation in the modern world." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-11-125-141.
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The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.
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Li, Yun. "Leading the Construction of Economics and Management Laboratory in Colleges and Universities with the Concept of Green Development." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701025.
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Green development is the trend of the times. As an important carrier of practical teaching, economic and management laboratories in Colleges and universities should firmly establish the awareness of green development in laboratory construction, and put “green” into all aspects of laboratory construction. This paper discusses the problems of environmental pollution, equipment aging, low resource utilization rate, lack of awareness of green development and complex equipment maintenance in the construction of economics and management laboratories in colleges and universities, and discusses how to implement the green development strategy in the construction of economics and management laboratories, hoping to provide valuable reference for relevant personnel.
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Bishop, Christine, and Karen Zurlo. "Economic Uncertainties in Retirement: Risk Factors, Strategies, and Resilience." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2392.
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Abstract Even with forethought and planning, a lot can threaten economic wellbeing in the years ahead for older adults retiring at typical retirement ages. Although results for any individual cannot be predicted with certainty, some risks are quantifiable: for example, mortality/ longevity and disability risks are reasonably well-defined. Risk of dementia is not so well understood, and may be changing. Financial risk might be seen as manageable, but older adults relying on retirement income sources can be especially vulnerable to unprecedented shocks to the general economy. We consider four aspects of this dilemma. First, older adults retiring with outstanding debts may have difficulty weathering financial shocks. Our first presentation provides up-to-date information about trends in indebtedness at older ages, especially focusing on newly salient types of indebtedness: medical and student loan debt, and debt incurred to smooth finances in the recent recession. Stewardship of finances during retirement can be a challenging personal management undertaking. Our second presentation will consider how dementia can complicate this process. Protection against outliving one’s resources is more complex and costlier in the era of defined contribution retirement accounts. Our third presentation will discuss strategies to combine retirement assets, including Social Security claiming, to hedge longevity risk. Finally, needs for long-term services and supports may be met with either paid or informal (family) care, or both, but cannot be predicted with certainty. Our fourth presentation examines the long-term impacts on families due to the difficulty in insuring against this risk. Economics of Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Kechyna, E. A., and L. V. Filinskaya. "The quality of life of the older generation in Belarus." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-30-49.
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The demographic aging of population typical for many countries requires much more financial and material resources to meet the needs of the post-working-age population. For the Republic of Belarus, the problem of population aging is highly relevant for the share of the elderly grows annually. The article focuses on the social-demographic characteristics and quality of life of the older generation in Belarus. The article is based on the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus and the results of the sociological research “Belarus: Family, Stability of Family Relations, and Birth Rate in the Changing Social-Economic Conditions” conducted within the international research program “Generation and Gender”. The authors present a sociological-statistical approach to the analysis of the key characteristics of the elderly’s life in contemporary Belarus, which combines the information resources of sociology and statistics. The authors consider the general statistical data on the population aging and the elderly’s features and the sociological indicators revealing the perception of life at the older age. The assessment of the older generation’s life is presented as a set of indicators of the quality of life, which includes both objective statistical data and estimates of the older people’s satisfaction with various aspects of their life. For the first time in Belarus the quality of life of the 60-69- and 70-79-year-old cohorts is studied not only through statistical data but also taking into account their own assessments of various aspects of their lives, which allows to identify the most relevant issues for the social programs aimed at meeting the needs of the older generation.
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Шибалков, И. П., О. П. Недоспасова, И. А. Павлова, and Е. М. Рождественская. "SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF REALIZING THE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF ELDERLY PEOPLE." Успехи геронтологии, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34922/ae.2021.34.3.016.
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Предложена система индикаторов для оценки взаимосвязи качества жизни с позиций реализации ресурсного потенциала старшего поколения в условиях демографического старения населения и анализа разных аспектов социально-экономического развития регионов России. Проведена статистическая оценка данных индикаторов и уровня неравенства в контексте темы исследования по регионам России. A system of indicators is proposed to assess the relationship between quality of life from the point of view of realization of resource potential of elderly people in conditions of demographic aging of the population and to analyze various aspects of socio-economic development of the Russian regions. The statistical evaluation of these indicators and the level of inequality in the context of research topic in context of the regions of Russia is carried out.
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Silinevica, Irena. "RESEARCH OF SOME ASPECTS ABOUT THE ELDERLY EMPLOYED IN THE LATVIAN LABOUR MARKET." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 10 (September 18, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2018vol1.10.3465.
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The seniors are among the resources to reduce tension in certain labour market areas and promote further economic development. Taking into account the aging population trends, the role of seniors will increase in Latvia’s labour market. The aim of this research study is to explore the self-assessment of the elderly employed about their abilities to work competitively at pre-retirement age and go on to work at pension age. The research has verified some theoretical findings about the elderly people in the labour market by using content analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, and the abstract and logical construction methods. The self-assessment of the employed aged above 50 about their abilities to compete in labour market is analysed in the research. A survey of the pre-retirement and pension-aged employees is carried out in the research. The main findings of the research are as follows: the development of technologies and the raising standard of living in Latvia creates new social opportunities for pre-retirement and retirement-age people to go on to work. The stereotypes in society on the preretirement and retirement-age employees are out of date and need to be changed. There are recommendations for improvement of competitiveness of the elderly employed in the labour market developed in the paper.
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Takeyasu, Marina, Haisong Nie, Dawei Gao, and Chuangbin Chen. "Local Action for Realizing Sustainable Society: A Survey of Japanese "Futurecity" Initiative." International Journal of Agriculture System 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v6i2.394.
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To convert a society to a sustainable system, attempts are required not only at international and governmental levels, but also at regional levels. It is necessary to challenge multiple issues through cooperation among various actors, such as national governments, local governments, private enterprises and residents. In Japan, one of the initiatives to achieve “the sustainable” at regional level is the “FutureCity” initiative. This is a part of National Strategic Projects in “New Growth Strategy”, which Japanese government introduced in 2010. The purpose of the “Futurecity” initiative is to create the capacity in cities to deal with environmental issues and problems of aging society, as well as establishing sustainable socioeconomic system with environmental aspects, social aspects and economic aspects. Japanese government selected, as the “FutureCity”, the five cities (Yokohama city, Shimokawa town, Kashiwa city, Toyama city and Kitakyusyu city) for making pioneering effort on these challenges, and the six cities that were hit by the Great East Japan Earthquake and great Tsunami in 2011. This “Future city” is expected to provide model solution of human common issues as a forerunner. The object of this research is to define the current situations and problems of the “FutureCity” initiative, through a case study on Yokohama city in Kanagawa prefecture, which is characterized as a big city in Japan. Here, we examined how Yokohama city is tackling the environmental issues and problems of aging society as the “FutureCity” and what problems it has in maintaining their initiative itself as a local government. In addition, we considered how, at international level, Japanese “FutureCity” initiative can contribute to realizing sustainable society
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Grenčiková, Adriana, Ilona Skačkauskienė, and Jana Španková. "THE FEATURES OF LABOR EMIGRATION FROM THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." Business: Theory and Practice 19 (November 20, 2018): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2018.27.
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Migration is historically a social phenomenon that not only has a significant effect on politics, economics, and social aspects but also presents challenges to the security of states and alters population composition in countries. Labor migration and its investigation are becoming a society-wide phenomenon because of the labor force shortage as well as the aging population. The Slovak Republic is a country that faces the outflow of qualified workers abroad, and the country’s index of aging is one of the most dynamic in Europe. The current study aims at examining the relations and the reasons for emigration to work from the Slovak Republic. To identify the causes of labor emigration in the Slovak Republic, a survey was conducted to explore the decisions of people to emigrate for work, the duration of the stay abroad and the possibility of returning to Slovakia. This study also analyses the relationship between GDP growth and improvement of the economic situation in Slovakia, the number of labor emigrants, as well as the relationship between the minimum wage and the number of labor migrants.
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Fonseca Travassos, Guilherme, Alexandre Bragança Coelho, and Mary Paula Arends-Kuenning. "The elderly in Brazil: demographic transition, profile, and socioeconomic condition." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 37 (October 28, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0129.
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This paper presents a revision about the elderly population in Brazil, addressing aspects of the demographic transition as it relates to socio-economic conditions and some consequences and trends associated with policies affecting Brazil’s elderly. Since a demographic transition has been occurring as a result of the aging of the Brazilian population, we identify a majority profile of Brazilian elderly as White women who live in urban areas in couple-without-children households, and possessing on average an education of 6.1 years and a smaller than minimum wage. We show that the vast majority of the elderly in Brazil receive some form of government income transfer that have a positive effect on poverty reduction in the segment. Finally, we show that there will be some future natural consequences and trends affecting the profile of the aging population, and that adjustments will need to be made by the government in terms of health and social security spending in order to mitigate the increased demands in these areas as the country's demographic change.
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ADYLGAZY, Serikhan, Kanat KOZHABEK, Zhazira OMIRALI, Galym TELEUYEV, and Ainur DARHANBAYEVA. "Legal Framework for Regulating the Protection of the Rights of Older People: The Case of Kazakhstan." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).27.
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The rapid aging of the population and the constant increase in life expectancy throughout the world is one of the greatest socio-economic and political transformations of our time. This article discusses the preparation of an integrated system to address the challenges of protecting the rights of older people. Also, based on the study of scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists on protecting the rights of older people at the international level and taking into account international standards and the implementation of international human rights treaties, analysis of the compliance of national legislation with international standards, an in-depth analysis of the legal powers of state bodies and other organizations of Kazakhstan related to protecting the rights of senior citizens. Insufficient attention in the field of domestic science is paid to the protection of the rights of the elderly. In addition, there are no state programs aimed at improving the protection of the rights of the elderly or addressing the problems of an aging population, and no relevant measures have been taken. The experience of foreign countries in the field of protecting the rights of elderly people is diverse, using it to improve the mechanism of legal regulation and the sphere of social services of Kazakhstan, we propose to put in place good aspects. However, taking into account the differences associated with legal and economic conditions, it is very important to implement in accordance with the legal system of the country.
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Triningtyas, Diana Ariswanti, and Siti Muhayati. "Konseling Lansia: Upaya Lanjut Usia dalam Membangun Kemandirian Hidup dan Penerimaan Diri Terhadap Kesiapan Memasuki Masa Pensiun (Studi Pada Lansia di Bina Keluarga Lansia Posyandu Cempaka Kabupaten Ngawi)." JKI (Jurnal Konseling Indonesia) 4, no. 1 (November 5, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jki.v4i1.2739.
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In Indonesia, there are currently around 21 million elderly people or about 9.6% of the entire population of Indonesia. This shows that the Indonesian state has begun to belong to the aging population group. This research is motivated by the motivation of how to work for the elderly in building the independence of life. The purpose of the research is to describe and analyze the psychological impacts that affect the readiness to enter retirement, as well as how to build life independence and self-acceptance towards readiness to retire. The research design is qualitative descriptive. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Sources of data are obtained from informants, places, events and documents. Data collection techniques through participatory observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through stages, namely the data reduction stage, data presentation stage, and conclusions. Data validity, with technical triangulation, is by checking data to the same source with different techniques. The results of the study indicate that the independence of life of the elderly is relative. Psychological impacts that arise in the readiness to enter retirement for the elderly include aspects of health, economic aspects and social aspects. Understanding and building self-reliance and self-acceptance of readiness to retire in the Ngawi Cempaka Posyandu Family Elderly through Elderly Counseling.
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Blahoianu, Andrei, and Alejandro Huerta. "OECD/NEA Activities to Support Long Term Operation." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0707.
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The Integrity and Aging of Components and Structures Working Group (IAGE) of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established under the Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) for three reasons: (i) to advance the current understanding of those aspects relevant to ensuring the integrity of structures, systems, and components ; (ii) to provide for guidance in choosing the optimal ways to handle challenges to the integrity of operating as well as new nuclear power plants, and (iii) to take an integrated approach to design, safety, and nuclear power plant life management. The group operates through annual plenary meetings and technical workshops and by issuing state-of-the-art reports and topical opinion papers. This paper details some recent IAGE activities and products, focusing on those dealing with the degradationmechanisms of metal and concrete components.
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Li, Xuyang, Tongping Li, Hui Li, Junmei Qi, and Linjie Hu. "Research on the Online Consumption Effect of China’s Urbanization under Population Aging Background." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164349.
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With the development of e-commerce, online consumption—a new sustainable consumption mode—has rapidly developed. Online shopping has become an important consumption method for Chinese residents, and the era of online consumption has arrived. Urbanization is an important foundation for the development of online consumption, and its impact on online consumption is becoming increasingly important. In addition, with the decline of fertility in China, the proportion of the elderly population is increasing. As the macro background of the current economic operation of China, population aging has long been a concern of the government. However, the existing research on urbanization, population aging and online consumption is insufficient. In this context, this study is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the online consumption mode and enrich the theory of resident consumption in the era of the network economy. In this paper, by adopting the system generalized method of moments (GMM), we conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between urbanization, population aging, and online consumption, based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017. Furthermore, we examined the regional heterogeneity of urbanization’s online consumption effect. The results reveal that, first, urbanization has a positive relationship with online consumption. Second, urbanization’s online consumption effect has regional differences, with the largest positive effect being in the western area of China, the second in the eastern area of China and the smallest in the central area of China. Third, aging inhibits the development of online consumption. Specifically, it mainly includes two aspects. On the one hand, aging has a direct negative impact on online consumption. On the other hand, aging has a moderating effect on urbanization’s online consumption effect, which weakens the impact of urbanization. The rising of urban residents’ income has significant explanatory power to the change of online consumption in the eastern and western regions. Therefore, the policy implications are as follows: promoting the strategic transformation of urbanization, giving full play to the online consumption effect of urbanization; adjusting and improving population policy to cope with the population aging; constantly raising people’s income level and enhancing consumption potential.
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Bilousovа, O. S. "Budget Support for Active Aging Processes in the Context of the Sustainability of Public Finances." Statistics of Ukraine 87, no. 4 (March 12, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.4(87)2019.04.08.
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The article is devoted to the problems of budget support of active aging processes and sustainability of public finances of Ukraine. This problem is urgent because of the accelerating pace of demographic aging, cross-country migration, limited budgetary resources, which in their totality increase the burden on the younger generation, create financial risks for the government and households. This problem remains out of research focus in spite of the rising need to increase budget expenditures, maintain the long-term sustainability of public finances, enforce new regulatory measures on the labor market and the health care system, provide social and educational services, and reduce the poverty among the elderly. New approaches to citizen support should be in line with the European norms, which, in their totality, contribute to the active longevity of the population, reduction of the tax burden, relief of the pressure on the next generations and continuity between generations.
The financial support of social services provided to the elderly is analyzed, with identifying its problematic aspects. In order to improve approaches to financing social services, a Matrix of Choice of Social Services for Active Aging and Forms of Financing is constructed. To expand the sources of funding for active aging processes, it is proposed to introduce co-financing of selected social projects by government and businesses.
It is substantiated that the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the provisions of the Active Aging Strategy, should be consistent and taken into consideration in formulating social and budgetary policies that need to be based on the targets of the Active Aging Index.
In order to implement the budget mechanism “money goes after a person”, aimed to enhance the targeting of social assistance programs, amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine, the Economic Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine “On social services”, “On improving the accessibility and quality of health care in rural areas” are proposed. Recommendations on using the compensatory mechanisms to enhance the ability of the government to provide the adequate financial support for active aging without breaking the sustainability of public finances are elaborated.
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OGUZ, N. YASEMIN, STEVEN H. MILES, NUKET BUKEN, and MURAT CIVANER. "End-of-Life Care in Turkey." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 12, no. 3 (July 2003): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180103123109.
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Most physicians confront the moral and technical challenges of treating persons who are coming to the natural end of their lives. At the level of the health system, this issue becomes a more pressing area for reform as premature death decreases and more people live a full life span. Well-developed countries and international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have made recommendations for improving healthcare problems in aging societies. Turkey belongs to the WHO and the OECD. This article describes end-of-life healthcare in Turkey, the design of the healthcare system to meet this need, challenges that should be addressed, and solutions that would be appropriate to Turkish culture and resources.
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Petrenko, S. V., O. V. Kharchenko, M. G. Sobko, and S. I. Medvid. "Ecological aspects of agricultural cultures for growing." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology, no. 4(38) (December 25, 2019): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2019.4.7.
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The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the department of agriculture of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East on black earth typical of large-dusted-medium-loam on forest species
Arable soil layer (0–20 cm) has the following agrochemical parameters: Thurin humus 4.1–4.7 %, pH salt 6,0, water pH 7,9, content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen according to Cornfield ‒ 11.2, mobile compounds P2O5 and K2O according to Chirikov respectively 11.8 and 10.0 mg per 100 g of soil. Granulometric composition of soil according to Kachinsky large-dust-medium-loam: in the layer of 0‒20 sm of physical clay (particles 0.05–0.01) 49.1–52.1 %, silt (particles less than 0,001 mm) 23.4–25.5 %. The main elements of cultivation technology are generally accepted in the area of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Agrotechnical measures were strictly adhered to in a timely manner. The experiment was accompanied by a set of related observations and analytical studies.
In the presented work describes the evaluation of ecological cultivation on the level of maturity of domestic corn hybrids from a condition of deficit-free balance of major nutrients. It is established that for such an assessment it is important first of all to determine the level of intensity of each hybrid according to the level of use of such a resource as mineral nutrition. In General, this indicator represents the ratio of the actual and normative level of yield. At the same time for the normative yield adopted calculated by one or another method of its value. Comparison of the actual norms of mineral fertilizers with the number of elements taken out with the harvest was carried out by a special technique, which at the same time allowed to determine the equivalent level of productivity, that is, its value, which corresponds to the deficit-free rate of fertilizers.
It should be noted that the existing recommendations on the use of mineral fertilizers take into account the qualitative removal of the main elements of food from the crop, but this is not always consistent with the reaction of the crop to the established norms.
In this case, the greater the value FAR the hybrid is characterized, the more efficiently the batteries are used, the more the deficit is formed.
The results of studies have shown that the later the level of aging is a hybrid the greater the crop is formed, the greater the equivalent rate of mineral fertilizers should be. Depending on the level of ripeness, the actual deficiency of essential nutrients ranges from 52 to 89 kg/ha. Making practical decisions based on the results of research in each case is determined by the adopted or existing parity between the environmental and economic criteria for growing crops.
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Huang, Yang Fei. "Analysis on the Effect of Carrying out Village Planning — Case Study of HangMin Village." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2977.
Full textAbstract:
Urban and Rural Planning Act" requests all of the village should compile planning. An unprecedented number of village planning have been formulated and come into practice in China. How is the implementation effect? This paper takes HangMin village of Xiaoshan district in Hangzhou as a case, firstly analyzes main problems of the village: Industry scattered is difficult to form scale effect; Distribution of rural settlements is scattered and small scale; The infrastructure of village is aging and not matching; The public service facilities are not perfect. Then the paper analyzes the village planning effect from the following aspects: economic development and industry planning, planning of residential area, infrastructure supporting, the distribution of public service facilities. And then put forward some considerations: Planning content indiscriminately imitated urban planning, and the results are not reasonable; Farmers' participation is not high, and the farmers' willingness is reflected inadequate.