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Journal articles on the topic 'Aging Insulation condition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yuan, Zonghui, Qian Wang, Zhigang Ren, et al. "Investigating Aging Characteristics of Oil-Immersed Power Transformers’ Insulation in Electrical–Thermal–Mechanical Combined Conditions." Polymers 15, no. 21 (2023): 4239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214239.

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The condition and health of large oil-immersed power transformers’ insulation have a direct impact on the safety and stability of the power grid. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the aging characteristics of oil–paper insulation in power transformers. In this study, we developed a computational model for reclosing current calculation and multiphysics coupling models for magnetic-circuit-force, electrostatic field, and temperature field simulations. The calculated aging resulted in a mechanical stress of 8.71 MPa, an electric field strength of 2.26 × 106 V/m, and a temperature of 113.7 °

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2

Zhang, Enze, Jiang Liu, Chaohai Zhang, Peijun Zheng, Yosuke Nakanishi, and Thomas Wu. "State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031396.

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Chemical compounds dissolved in insulating oil, as indicators can excellently monitor the paper aging condition, which has attracted increasing interest in areas of transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Because of their outstanding features, such as good correlation with the degree of polymerization of cellulose paper and the aid of non-destructive online monitoring, chemical indicators have been effectively used for transformer condition assessment. In this study, a comprehensive, in-depth insight into the indicators of the aging of insulating paper from aging characteristics,

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3

Liu, Jiefeng, Xianhao Fan, Yiyi Zhang, Hanbo Zheng, Zixiao Wang, and Xixi Zhao. "A Modified Aging Kinetics Model for Aging Condition Prediction of Transformer Polymer Insulation by Employing the Frequency Domain Spectroscopy." Polymers 11, no. 12 (2019): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122082.

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The aging kinetics model is of great interest to scholars since it is capable of describing the variation law between the degree of polymerization (DP) and the aging duration of transformer polymer (cellulose) insulation. However, it is difficult to determine the moisture content inside the transformer polymer insulation without destroying it, so that the model parameters cannot be confirmed. Such limitation greatly restricts its application. It is interesting to note that as long as the moisture content of the transformer polymer insulation could be characterized (replaced) by a certain featu

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4

Guo, Jin Ming, and Fei Feng Wang. "Research on Cable Insulation Aging Under Acid-base Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102053.

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In order to further study the effect of different degree of acidity and alkalinity on cable insulation aging, the aging condition of cable insulation was compared and analyzed under different pH values. The samples of cable insulation material slice and short cable were carried out the accelerated aging test, which were placed in the conditions of different pH values. And then the test results of micro morphology and electrical properties between the different samples were compared and analyzed after aging. According to the test results in this paper, the micro morphology of the cable insulati

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5

Lee, Seung-Won, Ik-Su Kwon, Byung-Bae Park, et al. "Calculation of Aging Coefficient for Establishing Aging Condition Index of Thermoplastic Insulated Power Cables." Applied Sciences 15, no. 14 (2025): 8106. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15148106.

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The growing demand for direct current transmission emphasizes the need for advanced insulation suitable for high-capacity, long-distance applications. Thermoplastics, especially polypropylene, offer several advantages over conventional materials like XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) and EPR (ethylene propylene rubber), including higher thermal stability, recyclability, and reduced space charge accumulation. However, due to the inherent rigidity and limited flexibility of PP, its mechanical aging becomes a critical factor in assessing its long-term reliability as a cable insulation. In this stu

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6

Hussian, Abbasi. "Insulation Materials of Transformer Using Chemical Mechanism of Moisture Absorption." International Journal of Engineering Works 1, no. 1 (2014): 15–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15744.

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The composite insulation system of power transformers consisting of two insulation materials (cellulose and mineral oil) are the main insulation material of power transformer, the increase of moisture will reduce their insulation strength. Moisture equilibrium curves are the basis of power transformer moisture detection, however, the service data and theory analysis both indicate the present curves are not fit for old transformer. Therefore this research work is focused the law and mechanism of the impact of aging on moisture equilibrium of cellulose and mineral oil. In this paper theory of mo

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7

Montanari, Gian Carlo, and Sukesh Babu Myneni. "Operation at Reduced Atmospheric Pressure and Concept of Reliability Redundancy for Optimized Design of Insulation Systems." Energies 18, no. 9 (2025): 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092371.

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Electrified transportation is calling for insulation design criteria that is adequate to provide elevated levels of power density, power dynamics and reliability. Increasing voltage levels are expected to cause accelerated intrinsic and extrinsic aging effects which will not be easily predictable at the design stage due to a lack of suitable modeling. Designing reliable insulation systems would require finding solutions able to control accelerated aging due to an unpredictable increase of intrinsic stresses and the onset of extrinsic stresses as partial discharges. This paper proposes the conc

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8

Bilan, T., I. Rezvik, O. Sakhno, O. But, and S. Bogdanov. "Main Approaches to Cable Aging Management at Nuclear Power Plants in Ukraine." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 4(84) (December 19, 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2019.4(84).07.

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The mechanisms of cable ageing at nuclear power plants (NPPs) mainly depending on the insulation material, as well as the damaging factors affecting cables that are determined by the operating conditions are considered in the paper. The main and additional mechanisms of aging resulting from the effects of damaging factors are provided. The paper presents the main methods of cable aging management: determining the actual service life and testing using field methods and other means. The basic principles for the arrangement of cable aging management at Ukrainian NPPs, as well as the methods used

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9

Münster, Tobias, Peter Werle, Kai Hämel, and Jörg Preusel. "Thermally Accelerated Aging of Insulation Paper for Transformers with Different Insulating Liquids." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113036.

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The article presents issues related to the aging behavior of oil-paper insulations in transformers using different oil- and ester-based insulating fluids. Despite numerous conducted studies on the subject of oil-paper aging, the use of new insulating fluids is creating open questions. In addition, new liquids such as synthetic and natural esters, as well as oil of the newest generation, are being used. Furthermore, there is still little research on the formation of aging markers with this form of the dielectric. For this reason, in this contribution, oil-paper insulations with mineral oil-base

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10

Jiang, Zaijun, Xin Li, Heng Zhang, et al. "Research Progress and Prospect of Condition Assessment Techniques for Oil–Paper Insulation Used in Power Systems: A Review." Energies 17, no. 9 (2024): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092089.

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Oil–paper insulation is the critical insulation element in the modern power system. Under a harsh operating environment, oil–paper insulation will deteriorate gradually, resulting in electrical accidents. Thus, it is important to evaluate and monitor the insulation state of oil–paper insulation. Firstly, this paper introduces the geometric structure and physical components of oil–paper insulation and shows the main reasons and forms of oil–paper insulation’s degradation. Then, this paper reviews the existing condition assessment techniques for oil–paper insulation, such as the dissolved gas ra

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11

Vlasov, A. B., and S. A. Buev. "The estimation of ship cable condition by the means of measuring its insulation characteristics." Vestnik MGTU 23, no. 4 (2020): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-4-335-344.

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Timely detection of defects in electrical equipment and cable network is required for the ensuring the fire safety of a modern marine vessel. The method of continuous monitoring of the resistance value of cable insulation is not very informative and is not applicable for assessing the service life of cables and predicting their replacement during operation and repair. Currently the problem of developing modern non-destructive methods of insulation control is very urgent in order to determine the operability of the cable, search for diagnostic parameters characterizing the state of insulation d

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12

Oleksyuk, I. V. "Aging of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulation Cable Lines." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 64, no. 2 (2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2021-64-2-121-129.

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Abstract. Preference is given to cable lines with cross-linked polyethylene insulation in electrical networks with a nominal voltage of 10 kV during reconstruction of existing and construction of new industrial enterprises. The standard service life of such cables is at least 30 years (subject to the conditions of storage, transportation, installation and operation), and the actual one is determined by the technical condition of the cable. The service life of a cable line depends on the state of its insulation, the aging of which occurs under the influence of several factors. Conventionally, a

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13

Fan, Yufan, Yi Li, Yiyi Zhang, and Keshuo Shi. "Mechanism Analysis of Ethanol Production from Cellulosic Insulating Paper Based on Reaction Molecular Dynamics." Polymers 14, no. 22 (2022): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224918.

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The paper/oil system is the main component of transformer insulation. Indicator plays a vital role in assessing the aging condition of local hot spots of transformer insulation paper. The cellulosic insulating paper is mainly composed of cellobiose. This study uses the molecular dynamics method based on reactive force field (ReaxFF) to pyrolyze the insulating paper. Various production paths of ethanol were studied at the atomic level through ReaxFF simulations. A model consisting of 40 cellobioses was established for repeated simulation at 500 K–3000 K. Besides, to explore the relationship bet

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14

Mustafa, Ehtasham, Ramy S. A. Afia, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. "Condition Monitoring Uncertainties and Thermal - Radiation Multistress Accelerated Aging Tests for Nuclear Power Plant Cables: A Review." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 64, no. 1 (2019): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.14038.

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The low voltage cables in the nuclear power plant have the same importance as veins have in the human body. Since, the cables inside the containment are under a number of environmental stress, out which the thermal and radiation stresses are important and become more effective with the presence of oxygen. These stresses cause the degradation of the insulation and hence may lead to insulation failure. To study the behavior of the cables under the nuclear power plant environmental stress, the cables are subjected to accelerated aging tests in laboratories which helps in determining their withsta

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15

Poliakov, M. O., and V. V. Vasylevskyi. "Method for assessing unevenness of cellulose insulation layers aging of power transformers winding." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 5 (September 6, 2022): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2022.5.08.

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Introduction. Improving the methods of estimating the insulation aging of the oil-immersed power transformer windings is an urgent task for transformer condition monitoring systems. The scientific novelty of the work is to take into account the uneven distribution of temperature and humidity along the vertical axis of the winding in modeling the aging of insulation and to develop methods for determining the conditions under which the aging rate of insulation in the intermediate layer will exceed aging rate in the hottest layer. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the wear unevenness of cell

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16

Nađ, Slaven, Josip Treger, and Stjepan Car. "Testing of insulation systems in accelerated aging conditions." Journal of Energy - Energija 73, no. 3 (2024): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.37798/2024733517.

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The paper describes the testing procedure of the insulation system of electrical rotating machines with form-wound windings in accordance with the standards IEC 60034-18-31 and IEC 60034-18-42. Testing is based on a comparison of reference insulation system which has given satisfactory service experience and candidate insulation system which is intended to be used instead of existing insulation system. To prove or disprove the reliability of candidate systems in reasonable time, the accelerated aging test is carried out, considering various factors that reduce the life of the insulation system

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17

Mohd Aszwan Jimal, Nur Aqilah Mohamad, Ahmad Razani Haron, et al. "Investigation Seebeck Effect of Industrial High Voltage Transformer Oil Towards Industrial Insulator Oil Condition Detection." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 115, no. 1 (2024): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.115.1.131140.

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Transformer oil serves as the main dielectric and interacts with solid insulation, encounters the environment, and conveys a lot of information. However, undesirable contamination of transformer oil like water or moisture in the transformer oil will reduce the transformer's effectiveness. This study is the first investigation of the potential of using the thermoelectric effect for transformer oil condition testing towards high voltage insulator oil condition detection. This study has found that the used oil sample with various percentages of water content produced a different Seebeck coefficie

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18

Nie, Liang Liang, Teng Yue Ren, Shi Di Tao, et al. "The Influence of Multi-Factor Aging on Partial Discharge Property for Epoxy/Mica Insulation of Generator Stator Bars." Materials Science Forum 868 (August 2016): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.868.6.

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As one of the most important parts of the generator, Epoxy/mica insulation system has the direct effect on the reliability of generator operation. The accelerated aging of insulation system was taking place under the complex operation condition, and resulting in the insulation system breakdown. It had always been the target for the researchers to find an efficient way to evaluate the state of generator insulation system. According to the real operation situation, the multi-factor aging test sequence with electric field, temperature field, mechanical vibration and thermal cycling was developed,

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19

M., O. Poliakov, and V. Vasylevskyi V. "Method for assessing unevenness of cellulose insulation layers aging of power transformers winding." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 5 (September 7, 2022): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2022.5.08.

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<strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><em>. Improving the methods of estimating the insulation aging of the oil-immersed power transformer windings is an urgent task for transformer condition monitoring systems. The <strong>scientific</strong> <strong>novelty</strong> of the work is to take into account the uneven distribution of temperature and humidity along the vertical axis of the winding in modeling the aging of insulation and to develop methods for determining the conditions under which the aging rate of insulation in the intermediate layer will exceed aging rate in the ho

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20

Zhao, Liang, Wenhui Jiang, Yulong Wang, Ziqi Wang, and Yongqiang Wang. "Study on Micro Topography of Thermal Aging of Insulation Pressboard Based on Image Processing." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176317.

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The insulation pressboard is very important in the insulation of oil-immersed transformers, which determines the useful life of the transformer. In order to analyze the change in the micro topography of the pressboard under the condition of thermal aging in detail, the insulation pressboard samples of different thermal aging periods were made. Image enhancement, denoising, segmentation, optimization, edge detection, expansion, and corrosion were used to process SEM images of the pressboard after thermal aging, so as to extract the fiber width, hole size, and surface roughness. By comparing the

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21

Li, Jin Mei, Jia Qing Zhang, Qiang Li, and Zi Dong Guo. "Thermal Aging Effects on Fire Performance of the Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulated Cable." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2399.

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To evaluate the fire performance of the cable in service, the ignition time, heat release rate and insulation failure parameters of the accelerated thermal aging cable on stimulated fire condition were studied. The results show that, the extended ignition time and decreasing peak of heat release rate of the cable in the early stage of aging are the addictive including the lubricant, plasticizer and anti-oxygen. In the aggravating of thermal aging, labile materials with low heating value will be exhausted, while the thermal stability of insulation sheath material decreases, its corresponding ig

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22

Meng, Xiaokai, Zhiqiang Wang, and Guofeng Li. "Life assessment of marine ethylene propylene rubber power cables based on hardness retention rate." Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 3 (2017): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0035.

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AbstractThe lifetime of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) insulated cables will decrease because of complex aging processes. From the safety perspective, insulation condition assessment of the cable is essential to maintain an efficient and reliable operation. As a nondestructive and online evaluation method, a hardness retention rate was used to estimate the lifetime of cable. First, accelerated thermal aging tests in the laboratory were performed to measure the elongation at break retention rate (EAB%) and a hardness retention rate at different temperatures. Second, the aging values were proce

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23

Lukashov, Nikolay, Vitaly Suslov, Artem Masonov, Oleg Magankov, and Sergey Sergeev. "IMPROVING THE INSULATION RELIABILITY OF THE TRACTION ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR OF A LOCOMOTIVE BY OPTIMIZING ITS DESIGN PARAMETERS." Transport engineering 2025, no. 5 (2025): 57–62. https://doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2025-5-57-62.

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Traction asynchronous electric motors (TAEM) have a key place among locomotive electric drives, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of railway transportation. During TAEM operation, their insulation materials can be exposed to various influences, which lead to aging, degradation and, eventually, to possible emergency situations. In this regard, the assessment of the insulation condition of the rods of the traction asynchronous electric motor of a locomotive with different sections of the rotor windings is an urgent task. A study of the condition of TAEM insulation coatings and the determin

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24

Prasojo, Rahman Azis, Liska Safarina, Agung Fiqh Paramonta Islam, Rohmanita Duanaputri, Mochammad Mieftah, and Eko Yulianto. "Implementasi Metode Scoring Matrix dalam Menentukan Indeks Kondisi Minyak Isolasi pada Transformator Daya 150 kV." Elposys: Jurnal Sistem Kelistrikan 10, no. 1 (2023): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v10i1.717.

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Transformers are critical equipment in electrical power system which assist in transmitting electrical energy from generators to consumers. Oil insulation is one of the key component in power transformer. Poor quality of oil insulation can be fatal to the transformer, especially when a disturbance occurs. Oil insulation can affect the aging of power transformers and the failure can disturb the continuity of electrical energy supplied to consumers. There are three things that affect the condition of transformer oil insulation, namely chemical, electrical, and physical. The test results of oil i

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25

Montanari, Gian Carlo, and Sukesh Babu Myneni. "Return on Investment and Sustainability of HVDC Links: Role of Diagnostics, Condition Monitoring, and Material Innovations." Sustainability 17, no. 7 (2025): 3079. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073079.

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HVDC cable systems are becoming an upscaled technical option, compared to AC, because of various factors, including easier interconnections, lower losses, and longer transmission distances. In addition, renewables providing direct DC energy, electrified transportation, and aerospace where DC can be favored because of higher carried specific power all point in the direction of broad future usage of HV and MV DC links. However, contrary to AC, there is little return from on-field installation as regards long-term cable reliability and aging processes. This gap must be covered by intensive resear

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26

Golovko, Sergey Vladimirovich, Julia Aleksandrovna Golovko, Maksim Almansurovich Nadeev, and Nikolay Gennadievich Romanenko. "Romanenko N. G. Increasing efficiency of ship cables defectation." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 4 (2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-4-98-106.

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The ship power supply system is a complex system that supplies electrical energy to various mechanisms and devices using wires and cables. The reliability of power supply largely depends on the technical condition of the cable lines. During operation, cable lines are regularly exposed to mechanical stress, both from external factors and from people. Some of the most common causes of cable damage are: aging insulation, overvoltage, thermal stress, boat vibration, and corrosion and moisture. Leaving the operating state of the cable line can lead to emergencies. A cable with damaged insulation ca

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27

Wang, Liang, Chao Tang, Shiping Zhu, and Shengling Zhou. "Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy of Transformer Insulation Paper after Thermal Aging Intervals." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112124.

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An accelerated thermal aging process was used to simulate the condition of paper insulation in transformer oil-paper systems. Optical parameters of the insulation paper after various aging intervals were analyzed with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) over the range 0.1~1.8 THz. The result shows that the paper had seven absorption peaks at 0.19, 0.49, 0.82, 1.19, 1.43, 1.53, and 1.74 THz, and density functional theory of B3LYP/6-311G+ (d, p) was used to simulate the molecular dynamics of the repeating component (cellobiose) of the cellulose paper. Theoretical spectra were consistent

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28

RYZHKOVA, Ye N., and E. P. MLADZIEVSKIY. "ESTIMATION OF DAMAGE FROM THERMAL AGING OF INSULATION IN SINGLE-PHASE EARTH FAULTS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology, no. 1 (2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-345-1-164-169.

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A method is proposed for calculating the component of the total damage from single-pole short-circuits associated with intense thermal aging of the network insulation from the flow of higher harmonic currents. Losses caused by reduced service life of equipment insulation are directly related to the neutral condition of the network. Based on the theory of reliability, it is shown that the optimal solution from the point of view of suppressing higher harmonics and improving the operating conditions of insulation is the high-resistance resistive grounding mode. The developed methodology can be us

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29

Liang, Boyuan, Rui Lan, Qian Zang, et al. "Influence of Thermal Aging on Dielectric Properties of High Voltage Cable Insulation Layer." Coatings 13, no. 3 (2023): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030527.

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Thermal aging is one of the main reasons for the degradation of insulation properties of high voltage cable. Dielectric properties and breakdown strength are important parameters to reflect the insulation performance of the cable insulation materials. In the work, the influence of thermal aging on dielectric and breakdown performance of the cable insulation layer was studied. Firstly, XLPE cable insulation samples were prepared and the thermal aging treatment was carried out. Secondly, the microstructure and molecular structure of XLPE samples under different thermal aging time were analyzed.

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30

Al-Onazi, Yousef, Nissar Wani, Abdulrahman Al-Arainy, and Yasin Khan. "Insulation Performance Analysis of Field Aged and New MV XLPE Cables Using Various Diagnostic Techniques." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129402008.

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Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are widely used in the distribution and transmission networks of power systems. The insulation materials of these cables are stressed by the over voltages and are also exposed to various environmental conditions. This leads the power cables to degrade during their normal life span. Therefore, it would be advantageous for the power utilities to acquire the cable’s insulation condition frequently during their operation. In this paper, experimental studies were carried out on short sections of field aged as well as un-aged medium voltage (MV) XLPE cables to

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Cheng, Yi-Fan, Ling-Na Xu, Tian-En Chen, Guo-Zhen Jiang, and Jia-Bin Wang. "Effect of Dibenzyl Disulfide Corrosion on Accelerated Thermal Aging Crosslinked Polyethylene Cable Materials with Copper Core and Insulation Layer." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 11 (2020): 1406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2884.

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Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has been widely used and studied with its specific failure mechanism. Among them, although thermal aging of XLPE insulation materials has been widely studied, the effect of accelerated thermal aging on the sulfur corrosion of XLPE cable has not been studied much. For further understand the mechanism of sulfur corrosion, the accelerated thermal aging method was taken with 200 mg/kg DBDS based on the distinguish of temperature. The macro and micro analysis contrast test before and after corrosion were also taken to investigate the morphology difference, the

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Zhu, Zhao, Han, et al. "Thermal Effect of Different Laying Modes on Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) Insulation and a New Estimation on Cable Ampacity." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152994.

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This paper verifies the fluctuation on thermal parameters and ampacity of the high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables with different insulation conditions and describes the results of a thermal aging experiment on the XLPE insulation with different operating years in different laying modes guided by Comsol Multiphysics modeling software. The thermal parameters of the cables applied on the models are detected by thermal parameter detection control platform and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement to assure the effectivity of the simulation. Several diagnostic measure

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Gianoglio, Christian, Edoardo Ragusa, Paolo Gastaldo, Federico Gallesi, and Francesco Guastavino. "Online Predictive Maintenance Monitoring Adopting Convolutional Neural Networks." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154711.

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Thermal, electrical and mechanical stresses age the electrical insulation systems of high voltage (HV) apparatuses until the breakdown. The monitoring of the partial discharges (PDs) effectively assesses the insulation condition. PDs are both the symptoms and the causes of insulation aging and—in the long term—can lead to a breakdown, with a burdensome economic loss. This paper proposes the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to investigate and analyze the aging process of enameled wires, thus predicting the life status of the insulation systems. The CNNs training does not require any kind of

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LARBA, Mohamed, and Abdallah MEDJDOUB. "Electric Field Effect on the Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materials Destined for Medium Voltage Cable Insulation." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 73, no. 1 (2025): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.46904/eea.25.73.1.1108006.

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The predominant use of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) in the insulation of medium and high voltage cables is attributed to its excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. However, this insulation can undergo crucial damage under various constraints, including electrical stress. The main objective of this work is to analyze the influence of electrical aging on the dielectric characteristics, such as the relative permittivity, the dielectric loss factor and the loss index of the XLPE. Furthermore, an optical scanning electron microscope (SEM) is studied to visualize the surface co

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35

Zhang, Yiyi, Yi Li, Shizuo Li, Hanbo Zheng, and Jiefeng Liu. "A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Generation of Ethanol for Insulating Paper Pyrolysis." Energies 13, no. 1 (2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010265.

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Cellulosic insulation paper is usually used in oil-immersed transformer insulation systems. In this study, the molecular dynamics method based on reaction force field (ReaxFF) was used to simulate the pyrolysis process of a cellobiose molecular model. Through a series of ReaxFF- Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, the generation path of ethanol at the atomic level was studied. Because the molecular system has hydrogen bonding, force-bias Monte Carlo (fbMC) is mixed into ReaxFF to reduce the cost of calculation by reducing the sampled data. In order to ensure the reliability of the simulation,

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Leng, Shuai, and Liqiang Jin. "Numerical simulation of heat dissipation of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous hub motor." Thermal Science 25, no. 6 Part A (2021): 4059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2106059l.

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Due to the insulation aging, demagnetization and other problems of the permanent magnet and insulating material in the permanent magnet synchronous hub motor under high temperature, the numerical simulation of the heat dissipation of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous hub motor is proposed. According to the heat transfer of hub motor, the effect degree of heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation is obtained, the heat transfer coefficient of each part is calculated, and the influence of motor insulation material on temperature rise is analyzed. The experimental results show

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Suwarti, Suwarti, Natanael Yonando Hermawan, Amrisal Kamal Fajri, and Langga Samaratungga. "Validation Insulation Resistance Testing and Reliability Assessment of 6 kV Current Transformers for High Voltage Applications." Eksergi 21, no. 01 (2025): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v21i01.6357.

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Current transformers (CTs) are critical components in electrical power systems, particularly for measurement and protection functions in high-voltage systems. However, the performance and operational safety of CTs heavily depend on the quality of their insulation. A common issue encountered is insulation degradation due to aging, humidity, or external disturbances, which can lead to system faults or even complete equipment failure. This study aims to evaluate the insulation condition of a 6 kV CT through insulation resistance testing. The method employed involves measuring the insulation resis

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Kyere, Isaac Kwabena, Cuthbert Nyamupangedengu, and Andrew Graham Swanson. "A Comparative Study of Time-Evolution Characteristics of Single and Double Cavity Partial Discharges." Energies 17, no. 8 (2024): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17081905.

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Partial discharge (PD) in cavities can lead to a breakdown in solid insulation and, therefore, indicate the onset of aging in electrical equipment. It is necessary to investigate the activity of single- and double-cavity PD under aging conditions, which is the focus of this study. The results obtained can be useful in monitoring the condition of insulation systems. The factors (pressure, effective work function, and charge decay time constant) that influence PD behaviour under different test conditions were permutated in a PD model. The simulation results agree with measurements obtained for t

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Widagdo, Reza Sarwo, Puji Slamet, Aris Heri Andriawan, and Bima Bayu Santoso. "Analysis of the Insulation Quality of 1000 kVA Distribution Transformer Oil Due to Aging at PT. Bambang Djaja Surabaya." Wahana 77, no. 1 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.36456/wahana.v77i1.10008.

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The reliability of transformer insulation is a crucial factor in preventing damage that can lead to fatal accidents and serious disruptions in electrical systems. Aging insulation can cause performance degradation in transformers, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation to detect potential damage at an early stage. This research aims to evaluate the condition of transformer insulation using several testing methods, namely Breakdown Voltage (BDV) and Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). Among these methods, DGA is the main focus due to its ability to detect internal disturbances early, such as heat r

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Oparanti, Samson Okikiola, Issouf Fofana, and Reza Jafari. "Improving Oxidation Stability and Insulation Performance of Plant-Based Oils for Sustainable Power Transformers." Physchem 5, no. 2 (2025): 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem5020023.

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In power transformers, insulating liquids are essential for cooling, insulation, and condition monitoring. However, the environmental impact and biodegradability issues of traditional hydrocarbon-based liquids have spurred interest in green alternatives like natural esters. Despite their benefits, natural esters are highly prone to oxidation, limiting their broader use. This study explores a novel blend of two plant-based oils, canola oil and methyl ester derived from palm kernel oil, enhanced with two antioxidants, Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol (BHT), to

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Subocz, Jan, Andrzej Mrozik, Patryk Bohatyrewicz, and Marek Zenker. "Condition Assessment of HV Bushings with Solid Insulation based on the SVM and the FDS Methods." Energies 13, no. 4 (2020): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040853.

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This paper presents the dielectric response of the insulation of bushings as an effect of the simulated long-term aging process. The experiment was conducted under a condition of a high temperature difference between the current circuit and the cover. The dielectric response was measured with the FDS (Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy) and the SVM (Step Voltage Measurement) methods. The research has shown the correlation between the aging time and some parameters obtained with the FDS and SVM analysis.

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Wu, Shuyue, Heng Zhang, Yuxuan Wang, et al. "Concentration Prediction of Polymer Insulation Aging Indicator-Alcohols in Oil Based on Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Support Vector Machines." Polymers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071449.

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The predictive model of aging indicator based on intelligent algorithms has become an auxiliary method for the aging condition of transformer polymer insulation. However, most of the current research on the concentration prediction of aging products focuses on dissolved gases in oil, and the concentration prediction of alcohols in oil is ignored. As new types of aging indicators, alcohols (methanol, ethanol) are becoming prevalent in the aging evaluation of transformer polymer insulation. To address this, this study proposes a prediction model for the concentration of alcohols based on a genet

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Kang, Yongqiang, Luzhi Dang, Lei Yang, et al. "Research Progress in Failure Mechanism and Health State Evaluation Index System of Welded IGBT Power Modules." Electronics 12, no. 15 (2023): 3248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12153248.

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As the performance requirements of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in various fields of power electronic systems are increasing, the IGBT power module package structure, aging mechanism analysis, and selection of health state characteristic parameters are of great significance to ensure the normal operation of power systems. At present, research on the aging failure of welded IGBT modules is relatively comprehensive and can be divided into chip aging failure and package aging failure according to their failure parts. However, there is some research on the relationship between aging

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Mustafa, Ehtasham, Ramy S. A. Afia, Aamir Nawaz, Oumaima Nouini, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. "Implementation of Non-Destructive Condition Monitoring Techniques on Low-Voltage Nuclear Cables: II. Thermal Aging of EPR/CSPE Cables." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093231.

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Determining the aging state of low-voltage nuclear power plant cables using a nondestructive and reliable condition monitoring technique is highly desirable as the cables experience multiple aging stresses during the service period. This paper deals with the implementation and investigation of such nondestructive techniques, which can detect the overall aging state of low-voltage instrumentation and control (I&C) cables, which are subjected to accelerated thermal aging. The dielectric spectroscopy, extended voltage response, and polarization–depolarization current as nondestructive electri

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Liu, Deliang, Biao Lu, Wenping Wu, et al. "Assessment of the Aging State for Transformer Oil-Barrier Insulation by Raman Spectroscopy and Optimized Support Vector Machine." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24237485.

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Accurate assessment of the aging state of transformer oil-barrier insulation is crucial for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of power systems. This study presents the development of indoor accelerated thermal aging experiments to simulate the degradation of oil-immersed barrier insulation within transformers. A series of samples reflecting various aging states was obtained and categorized into six distinct groups. Raman spectroscopy analytical technology was employed to characterize the information indicative of different aging states of the oil-immersed barrier insulation. The raw Ram

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Park, Hyunjoo, Eunyoung Kim, Byeong Sub Kwak, Taehyun Jun, Riko Kawano, and Sang-Hyun Pyo. "Selective Aqueous Extraction and Green Spectral Analysis of Furfural as an Aging Indicator in Power Transformer Insulating Fluid." Separations 10, no. 7 (2023): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10070381.

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Furfural is an intermediary and aldehyde compound degraded from paper insulation, which is used with liquid fluid in power transformers. It can be utilized as an important indicator to evaluate the degradation degree of the paper insulation and the condition of transformers to predict their lifetime. However, the conventional methods are inevitably inconvenient as they require additional derivatization with hazardous agents and time-consuming chromatographic separation and processes. In this work, a facile and green analysis method for the determination of furfural concentration in the insulat

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Zheng, Hanbo, Chuansheng Zhang, Yiyi Zhang, et al. "Optimization of Ethanol Detection by Automatic Headspace Method for Cellulose Insulation Aging of Oil-immersed Transformers." Polymers 12, no. 7 (2020): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071567.

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The method using ethanol to evaluate the cellulose insulation aging condition of oil-immersed transformers has been proposed. At present, the dominating method for detecting ethanol in insulating oil is to use headspace–gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). However, the problem of quantitative inaccuracy will be sometimes encountered in the actual detection process due to improper instrument parameter setting and improper manual operation. In this study, as an aging marker, ethanol in transformer insulating oil was separated by using VF-624 ms capillary column. The effects of gas-ch

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Gu, Huangjing, Yongkang Zhang, Bin Shen, et al. "Improved Isothermal Relaxation Current Measurement Based on Isolated Circuit for Nondestructive Evaluation of High-Voltage Cable Insulation." Energies 16, no. 23 (2023): 7892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237892.

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The Isothermal Relaxation Current (IRC) method, as a non-destructive condition evaluation method based on insulation dielectric response, has been applied in the maintenance of power cables. However, the relaxation current is usually conducted through the outer shield of the high-voltage wire, which will introduce the extra depolarization current into the test circuit, affecting the accuracy of the test results. Furthermore, most IRC cable measurements are single-phase, which means depolarization currents are measured for each cable separately. In order to improve the measurement accuracy and

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Mustafa, Ehtasham, Ramy S. A. Afia, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. "Condition Assessment of Low Voltage Photovoltaic DC Cables under Thermal Stress Using Non-Destructive Electrical Techniques." Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials 21, no. 5 (2020): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42341-020-00201-3.

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Abstract The output power of the photovoltaic system is heavily dependent on the low voltage (LV) DC cables which are exposed to multiple stresses such as climatic, mechanical, electrical, and thermal stress, hence makes them more exposed to aging as compared to other components in the system. Accordingly, it is essential to monitor the state and know the real cause of the insulation degradation of the cable. The physio-chemical changes inside the insulation during service is attributed to the thermal stress, which the cable has to endure constantly. Traditionally, destructive test techniques

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Mohamed, Ramizi, Syahirah Abd Halim, Shafrida Sahrani, and Mohd Aizam Talib. "Accelerated Heating Paper Pressboard and Transformer Oil for Transformer Aging Assessment." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 36, no. 5 (2024): 1875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2024-36(5)-08.

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Paper pressboard is one of the main insulating elements that need to be investigated in order to identify the life span of high voltage transformer. In actual condition, the pressboard insulation is sealed in an enclosed metal container and immersed in transformer oil. Over the time, the pressboard insulation will degrade its performance and some part of pressboard polymeric compounds disbursed into its surrounding oil and some parts of oil compounds absorbed into the pressboard. This phenomenon can be analyzed and measured with its degree of polymerization (DP). Where DP is a measure of the c

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