Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agitated vessel

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Agitated vessel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Agitated vessel"

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Machina, David W., and Jatinder K. Bewtra. "A review of pilot-scale studies of bottom and surface velocities within air-agitated circular and rectangular vessels." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-030.

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The use of bottom or surface fluid velocity within air-agitated circular and rectangular vessels has been studied as a possible design parameter to achieve a specified scale of agitation. Experimental data are presented in terms of five dimensionless numbers involving the fluid velocity, the depth of fluid in the vessel, the elevation of the diffuser above the vessel floor, the air flow rate, and the compressor power required. Design equations are obtained for a total of 506 physical observations with a ring diffuser around the perimeter of a circular vessel, a pipe diffuser at the centre of a circular vessel, and a line diffuser at the centre line or end wall of a rectangular vessel. The applicable range of variables for each equation is provided. It is shown that both bottom and surface velocities increase with an increase in air flow rate or compressor power requirement for a specified fluid depth. For a constant air flow rate and fluid depth, the surface velocity always exceeded the bottom velocity. The surface and bottom velocities are related to operating conditions in different water and wastewater treatment units in which a specified degree of uniformity of the vessel contents has to be maintained in order to keep a specified particle in suspension. The sensitivity analysis of the model revealed that the fluid depth was the most important design parameter in controlling the velocities within air-agitated vessels. Key words: bottom velocity, surface velocity, velocity gradient, degree of uniformity, air-agitated rectangular vessels, air-agitated circular vessels.
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Mahir, Maha, Anas El Maakoul, Ismail Khay, Said Saadeddine, and Mohamed Bakhouya. "An Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance in an Agitated Vessel." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030468.

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Agitated vessels (or mechanically stirred reactors) are heat exchange devices that are most widely used in many chemical and biochemical process industries, such as anaerobic digestion process. The mixing and heat transfer performances in these vessels are of crucial importance for increasing the energy efficiency in both batch and continuous processes. In this paper, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate heat transfer performance in agitated vessels for various configurations. In fact, this study examines the effects of heat transfer geometry (wall jacket and helical coils), heating power, and stirring speed, on the heating performance of two stirred fluids—water alone and a mixture of water and food waste. The experiments were conducted using a jacketed insulation tank with a helical coil and a propeller agitator. In each experiment, a transient method, based on measuring the temperature dependency on time, and solving the unsteady enthalpy balance, was used to determine the overall heat transfer coefficients between the agitated fluid and the heating surface. Finally, an extensive analysis of the reduced data was conducted based on temperature, heating time, heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal resistance. The main finding was that the presence of food waste in agitated vessels reduces the heat rate of the agitated fluid with an average of 18.13% and 49.51%, respectively, for the case of JHX and CHX, and creates additional fouling, which further limits the heat transfer.
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Jirout, Tomáš, and Dita Jiroutová. "Application of Theoretical and Experimental Findings for Optimization of Mixing Processes and Equipment." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080955.

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The homogenization of the agitated batch and ensuring the suspension of particles are the most frequently encountered requirements in terms of mixing applications. These operations are affected by the flow of the agitated batch. The geometrical parameters of the mixing system, especially the shape of the agitator blade, affect flow and circulation in the agitated batch. The present work provides a general description of the most common processes in the agitated batch (blending and particle suspension), hydrodynamic parameters (flow in agitated batches, pumping and circulation capacity of impellers) and the geometrical configurations of the mixing equipment (shape of vessel, baffle and impeller, and their mutual arrangement) that influence the process. The dimensionless process characteristics of the agitator were derived by theoretical analysis. These characteristics were applied to evaluate an extensive set of experimental data with various geometric configurations of the mixing equipment. This study shows how the flow in the agitated batch, caused by the pumping and circulating effects of the agitators, affects the parameters and energy efficiency of these processes, depending on the geometric configuration of the mixing equipment. Moreover, the benefits of the hydrofoil impellers used for these mixing processes are presented.
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Bucciarelli, Elia, Roman Formánek, Bohuš Kysela, Ivan Fořt, and Radek Šulc. "Dispersion kinetics in mechanically agitated vessel." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302008.

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Agitation of two immiscible liquids or solid-liquid suspension is a frequent operation in chemical and metallurgical industries. Prediction of mean drop/particle size and drop/particle size distribution (DSD) is vital for emulsification, suspension polymerization, solid particle dispersion or crystallization. Simulation of particulate systems requires the knowledge of DSD and its time evolution. The time evolution of drop size distribution was investigated in baffled vessel mechanically agitated by a Rushton turbine and a high-shear tooth impeller. The system water –silicone oil was used as a model liquid. The volume fraction of the dispersed phase was 0.047 %. The drop sizes were determined by image analysis. The time evolution of the drops size dp32 was studied for both impellers tested. The model used involves the first order kinetics. Finally, the following correlations predicted by the Kolmogorov-Hinze theory were evaluated at steady state: dp32/D = C1.We-0.6 and dpmax/D = C2.We-0.6, where We is the impeller Weber number.
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Özgen, Canan, and Zeynep Hiçşaşmaz. "Pulse testing of an agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering Science 42, no. 6 (1987): 1413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)85013-3.

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Barresi, A., and G. Baldi. "Solid dispersion in an agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering Science 42, no. 12 (1987): 2949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)87060-4.

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Özdemir, Mustafa, and Ufuk Durmaz. "An approach to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of aqueous sucrose solutions in agitated boiling vessels." Thermal Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130111143o.

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In this study, the heat transfer mechanism under agitated pool boiling was examined experimentally. Aqueous sugar solutions were used in a centrically agitated vessel. The effects of the gap which is between the impeller edge and the flat bottom of the agitated vessel, the rotational impeller speed and impeller size were studied on the boiling heat transfer coefficient. A new Nusselt function depending on the Peclet number was suggested for the heat transfer mechanism.
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Baday, Amani A., Yehia M. S. ElShazly, and Shaaban A. Nosier. "Corrosion rate determination of vessel walls agitated by double impeller and gas sparging." Corrosion Reviews 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2016-0057.

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AbstractRecently, multiple impeller gas sparged vessels have found wide application in many industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. In this study, the rate of diffusion-controlled corrosion of the wall of nitrogen gas sparged-double impeller agitated vessel was studied by the dissolution of copper wall in acidified dichromate solution technique. The variables studied were the impeller rotation speed, the superficial gas velocity, and the clearance between the two impellers. The results were reported in terms of dimensionless number depicting the process conditions, Re, Sc, and the impeller clearance. For the agitated vessel, the corrosion rate correlation was ${\rm{CR}} = 1.6\; \times \;{10^{\; - \;16}}{\rm{R}}{{\rm{e}}_{{\rm{Ag}}{\rm{.}}}}^{0.668}{\left( {{{{C_2}} \over H}} \right)^{0.183}}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{c}}^{0.33}}.$ For the condition: 2800<ReAg.<19,600, 0.19<C2/H<0.58 and Sc=960, with an average deviation of ±2.9%. For the agitated sparged vessel, the data were correlated by ${\rm{CR}} = 2.5\; \times \;{10^{\; - \;15}}{\rm{R}}{{\rm{e}}_{{\rm{Ag}}{\rm{.}}}}^{0.134}{\rm{Re}}_{{\rm{Sp}}{\rm{.}}}^{{\rm{0}}{\rm{.381}}}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{c}}^{0.33}}.$ For the condition: 2800<ReAg.<19,600, 370<ReSp.<1855 and Sc=960, with an average deviation of ±6.7%. These results show that, under these conditions, the rate of corrosion of agitated vessels is controlled by the rate of agitation and the clearance between the impellers. However, when gas sparging is introduced, the rate of corrosion is much more influenced by the gas flow rate, whereas the effect of the clearance between the impellers nearly disappears.
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Wang, Steven, Rajarathinam Parthasarathy, Jie Wu, and Paul Slatter. "Optimum Solids Concentration in an Agitated Vessel." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 10 (February 28, 2014): 3959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie402252c.

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Laakkonen, M., P. Moilanen, T. Miettinen, K. Saari, M. Honkanen, P. Saarenrinne, and J. Aittamaa. "Local Bubble Size Distributions in Agitated Vessel." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 83, no. 1 (January 2005): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd.04122.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agitated vessel"

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Bucciarelli, Elia. "Liquid-liquid dispersion in mechanically agitated vessel." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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L’argomento trattato è lo studio di due liquidi immiscibili all’interno di un recipiente agitato. Una nuova tecnica di misura delle dimensioni delle particelle viene presentata, la tecnica sperimentata è non invasiva in quanto tutti gli strumenti di misura sono stati posizionati esternamente al vessel. Il recipiente conteneva una dispersione di olio siliconico in acqua, i test sono stati condotti in assenza di coalescenza. Il sistema è agitato in un primo test da una girante Rushton e in un secondo da una girante con denti; esso consiste in un recipiente cilindrico dal diametro T=300mm in vetro, questo vessel è stato inserito in un secondo recipiente, anch’esso in vetro ma dalla geometria cubica, riempito di acqua per ridurre problemi legati alla distorsione ottica dovuta alla cilindricità delle pareti del vessel agitato. Il recipiente è stato posto tra una fotocamera ad alta velocità e una lampada avente lo scopo di illuminare la dispersione. Sono state quindi relazionate le reali dimensioni in mm delle gocce, con i pixel della fotocamera nella fase di calibrazione; la taratura è stata effettuata tramite l’utilizzo di speciali sfere solide monodimensionali. L’analisi della dispersione in esame consisteva nella cattura di più set di immagini ad intervalli di tempo prestabiliti, solo dopo che la dispersione fosse arrivata all’equilibrio. La foto sono state quindi salvate in stack ed analizzate da un apposito codice che è stato scritto per il programma di analisi di immagini utilizzato: ImageJ. La possibilità di implementare macro in ImageJ rende molto flessibile questo programma, caratteristica fondamentale in questo lavoro in quanto lo studio di questi liquidi ha richiesto un notevole numero di test per ottenere una corretta interpretazione delle dimensioni delle gocce. Segue infine l’analisi dei dati ottenuti, alcune correlazioni riportate in letteratura sono state verificate statisticamente a partire dai risultati ottenuti.
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Boyd, Jonathan W. R. "Sound measurement as a means of sizing gas bubbles in an aerated agitated vessel." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265712.

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Bentham, Erik James. "Conjugate transfer processes in a pilot-scale unbaffled agitated vessel with a plain jacket." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12381/.

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Conjugate flow and heat transfer has been investigated in an unbaffled pilot-scale stirred tank reactor with a plain jacket. The vessel volume was 25 litres with a nominal capacity of 20 litres. Experiments and three-dimensional CFD simulations have been conducted on this vessel. The experiments involved heating, boiling, and cooling of methanol as well as water. The heat transfer medium in the jacket was an oil mixture called ‘DW-Therm’. The CFD simulations of some aspects of these experiments have been broken down into jacket-only and process-only simulations, followed by a fully conjugate simulation. The link between flow patterns, pressure drop and heat transfer in conventional jackets of stirred tank reactors has been analysed. The experiments and CFD simulations have been performed using a range of DW-Therm inlet temperatures. The CFD results were compared with experimental data of temperature measurements and with the use of engineering correlations found in the literature to predict heat transfer coefficients from the experimental data. The simulations produced values of total heat transferred by the jacket within 10% of the experimental results. The simulations of boiling inside the vessel approximated a constant process temperature which was used to investigate the jacket-only phenomena. The process-only and the conjugate simulations simulated heating of water inside the vessel. Mathematical analysis as well as and industrially and academically used correlations from the literature were used to estimate heat transfer coefficients for boiling and external heat loss. These correlations for overall heat transfer coefficients overlook maldistribution of heat transfer coefficients in jackets that use a liquid heat transfer medium. This is industrially important because it provides new information to consider when maintaining highly temperature-dependent processes, in which adequate heat transfer to or from the process is required. This could be for a variety of reasons, from maintenance of product quality to preventing runaway reactions.
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Carrillo, De Hert Sergio. "Drop size distribution analysis of mechanically agitated liquid-liquid dispersions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/drop-size-distribution-analysis-of-mechanically-agitated-liquidliquid-dispersions(02a0af25-3d1c-47e0-8a4e-8b2cc98cdaea).html.

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Many daily life products consist of mixtures of oil and water. When an immiscible material is dispersed an interface in-between the two phases is created which gives rise to rheological phenomena which can be exploited for product formulation; this is the case in products such as hand-creams and food products. Furthermore emulsions are used to transport hydrophobic materials, for example, many pharmaceuticals are injected as emulsions into the bloodstream. The performance of such products depends on their microstructure, which is determined by its formulation and how its constituents are mixed together; therefore the microstructure depends on the properties of the dispersed phases, the emulsifier used, the equipment used and its processing conditions. Emulsified products are seldom mono-dispersed due to the complex drop breakup mechanism in the turbulent fields inside the equipment in which the phases are forced together. The chaotic breakup mechanism of highly viscous dispersed phases yield complex and broad drop size distributions (DSD) as a result of the dominating viscous cohesive stresses inside the parent drop. Former studies have used the Sauter mean diameter and/or the size of the largest drop as the characteristic measure of central tendency of the DSD to correlate their results and to prove mechanistic or phenomenological models; however these parameters in isolation are insufficient to characterise the whole DSD of highly polydisperse emulsions. In this dissertation a vast amount of silicon oils of different viscosity were used as dispersed phase to study the effect of various processing conditions and formulations on the resulting DSD. The effect of several formulation and processing parameters were studied for two different mixing devices: stirred vessels and in-line high-shear mixers. (1) For stirred vessels, the effect of stirring speed, continuous phase viscosity and dispersed phase volume fraction were studied in combination with the viscosity of the dispersed phase for steady-state systems. (2) For in-line high-shear mixers a model that links batch and multi-pass continuous emulsification for multimodal DSD was derived from a transient mass balance. Processing parameters such as time and volume, flow rate and number of passes through the mixer, and stirring speed were studied for a wide dispersed phase viscosity range. The analytical methodology implemented included the use of one or more probability density functions to describe the shape of the DSD. The models proposed gave reasonable approximations of the Sauter mean diameter and allowed to study the drop size changes and the relative amount of different types of drops resulting from different breakup mechanisms.
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Iamonaco, Mark A. "Determination of impeller pumping capacity from laser doppler anemometer (LDA) measurements in an agitated vessel /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11005.

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Mehauden, Karin. "Evaluation of the thermal and mixing performance of an agitated vessel for processing of complex liquid foodstuffs." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/297/.

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Thermal treatment is the most common method used by industry to ensure food is safe for consumption and to increase its storage life. To ensure safety, food is often overprocessed which can significantly affect its nutritional value as well as taste and flavour attributes. In this study, the heating and mixing efficiency of a bespoke vessel used for heat treatment of complex foodstuffs (250 litre ‘Vesuvio’ vessel manufactured by Giusti Ltd) was investigated. Enzymatic Time Temperature Integrators (TTIs) were used to determine the heat treatment efficiency. TTIs are small unattached measurement devices which contain a thermally labile enzyme: determination of the degree of degradation of the enzyme at the end of the thermal process enables the integrated temperature history to be obtained. TTIs can be used for process validation, particularly when the processing environment is inaccessible for fixed devices such as thermocouples. The reliability and accuracy of the TTIs was determined by exposure to various non isothermal industrially relevant temperature profiles using a Peltier stage and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) device. The integrated temperature histories obtained by the TTIs’ correlated generally well with data obtained from thermocouples installed in parallel, although the error increases with holding time of the heat treatment. The work showed that the TTIs can be used reliably over a range (e.g. Enzymatic TTI made from the α-amylase from the Bacillus Licheniformis can reliably used from 5 to 30 minutes at 85°C) which is relevant for conditions of thermal pasteurisation of interest to this study. The range of time temperature profiles that enzymatic TTIs can monitor depends on the thermal resistance of the enzyme. The heat treatment efficacy of the ‘Vesuvio’ vessel was evaluated using TTIs and two thermocouples fixed onto the vessel wall and impeller shaft at the centre of the vessel. In addition to the plain or ‘free’ TTIs, a new TTI was developed where it was placed at the centre of an open structure to prevent intimate contact between the surface of the TTI and the vessel wall (‘Golf Ball’ and ‘Tie Clip’ TTIs). The food fluid could, however, penetrate the structure. The parameters examined in the study were fluid rheology, fill level (100% and 120% filling level) and the heating options (steam heating via wall jacket or direct injection). The study showed that the thermal process efficiency is lowered as the fluid viscosity increases when the wall jacket was used alone; this was observed by greater differences between the temperatures recorded by the thermocouples between the centre and the vessel wall. This was overcome by using direct steam injection into the vessel contents. Overfilling the vessel was also found to affect performance. The ‘free’ TTIs were found to have a higher thermal treatment than the TTIs which could not directly contact the wall. Under perfect mixing conditions, the ‘free’ TTIs and the TTIs placed inside the open structure should both give close results. However, this is not the case and it can be seen that the discrepancy increases when the mixing conditions worsen (increase of the fluid viscosity, no use of steam injection). The reliability of the TTIs as a validation tool is dependent upon their following the same path as the food fluid, i.e. they should be isokinetic and follow the fluid streamlines. To investigate this issue, the flow of both fluid and TTIs was examined on a reduced scale version of the ‘Vesuvio’ vessel using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT). The effect of changing fluid rheology, agitation speed and filling level were investigated on the basis of a scaling at constant power per unit mass. The PIV experiments showed that the flow was laminar/transitional through bulk of vessel, with significant flow instabilities at the free surface and at the trailing edge of the impeller. Bulk mixing can therefore be expected to occur by laminar mechanisms with some mixing by eddy diffusion present at the free surface. The mixing pattern was not affected by rheology or agitation speed, however, overfilling of the vessel appeared to move the centre of the fluid rotation to above the impeller shaft, as verified using PEPT. PEPT was also applied by inserting either the free tracer into the fluid or placing it within a TTI. Significant differences in the path taken by the TTI and the fluid were observed when the TTI had a significant settling velocity in the fluid. Hence TTIs cannot be assumed to give reliable results in low viscosity fluids (e.g. water).
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Chiti, Fabio. "Lagrangian studies of turbulent mixing in a vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine : positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1607/.

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Stirred vessels are used in a wide variety of process industries such as fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers and foods. In order to design efficient mixing vessels, a deep understanding of the blending processes is required. In cases where the fluid is not completely transparent, traditional optical laser based techniques are ineffective. One of the most promising techniques to study opaque systems is based on the detection of a tracer that emits gamma rays. Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) has been developed at the University of Birmingham and has been used in a wide range of applications including stirred tanks. However, for agitated vessels, any attempt of validation of the PEPT technique versus other techniques cannot be found. Hence, this work aims to validate and explore the potential of Lagrangian data in a well known mixing system such as a standard baffled vessel stirred by a Rushton turbine. As part of the validation, comparison with Eulerian PIV/LDA data has been also undertaken and some underestimation of the high velocities in the system was found in the impeller region. By using a selective interpolation algorithm of the tracer locations, this problem was greatly reduced although a perfect match with optical technique is not feasible. As further contribution to Lagrangian studies of mixing processes, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been undertaken to give both Eulerian and Lagrangian velocities and particle paths. However, it has been shown that traditional approaches to Lagrangian numerical simulation are unable to produce good trajectories that can be compared to experimental data. A novel three-step approach was suggested and implemented in order to achieve good paths, which then have been compared to the experimental trajectories. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of experimental Lagrangian data showed that the trajectories are erratic and follow random paths; furthermore, frequency analysis applied to portions of trajectories does not reveal any dominant low frequency in the system. Finally, circulation studies were undertaken in order to characterise mixing processes. This focused on tracking the tracer every time it leaves and returns a control volume proving the value of analysing time and return length distributions, since it was possible to compare the circulation times achieved in PEPT with published work. The trajectography approach used in this work is the first attempt at using trajectories from PEPT as a tool to characterise mixing performance rather than only using the data to find Eulerian velocities and vector plots.
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Torré, Jean-Philippe. "Quenching runaway reactions : hydrodynamics and jet injection studies for agitated reactors with a deformed free-surface." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7658/1/torre.pdf.

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To quench a thermal runaway reaction in a chemical rector, an efficient approach is the introduction of a small quantity of a liquid inhibiting agent, named a “killer”, into the mixing vessel. In this thesis, an experimental approach has been coupled tightly with numerical modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The first part of this thesis is devoted to a study of the hydrodynamics of partially-baffled mixing vessels, including the free-surface deformation caused by the central vortex. The use of an inhomogeneous, multiphase approach allowed simulation of the free-surface deformation. The capability of this novel method was demonstrated by very good agreement between the numerical predictions and experimental data. In the second part, liquid jet injection at the free-surface was coupled with the vessel hydrodynamics. Numerical results, obtained using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, have again shown good agreement with experimental data. These results allowed the jet trajectory to be modelled and its penetration into the agitated vessel was quantified. New mixing criteria were introduced that are specific to this application. Finally, the numerical methods validated at the pilot scale were applied at the industrial scale and allowed the proposal of practical improvements to the safety of the synthesis reactors studied
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Koutsakos, Erineos. "Solids suspension in mechanically agitated vessels." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318399.

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Mak, Andrew Tsz-Chung. "Solid-liquid mixing in mechanically agitated vessels." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317906/.

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Experimental data are reported for solids suspension and distribution in four geometrically similar vessels with diameters equal to 0.31, 0.61, 1.83 and 2.67 m. Agitation was provided by a series of pitched blade turbines with impeller to vessel diameter ratios from 0.3 to 0.6 and pitched angles between 30° and 90°. The effect of impeller clearance on solids suspension was examined for a clearance range of T/4 to T/8. Dual impeller systems were also studied, covering two combinations (dual pitched and flat/pitched) and impeller spacing of half to two diameters apart. The majority of the experiments were carried out with 150-210 μm round-grained sand (density: 2630 kg ‭m-3 and settling velocity: 0.015 m s-1) and tap water. Solids concentration was varied between 0.1 to 40% by weight. Four parameters were measured; impeller speed, using an optical tachometer, power input, calculated from the shaft torque given by strain gauges, just suspension speed, ascertained both visually and by use of an ultrasonic Doppler flowmetering (UDF) technique and the local solids concentration, measured by a in-house solids concentration probe. In addition extensive flow visualisations were made with the 0.61 m vessel in order to establish both liquid and particles flow patterns during the experiments. Results from this study were compared with previous publications in order to examine the effects of some of the important geometrical variables on solids suspension and distribution. This work revealed that for the range of parameters covered, the smallest (D/T=0.3) and the largest (D/T=0.6) impellers are the most and least efficient ones for solids suspension. Distribution tests with the three geometrically similar impellers show that the results are neither correlated in terms of tip speed nor power input but are best described by the thrust force generated by the impellers. In general, dual impeller systems improve solids distribution but require more power to just suspend solids compared with a single impeller. The scaling effect proposed by Zwietering (1958) for solids suspension has been confirmed by this study for vessel up to 2.67 m in diameter. The constant tip speed rule for solids distribution, which is based on one-dimensional dispersion models was found to underestimate the power requirement in large scale applications. This study indicates that equal power per unit volume is required to achieve the same degree of homogeneity.
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Books on the topic "Agitated vessel"

1

Schoenmakers, Gert-Jan. Turbulent feed stream mixing in agitated vessels. Eindhoven: Eindhoven University, 1998.

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Allsford, K. V. Gas-liquid dispersion and mixing in mechanically agitated vessels with a range of fluids. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1985.

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Dawson, Michael Keith. The influence of agitator type on fluid dynamics and oxygen mass transfer in a pilot scale mixing vessel. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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Sabbagh, Mohamed Nasser. A study on mixing time in mechanical agitated vessels. Bradford, 1985.

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Jomha, Ahmad Ismail. The power requirement for mixing concentrated solid/liquid suspensions: An experimental study of the rheologicalbehaviour of concentrated solid/liquid suspensions and the application of these data to the prediction of the power requirement for mechanically agitated vessels. Bradford, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agitated vessel"

1

Kusters, Karl A., J. G. Wijers, and D. Thoenes. "Numerical Particle Tracking in a Turbine Agitated Vessel." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 233–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7973-5_27.

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Yamazaki, Y., H. Yazawa, and Y. Hirata. "Freeze Concentration with Ice-Lining in a Crystallizer of Agitated Vessel." In Mixing and Crystallization, 95–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2290-2_9.

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Uemura, Tomomasa, Kazuo Ohmi, and Fujio Yamaoto. "Mixing Flow in a Cylindrical Vessel Agitated by a Bubbling Jet - Application of Image Processing Velocimetry." In Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, 521–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61254-1_28.

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Smith, J. M. "Simple Performance Correlations for Agitated Vessels." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 55–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7973-5_7.

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Cudak, Magdalena, Marta Major-Godlewska, and Joanna Karcz. "Problems of Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessels." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 35–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73978-6_3.

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Mavros, Paul. "Mixing in Agitated Vessels: A Random Walk Approach." In Disorder and Mixing, 263–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2825-1_21.

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Patterson, G. K. "Measurements and Modelling of Flow in Gas Sparged, Agitated Vessels." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 47–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7973-5_6.

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de Moraes Gomes Rosa, Maria Thereza, Leandro Paulino Júnior, Natan Mastrocollo Mota, Eric Henrique Ferreira, Luana Spósito Valamede, and Daniela Helena Pelegrine Guimarães. "A Practical and Precise Method for Heating Calculus in Agitated Jacketed Vessels with Half-Pipe Coil." In Proceedings of the 6th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym’20), 528–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75680-2_58.

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Stefan, Alexander, and Heyko Juergen Schultz. "Use of OpenFOAM® for the Investigation of Mixing Time in Agitated Vessels with Immersed Helical Coils." In OpenFOAM®, 509–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60846-4_36.

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Kumar, Pardeep, Ansar Ali Sk, Sandeep Kumar, and Dinesh Khanduja. "Role of Agitator Diameter and Nusselt Number for Finding Heat Transfer Equations in Jacketed Vessel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 249–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8304-9_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agitated vessel"

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Chandra, Avinash, and Harwinder Singh. "TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER IN AGITATED VESSEL EQUIPPED WITH PITCHED BLADE TURBINE." In Proceedings of CHT-15. 6th International Symposium on ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER , May 25-29, 2015, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.intsympadvcomputheattransf.220.

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Ali, U. I. Mohd, A. Zamiri, S. Y. Lee, and J. T. Chung. "Numerical Analysis of a Non-Newtonian Fluid in Agitated Vessel with PBT-Rushton Combined Impeller." In International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/ffhmt17.125.

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Hami, O., B. Draoui, B. Mebarki, L. Rahmani, and M. Bouanini. "NUMERICAL MODEL FOR LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN AN AGITATED VESSEL BY INCLINED BLADES ANCHOR." In Proceedings of CHT-08 ICHMT International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2008.cht.1270.

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Yoshida, Masanori, Akihiro Kimura, Kazuaki Yamagiwa, Akira Ohkawa, and Shuichi Tezura. "Movement of Solid Particles on Bottom of an Unbaffled Vessel Agitated by Unsteadily Forward-Reverse Rotating Impeller." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37519.

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An unbaffled agitated vessel having an unsteadily rotating impeller was employed as an apparatus mixing liquid and solid particles with the density larger than that of liquid. For this type of vessel, the movement of solid particles on the vessel bottom was studied in relation to the liquid flow produced by the impeller. When a disk turbine impeller with six flat blades was rotated in the forward-reverse mode, the liquid flow and the particle movement were visualized. Concurrently, the agitation requirement for complete solid suspension where no particle remains on the vessel bottom for more than a short period and all particles are in motion was determined as a minimum rotation rate of impeller. The liquid flow and the particle movement around a tiny heap of solid particles configured on the vessel bottom were characterized through measurement of their velocities by the particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). The relative velocity of rising with off-bottom suspension of solid particles was uniform in its distribution and wholly large in its magnitude, compared with that in a baffled vessel with a unidirectionally rotating impeller of the identical design, which revealed an effectiveness of this type of vessel as an apparatus for the solid-liquid mass transfer.
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Fant, Brian, Rafael Garcilazo, and Robert Blevins. "Static Application of Transient Hydrodynamic Loads on Vessel Internal Structures As a Result of Pulse Jet Mixer Overblow: High-Frequency Load Acoustic Event." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16047.

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Abstract At the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), various vessels are designed to be agitated with internal pulse jet mixers (PJMs) in order to provide a means of mixing with no moving parts local to the vessel. PJMs are operated by use of an applied vacuum to draw liquid in followed by motive air to force liquid out (while not completely discharging all the liquid). This continual operation results in mixing of the vessel contents. In off-normal conditions, PJMs may completely discharge resulting in air rapidly injected into the vessel (PJM overblow). An evaluation is complete to determine the statically applied transient acoustic event loads resulting from Pulse Jet Mixer (PJM) overblow on a vessel’s internal submerged structures. The high-frequency acoustic load on internal structures is determined via analysis of overblow hydrophone test data, vessel modal and harmonic analysis, determination of an overblow forcing function through a Fourier analysis of test data compared to modal analysis of the vessel, application of the overblow forcing function in a finite element analysis model with acoustic fluid elements, use of a displacement-response spectra, and Hooke’s Law. Compared to previous analyses, this improved method can account for changes to PJM cavity pressure, PJM nozzle diameter, and more accurately represents the loads because it considers geometric constraints.
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Garcilazo, Rafael, Brian Fant, and Robert Blevins. "Static Application of Transient Hydrodynamic Loads on Vessel Internal Structures As a Result of Pulse Jet Mixer Overblow: Low-Frequency Loads." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-17003.

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Abstract At the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), various vessels are designed to be agitated with internal pulse jet mixers (PJMs) in order to provide a means of mixing with no moving parts local to the vessel. PJMs are operated by use of an applied vacuum to draw liquid in followed by motive air to force liquid out (while not completely discharging all the liquid). This continual operation results in mixing of the vessel contents. In off-normal conditions, PJMs may completely discharge resulting in air rapidly injected into the vessel (PJM overblow). An evaluation is complete to determine the statically applied transient Rayleigh-Plesset bubble loads resulting from PJM overblow on the vessel’s internal submerged structures. The low-frequency bubble loads on internal structures is determined via analysis of overblow test data, application of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation based on bubble pressure, PJM nozzle critical flow ratios, conservation of momentum, the relative equation of motion of a submerged non-fixed structure subject to both relative drag and relative acceleration, non-flow boundary conditions, use of a displacement-response spectra, and Hooke’s Law. This theoretical Rayleigh-Plesset bubble loads model accounts for various vessel and internal submerged structure designs and different operational states: PJM cavity pressure, liquid density, depth of submerged bubble, and both choked or non-choked flow through the PJM nozzle.
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Zhang, Pan, Weiwen Wang, Guanghui Chen, and Jianlong Li. "CFD Study of Power and Mixing Time in a Vessel Agitated by Large Height Diameter Ratio Cylinder Stirrer." In 2009 International Conference on Engineering Computation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icec.2009.35.

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Müller, T. H., K. Rühr, H. H. Callisen, and W. G. Eisert. "MODULATION OF ANTITHROMBOTIC EFFECTS OF CULTURED HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY INHIBITORS OF CYCLOOXIGENASE OR PHOSPHODIESTERASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643364.

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Intact endothelial cells are known to form a non-thrombogenic surface and to actively restrict the extent of thrombus formation on denuded vessel walls via such mechanisms as the binding of thrombin and activation of protein C, or the synthesis and release of prostacyclin. In an in vitro system, we have investigated how platelet inhibitors modulate the antithrombotic effects of human endothelial cells. Human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins were plated on one half of a subendothelial matrix (SEM) harvested from bovine cornea endothelial cells. The endothelial cells were preincubated with a drug and then exposed to anticoagulated whole blood from human donors in the presence or absence of the same drug and agitated for 15 min. The number and size of platelets interacting with the SEM were quantified by morphometric analysis.In our in vitro system, platelet aggregates on SEM that was partially covered with human endothelial cells were significantly smaller than on uncovered SEM. No difference in platelet adhesion was observed. In the absence of endothelial cells, the cyclooxigenase inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and flurbiprofen strongly reduced the size of aggregates formed on the SEM. Pretreatment of only the endothelial cells with ASA increased the size of the aggregates, while ASA treatment of endothelial cells as well as the whole blood did not reduce the mean aggregate size below that of controls. in contrast, the platelet phosphodiesterase inhibitors AHP 719 and UDCG 212 strongly decreased platelet aggregation without reducing platelet adhesion not only in the absence but also in the presence of endothelial cells pretreated with the inhibitors.Our results demonstrate that this in vitro model of a partially injured vessel wall is well suited to study the effects of endothelial cells on platelet function. Moreover, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase in contrast to ASA have profound antithrombotic effects in this model.
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Ulku, S., and T. Cakaloz. "HEAT TRANSFER IN VESSELS AGITATED WITH PROPELLER." In International Heat Transfer Conference 8. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc8.4400.

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Murthy, Bhagavatula Venkata Ramana. "Pressure Drop and Mass Transfer Studies in Liquid Fluidized Beds." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13455.

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Fluidized beds are widely used in industries for mixing solid particles with liquids as the solid is vigorously agitated by the liquid passing through the bed and the mixing of the solid ensures that there are practically no temperature gradients in the bed even with exothermic or endothermic reactions (Mixing and the segregation in a liquid fluidized of particles with different sizes and densities", The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1988). The violent motion of the solid particles also gives high heat transfer rates to the wall or to cooling tubes immersed in the bed. Because of the fluidity of the solid particles, it is easy to pass solid from one vessel to another. In the present experimental work, the relative density between solid and liquid phases on pressure drop under fluidized condition has been studied using the solid-liquid systems namely, glass beads-water, glass beads-kerosene, plastic beads-kerosene and diamond sugar-kerosene. Pressure drop - liquid velocity and void fraction - liquid velocity relationships have been found for all the mentioned solid-liquid systems under fluidized condition and results have been noted. The effect of the nature of the fluid on the minimum fluidization velocity and the pressure drop has been studied. In addition to the pressure drop studies, mass transfer studies have also been conducted with diamond sugar-water system with and without fluidization and results have been obtained. In addition to these, comparison of bed voidage, pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity between denser and lighter liquids have been studied and the results have been obtained. Also, the value of rate of mass transfer with fluidization is compared that without fluidization for diamond sugar-water system and the results have been obtained.
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