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Journal articles on the topic 'Agitated vessel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Machina, David W., and Jatinder K. Bewtra. "A review of pilot-scale studies of bottom and surface velocities within air-agitated circular and rectangular vessels." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-030.

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The use of bottom or surface fluid velocity within air-agitated circular and rectangular vessels has been studied as a possible design parameter to achieve a specified scale of agitation. Experimental data are presented in terms of five dimensionless numbers involving the fluid velocity, the depth of fluid in the vessel, the elevation of the diffuser above the vessel floor, the air flow rate, and the compressor power required. Design equations are obtained for a total of 506 physical observations with a ring diffuser around the perimeter of a circular vessel, a pipe diffuser at the centre of a circular vessel, and a line diffuser at the centre line or end wall of a rectangular vessel. The applicable range of variables for each equation is provided. It is shown that both bottom and surface velocities increase with an increase in air flow rate or compressor power requirement for a specified fluid depth. For a constant air flow rate and fluid depth, the surface velocity always exceeded the bottom velocity. The surface and bottom velocities are related to operating conditions in different water and wastewater treatment units in which a specified degree of uniformity of the vessel contents has to be maintained in order to keep a specified particle in suspension. The sensitivity analysis of the model revealed that the fluid depth was the most important design parameter in controlling the velocities within air-agitated vessels. Key words: bottom velocity, surface velocity, velocity gradient, degree of uniformity, air-agitated rectangular vessels, air-agitated circular vessels.

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2

Mahir, Maha, Anas El Maakoul, Ismail Khay, Said Saadeddine, and Mohamed Bakhouya. "An Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance in an Agitated Vessel." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030468.

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Agitated vessels (or mechanically stirred reactors) are heat exchange devices that are most widely used in many chemical and biochemical process industries, such as anaerobic digestion process. The mixing and heat transfer performances in these vessels are of crucial importance for increasing the energy efficiency in both batch and continuous processes. In this paper, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate heat transfer performance in agitated vessels for various configurations. In fact, this study examines the effects of heat transfer geometry (wall jacket and helical coils), heating power, and stirring speed, on the heating performance of two stirred fluids—water alone and a mixture of water and food waste. The experiments were conducted using a jacketed insulation tank with a helical coil and a propeller agitator. In each experiment, a transient method, based on measuring the temperature dependency on time, and solving the unsteady enthalpy balance, was used to determine the overall heat transfer coefficients between the agitated fluid and the heating surface. Finally, an extensive analysis of the reduced data was conducted based on temperature, heating time, heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal resistance. The main finding was that the presence of food waste in agitated vessels reduces the heat rate of the agitated fluid with an average of 18.13% and 49.51%, respectively, for the case of JHX and CHX, and creates additional fouling, which further limits the heat transfer.

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3

Jirout, Tomáš, and Dita Jiroutová. "Application of Theoretical and Experimental Findings for Optimization of Mixing Processes and Equipment." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080955.

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The homogenization of the agitated batch and ensuring the suspension of particles are the most frequently encountered requirements in terms of mixing applications. These operations are affected by the flow of the agitated batch. The geometrical parameters of the mixing system, especially the shape of the agitator blade, affect flow and circulation in the agitated batch. The present work provides a general description of the most common processes in the agitated batch (blending and particle suspension), hydrodynamic parameters (flow in agitated batches, pumping and circulation capacity of impellers) and the geometrical configurations of the mixing equipment (shape of vessel, baffle and impeller, and their mutual arrangement) that influence the process. The dimensionless process characteristics of the agitator were derived by theoretical analysis. These characteristics were applied to evaluate an extensive set of experimental data with various geometric configurations of the mixing equipment. This study shows how the flow in the agitated batch, caused by the pumping and circulating effects of the agitators, affects the parameters and energy efficiency of these processes, depending on the geometric configuration of the mixing equipment. Moreover, the benefits of the hydrofoil impellers used for these mixing processes are presented.

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4

Bucciarelli, Elia, Roman Formánek, Bohuš Kysela, Ivan Fořt, and Radek Šulc. "Dispersion kinetics in mechanically agitated vessel." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302008.

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Agitation of two immiscible liquids or solid-liquid suspension is a frequent operation in chemical and metallurgical industries. Prediction of mean drop/particle size and drop/particle size distribution (DSD) is vital for emulsification, suspension polymerization, solid particle dispersion or crystallization. Simulation of particulate systems requires the knowledge of DSD and its time evolution. The time evolution of drop size distribution was investigated in baffled vessel mechanically agitated by a Rushton turbine and a high-shear tooth impeller. The system water –silicone oil was used as a model liquid. The volume fraction of the dispersed phase was 0.047 %. The drop sizes were determined by image analysis. The time evolution of the drops size dp32 was studied for both impellers tested. The model used involves the first order kinetics. Finally, the following correlations predicted by the Kolmogorov-Hinze theory were evaluated at steady state: dp32/D = C1.We-0.6 and dpmax/D = C2.We-0.6, where We is the impeller Weber number.

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5

Özgen, Canan, and Zeynep Hiçşaşmaz. "Pulse testing of an agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering Science 42, no. 6 (1987): 1413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)85013-3.

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6

Barresi, A., and G. Baldi. "Solid dispersion in an agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering Science 42, no. 12 (1987): 2949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)87060-4.

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7

Özdemir, Mustafa, and Ufuk Durmaz. "An approach to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of aqueous sucrose solutions in agitated boiling vessels." Thermal Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130111143o.

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In this study, the heat transfer mechanism under agitated pool boiling was examined experimentally. Aqueous sugar solutions were used in a centrically agitated vessel. The effects of the gap which is between the impeller edge and the flat bottom of the agitated vessel, the rotational impeller speed and impeller size were studied on the boiling heat transfer coefficient. A new Nusselt function depending on the Peclet number was suggested for the heat transfer mechanism.

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8

Baday, Amani A., Yehia M. S. ElShazly, and Shaaban A. Nosier. "Corrosion rate determination of vessel walls agitated by double impeller and gas sparging." Corrosion Reviews 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2016-0057.

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AbstractRecently, multiple impeller gas sparged vessels have found wide application in many industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. In this study, the rate of diffusion-controlled corrosion of the wall of nitrogen gas sparged-double impeller agitated vessel was studied by the dissolution of copper wall in acidified dichromate solution technique. The variables studied were the impeller rotation speed, the superficial gas velocity, and the clearance between the two impellers. The results were reported in terms of dimensionless number depicting the process conditions, Re, Sc, and the impeller clearance. For the agitated vessel, the corrosion rate correlation was ${\rm{CR}} = 1.6\; \times \;{10^{\; - \;16}}{\rm{R}}{{\rm{e}}_{{\rm{Ag}}{\rm{.}}}}^{0.668}{\left( {{{{C_2}} \over H}} \right)^{0.183}}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{c}}^{0.33}}.$ For the condition: 2800<ReAg.<19,600, 0.19<C2/H<0.58 and Sc=960, with an average deviation of ±2.9%. For the agitated sparged vessel, the data were correlated by ${\rm{CR}} = 2.5\; \times \;{10^{\; - \;15}}{\rm{R}}{{\rm{e}}_{{\rm{Ag}}{\rm{.}}}}^{0.134}{\rm{Re}}_{{\rm{Sp}}{\rm{.}}}^{{\rm{0}}{\rm{.381}}}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{c}}^{0.33}}.$ For the condition: 2800<ReAg.<19,600, 370<ReSp.<1855 and Sc=960, with an average deviation of ±6.7%. These results show that, under these conditions, the rate of corrosion of agitated vessels is controlled by the rate of agitation and the clearance between the impellers. However, when gas sparging is introduced, the rate of corrosion is much more influenced by the gas flow rate, whereas the effect of the clearance between the impellers nearly disappears.

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9

Wang, Steven, Rajarathinam Parthasarathy, Jie Wu, and Paul Slatter. "Optimum Solids Concentration in an Agitated Vessel." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 10 (February 28, 2014): 3959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie402252c.

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10

Laakkonen, M., P. Moilanen, T. Miettinen, K. Saari, M. Honkanen, P. Saarenrinne, and J. Aittamaa. "Local Bubble Size Distributions in Agitated Vessel." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 83, no. 1 (January 2005): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd.04122.

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11

SK, Ansar Ali, Pardeep Kumar, and Sandeep Kumar. "Experimental studies of helical coils in laminar regime for mechanically agitated vessel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 234, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408919895856.

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The aim of this experimental study is to determine the heat transfer coefficients in laminar regime of mechanically agitated vessel for Newtonian (water) and non-Newtonian fluids, i.e. CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) solutions in mechanically agitated vessel. It is found that Dean number and Prandtl number play an important role with Nusselt number while determining heat transfer coefficients. Modified Wilson plot is used to find heat transfer. The effect of friction factor on Reynolds number is also studied. The laminar flow heat transfer results have been successfully correlated in the following form with 15% standard deviation and this equation is suitable for the correlation for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids to find heat transfer coefficients in helical coils in mechanically agitated stirred vessel.

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12

Jaworski, Zdzisław, and Ivan Fořt. "Energy dissipation rate in a baffled vessel with pitched blade turbine impeller." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 9 (1991): 1856–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911856.

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Mechanical energy dissipation was investigated in a cylindrical, flat bottomed vessel with four radial baffles and the pitched blade turbine impeller of varied size. This study was based upon the experimental data on the hydrodynamics of the turbulent flow of water in an agitated vessel. They were gained by means of the three-holes Pitot tube technique for three impeller-to-vessel diameter ratio d/D = 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5. The experimental results obtained for two levels below and two levels above the impeller were used in the present study. Radial profiles of the mean velocity components, static and total pressures were presented for one of the levels. Local contribution to the axial transport of the agitated charge and energy was presented. Using the assumption of the axial symmetry of the flow field the volumetric flow rates were determined for the four horizontal cross-sections. Regions of positive and negative values of the total pressure of the liquid were indicated. Energy dissipation rates in various regions of the agitated vessel were estimated in the range from 0.2 to 6.0 of the average value for the whole vessel. Hydraulic impeller efficiency amounting to about 68% was obtained. The mechanical energy transferred by the impellers is dissipated in the following ways: 54% in the space below the impeller, 32% in the impeller region, 14% in the remaining part of the agitated liquid.

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13

Sessiecq, P., P. Mier, F. Gruy, and M. Cournil. "Solid Particles Concentration Profiles in an Agitated Vessel." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 77, no. 8 (November 1999): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387699526719.

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14

Chriistodoulou, Dimitrios, and Michael Stamatoudis. "Local drop size variation in an agitated vessel." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 70, no. 1 (February 1992): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450700128.

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15

Ogawa, Kohei, Chiaki Kuroda, Ichiro Inoue, Satoshi Kawamata, and Hiroshi Takekawa. "Concentration inhomogeneity in an agitated vessel with aeration." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 13, no. 2 (1987): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.13.188.

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16

Kuriyama, Masafumi, Minobu Ono, Eiji Harada, and Hirotaka Konno. "Maximum Stable Drop Size in Turbulent Agitated Vessel." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 21, no. 3 (1995): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.21.508.

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17

Kato, Yoshihito, Yutaka Tada, Yasuhiro Takeda, Yuichiro Nagatsu, Shuichi Iwata, Shinich Iwaishi, Susumu Kajihara, Young-Sei Lee, and Song-Tae Koh. "Effects of Unsteady Mixing in Turbulent Agitated Vessel." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 35, no. 1 (2009): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.35.152.

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18

Jo, Myung-Chan, Seung-Hwan Song, Byeong-Il Noh, and Jong-Hyun Kim. "Investigation of feedpipe backmixing in an agitated vessel." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 13, no. 4 (July 1996): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02705959.

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19

Yang, D., XQ Lv, and YL Xiong. "A computational fluid dynamics study on the solid mineral particles-laden flow in a novel offshore agitated vessel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090218776143.

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Most seabeds are unexplored and rich in mineral deposits, making offshore mining a promising activity. However, offshore operation brings in great challenges from technical equipment to physical space. For instance, an offshore agitated vessel is supposed to stabilize the solids concentration from the underwater mining and make little impact on the stability of the platform or ship. For this reason, we proposed a novel offshore agitated vessel. The whole system based on the arrangement of the mineral processing platform and the slurry mix flow rate is obtained from the previous design stage. Large-scale unsteady computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to calculate its effectiveness. The simulation model equipped with two pitched blade turbines and inlets/outlets is investigated. A classical Eulerian multiphase model and a modification of the standard k-ε eddy-viscosity turbulence model are adopted to simulate the dense solid–liquid suspension dynamics. Computational fluid dynamics results were found to be in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical predictions. The agitated system obtained was found to be effective to stabilize the solid particle concentration. In order to achieve a higher concentration at outlets and lower power consumption, further improvement was made and validated by computational fluid dynamics simulations. The proposed offshore mechanical agitated vessel could be equipped on offshore mining.

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20

Myers, K. J., R. W. Ward, and Andre´ Bakker. "A Digital Particle Image Velocimetry Investigation of Flow Field Instabilities of Axial-Flow Impellers." Journal of Fluids Engineering 119, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819290.

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Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) has been used to examine the flow field in a vessel agitated by an axial-flow impeller in turbulent operation. Both a pitched-blade turbine and a high-efficiency impeller were studied. Time series analysis indicates that the flow field is not steady; rather, it is subject to transients with frequencies well below the blade passage frequency (periods ranging from 40 to over 300 impeller revolutions have been observed). This result has important implications for computational modeling because current descriptions of agitated vessels are based upon time-averaged flow fields with superimposed turbulence. This modeling approach may not accurately capture the mixing associated with the low-frequency phenomena observed in this study.

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21

Goel, Shina, and Graeme J. Jameson. "Detachment of particles from bubbles in an agitated vessel." Minerals Engineering 36-38 (October 2012): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.08.001.

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22

Kato, Yoshihito, Setsuro Hiraoka, Yutaka Tada, Mitsuhiro Ohnishi, Tomoko Naganawa, Ryuichiro Yamauchi, and Katsumi Shiobara. "Mixing Performance of an Agitated Vessel with Bottom Baffles." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 35, no. 2 (2002): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.35.208.

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23

Zamzam, Zauyah, Koji Takahashi, and Shoji Morinaga. "Chaotic Mixing in a Vessel Agitated by Large Impeller." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 42, no. 11 (2009): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.08we263.

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24

OHKAWA, AKIRA, OSAMU MATSUBARA, NOBUYUKI SAKAL, and KAZUO ENDOH. "Power requirement in an aerated agitated vessel under foaming." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 20, no. 1 (1987): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.94.

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25

Xu, S. A., L. F. Feng, X. P. Gu, K. Wang, and G. H. Hu. "Gas-Liquid Floating Particle Mixing in an Agitated Vessel." Chemical Engineering & Technology 23, no. 2 (February 2000): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4125(200002)23:2<103::aid-ceat103>3.0.co;2-b.

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26

Janzon, Jakob, and Hans Theliander. "On the suspension of particles in an agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering Science 49, no. 20 (1994): 3522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(94)00149-9.

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27

Chinnasamy, Gomadurai, Saravanan Kaliannan, Abraham Eldho, and Deepa Nadarajan. "Development and performance analysis of a novel agitated vessel." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 33, no. 4 (February 13, 2016): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0264-y.

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28

Wang, Steven, Rajarathinam Parthasarathy, Eng Ying Bong, Jie Wu, and Paul Slatter. "Suspension of ultrahigh concentration solids in an agitated vessel." AIChE Journal 58, no. 4 (June 10, 2011): 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.12657.

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29

Fořt, Ivan, Miloslav Hošťálek, and Jaroslav Medek. "Liquid circulation in a cylindrical vessel with radial baffles and inclined blade impeller." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 6 (1989): 1599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19891599.

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Liquid circulation was studied in a cylindrical vessel with radial baffles under the turbulent flow regime of liquid agitated gradually with the following types of four inclined blade impellers: impeller with plane blades inclined at the angle of 25°; impeller with asymmetrically profiled blades at the angle of 30°-17°; impeller with strength-profiled blades. By solving the turbulent (vortex) analogy of the Stokes equations for the creeping (non-inertial) laminar flow, the streamline distribution (the Stokes stream function) in the bulk of agitated charge was obtained for each of impellers studied (relative size d/D = 1/3, relative distance from the bottom H2/D = 1/3, relative vessel filling H/D = 1), placed axisymmetrically in the vessel and pumping the liquid towards its flat bottom. The zero values of the Stokes stream function at the bottom, walls, and charge liquid level, and further the radial profiles of axial and radial component of mean velocity in the cross sections under and above the impeller obtained experimentally by the laser-doppler anemometry on the assumption of axial symmetry of the agitated system studied were set as the boundary conditions for the solution of the partial differential equation considered. It follows from the results obtained that the homogenous circulation of agitated charge at the relatively lowest value of the impeller power input is reached when agitating with the asymmetrically profiled blade impeller which therefore can successfully replace the propeller mixer with airfoil profiled blades.

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30

Šulc, Radek, Pavel Ditl, Ivan Fořt, Darina Jašíkova, Michal Kotek, Václav Kopecký, and Bohuš Kysela. "Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302081.

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The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical flat bottom vessel 400 mm in inner diameter agitated by a tooth impeller 133 mm in diameter. Distilled water was used as the agitated liquid. The velocity fields were investigated in the upward flow to the impeller for three impeller rotation speeds – 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 700 rpm, corresponding to a Reynolds number in the range 94 000 < Re < 221 000. This means that fully-developed turbulent flow was reached. This Re range secures the fully-developed turbulent flow in an agitated liquid. In accordance with the theory of mixing, the dimensionless mean and fluctuation velocities in the measured directions were found to be constant and independent of the impeller Reynolds number. On the basis of the test results the spatial distributions of dimensionless velocities were calculated. The axial turbulence intensity was found to be in the majority in the range from 0.4 to 0.7, which corresponds to the middle level of turbulence intensity.

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31

Youcefi, Sarra, Mohamed Bouzit, Houari Ameur, Youcef Kamla, and Abdelkader Youcefi. "Effect of Some Design Parameters on the Flow Fields and Power Consumption in a Vessel Stirred by a Rushton Turbine." Chemical and Process Engineering 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2013-0024.

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Knowledge of the fluid dynamic characteristics in a stirred vessel is essential for reliable design and scale-up of a mixing system. In this paper, 3D hydrodynamics in a vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine were numerically studied (with the help of a CFD computer program (CFX 13.0)). The study was carried out covering a wide Reynolds number range: 104 - 105. Computations, based on control volume method, were made using the k-ε model. Our main purpose was to investigate the effect of vessel configuration and agitation rates on the flow structure and power consumption. Three types of vessels were used: unbaffled, baffled and a vessel with slots placed at the external perimeter of its vertical wall. The effect of slot length has been investigated. The comparison of our predicted results with available experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement.

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32

Li, Liangchao, and Bin Xu. "CFD simulation of gas-liquid floating particles mixing in an agitated vessel." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 23, no. 3 (2017): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160129052l.

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Gas dispersion and floating particles suspension in an agitated vessel were studied numerically by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Eulerian multi-fluid model along with standard k-? turbulence model was used in the simulation. A multiple reference frame (MRF) approach was used to solve the impeller rotation. The velocity field, gas and floating particles holdup distributions in the vessel were first obtained, and then, the effects of operating conditions on gas dispersion and solid suspension were investigated. The simulation results show that velocity field of solid phase and gas phase are quite different in the agitated vessel. Floating particles are easy to accumulate in the center of the surface region and the increasing of superficial gas velocity is in favor of floating particles off-surface suspension. With increasing solids loading, the gas dispersion becomes worse, while relative solid holdup distribution changes little. The limitations of the present modeling are discussed and further research in the future is proposed.

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33

Matsumoto, Katsutoshi, Shoji Taniguchi, and Atsushi Kikuchi. "Acid Leaching Behavior of Zinc Ferrite in an Agitated Vessel." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 63, no. 3 (1999): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.63.3_345.

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34

Schaer, Eric, Renato Ravetti, and Edouard Plasari. "Study of silica particle aggregation in a batch agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 40, no. 3 (May 2001): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0255-2701(00)00124-0.

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35

KATO, YOSHIHITO, SETSURO HIRAOKA, YUTAKA TADA, JUNICHIRO SUZUKI, KIMIHITO HIROSE, YOUNG-SEI LEE, and SONG-TAE KOH. "Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid-Solid Agitated Vessel." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 34, no. 12 (2001): 1532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.34.1532.

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36

Montes, J. L., H. C. Boisson, I. Fořt, and M. Jahoda. "Velocity field macro-instabilities in an axially agitated mixing vessel." Chemical Engineering Journal 67, no. 2 (May 1997): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(97)00042-9.

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37

Ibarz, A., A. M. Ramos, J. Puig-Bargués, and G. V. Barbosa-Cánovas. "Heating Rates of Peach Juice in an Agitated Jacketed Vessel." Journal of Food Science 63, no. 6 (July 20, 2006): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15851.x.

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38

Takahashi, Koji, Itaru Tanimoto, Hitoshi Sekine, and Yasuyuki Takahata. "Gas Dispersion in an Agitated Vessel Equipped with Large Impeller." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 47, no. 9 (2014): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.13we338.

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39

Takahashi, Koji, Naoki Sugawara, and Yasuyuki Takahata. "Mixing Time in an Agitated Vessel Equipped with Large Impeller." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 48, no. 7 (2015): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.14we192.

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40

Kysela, Bohuš, Jiří Konfršt, and Zdeněk Chára. "LDA measurements and turbulence spectral analysis in an agitated vessel." EPJ Web of Conferences 45 (2013): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20134501055.

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41

Jones, A. G., Jerzy Budz, and J. W. Mullin. "Crystallization kinetics of potassium sulfate in an MSMPR agitated vessel." AIChE Journal 32, no. 12 (December 1986): 2002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321210.

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42

Kobashi, Toshiyuki, Teruo Takahashi, and Yoshiro Kitamura. "Heat transfer coefficient in agitated vessel with perforated screw mixer." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 16, no. 1 (1990): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.16.46.

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Wang, Steven, David V. Boger, and Jie Wu. "Energy efficient solids suspension in an agitated vessel–water slurry." Chemical Engineering Science 74 (May 2012): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2012.02.035.

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Jaszczur, Marek, and Anna Młynarczykowska. "A General Review of the Current Development of Mechanically Agitated Vessels." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080982.

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The mixing process in a mechanically agitated vessel is a widespread phenomenon which plays an important role among industrial processes. In that process, one of the crucial parameters, the mixing efficiency, depends on a large number of geometrical factors, as well as process parameters and complex interactions between the phases which are still not well understood. In the last decade, large progress has been made in optimisation, construction and numerical and experimental analysis of mechanically agitated vessels. In this review, the current state in this field has been presented. It shows that advanced computational fluid dynamic techniques for multiphase flow analysis with reactions and modern experimental techniques can be used with success to analyse in detail mixing features in liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, solid-liquid and in more than two-phase flows. The objective is to show the most important research recently carried out.

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Šulc, Radek, Pavel Ditl, Ivan Fořt, Darina Jašíkova, Michal Kotek, Václav Kopecký, and Bohuš Kysela. "Local velocity scaling in an impeller discharge flow in T400 vessel agitated by tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002102.

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Hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical flat bottom vessel 400 mm in inner diameter agitated by a tooth impeller 133 mm in diameter. The velocity fields were measured in the impeller discharge flow for impeller rotation speeds from 300 rpm to 700 rpm and three liquids of different viscosities (i.e. (i) distilled water, ii) a 28% vol. aqueous solution of glycol, and iii) a 43% vol. aqueous solution of glycol), corresponding to the impeller Reynolds number in the range 68 000 < Re < 221 000. This Re range secures the fully-developed turbulent flow of agitated liquid. In accordance with the theory of mixing, the dimensionless mean and fluctuation velocities in the measured directions were found to be constant and independent of the impeller Reynolds number. On the basis of the test results the spatial distributions of dimensionless velocities were calculated. The radial turbulence intensity was found to be in the majority in the range from 0.3 to 0.9, which corresponds to the high level of this quantity.

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Wan-Li, Liao, and Tseng Dyi-Hwa. "Biotreatment of naphthalene by PAH-acclimated pure culture with white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 10 (November 1, 1996): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0241.

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The tolerance of PAH toxicity for a PAH-acclimated pure culture with the fungus P. chrysosporium was evaluated by growth characteristics. The result showed that PAH-acclimated culture could still maintain its microbial activity, whereas the nonacclimated culture showed a declined growth when a high concentration of naphthalene (NTL) or benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) was present. In the treatment of NTL, the PAH-acclimated culture was also superior to the nonacclimated one. More than 90% of NTL removal had been attained by the PAH enrichment culture in agitated vessels within 24 h. However, in this experiment, about 20% of NTL was adsorbed on the fungal mycelia. After 4 days of reaction in the vessels, some ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites of NTL with high polarity in the HPLC elution were detected. One of these polar products was identified to be catechol compound. This study also demonstrated that NTL treatment in the aerated batch bioreactor was not comparable to that the agitated vessel owing to low efficiency in oxygen transfer of the system.

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Yoshida, Masanori, Kohei Ishioka, Hiromu Ebina, Koki Oiso, Hayato Shirosaki, and Ryota Tateshita. "Efficacy of partial baffles for a vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine impeller." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2018): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq170921001y.

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For a vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine impeller, the efficacy of partial baffles was evaluated through examination of the liquid flow and impeller power characteristics. The bulk flow formed a pattern having circulation loops of different intensity and largeness depending on the baffle condition: the baffle length relative to the liquid depth for the vessel. Consequently, the liquid flow within the vessel affected the impeller power number. The characteristic circulation loops, which generally reflect the baffle efficacy, were assessed in terms of the discharge flow through the impeller and the energy transmission within the vessel based on the flow velocity profiles. The shorter length of baffles fitted partially in the upper half of the liquid phase was revealed to be effective, supported in combination by a comparable discharge flow and a successful energy transmission.

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Brůha, Oldřich, Ivan Fořt, Pavel Smolka, and Milan Jahoda. "Experimental Study of Turbulent Macroinstabilities in an Agitated System with Axial High-Speed Impeller and with Radial Baffles." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 6 (1996): 856–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960856.

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The frequency of turbulent macroinstability occurrence was measured in liquids agitated in a cylindrical baffled vessel. As it has been proved by preceding experimental results of the authors, the stochastic quantity with frequency of occurrence of 10-1 to 100 s-1 is concerned. By suitable choosing the viscosity of liquids and frequency of impeller revolutins, the region of Reynolds mixing numbers was covered from the pure laminar up to fully developed turbulent regime. In addition to the equipment making it possible to record automatically the macroinstability occurrence, also the visualization method and videorecording were employed. It enabled us to describe in more detail the form of entire flow field in the agitated system and its behaviour in connection with the macroinstability occurrence. It follows from the experiments made that under turbulent regime of flow of agitated liquids the frequency of turbulent macroinstability occurrence is the same as the frequency of the primary circulation of agitated liquid.

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Cudak, Magdalena, Anna Kiełbus-Rąpała, Marta Major-Godlewska, and Joanna Karcz. "Influence of different factors on momentum transfer in mechanically agitated multiphase systems." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0005.

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Abstract A comparative analysis concerning the influence of different factors on momentum transfer in mechanically agitated systems was carried out on the basis of experimental results for solid-liquid, gas-liquid and gas-solid-liquid systems. The effects of the impeller - baffles system geometry, scale of the agitated vessel, type and number of impellers and their off-bottom clearance, as well as physical properties of the multiphase systems on the critical impeller speeds needed to produce suspension or dispersion, power consumption and gas hold-up were analysed and evaluated.

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Brůha, Oldřich, Ivan Fořt, and Pavel Smolka. "Phenomenon of Turbulent Macro-Instabilities in Agitated Systems." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 1 (1995): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19950085.

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Turbulent macro-instabilities in the process of mixing in cylindrical baffled vessel provided with pitched blade impeller were studied. Rules of macro-instability occurrence were investigated in their dependence on physical parameters of three Newtonian liquids mixed and on the regime of mixing. The observations were realized partly visually, partly by means of a specially designed mechanical measuring device connected with an electronic recorder indicating the manifestations of instability in the liquid.

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