Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agneaux – Effets de la lumière sur'
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Boivin, Catherine. "Effet de l'intensité lumineuse sur le contrôle de la reproduction chez la brebis et sur la croissance des agneaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24666/24666.pdf.
Full textCHAMAILLARD, KARINE. "Etude statistique des effets de rugosite des grains de poussieres sur leurs proprietes optiques." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0081.
Full textAbidi, Farouk. "Effets de la qualité de la lumière sur l'élaboration de l'architecture du rosier buisson." Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871779.
Full textThe global shape of an ornamental plant is one of its major aesthetic criteria. It is controled by its architecture, particularly by bud bursting and shoot elongation. Environmental factors including light have a strong impact on both processes. The management of the lighting conditions during plant culture could help to produce plants with innovative shapes, using environmentally-friendly practices. However, there is a significant lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of plant development by light. In this thesis, we studied the effect of blue light on the architectural development of two varieties of rose bushes coupling morphological, histological and molecular approaches. Our results show that monochromatic blue light has a depressive effect on the photosynthetic assimilation of roses but induces in both cultivars, same meristem organogenetic activity, internodes growth and floral development than full spectrum light. On the contrary, the removal of blue raies from white light stimulates the elongation of the first order axis in one of the two studied cultivars. This stimulation results from the increase of leaf photosynthetic assimilation and internode cell elongation. This photo-control is exerted on the expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and cell wall loosening. Our study of photoreceptor mutants in pea suggests that phytochrome B is the major photoreceptor involved in this response to blue light
Xu, Yong. "Étude des effets de la lumière sur les propriétés électriques d’une jonction tunnel magnétique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0256/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the effects of light on a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). A MTJ is made of a nanometer thick insulating layer sandwiched between the two magnetic layers. When an electric current is injected into such a structure, a voltage can be measured across the insulating layer. This voltage depends on the relative orientation of the magnetizations of the two magnetic layers. This is known as the tunnel magneto-resistance effect. We have shown in this thesis that voltage depending on the orientation of the magnetic layers can be measured when the junction is illuminated with light. By studying the influence of the substrate, the position of the light beam, the wave length of light and the response of the system to a laser pulse, we have been able to demonstrate the presence of photovoltaic and Seebeck effects. These results show that it is possible, thanks to the sunlight, to read the information from magnetic memory (MRAM) made of a MTJ
Tallet, Céline. "Mécanismes comportementaux d'établissement de l'affinité pour le soigneur : étude sur agneaux élevés en allaitement artificiel." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688759.
Full textMassier, Sébastien. "Effets du traitement par la Lumière Pulsée sur la physiologie de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et d'Enterococcus faecalis." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES030.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the bacterial response of Pseudomonas and Enterococcus genus against Pulsed Light treatment (PL). First, the characterization of the PL decontamination unit has chosen a configuration for achieving uniform treatment and to know the physical characteristics. On the other hand, very rapid kinetics destructions of bacterial cultures are obtained in this configuration (reduction of 9 logarithm units a few seconds). In this study, we showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is usually more sensitive than Enterococcus faecalis with respect to the same intensity treatment. However and interestingly Pseudomonas aeruginosa is able to adapt to a lethal treatment LP when subjected to sublethal PL doses. While Enterococcus faecalis showed a mutation rate increased after treatment. These different mechanisms used by bacteria in order to cope with the deleterious PL effects were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in these responses
Berthier, Alexandre. "Transport du saccharose chez le Ray-grass anglais (Lolium perenne L. ) : réponse à la défoliation et à l’intensité lumineuse : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2001.
Full textWe wanted to determine the nature of sucrose transport, isolate, characterize and localize one or more sucrose transporters (SUTs) and assess if these SUTs respond to defoliation or to a modulation of light intensity before and/or after defoliation in rye-grass. Sucrose transport is apoplastic. It depends on a multigenic family of SUTs that were identified for the first time in rye-grass (LpSUT1, LpSUT2). The functional characterization of LpSUT2, which possess a cytoplasmic inner loop, was also successfully realized for the first time in a Monocot species. LpSUT2 is inhibited by fructose, which is a remarkable result for a fructan-accumulating plant, thus suggesting that this SUT could be the perception site of a sugar signal. The expression and the localization of these SUTs, mainly in the mesophyll, suggest that they play a great role for the distribution of C resources within the regrowing plant. The LpSUT1transcript level increases in the few hours following defoliation and might be regulated by sucrose content. LpSUT1 could be implicated in the lateral sucrose transport associated to the storage and/or the mobilization of fructans. The LpSUT2 transcripts are not sensitive to defoliation, but they are surprisingly modulated by light intensity before and/or after defoliation, which could strikingly match their putative role of sugar sensors. Because neither LpSUT1 nor LpSUT2 are localized within phloem tissues, this suggest the existence of other SUTs. The present results allow to better understand regrowth mechanism within a perennial forage species accumulating fructans
Pouliot, Éric. "Impact de l'environnement d'élevage durant la période hivernale sur les performances de croissance et la qualité de la viande des agneaux lourds." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24667/24667.pdf.
Full textMartinot-Lagarde, Gregoire. "Effets mécaniques de la lumière sur des sphères de polystyrène dans l'eau : mesure et applications physico-chimiques." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10595.
Full textMartinet, Quentin. "Étude des effets environnementaux sur les modes acoustiques confinés de nanoparticules par diffusion inélastique de la lumière." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1152/document.
Full textOver the past twenty years, inelastic light scattering by vibrational eigenmodes of nanoparticles, called Lamb modes, has proven to be an effective method for characterizing the size and mechanical properties of nano-objects. The resonant frequency of a nano-sphere, in the gigahertz range, is given, as a first approximation, by the ratio of the acoustic velocity of the bulk material and the size of confinement. The refinements of the theoretical model allow to obtain, from these eigenmodes, information on the shape and local environment of nano-objects.The objective of this thesis is to probe the domain of validity of the Lamb model, to analyze the different impacts of the environment on eigenmodes and to develop a new strategy to measure them. Several aspects of interaction with the external medium can be considered depending on the system studied. On the one hand, the delocalization of the acoustic wave in the case of core shell systems is ruled by the acoustic impedance of the core and the shell and leads to a mechanical coupling. On the other hand, the inertial mass effect induced by the presence of organic ligands on the surface of the particle modifies the resonant frequency. The validity of both approaches is discussed according to the configuration and these models are applied to real cases, such as semiconductor core shell nanoparticles and nanoplatelets, or gold colloidal clusters. The inertial mass effect is significant for small objects and it is shown the feasibility to realize ultra-sensitive nano-balance capable of probing the local environment of nano-objects. Furthermore, in the case of gold clusters, this approach makes it possible to discuss the limit of the Lamb model, based on continuum mechanics, to interpret vibrations involving only six atoms. Thanks to low frequency Raman spectroscopy, it appears that the experimental results are in good agreement with both the continuum mechanics approach, by considering the inertial mass effect, and also with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the experimental development of an optical set-up capable of measuring low frequency Raman modes on a single nanoparticle in a liquid medium is presented. This technic requires to localize a nanoparticle in a liquid medium with plasmonic tweezers and to enhance the low frequency Raman signal by stimulating vibrational modes with electrostriction. The perspectives are to apply this method to the dynamical study of a single object such as viruses or proteins
Lachance, Marie-Pier. "Impact d'une photopériode prolongée en maternité sur les performances et le comportement des truies et des porcelets." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27193/27193.pdf.
Full textAbidi, Farouk. "EFFETS DE LA QUALITE DE LA LUMIERE SUR L'ELABORATION DE L'ARCHITECTURE DU ROSIER BUISSON." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871779.
Full textGagné, Marielle. "Impact de la lumière sur la production de protéines recombinantes chez Nicotiana benthamiana." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26977.
Full textLa moléculture végétale est une approche prometteuse pour la production de protéines d’intérêt médical ou industriel. Considérant les variations de rendement possibles dans une plante soumise à différentes conditions culturales, nos objectifs étaient : (i) de cartographier l’accumulation d’un antigène viral d’intérêt clinique dans les feuilles du tabac sauvage Nicotiana benthamiana utilisé comme bio-usine, et (ii) d’évaluer l’impact de la lumière en période de croissance sur le rendement total en antigène. Nous avons étudié les relations entre l’âge foliaire, le régime lumineux, l’expression du transgène et le rendement final en antigène dans les feuilles. Nos données confirment l’influence de l’âge sur les variations de rendement d’une feuille à l’autre, et l’impact positif de l’intensité lumineuse sur le rendement par plante. Elles mettent aussi en relief l’importance des tiges secondaires sur le rendement et le rôle clé de la transcription du transgène sur la teneur en antigène à l’échelle cellulaire.
Plant molecular farming is a promising approach to produce proteins of medical or industrial interest. Considering possible variations of protein yield in plants exposed to different cultural conditions, our goals were : (i) to map the accumulation of a clinically useful viral antigen in leaves of the tobacco relative Nicotiana benthamiana used as protein biofactory, and (ii) to evaluate the impact of light conditions during plant growth on total antigen yield. We looked at eventual relations in planta between leaf age, light intensity, light quality, transgene expression and final protein yield in leaves. Our data confirmed the central influence of leaf age on antigen yield variation from one leaf to another, and the positive impact of light intensity on total yield per plant. They also highlight the importance of secondary stem growth on total yield, and the key role of transgene transcription on antigen content at the cell scale.
Mihiretie, Besira. "Effets mécaniques de la lumière sur des particules anisotropes micrométriques et dynamique du mouillage à l'interface eau-air." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869331.
Full textMihiretie, Besira. "Effets mécaniques de la lumière sur des particules anisotropes micrométriques et dynamique du mouillage à l’interface eau-air." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14813/document.
Full textWe report experiments on ellipsoidal micrometre-sized polystyrene particles. The particle aspect ratio (k) varies between about 0.2 and 8. These particles are manipulated in water by means of a moderately focused laser beam. We observe the levitation and the dynamical state of each particle in the laser beam, in bulk water or in contact to an interface (water-glass, water-air, water-oil). In the first part, we show that moderate-k particles are radially trapped with their long axis lying parallel to the beam. Conversely, elongated (k>3) or flattened (k<0.3) ellipsoids never come to rest, and permanently “dance” around the beam, through coupled translation-rotation motions. The dynamics are periodic or irregular (akin to chaos) depending on the particle type and beam characteristics. We propose a 2d model that indeed predicts the bifurcation between static and oscillating states. In the second part, we apply optical levitation to study the transition from total to partial wetting of the particles at the water-air interface. We show that the dynamics of the transition is about independent of particle shape, and mainly governed by the pinning-depinning mechanism of the contact line
Kojadinovic, Mila. "Effets antagonistes de l'oxygène et de la lumière sur la régulation de la photosynthèse et de la respiration chez Rhodopseudomonas palustris." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22041.pdf.
Full textThe photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris is able to develop using photosynthesis or respiration. Extraordinarily, it possesses six bacteriophytochromes and two PpsR transcriptional regulators. This work aimed at studying bacteriophytochromes and PpsR roles in the regulation of photosynthesis and respiration by light and oxygen. The study of photosystem synthesis and respiratory activity in Rps. Palustris WT, or inactivated in bacteriophytochromes or in PpsRs showed that (i) the bacteriophytochrome RpBphP1, activated by a far red illumination can trigger photosystem synthesis, by counterbalancing PpsR2 repressive effect, from microaerobic to aerobic conditions ; (ii) that LH2 antennae synthesis is activated by the PpsR1 transcriptional regulator and the bacteriophytochrome RpBphP4, which, depending on the Rps. Palustris strain, can be an oxygen sensor or a light sensor and (iii) that RpBphP1, PpsR1 and PpsR2 are involved in the regulation of Rps. Palustris respiratory activity by far red light. Considering the results obtained combining in silico, molecular biology and biochemistry approaches, we propose that the bacteriophytochrome RpBphP1, by inhibiting PpsR2 activation on the transcription of sucA – encoding the subunit E1 of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, a central enzyme in the Krebs cycle – is responsible for a 40% respiration limitation under far red illumination relative to darkness. Our results showed that a far red illumination, via RpBphP1 action on PpsR2, has a double effect since it activates photosystem synthesis on the one hand, and limits respiration on the other hand. This work also revealed that PpsR1 and PpsR2 regulators are both transcriptional repressors and activators, which can have joint or opposite effects. Finally, we showed that the molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic regulations encountered in Rps. Palustris are not all retrieved in the phylogenetically closely related bacterium, Bradyrhizobium ORS278
Briand, Decré Gwenaëlle. "L’influence des stimuli lumière et température sur les réponses émotionnelles et conatives des consommateurs au sein du point de vente." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090012.
Full textWhile the influence of lighting and temperature on consumer behavior in retail outlets is of conceptual and managerial importance, they are understudied aspects of store environment. Based on a multidisciplinary literature (social psychology, psychiatry, ergonomics, medicine) and on Stimulus-Organism-Response models, our research aims at studying (1) the effect of these stimuli on affective and behavioral responses in retail outlets, (2) and the effect of uncomfortable levels of temperature as well. The moderating effects of season, optimal stimulation level and gender have been studied. From this perspective, two experiments have been conducted, one with digitally manipulated pictures and one in laboratory. The findings of the two experiments are convergent considering the main hypotheses and the influence of key variables. Managerial and conceptual implications are discussed
Arsenault, Hélène. "EFFETS DU VERRE TEINTÉ SUR LA QUALITÉ DE LA LUMIÈRE NATURELLE, L'ÉVEIL DES OCCUPANTS ET L'UTILISATION D'UN ÉCLAIRAGE D'APPOINT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29060/29060.pdf.
Full textThe impact on daylight quality perception, of three windows of similar visual transmittance but different colour (blue, neutral, bronze) was investigated. Participants (n=36, mean age 23.8 years) were seated with their upper body immersed in a scale model (1:4) replicating an office room composed of four walls and a changeable window (blue, neutral or bronze) oriented towards the south-east direction. On separate sessions (one for each window glazing), participants were asked to evaluate the luminous conditions in the room according to the following qualitative factors: visual comfort; naturality; pleasantness; precision (of details and textures); light level. Participants were also asked to evaluate their level of arousal using a sleepiness scale (KSS) at the beginning and end of each session. Mixed model analyses revealed statistically significant higher scores for the factors pleasantness (p=0,003 and p=0,017 when results from the oral and written questions were combined), comfort (p=0,015) and daylight quality (p=0,044) for the bronze window glazing compared to the blue and neutral glazing. The neutral glazing was also preferred over blue for pleasantness (p=0,021). Paired t-test analysis from the KSS results indicated a slight decrease in the level of arousal in presence of the blue glazing. Overall, the thesis shows that there appears to be a clear preference for ambient light filtered through bronze window glazing compared to blue window glazing.
Laviale, Martin. "Effet des polluants sur les communautés périphytiques naturelles : apport des mesures de fluorescence chlorophyllienne en lumière modulée (PAM)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10055.
Full textLn the context of the European Water Framework Directive implementation, new tools for river toxicity assessment have to be developed. Periphytic communities, which play a fundamental role in the trophic web in lotic systems, could be regarded as early wamings for detection of acute toxicant exposure by monitoring its physiological state. Several studies were then carried out by means of the chlorophyll fluorescence measurement in modulated light technique (P AM fluorescence) which helps to estimate the photosynthetic activity in a non-intrusive way. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of several pollutants commonly found in aquatic ecosystems (Cu, Zn, Cd, atrazine, isoproturon) on stream periphyton physiology and to highlight the role of light as an addition al potentially stressful parameter. Our results showed a relative resistance of the natural biofilms to the pollutants on a short term scale (< 1 day) which depended both on the mechanism of action of the toxicant (herbicides vs heavy metals) and the biofilms architecture. By combining novel experimental designs both in field and laboratory conditions, we also demonstrated that periphyton can be more affected when another stress, such as light, is applied. This work confmns the usefulness of chlorophyll fluorescence-based methods in ecotoxicological studies, particularly in order to detect in situ herbicide toxic effects
Courties, Alicia. "Les effets de la lumière sur le métabolisme du carbone des bactéries marines contenant la protéorhodopsine : cas d’étude en culture continue d’une Gammaprotéobactérie Photobacterium angustum S14." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066672.
Full textSince its discovery more than 10 years ago, there are more and more studies about proteorhodopsin. This protein seems to be significant in marine ecology considering its large global distribution among many bacterial taxa; but its role remains controversial. Although light response from proteorhodopsin-containing prokaryotes (PCPs) seems to be strain-dependent, it has been hypothesized that the main function of proteorhodopsin was to provide an advantage to PCPs during starvation conditions. In this work, we investigated the increase knowledge about the role of proteorhodopsin regarding the organic carbon utilization efficiency measured in the proteorhodopsin-containing Gammaproteobacterium (Photobacterium angustum S14) in the light compared to the dark. Carbon-limited continuous cultures have been used to mimic environmental conditions. Yields and energetic maintenance were determined according to Pirt’s model (1965) with acid pH or without supplementary pH-stress. We observed highest energetic maintenance in the dark under pH stress condition. However, when light-dark cycles were used, the energy required for bacterial maintenance was significantly decreased during all the run and nearly in the range without pH stress. Taking together, it seems that the response of P. Angustum S14 to light is more linked to the energetic balance than substrate concentration. The innovative results indicate a possible reason why many studies did not observe positive effects on bacterial growth and yield. In addition, PCP sequencing was performed to confirm these conclusions at a more large taxa scale
Marek, Veronika. "Impact de la lumière bleue sur la surface oculaire et la nociception." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS512.
Full textIn our modern highly-illuminated world, symptoms of greater sensitivity to blue light increasingly appear. The impact of blue illumination on the ocular surface, the first barrier between the visual system and the external environment, is of particular interest. Since the crucial involvement of neurologic processes in ocular surface diseases such as dry eye is now widely recognized, the role of phototoxicity in neuro-ocular disorders is of great significance. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential harmful role of blue light in the context of dry eye and in relation to ocular nociception and light aversion. We demonstrated in vitro the phototoxic impact of blue light in human epithelial cells of the cornea and conjunctiva, and in neural and neuroglial cells from mouse trigeminal ganglia. In vivo, we reported that the significant aversion to blue light in mouse was accompanied by inflammation in the ocular surface and trigeminal pathways. We gave some insights into the ocular nociceptive pathways involved in photophobic mechanisms, together with the role of specific non-visual photoreceptors, melanopsin and neuropsin. This work sought to explain and corroborate frequent complaints about daily living increased photosensitivity in front of displays or under lightings rich in blue spectrum. Obtained results may therefore open new avenues for prevention and treatment of light-related ocular disorders and light aversion
Caradec, Julien. "Hydrodynamisme et production phytoplanctonique dans les écosystèmes marins : influence des variations de lumière induites par le mélange vertical sur l'absorption de l'azote." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2025.
Full textThe influence of vertical mixing on the phytoplankton production in marine ecosystems has been studied by observing the effects of changing light induced by vertical mixing on the development of phytoplankton in well-mixed waters of the Western English Channel. Nitrate and ammonium uptake rate in the water column and the kinetics of uptake of these compounds based on-the percentage of incident sea-surface light intensity were determined during a seasonal cycle for two classes of phytoplankton size (> 10 μm and <10 μm) in relation- with Mf tidal cycle. Nitrate uptake rates were measured using the techrique of tracer isotope 1SN. Our resuts show that pimary production and phytoplankton size structure are ulosely related to lighting conditions resulting from the vertical mixing of water column During high hydrodynamics conditions, phytoplanktonic production is low and based on regenerated ammonium and development of a population dominated by small cells, while a low hydrodynamic increase production based on the use of nitrate and associated with the development of large cell, at least in non-limiting nutrient condition. Qur results also show that phytoplanktonic populations are able to respond quickly to vertical mixing changes by altering their physiological properties and adapting in particular the process of absorption of nitrogen compounds
Moulieras, Simon. "Effets des non linéarités sur la propagation de la lumière : analogie avec les phénomènes de transport des Condensats de Bose-Einstein." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066637.
Full textCalvel, Laurent. "L’influence des effets directs, non circadiens de la lumière et de la phototransduction mélanopsinergique sur l’humeur, la veille et le sommeil." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ039/document.
Full textSleep regulations and mood disorders exert strong functional interactions, representing a major public health challenge. Light greatly influences physiology and behavior, including regulation of locomotion,sleep and mood. These non-visual effects are either, indirect through the phase shifting of circadian rhythms or direct. Our goal was to characterize the direct, non-circadian effects of light on behaviorand to assess the contribution of the different photoreceptors involved. To achieve this, melanopsin knockout mice were exposed to different luminance (<10 lux, 150 lux, 600 lux) without changing the phase of circadian rhythm. Our results indicate that light influences mood, locomotion and sleep, with< 10 lux leading to mood and sleep homeostasis alteration. These effects are primarily mediated by melanopsin-based phototransduction. If confirmed in humans, our observations will have applications for the clinical use of light as well as for societal lighting conditions
Van, Couwenberghe Rosalinde. "Effets des facteurs environnementaux sur la distribution et l'abondance des espèces végétales forestières aux échelles locales et régionales." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00604628.
Full textLe, Guhennec Marie. "Etude de l'influence de la lumière sur la croissance et la reproduction de l'escargot petit-gris (Helix Aspersa Müller) (Gastéropode pulmoné stylommatophore)." Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN10063.
Full textMorin, Philippe-Israël. "Acclimatation à la nuit polaire puis au retour de la lumière chez la diatomée arctique Fragilariopsis cylindrus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27908.
Full textPolar winter in the Arctic can last as long as 6 months each year at high latitude. During this period, no light is available for photoautotrophic growth. Nevertheless, when light returns in spring, a sea-ice algae and phytoplankton bloom develops in the surface ocean layers. Therefore, the following questions can be asked: How do photoautotrophic communities (mainly diatoms) survive through winter darkness until light returns in spring? What are the physiological mechanisms underlying such survival? Our goal was to understand the acclimation processes at stake in both darkness and during the return to light by closely looking at the changes in intra-cellular content and functional capacity of a polar sea-ice diatom, Fragilariopsis cylindrus. We measured a set of parameters at specific time-points: the first days and first weeks up to 3 months of darkness, and the first hours up to 6 days upon return to light. This set included cell number and cytometry, cellular carbon and nitrogen quotas, lipid and pigment contents, fluorescence determinations, photosynthetic proteins (D1, RUBISCO), photosynthetic parameters and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). A rather stable state was reached few days following transition to dark and was maintained throughout until the return of light: stable cell size and number, low energy reserve consumption, slow decrease of photosynthetic pigments and very low photosynthetic capacities. Subsequent transition to light after 1.5 months induced strong NPQ activity and reassembly/renewal of photosynthetic components, followed by metabolic recovery and cell growth. Transition after 3 months showed a much slower recovery and no cell growth, highlighting the increase of potential mortality with longer periods of darkness.
Rivest, David. "Cultures intercalaires avec arbres feuillus : effets sur la disponibilité de la lumière, la qualité du sol et la productivité des plantes associées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25845/25845.pdf.
Full textPineault, Nathalie. "Effets des types de vitrage sur la qualité de l'éclairage naturel : étude expérimentale à l'aide d'une maquette à échelle réduite d'une salle de séjour." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21093.
Full textThe use of tinted and coated glazing is one of the strategies that can improve energy efficiency of residential buildings. However, these glazing types modify the quantity and quality of daylight in the building and these modifications affect the visual perception of the interior and view out. This effect is probably more important to consider in spaces dedicated to contemplation, such as a residential living room, because more attention is allocated to the room’s ambience. However, most studies in this area have been conducted in a work environment and no studies have been conducted in a residential environment. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of glazing type on daylight quality in residential spaces. The experience was conducted using a scale model of a typical living room where the glazing type was interchangeable. Seven glazing samples provided by local manufacturers were tested. The participants looked inside the model and evaluated daylighting qualities according to each glazing type. Furthermore, the transmitted light colour was studied and analysed by a digital photo analysis. The main results confirmed most of the work hypotheses and corroborated some results of previous research. Among these results, it was found that the glazing type influences the perception of light level, naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Also, the correlation between visual transmittance and the qualitative factors confirms the hypothesis that glazing types of a higher visual transmittance produce more positive ratings regarding the perception of naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Furthermore, results suggest that for a similar transmittance (82 and 83%), participants preferred an iron-free double pane glazing to a standard double pane glazing, which is probably due to the spectral neutrality of the iron-free glazing. Finally, this research indicates that glazing types with a strong green shift are generally disliked.
Ruppert, Elisabeth. "Influence non-circadienne de la lumière sur les comportements : identification des structures impliquées et application clinique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ102/document.
Full textLight influences physiology and behavior through both types of non-image-forming effects: i) indirect, synchronizing the circadian master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), ii) direct effects, independent from the circadian process though mechanisms poorly understood. Our studies in mice demonstrate that the direct influence of light constitutes a key mechanism of regulation for sleep, alertness and mood and is as important as the circadian process. The direct effects of light are mainly mediated through melanopsin, a retinal photopigment that projects to the different structures of the brain such as the SCN and the VLPO. The SCN, beyond their role as circadian clock are also a relay system for the direct effects of light. Further, we validated Arvicanthis ansorgei as a diurnal model for the study of sleep regulatory mechanisms. This is an important step in the translational approach from animal research to applications in humans. Various data suggest that the direct effects of light interact with the dopaminergic system. In the last part of this thesis, we evaluated the indication of bright light therapy in dopaminergic pathologies (Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, mood disorders). These advances open up new perspectives for possible applications of light therapy and may help improving societal lightening conditions
Cheaib, Alissar. "Effets de la limitation croisée en phosphore et en lumière sur la croissance et la morphogénèse aérienne et racinaire de jeunes plants de pin maritime." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13289.
Full textCombe, Charlotte. "Effets quantitatifs et qualitatifs de la lumière sur la croissance des microalgues en culture dense et sur leur production de molécules d'intérêt : vers l’optimisation des procédés de production de microalgues." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066120/document.
Full textMicroalgae are a promising source of third generation biofuels. The interest on these photosynthetic microorganisms also lies within the extent of the spectrum of molecules that they can produce, such as proteins, pigments, and vitamins. Nevertheless, further progress is still necessary to reduce the economic and environmental costs of cultivation processes and to ensure the viability of this sector. In particular, better understanding of the effect of light on the productivity of dense cultures is an essential step to optimize these processes. The aim of this thesis is to study the quantitative and qualitative effects of light on growth and acclimation mechanisms of two species of microalgae with high biotechnological interest ; Dunaliella salina and Tisochrysis lutea. The first part of this thesis examines the response of Dunaliella salina to rapid light changes, by reproducing irradiance fluctuations typically experienced by microalgal cells in a highly turbid suspension in raceway ponds. In the second part, we analyzed the response of Dunaliella salina and Tisochrysis lutea to different light spectra. Our experimental and theoretical approach allowed us to identify the effect of colored light on productivity and pigment composition of microalgae. Furthermore, our results offer encouraging prospects for elevate understanding and use of light and improve the energy performance of these processes
L'Haridon, Jacques. "Influence de la lumière sur les potentialités toxiques et génotoxiques d'eaux polluées par des hydrocarbures chez l'amphibien Pleurodeles Waltl." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30059.
Full textBélanger, Jérôme. "Effets de la photopériode et de la température nocturne lors de la croissance des transplants de laitue iceberg et romaine (Lactuca sativa L.) en serre sur l'incidence de la montaison au champ." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25431/25431.pdf.
Full textProvencher, Cindy. "Détermination des effets de la quantité et de la qualité spectrale de la lumière naturelle sur l'apoptose chez des larves de perchaude (Perca Flavescens)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2704/1/030294496.pdf.
Full textDelagrange, Sylvain. "Influence de la disponibilité en lumière et de la taille sur les attributs fonctionnels et le bilan de carbone de l'arbre." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0111_DELAGRANGE.pdf.
Full textAt the individual tree scale, species shade tolerance abilities are govemed by the sum of numerous traits, which, in tum, define tree carbon balance. Ln this study, contrasting scales of processes (leaf physiology, crown morphology and biomass partitioning) as weIl as the individual integrated functioning (light interception efficiency, above- and below-ground gas exchanges) were studied on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh. , a shade tolerant species) and yellow birch (Betula allghaniensis _ritt. , a mid shade tolerant species). Results showed the additional importance of individual size, alone or in interaction with light availability, in the variation of seedling performance. Thus, species shade tolerance may not be constant during whole tree life span and may be highly dependent on the size reached by an individual under any given light environment
Élément-Boulianne, Catherine. "Influence d'un programme photopériodique alternant les jours longs et les jours courts sur la capacité de reproduction chez le bélier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23793.
Full textKrifi, Boubaker. "Incidence des facteurs d'environnement (lumière, aération, agitation) sur la stabilité de la couleur du jus d'oranges sanguines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL123N.
Full textCollard, Amélie. "Réponses des plantes de sous-bois au retrait expérimental du cerf de Virginie dans les forêts du sud du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26196/26196.pdf.
Full textWe examined the response of understory plants to deer exclusion in maple-dominated forests of southern Québec following nearly 30 years of deer overabundance. Six maple forests were selected for the study and at each site one deer exclosure and one control were established in 1998. One exclosure and one control at each of the same sites were established in 2003 under recent gap openings. We investigated deer impacts on the richness, abundance, and aboveground biomass of different plant groups. None of these variables differed significantly between treatments over the years under both forest cover and gaps, except for tree seedlings and total plant abundance under gaps. Trillium erectum recovered partially as individuals were taller and reproduced more frequently in deer exclosures under forest cover. Overall, our results suggest that plant groups did not recover from deer exclusion, likely because of low light levels that prevail in maple-dominated forests.
Vialatte, Anne. "Effets des entrées énergétiques sur les composés azotés dans la haute atmosphère de la Terre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY066/document.
Full textSpace weather is the study of the Solar activity’s impact on Earth’s space environment. This is relevant as it may have serious consequences over modern technology, such as high-voltage power lines grids or telecommu- nication systems via satellites. Solar activity is also the phenomenon that causes the aurorae, which can be seen in Earth’s upper atmosphere, at the poles, at the base of magnetic field lines. Due to this aurorae may be used as a proxy for the study of Solar particles trapped in Earth’s magnetic field.Auroral emissions are complex, as they are spread over various altitudes and wide spectral ranges. Therefore, they remain an observational chal- lenge.Emissions from atomic lines transitions in aurorae are well documented and understood, but this is not always the case for molecular emissions. These are a potential source of information on energetic inputs from the magnetosphere. This is the context in which the ATISE (Auroral Thermo- spheric and Ionospheric Spectrometer Experiment) nanosatellite was designed in the Grenoble University Space Center. Its purpose will be to observe Earth’s upper atmosphere through the acquisition of spectra in near-UV and visible domains.Dinitrogen N2 and its ion N2+ are major components of Earth’s atmos- phere at larges altitudes, and therefore a logical choice in order to define molecular emission observability. On the other hand, nitrogen monoxide NO is a minor component in the thermosphere, but has a key role in stra- tospheric ozone destruction, and therefore has important consequences on the climate.Auroral emissions, and more particularly their vertical profiles and in- tensities were studied with the TRANS model, which solves the Boltzmann equation for electron transport in the atmosphere. We used these results to define the scientific requisites for the ATISE mission. In a second phase, we tested and analyzed the results of a ground demonstrator of the instru- mentation that will be found in the nanosatellite. It showed great potential, despite the fact that part of the specifications are not yet fulfilled. Finally, still looking for new observables quantities for space weather, we studied the polarisation of auroral light, with a focus on the 427,8 nm band of N2+
Lesage, Isabelle. "Effets d'un gradient de lumière et de compétition intraspécifique sur la croissance et la morphologie de la cime du sapin baumier (Abies Balsamea (L.) Mill.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25794.pdf.
Full textVilleneuve, Aurélie. "Effets conjoints de facteurs physiques (lumière et vitesse du courant) et chimiques (pesticides) sur la structure et la composition du périphyton : une approche multi-échelles." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS060.
Full textThis work focuses on the general assumption that, in aquatic environments, changes in physical factors (light intensity and current velocity) can lead to a change in the dynamic an/or structure composition of the periphyton and thus in its response to pollutants. This assumption was tested 1) in systems of increasing complexity going from experimental approaches (microcosms and mesocosms) to in situ approaches, and 2) for variations of low intensity of the physical and chemical factors as observed in the environment
Naud, Julie. "Espèces herbacées médicinales de sous-bois, cultivées en érablière sous différentes conditions de lumière et de sol, dans le sud du Québec (Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26024/26024.pdf.
Full textRobert, Audrey. "Modélisation de l'effet de la topographie sur la dynamique et la structure de peuplements forestiers hétérogènes." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10199.
Full textPillet, Jérémy. "Impact du microclimat sur le métabolisme de la baie de raisin." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21863/document.
Full textGlobal warming will affect berry metabolism, and especially phenylpropanoïd contents. This PhD work aimed to acquire a better understanding on the cellular processus linking the microclimate and the phenolic synthesis. By molecular and biochemical approaches, we extended this study to detail specific responses taking place in berries under heat and light stress.Transcriptomic analysis of heat-stressed and light-stressed berries showed the existence of two processes that occur in exposed berries. The first one triggers a rapid and transient expression of genes within the first hours of treatment. The second one mobilizes a set of genes showing increase in their expression after several days of stress exposure. Furthermore, this study validated the experimental set used to discriminate the effects of light and temperature, respectively.Expression analysis of 20 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway revealed strong differences among the transcriptional responses, depending on the nature of stress and the developmental stage of the berry. However, expression patterns of genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoid could not fully explain the changes in anthocyanin and flavonol contents. This suggests that additional regulation processes such as post-traductional modifications of enzymes or metabolite degradation might take place in berries under abiotic stress. Anthocyanin content decreases under heat stress whereas flavonol content increases under high light. Malic acid increases in berry exposed to heat stress and high light. Moreover, heat-stressed berries showed an accumulation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and lysine in skin but not in pulp.In parallel, a metabolomic analysis was initiated on stress exposed berry skins by using UPLC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap™ technology. The first experiments revealed contrasted metabolite contents in berries according to the stress applied, and highlighted several metabolites of interest. The preliminary assays will help optimize this powerful tool for futures analysis.Finally, expression of VvGOLS1 (Galactinol synthase 1) was strongly induced in grape berries exposed to heat stress, in good agreement with the observed galactinol accumulation. Role of galactinol as a signaling molecule is discussed. Transient expression experiments revealed that VvGOLS1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level through VvHsfA2 action. VvHsfA2 expression is also stimulated under heat stress. In this context, characterization of the grapevine heat stress factors was initiated
Arthaut, Louis-David. "Effets de la lumière bleue et du champ magnétique sur la synthèse des ROS par le cryptochrome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS400.
Full textCryptochromes are photoreceptors that absorb blue light, they are found in animals and plants and have multiple signaling roles. In plants they can regulate growth, development, circadian rhythms or stress; in animals they also regulate circadian rhythms and stress responses. Their activation in the presence of blue light is reflected biochemically by the photoreduction of the flavin which is associated with these proteins, this cofactor then triggers a conformational change of the C-terminus domain that will allow the binding of cryptochromes to multiple partners responsible for signaling. Today, research on the functioning of cryptochromes is based on new fields of study, among them are their link with the ROS and their sensitivity to magnetic fields. In our work we show for the first time that animal cryptochromes can also directly synthesize some ROS after activation in blue light, and that this synthesis which is also observed in plants has a signaling role. Finally, we have linked their magnetoreception property with their ROS synthesis in animal cell models
Chappuis, Johanna. "Modélisation des éffets d'installation sur le rayonnement de turboréacteurs : Méthodes analytiques et numériques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2089_jchappuis.pdf.
Full textEngine noise reduction has been achieved thanks to the use of high bypass ratio engines and to inlet and axhaust duct treatments made of adapted acoustical absorbing materials. However, facing more and more stringent requirements, noise prediction models have to be more and more accurate and it is nor possible anymore to neglect the interactions between acoustic waves and airplane surfaces due to engine installation effect. This work deals with modeling of these installation effects and theassessment of the effect of the plane on the acoustic raiation by turbofan inlet and exhaust ducts. The main objective is the development of prediction tools involve analytical methods based on simplified geometries and aerodynamic conditions. Analytically, the contributions wing and the fuselage have been separated, physics being different in both cases. The first analytical method is dedicated to the modeling of difraction by flat screens and calculates an exact solution of the wave equation associated with boundary conditions on rigid half-plane with no thicckness. In the presence of uniform flow, the theory of diffraction to calculate the diffracting effect of a cylinder under the high-frequency assumption. The considered numerical approach for installation effect stuy implying large size domains, it is base on a domain decomposition and a weak coupling principle. The method accuracy is demonstrated bu comparision with test campaign resukts leading to a good overall agreement with numerical predictions. In addition, a new source model is proposed to reproduce the behaviour of given mode (m,n) at the exit duct section by an association of monopoles: this considerably improves the installation effect prediction by analytical methods
Larivière, Jade. "Photoacclimatation chez une diatomée arctique (Thalassiosira gravida) dans un contexte de fonte précoce des glaces en arctique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26421.
Full textBéchard-Dubé, Steffi-Anne. "Effets de l'environnement lumineux et de l'âge foliaire sur la croissance, la capacité photosynthétique et la production protéique chez Nicotiana benthamiana." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26972.
Full textCette étude visait à caractériser la croissance, la capacité photosynthétique, la concentration en azote et protéines totales solubles, la production de protéines recombinantes (HA) ainsi que la quantité de lumière interceptée à différents stades de développement de plants de Nicotiana benthamiana afin d’optimiser la production de vaccins. L’évolution des réponses physiologiques étudiées fut similaire chez toutes les feuilles primaires, suggérant que le processus de sénescence s’initie et progresse de façon semblable indépendamment de leur ordre d’initiation. Toutefois, la superposition des patrons temporels de sénescence et de croissance foliaire a mené à un rendement HA maximal se situant invariablement dans la partie médiane du plant lorsqu’exprimé sur une base foliaire. À l’échelle du plant entier, nos résultats suggèrent qu’il est possible d’augmenter la production de vaccins en récoltant les plants à un stade de développement plus tardif, ou en augmentant la densité de culture et en récoltant ces plants plus tôt.
Nicotiana benthamiana is a wild relative of tobacco increasingly used as a plant protein expression platform to produce recombinant vaccine antigens against the influenza virus. Investigation on the physiological determinants of this production is essential to optimize and regulate vaccines production following a new flu outbreak. We examined the photosynthetic photon flux density, growth, light-saturated photosynthesis, total soluble protein, nitrogen content and recombinant protein production at different phenological stages. The similar evolution of the studied physiological responses suggested that the senescence process is initiated and progresses in a similar way in all primary leaves, regardless of the order of initiation. In contrast, the superposition of the time pattern of senescence with that of leaf growth shows that maximal HA yield expressed on a leaf basis is invariably located in the middle part of the plant. At the whole plant scale, our results suggest that it is possible to increase the production of antigens by harvesting plants at a later developmental stage, or by increasing plant density and harvesting these plants earlier.
Croteau, Dany, and Dany Croteau. "Succession saisonnière et écophysiologie des diatomées arctiques : relation entre l'habitat, la niche lumineuse et la stratégie photoadaptative." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37724.
Full textL’environnement lumineux de l’Océan Arctique est unique en raison d’interactions complexes entre la lumière et le couvert de glace de mer enneigé, et les oscillations de photopériodes extrêmes. Le succès des organismes photosynthétiques arctiques suggère donc des mécanismes de régulation flexibles qui permettent la survie lors de longues périodes d’obscurités, la capture de photons dans la pénombre sous la glace et la photoprotection rapide lors d’éclairements excessifs soudains. Les diatomées sont les producteurs primaires arctiques principaux. Elles exploitent le continuum de niches lumineuses induit par la transformation saisonnière de leur habitat au cours d’une succession de formes de vie sympagiques (glace) et planctoniques (eau). Lorsque la photosynthèse sature, les diatomées dissipent l’énergie lumineuse excessive en chaleur via le quenching non-photochimique (NPQ), principalement contrôlé par l’action du cycle des pigments xanthophylles (XC). Généralement, chez les diatomées, l’opération de ces mécanismes de photoprotection est finement adaptée à leur niche lumineuse. Cependant, peu d’études se sont intéressées aux souches arctiques, malgré les profonds contrastes de niches lumineuses qu’elles surmontent (glace, sous la glace, eaux de fontes, eaux libres). Ce manque de données entrave nos capacités à anticiper l’impact de l’intensification de l’environnement lumineux de l’océan Arctique, causée par la réduction de la superficie et de l’épaisseur du couvert neige-glace, sur l’intégrité écosystémique. Nous avons étudié les réponses à la lumière de cinq espèces de diatomées arctiques représentatives des différentes phases et habitats de leur succession saisonnière. Les espèces sympagiques ont exprimé une stratégie photoadaptative survivaliste, caractérisée par une croissance saturée à faible éclairement et un fort NPQ longuement maintenu à l’obscurité. Les espèces planctoniques ont montré une plus grande flexibilité d’exploitation de la lumière et une importante photoprotection activée par des éclairements intense et l’obscurité prolongée. Ces stratégies photoadaptatives divergentes gouverneront probablement des réponses hétérogènes à l’intensification de l’environnement lumineux arctique.
Over their highly productive seasonal succession, Arctic diatoms occupy shifting habitats and contrasted light climates defined by snow/ice cover dynamics and extreme photoperiod variations. These unique light environment features suggest Arctic diatoms are well adapted to survive prolonged darkness periods, exploit minimal light in snow-covered sea-ice and overcome spontaneous excessive, and potentially harmful, light exposures. Diatoms mitigate photooxidative damages by dissipating oversaturating light energy as heat via the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), mainly regulated by the xanthophyll cycle (XC). How heterogeneous light niches influence Arctic diatoms photoadaptative traits remains largely unknown and a crucial missing link to apprehend Arctic Ocean’s response to shrinking sea-ice and increasing illumination. To address this question, we selected five Arctic diatoms species harbouring diverse life traits and representative of distinct phases across the seasonal light niche continuum: from snow-covered dimly lit bottom sea-ice to summer stratified waters. To access how Arctic diatoms cope with a heterogeneous light environment, we studied their acclimation to two light intensities and subsequent darkness incubations, and parametrized NPQ-XC induction upon light shifts. Our results highlight the sea-ice cover as a strong selective force shaping Arctic diatoms photoadaptative strategies. Ice-related species exhibited a survivalist photoadaptive strategy with growth saturating at low irradiance and strong photoprotective capabilities sustained even in darkness. Open-water species photophysiology was more dynamic, expressing flexible light utilisation capacities and great photoprotection capacities triggered by high light and darkness. Ice-edge species showed strong adaptation to light fluctuations and dark physiology fine-tuned depending upon light history. We argue that diverging photoadaptative strategies foster Arctic diatom success in their respective seasonal niches and will likely drive uneven responses to a transforming Arctic Ocean.
Over their highly productive seasonal succession, Arctic diatoms occupy shifting habitats and contrasted light climates defined by snow/ice cover dynamics and extreme photoperiod variations. These unique light environment features suggest Arctic diatoms are well adapted to survive prolonged darkness periods, exploit minimal light in snow-covered sea-ice and overcome spontaneous excessive, and potentially harmful, light exposures. Diatoms mitigate photooxidative damages by dissipating oversaturating light energy as heat via the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), mainly regulated by the xanthophyll cycle (XC). How heterogeneous light niches influence Arctic diatoms photoadaptative traits remains largely unknown and a crucial missing link to apprehend Arctic Ocean’s response to shrinking sea-ice and increasing illumination. To address this question, we selected five Arctic diatoms species harbouring diverse life traits and representative of distinct phases across the seasonal light niche continuum: from snow-covered dimly lit bottom sea-ice to summer stratified waters. To access how Arctic diatoms cope with a heterogeneous light environment, we studied their acclimation to two light intensities and subsequent darkness incubations, and parametrized NPQ-XC induction upon light shifts. Our results highlight the sea-ice cover as a strong selective force shaping Arctic diatoms photoadaptative strategies. Ice-related species exhibited a survivalist photoadaptive strategy with growth saturating at low irradiance and strong photoprotective capabilities sustained even in darkness. Open-water species photophysiology was more dynamic, expressing flexible light utilisation capacities and great photoprotection capacities triggered by high light and darkness. Ice-edge species showed strong adaptation to light fluctuations and dark physiology fine-tuned depending upon light history. We argue that diverging photoadaptative strategies foster Arctic diatom success in their respective seasonal niches and will likely drive uneven responses to a transforming Arctic Ocean.