Academic literature on the topic 'Agnes Guild'
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Journal articles on the topic "Agnes Guild"
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Thistlewood, David. "A. J. Penty (1875-1937) and the Legacy of 19th-Century English Domestic Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 4 (1987): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990272.
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Arthur J. Penty, an English architect in private practice in York at the turn of the century, became associated with Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin as a freelance designer and exerted a fundamentally important (though largely unsung) influence on the stylistic principles now associated with Parker and Unwin's work at the First Garden City, Letchworth (founded 1903) and at Hampstead Garden Suburb in London (commenced 1905). He was a competent Arts and Crafts designer during a late phase of this idiom's effectiveness in England, believing it to be both culturally and socially appropriate in its reflection of the English temperament and its demand for high quality production. His concerns for the latter prompted him to be an architectural theorist, to popularize the work of Voysey and Lethaby, and to advocate greater on-site collaboration between architects and craftsmen and the virtual abolition of designing on paper. It also persuaded him to become a political activist and to originate a movement-Guild Socialism-which placed great faith in the potential governance of education and production by restored crafts guilds and which enjoyed a brief moment of success in the form of a National Guilds League just after the First World War. Medievalism is the key concept linking all aspects of his life's work-his devotion to the teachings of Morris, his respect for likeminded 19th-century practical idealists, his wish to encourage a return to systems of quality control and production effective in the Middle Ages, and his "medievalist" detailing of several of Parker and Unwin's landmark buildings.
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Anheim, Étienne. "The History and Historiography of Guild Hierarchies in the Middle Ages." Annales (English ed.) 68, no. 04 (2013): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000145.
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Philippe Bernardi’s Maître, valet et apprenti au Moyen Âge. Essai sur une production bien ordonnée, examines the traditional triptych of master craftsman, journeyman, and apprentice, considered to be characteristic of medieval production. By focusing on “work statuses,” Bernardi moves away from an overly narrow legal approach to social status, in which production tends to go largely unanalyzed or else is considered only in curtailed form—as in the model of the three orders where, applying solely to “those who work,” forms of production play only a minor role in social ordering. The originality of his approach lies in the way he constructs his object of study: work hierarchies. These are systematically addressed both in historical terms, on the basis of medieval archives (using the example of Provence in from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century), and in historiographical terms, by examining the models according to which these archives have been interpreted since the nineteenth century. Applying tools drawn from the history of science to medieval history, Bernardi thus uncovers the mechanisms that have shaped our knowledge of medieval society since the nineteenth century, showing that the master-journeyman-apprentice triptych is a representation originating in normative sources that has become a historiographical model, but which does not account for medieval production as it appears in sources relating to practice. Moving beyond this normative view, Bernardi shows that work statuses were mostly relational and functioned as a series of binary oppositions—a reality concealed behind a historiographical discourse woven not only through intellectual experience and critical thinking, but also by beliefs, values, and forms of activism.
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Wilson, Katherine Anne. "Commerce and Consumers: The Ubiquitous Chest of the Late Middle Ages." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 51, no. 3 (2020): 377–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01591.
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Contrary to their ubiquity within written, visual, and material sources, chests have largely remained overlooked in studies of the late Middle Ages. Bill Brown’s “thing theory” helps to explicate the ways in which chests can transform from unnoticed “things” in the background to meaningful “objects” when viewed through their entanglements with commercial, consumer, political, and moral concerns. The interdisciplinary study of chests in the late Middle Ages brings together a range of evidence including inventories, guild accounts, court pleas, contemporary writings, images, and material culture from Burgundy, France, and England.
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Bernardi, M. P., and D. Watters. "SH18�BARBER-SURGEONS: A DOOMED GUILD OF MASTERS AND MISTERS IN THE MIDDLE AGES." ANZ Journal of Surgery 79 (May 2009): A77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2009.04931_18.x.
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De Munck, B. "Gilding golden ages: perspectives from early modern Antwerp on the guild debate, c. 1450 - c. 1650." European Review of Economic History 15, no. 2 (2011): 221–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1361491611000050.
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Goddard, Richard. "The art of solidarity in the middle ages: guilds in England, 1250–1550." Social History 41, no. 1 (2016): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2015.1112972.
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Ely, Gretchen E., William R. Nugent, and Chris Flaherty. "The Relationship Between Dating Violence and Psychosocial Problems in a Sample of Adolescent Pregnancy Termination Patients." Violence and Victims 24, no. 5 (2009): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.5.577.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between dating violence and 13 psychosocial problems, conceptually organized into three symptom clusters—depressive, family problem, and posttraumatic stress—was investigated in a sample of adolescent pregnancy termination patients, ages 14 to 21. Results of a multivariate multiple-regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for age, ethnicity, general aggression problems, and problems with peers, dating violence was significantly related with the symptoms clusters. At the univariate level, the results suggested that dating violence was significantly related with self-esteem problems, guilt, and suicidal thinking from the depressive symptoms cluster and with guilt and stress from the posttraumatic stress cluster. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Veerasamy, Dayaneethie. "An Evaluation of the Emerging Teen Market in Durban, South Africa: Some Marketing Implications." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 6 (2012): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i6.338.
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Children between the ages of eight and twelve, known as teenagers or teens, have become a lucrative customer base. These teens are considered to be ‘in between’ the traditional child and teenager stages of development. South African society has undergone a sweeping change in its vital institution–the family. Trends such as smaller family size, single parent households, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life means that society is increasingly becoming cash rich and time poor. Guilt plays a major contributing role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for quality time spent with teens, therefore opening a floodgate to marketers who monopolize on this pang and guilt factor. Guilt consumerism has now transformed teens into key players in marketing strategies. This research paper aims to provide an insight into the rising consumerism in teens due to the ‘nag’ and ‘pester’ power- bug that has fuelled marketing tactics.
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Афанасьевский, Вадим Леонидович. "ORDEAL AS A METHOD OF DETERMINING GUILT: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECT." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 2(43) (August 19, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2021.37.51.001.
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В статье рассматривается ордалия в качестве историко-культурного феномена. Автор исходит из установки, согласно которой ордалия представляет собой определенный культурный текст, несущий конкретное содержание, позволяющее получить знания о функционировании предправа традиционных обществ. В Древнем мире и Средневековье судьи для определения вины/невиновности прибегали к процедуре ордалии: жребий, судебный поединок, испытание раскаленным железом, кипятком, водой. Сама процедура ордалии имела своим основанием глубоко религиозное сознание человека Древнего мира и Средних веков. Люди Средневековья были убеждены в том, что за всеми явлениями природного мира стоят сверхъестественные, трансцендентные силы, которые и вершат судьбы природных стихий, человека и человечества. Именно поэтому процедура ордалии предполагала, что вынесение судебного решения, особенно по запутанным делам, необходимо передать в руки божественных сил, то есть должен свершиться так называемый «божий суд». Смысл ордалии коренился в убеждении «Бог всегда на стороне правого!». Соответственно исход поединка и результаты различных испытаний представляют собой божественную волю, реализацию справедливости и правоты. Именно поэтому результаты ордалии по своей сущности сакральны. В связи с этим феномен ордалии органично вписывается в реальность Древнего мира и Средневековья. The article considers ordalia as a historical and cultural phenomenon. The author proceeds from the position that the ordalia is a certain cultural text that carries a specific content that allows you to gain knowledge about the functioning of the pre-rule of traditional societies. In the period of antiquity and the Middle Ages, judges resorted to the ordeal procedure to determine guilt/innocence: a lot, a judicial duel, a test with hot jelly, boiling water, water. The ordeal procedure itself was based on the deeply religious consciousness of the man of the Ancient world and the Middle Ages. The people of the Middle Ages were deeply convinced that behind all the phenomena of the natural world there are supernatural, transcendent forces that decide the fate of the natural elements, man and humanity. That is why the ordeal procedure assumed that the adjudication of court decisions, especially in complicated cases, must be transferred to the hands of divine forces, that is, the so-called «God's judgment» must take place. The meaning of the ordeal was rooted in the belief «God is always on the side of the right!». Accordingly, the outcome of the duel and the results of various tests represent the divine will, the realization of justice and rightness. That is why the results of the ordeal are essentially sacred. In this regard, the phenomenon of Ordalia fits seamlessly into the reality of the Ancient world and the Middle Ages.
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Mann, Frank D., Sara L. Paul, Jennifer L. Tackett, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, and K. Paige Harden. "Personality risk for antisocial behavior: Testing the intersections between callous–unemotional traits, sensation seeking, and impulse control in adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 1 (2017): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941700061x.
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AbstractThe current project seeks to integrate literatures on personality risk for antisocial behavior (ASB) by examining how callous–unemotional traits relate to (a) the development of disinhibited traits and (b) the association between disinhibited traits and ASB. In Study 1, using a nationally representative sample of youth (N > 7,000), we examined whether conduct problems and lack of guilt assessed during ages 4–10 years predicted levels of and changes in disinhibited traits over the course of adolescence, and moderated associations between these traits and ASB. High levels of childhood conduct problems were associated with higher levels of impulsivity, sensation seeking, and ASB in early adolescence, whereas lack of guilt was associated with lower levels of sensation seeking. Neither conduct problems nor lack of guilt significantly predicted changes in impulsivity or sensation seeking, and associations among changes in sensation seeking, impulsivity, and ASB were also consistent across levels of conduct problems and lack of guilt. In Study 2, using a cross-sectional sample of adolescents (N = 970), we tested whether callous–unemotional traits moderated associations between disinhibited traits and ASB. Consistent with the results of Study 1, associations between disinhibited personality and ASB were consistent across a continuous range of callous–unemotional traits.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agnes Guild"
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Riviere, Francois. "Travail et métiers en Normandie à la fin du Moyen Âge : institutions professionnelles et régulation économique." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0022.
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Dans la Normandie médiévale, à partir de la fin du XIIIe siècle, le terme de métier peut désigner une catégorie d’institutions professionnelles reconnue par les contemporains. À partir de cette époque, les modalités d’application de la réglementation économique propre à ces métiers émergent dans la documentation. Elles se caractérisent notamment par le rôle de gardes désignés avec la participation du groupe professionnel régulé. Cette évolution accompagne la deuxième révolution de l’écrit, qui accentue la mise par écrit des normes. Les statuts de métiers, qui fixent le fonctionnement d’organisations professionnelles, s’intègrent dans le développement d’une réglementation plus détaillée, dont la diffusion géographique est corrélée à la hiérarchie urbaine. Le recoupement des sources normatives avec les archives judiciaires et comptables a permis de compléter le panorama des institutions de métiers normandes, qui inclut des bourgs comme Elbeuf ou Neufchâtel-en-Bray, voire des activités rurales comme la poterie ou la métallurgie. L’analyse quantitative d’un corpus couvrant 60 ressorts juridictionnels atteste sa représentativité et suggère une diversification des institutions de métiers, au-delà des biais documentaires qui ont parfois trompé l’historiographie, notamment à propos de la conflictualité. L’amélioration des sources disponibles autorise des études de cas sur Rouen, mais aussi sur la seigneurie de Louviers, sur les baronnies d’Elbeuf et de Roncheville et sur la minière de Beaumont à Saint-Rémy-sur-Orne. Les comparaisons révèlent les limites de l’autonomie des organisations de métiers dans la sanction des règles professionnelles, malgré quelques exceptions comme les juridictions corporatives du maître des férons de Normandie ou du prévôt des tanneurs de Rouen. Cependant, l’expertise sur la qualité et sur la qualification, tout comme les procédures d’entrée en apprentissage et de maîtrise, paraissent souvent échapper aux autorités jusqu’à la fin du XIVe siècle, et le recours aux juridictions supérieures reste fluctuant au XVe siècle. L’identité des organisations de métiers se polarise autour de leurs gardes, assermentés devant les autorités, plutôt que de se cristalliser dans des communautés dont les contours restent mouvants. De ce fait, l’action collective des groupes professionnels ne se formalise que très progressivement et sort souvent du cadre des institutions de métiers, même si la consultation des communautés est une étape importante dans la genèse de la réglementation professionnelle. La formalisation des institutions de métiers relève d’un développement du droit écrit, dont les usages par des associations professionnelles ou par les autorités varient en fonction des circonstances<br>In medieval Normandy, from the end of the XIIIth century, the word métier (craft) could refer to a category of profession-based institutions that were clearly identified by the contemporary society. Dating from that period, the documentation also sheds a new light on the modes of enforcement of the economic rules which are particular to these craft institutions. Among their main characteristics was the role of craft officers (gardes du métier) who were appointed in agreement with the craft group. This evolution goes with the second "writing revolution" which developed the use of written norms. In this study, craft rules are therefore defined as a type of source which sets the structures of craft organisations. The development of this type of source was only part of the expansion of more detailed professional rules, whose geographic diffusion reflects the urban hierarchy. Judicial sources and accounts completed those normative sources and broadened the spectrum of craft institutions by including small towns like Elbeuf or Neufchâtel-en-Bray, as well as rural activities like pottery or metallurgy. The quantitative analysis of sources covering over 60 jurisdictions shows their representativity and a growth that does not entirely come from documentary biases. The diversity of places and activities ruled by craft institutions grew at the end of the Middle Ages. Better sources make case studies possible not only in Rouen but also in the jurisdictions of Louviers, of Elbeuf, of Roncheville and of the mine of Beaumont at Saint-Rémy-sur-Orne. The comparisons reveal how limited the autonomy of craft organisations concerning the enforcement of rules could be, despite a few exceptions like the master of the ironworkers of Normandy or the provost of the tanners of Rouen who had jurisdiction over their peers. However, until the end of the 14th century, the authorities seemed to lack control over the expertise on the quality of goods and on qualification, as well as over the formalities required for becoming an apprentice or a master. Even in the 15th century, the superior courts did not always intervene in such cases. The identity of craft organisations revolved more around their officers, who were sworn before higher authorities, than it depended on the shifting boundaries of the working communities. As a consequence, the collective action of workers very slowly took a formal aspect and often took place outside the craft institutions. Nevertheless, craft communities were consulted as a group about their rules. The development of formal craft institutions at the end of the Middle Ages can be linked to the growing use of written laws that were claimed by professional associations or by the authorities according to the context
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Lubbe, Linda Mary. "Jesu Kreste, Khosi ea rona, o tsohile! : a study of oral communication in an Easter Vigil." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17253.
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This dissertation examines the dynamics of the oral communication which takes place in the Easter Vigil at St. Augustine's Anglican Church, Thaba 'Nchu. The study uses an analytical framework drawn from Orality Theory and Speech Act Theory, to analyse oral communication in the preaching and singing of the Vigil. Through an approach of Participant Observation, details were obtained of the Easter Vigils of 1994, 1995 and 1996. The historical and cultural background of this All-Night Vigil is traced in European Church History and African Traditional Religion. The roles of the Mothers' Union, the St. Agnes Guild and the Guild of Bernard Mizeki
are also highlighted.<br>Missiology<br>M.Th (Missiology)
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Marrion, Leslie Virginia. "Art therapists' approaches to the treatment of body image distortion and guilt in sexually-abused girls ages 4, 8, and 13." Thesis, 1990. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9466.
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(Finkelhor, 1986; Haugaard & Dickon Reppucci, 1988) have
concluded that there is insufficient information on how to
treat child sexual abuse (CSA). The reported incidence of
CSA has substantially increased, hence, the need for
treatment approaches has escalated. The purpose of this
study was to provide clinicians who treat CSA with a
descriptive account of the methods currently used by art
therapists to treat sexually-abused children of differing
ages who present with different issues.
One hundred and forty-six certified and/or diplomaed art
therapists, aged 26 to 66, who had training and experience in
CSA treatment were solicited through the national art therapy
associations in Canada and the United States. They responded
to case-simulation surveys which consisted of a case history,
photograph, and self-portrait of a hypothetical sexually abused
girl aged 4, 8, or 13 who presented with either the
issue of body image distortion or guilt. Open-ended or
multiple choice research questions on the art therapist's
treatment approach, choice of media, directives, use of time,
use of therapeutic interactions, use of debriefing process,
opinions on the function of art in the session, and method of
evaluation were utilized to obtain a qualitative description
of the art therapy approach to working with a child of a
certain age presenting with a particular issue.
A content analysis of the qualitative data resulted in
the identification of thematic categories which described the
goals, directives, debriefing process, and the function of
art in the session. The responses to the questions on time
use and media were analyzed similarly. The frequency of
responses for the multiple choice answers and the thematic
categories were calculated and then compared across the age
and issue variables, in the form of percentages. A
comprehensive clinical description of the art therapists'
approaches to CSA treatment was obtained for the whole
sample, and across age, and issue. The subjects' responses
were paraphrased to illustrate these differences for each
question.
The main findings were: (a) art therapists addressed the
main issues of CSA, as described by traditional verbal
therapists (Sgroi, 1982), and employed both directive and
nondirective styles in their approaches; (b) art therapists
were sensitive to the developmental level of the child
depicted in the case simulation and adapted their approach
to meet the child's needs (i.e., the sessions with younger
children were characterized by different media choices,
and directives, the therapists spent more time being
supportive and nurturing, provided physical contact, snacks,
used art-as-therapy, spent less time discussing and more
time playing and doing, allowing the child to work out her
issues through using her body and the media whereas with the
adolescents, art was used as psychotherapy and catharsis more
frequently and discussion and debriefing were utilized to
help change her thinking about the abuse experience), (c)
art therapists responded differently to the body image
distortion and guilt case simulations (i.e., activities
designed to solicit representations of feelings and of the
offender were more frequently reported for the guilt case
simulations while self-portraits and safe places were more
frequent in the responses to the body image distortion
case simulations, and (d) the findings on the function of
art in treating CSA replicated the earlier study by Marrion,
Landell, and Bradley (1988).
This study provided a clinical description of art
therapists' approaches to treating CSA. It illustrated the
function of the art directives, the use of media, the
debriefing process, and the art products themselves. The
descriptions of these may aid clinicians in understanding how
this sample of art therapists worked with sexually-abused
children and may prompt them to undertake training in this
discipline as a way broadening their approach to working with
sexually-abused children.<br>Graduate
Books on the topic "Agnes Guild"
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Geschichte der sozialen und privaten Versicherung im Mittelalter in den Gilden Europas. Duncker & Humblot, 2000.
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Jørgensen, Lars. Guld, magt og tro: Danske guldskatte fra oldtid og middelalder = Gold, power, and belief : Danish gold treasures from prehistory and the Middle Ages. Nationalmuseet, 1998.
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Carter, Tim. Oklahoma! Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665203.001.0001.
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Oklahoma! premiered on Broadway on 31 March 1943 under the auspices of the Theatre Guild, and today it is performed more frequently than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein musical. When this book was first published in 2007, it offered the first fully documented history of the making of the show based on archival materials, manuscripts, journalism, and other sources. The present revised edition draws still further on newly uncovered sources to provide an even clearer account of a work that many have claimed fundamentally changed Broadway musical theater. It is filled with rich and fascinating details about the play on which Oklahoma! was based (Lynn Riggs’s Green Grow the Lilacs); on what encouraged Theresa Helburn and Lawrence Langner of the Guild to bring Rodgers and Hammerstein together for their first collaboration; on how Rouben Mamoulian and Agnes de Mille became the director and choreographer; on the drafts and revisions that led the show toward its final shape; and on the rehearsals and tryouts that brought it to fruition. It also examines the lofty aspirations and the mythmaking that surrounded Oklahoma! from its very inception, and demonstrates just what made it part of its times.
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Ogilvie, Sheilagh. The European Guilds. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691137544.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Guilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, this book uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question. The book features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the “vile encroachers”—women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others—desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. It investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good, but because they benefited two powerful groups—guild members and political elites. The book shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks shape the wider economy—for good or ill.
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Singleton, William R., and Albert Gallatin] [Mackey. The French Masonic Guilds Of The Middle Ages. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2005.
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Fitzgerald, Christina M. The Drama of Masculinity and Medieval English Guild Culture (The New Middle Ages). Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
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Art of Solidarity in the Middle Ages: Guilds in England 1250-1550. Oxford University Press, 2015.
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Rosser, Gervase. Art of Solidarity in the Middle Ages: Guilds in England 1250-1550. Oxford University Press, 2017.
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Antonello, Mattone, ed. Corporazioni, gremi e artigianato tra Sardegna, Spagna e Italia nel Medioevo e nell'età moderna: 14.-19. secolo. AM&D, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Agnes Guild"
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Carter, Tim. "Contracts and Commitments." In Oklahoma! Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665203.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Theresa Helburn was initially uncertain about whether to treat Green Grow the Lilacs as a “cowboy play” with songs by the likes of Woody Guthrie and Tex Ritter, as something aspiring to higher artistic status (music by Aaron Copland or Roy Harris), or somewhere in between. Richard Rodgers also needed to deal with his longtime but collapsing partnership with Lorenz Hart. Even after Helburn had fixed on Rodgers and Hammerstein, in summer 1942, there were important decisions to be made about the director (eventually, it was Rouben Mamoulian), choreographer (Agnes de Mille, chosen because of her work on Copland’s Rodeo), and the casting of the show. The Guild approached various Hollywood stars (Deanna Durbin, Groucho Marx, Anthony Quinn, Shirley Temple) but took a different path in the end. No less troublesome was how to generate the large amount of money needed to get a musical onto the stage.
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Beckwith, Christopher I. "From College and Universitas to University." In Warriors of the Cloisters. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691155319.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the evolution of the college and universitas to university. The madrasa, the medieval Islamic college, appeared in Central Asia at least two centuries before the first college founded in Western Europe. The madrasa is an Islamicized form of the earlier Central Asian Buddhist college, the vihāra. The earliest three “universities”—the universitas guilds of Bologna, Paris, and Oxford—appear at approximately the same time in history, the late twelfth or early thirteenth century. The term “university” replaced studium generale by the end of the Middle Ages, marking the merger of the universitas, the studium generale, and the college into the early modern college-university. The chapter shows that the subsequently founded universities of Europe mostly followed the early Parisian model at first, with a universitas guild of masters plus a number of colleges.
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Barron, Caroline M. "From Guilds to Companies." In London in the Later Middle Ages. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257775.003.09.
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Rubin, Miri. "2. People and their life-styles." In The Middle Ages: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199697298.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
‘People and their life styles’ explores the routines of family and community life in rural settlements and urban centres, in private, and in public. It shows that the people of the ‘Middle Ages’ were not so different from us. Social status and gender were highly consequential. Some activities were associated with kinship, others with the search for protection. People sometimes joined others in their efforts—in a trade guild or a religious fraternity—but they also sought out patronage and guidance, from individuals who were stronger, richer, or more expert than themselves. The habit of association was strong in the European tradition.
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"Chapter 13. Guilds, Brewery Workers, and Work in Breweries." In Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812203745.207.
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Bisgaard, Lars. "The Transformation of St. Canute Guilds in the Late Middle Ages." In Vereinskultur und Zivilgesellschaft in Nordosteuropa / Associational Culture and Civil Society in North Eastern Europe, edited by Jörg Hackmann. Böhlau Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412215293.77.
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Firey, Abigail. "Useful Guilt: Canonists and Penance on the Carolingian Frontier 1." In Readers, Texts and Compilers in the Earlier Middle Ages. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315245324-3.
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"From Commercial Guilds to Commercial Law: Spanish Company Regulations (1737–1848)." In The Company in Law and Practice: Did Size Matter? (Middle Ages-Nineteenth Century). Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004351868_009.
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"Making Size Matter Less: Italian Firms and Merchant Guilds in Late Medieval Bruges." In The Company in Law and Practice: Did Size Matter? (Middle Ages-Nineteenth Century). Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004351868_004.
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Botticini, Maristella, and Zvi Eckstein. "Segregation or Choice?" In The Chosen Few. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691144870.003.0009.
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This chapter assesses the argument that both their exclusion from craft and merchant guilds and usury bans on Christians segregated European Jews into moneylending during the Middle Ages. Already during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, moneylending was the occupation par excellence of the Jews in England, France, and Germany and one of the main professions of the Jews in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and other locations in western Europe. Based on the historical information and the economic theory presented in earlier chapters, the chapter advances an alternative explanation that is consistent with the salient features that mark the history of the Jews: the Jews in medieval Europe voluntarily entered and later specialized in moneylending because they had the key assets for being successful players in credit markets—capital, networking, literacy and numeracy, and contract-enforcement institutions.