Journal articles: 'Agonist deslorelin'

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Cermakova, E., M. Oliveri, Z. Knotkova, and Z. Knotek. "Effect of a GnRH agonist (deslorelin) on ovarian activity in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)." Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 5 (May 28, 2019): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/167/2018-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of deslorelin acetate in the regulation of reproductive activity in captive leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius). Fourteen healthy adult females were separated into two groups. Under general anaesthesia, deslorelin acetate implants (4.7 mg) or placebo implants were administered into the coelom of ten female geckos and four female geckos, respectively. One healthy adult male Leopard gecko was added to each group of females (five females with GnRH implants and two females with placebo implants). The geckos were regularly monitored over two breeding seasons (visual examination, weight control). Nesting sites were checked daily. There were no postoperative complications or any other health problems during the study. Implant administration did not result in long-term suppression of reproductive function. No significant differences were found in the number of clutches between the female groups (deslorelin implants versus placebo implants) or in the number of clutches between the two breeding seasons. Deslorelin acetate implants did not interfere with ovarian activity in captive female leopard geckos. The use of GnRH agonist implants is not an appropriate method for control of reproductive function in female leopard geckos.

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Schäfer-Somi, Sabine, Duygu Kaya, and Selim Aslan. "Prepubertal Use of Long-Term GnRH Agonists in Dogs: Current Knowledge and Recommendations." Animals 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172267.

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The search for an alternative approach of estrus control (induction or suppression) in dogs is an important issue and the use of slow GnRH agonist-releasing implants has been the subject of frequent research in recent years. Studies to date demonstrate that the short- and long-term effects of deslorelin implants applicated at different time points of the prepubertal period are similar to those of adult dogs; however, there are important differences. The age of the prepubertal bitch and the dosage appear to be the main determinants of the response to deslorelin, as well as the individual metabolism of the bitch. Recent studies reported that the deslorelin-mediated long-term delay of puberty does not have negative carry-over effects on subsequent ovarian functionality, serum steroid hormone concentrations, uterine health, and fertility; however, more molecular studies are needed to determine the effects of application time of GnRH agonists on hormone concentrations and peripheral receptor expression. Furthermore, the long-term effects of delay of puberty with deslorelin on joint health, tumor development, the immune system, and social behavior deserve further investigations.

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Herbert, C. A., T. E. Trigg, M. B. Renfree, G. Shaw, D. C. Eckery, and D. W. Cooper. "Long-term effects of deslorelin implants on reproduction in the female tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)." Reproduction 129, no. 3 (March 2005): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00432.

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The contraceptive and endocrine effects of long-term treatment with implants containing the GnRH agonist deslorelin were investigated in female tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). Fertility was successfully inhibited for 515 ± 87 days after treatment with a 5 mg deslorelin implant (n= 7), while control animals gave birth to their first young 159 ± 47 days after placebo implant administration (n= 8). The duration of contraception was highly variable, ranging from 344 to 761 days. The strict reproductive seasonality in the tammar wallaby was maintained once the implant had expired. This inhibition of reproduction was associated with a significant reduction in basal LH concentrations and a cessation of oestrous cycles, as evidenced by low progesterone concentrations. There was evidence to suggest that some aspect of either blastocyst survival, luteal reactivation, pregnancy or birth may be affected by deslorelin treatment in some animals. These results show that long-term inhibition of fertility in the female tammar wallaby is possible using slow-release deslorelin implants. The effects of deslorelin treatment were fully reversible and there was no evidence of negative side effects. Slow-release GnRH agonist implants may represent a practicable method for reproductive management of captive and semi-wild populations of marsupials.

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Junaidi, A., P. E. Williamson, J. M. Cummins, G. B. Martin, M. A. Blackberry, and T. E. Trigg. "Use of a new drug delivery formulation of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue Deslorelin for reversible long-term contraception in male dogs." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 15, no. 6 (2003): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd03039.

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In the present study, we tested the effect of treatment with a slow-release implant containing the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist DeslorelinTM (Peptech Animal Health Australia, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) on pituitary and testicular function in mature male dogs. Four dogs were treated with Deslorelin (6-mg implant) and four were used as controls (blank implant). In control dogs, there were no significant changes over the 12 months of the study in plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) or testosterone, or in testicular volume, semen output or semen quality. In Deslorelin-treated dogs, plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone were undetectable after 21 and 27 days, testicular volume fell to 35% of pretreatment values after 14 weeks and no ejaculates could be obtained after 6 weeks. Concentrations returned to the detectable range for testosterone after 44 weeks and for LH after 51 weeks and both were within the normal range after 52 weeks. Semen characteristics had recovered completely by 60 weeks after implantation. At this time, the testes and prostate glands were similar histologically to those of control dogs. We conclude that a single slow-release implant containing 6 mg Deslorelin has potential as a long-term, reversible antifertility agent for male dogs.

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Herbert, C. A., T. E. Trigg, and D. W. Cooper. "Fertility control in female eastern grey kangaroos using the GnRH agonist deslorelin. 1. Effects on reproduction." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04113.

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Eastern grey kangaroos are widespread on the east coast of Australia and frequently reach high densities in reserves and parkland near urban areas. Management of these populations is highly contentious and non-lethal fertility-control technologies are sought as an alternative option to manage population size. This study evaluated the potential of slow-release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (deslorelin) implants to inhibit reproduction in female kangaroos. Deslorelin treatment effectively inhibited reproduction in adult females for periods of 559 ± 111 days (n = 6) and 651 ± 21 days (n = 5) after administration of one or two 10-mg implants respectively. Animals treated with the lower dosage tended to resume breeding earlier than those that received a total of 20 mg of deslorelin (minimum duration of 18 months). Deslorelin treatment had no effect on blastocyst reactivation in a single treated female and repeat treatment had no negative side-effects. This study has demonstrated that slow-release deslorelin implants can successfully inhibit reproduction for extended periods in the female eastern grey kangaroos. This approach may have potential application in reproductive management of problem kangaroo populations.

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Eymann, Jutta, Catherine A. Herbert, Brian P. Thomson, Tim E. Trigg, Desmond W. Cooper, and Douglas C. Eckery. "Effects of deslorelin implants on reproduction in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 8 (2007): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd07046.

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The present study investigated the effects of slow-release implants containing the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin on reproduction in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Captive female brushtail possums were assigned to control (placebo implant), low dose (4.7 mg deslorelin) or high dose (9.4 mg deslorelin) groups; males were assigned to control or high dose (9.4 mg deslorelin) groups. The acute effects of deslorelin treatment at the level of the pituitary gland were similar between the two sexes, where a transient rise in luteinising hormone concentration was induced over the first 24 h. In females, this was associated with the disruption of the normal oestrous cycle and mating within 2–10 days in some treated individuals, but no young were subsequently detected. By 3 weeks after treatment, treated females became anoestrus and remained infertile for at least one breeding season. The effects of treatment were reversible in a subset of females that had their implants removed, although the time taken to produce offspring was variable. Paradoxically, male brushtail possums remained fertile during chronic deslorelin exposure. Despite significant declines in basal follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone concentrations, as well as an inability to respond to a GnRH challenge, treated males sired as many offspring as control males and there was no evidence of testicular regression. In conclusion, there is potential to control reproduction in female brushtail possums by using chronic GnRH agonist treatment.

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Johnson, A. E., L. R. Padilla, K. Hope, D. E. Wildt, and N. Songsasen. "12 INDUCTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN THE MANED WOLF (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS) USING A GnRH-AGONIST." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab12.

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Induction of ovarian activity and ovulation is a valuable tool for the genetic management of ex situ populations of wildlife. Deslorelin, a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist, has been used earlier to induce oestrus in the grey wolf (Canis lupus). The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of Deslorelin (2.1 mg, Ovuplant®, Peptech Animal Health, Australia) for manipulating ovarian activity of the maned wolf, a species speculated to be an induced ovulator. Eight female (4–12 years old) maned wolves were (i) paired with a male (n = 3) or (ii) housed alone (n = 5). Of the 8 females, 1 (1 in a pair and 1 singleton) were implanted with Deslorelin under the vulvar mucosa for 12 days. The remaining 6 received implants in the subcutaneous layer of the ear for 7 days. Fresh fecal samples were collected 5 to 7 days/week for 1 month before Deslorelin treatment through 6 weeks after implant withdrawal. Reproductive steroid metabolites were extracted from the fecal samples and quantified using a validated enzyme immunoassay. Baseline progestagen concentrations for each individual were calculated by an iterative process, whereby high values exceeding the mean plus one standard deviation were excluded. Comparisons of oestrogen and progestagen concentrations among pre-, peri-, and post-Deslorelin implant periods were performed using analysis of variance. Site and duration of the GnRH agonist treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on subsequent ovarian responses. In paired females, oestrogen metabolites reached the highest (P < 0.05) concentration during Deslorelin (i.e. peri-) treatment (441.7 ± 20.2 ng g–1 of feces) compared to pre- (174.9 ± 16.7) and post- (177.8 ± 9.1) treatment. Progesterone metabolites rose (P < 0.05) above the baseline (indicative of ovulation) starting on Day 10 after the onset of Deslorelin implantation and remained elevated throughout the study (pre-, 11 645 ± 4798; peri-, 31 521 ± 6444; post-, 55 843 ± 2924 ng g–1 of feces). In singleton females, oestrogen metabolites increased (P < 0.05) immediately after implantation (from pre-, 184.2 ± 45.3 to peri-, 334.2 ± 29.8 ng g–1 of feces) and then declined (post-, 192.3 ± 12.4). Progestagen metabolites exhibited a similar pattern with a rise (P < 0.05) during Deslorelin treatment (from pre-, 3870 ± 1336 to peri-, 10 546 ± 880 ng g–1 of feces) followed by a decline after implant withdrawal (post-, 6171 ± 366), indicating that ovulation did not occur. These results suggest that Deslorelin can induce ovarian activity in the maned wolf. However, administration of an ovulatory agent after Deslorelin treatment may be required in females managed in the absence of a male, further supporting the assertion that this species is an induced ovulator. Funded by the Morris Animal Foundation.

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Woodward, R., M. E. Herberstein, and C. A. Herbert. "Fertility control in female eastern grey kangaroos using the GnRH agonist deslorelin. 2. Effects on behaviour." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04114.

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In recent years fertility control has been proposed as an ethically acceptable alternative to lethal control techniques when managing overabundant kangaroo populations. A promising non-steroidal, non-immunological approach to contraception in female kangaroos involves the use of slow-release implants containing the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin. The practicality of using deslorelin implants as a management option is dependant on its effective inhibition of reproduction without negative physical or behavioural side-effects. This study investigated the behavioural effects of deslorelin implants in female eastern grey kangaroos. Treatment had no detectable effects on crepuscular activity. Alterations in the frequency of sexual interactions were observed in deslorelin-treated females, with a behavioural oestrus induced ~3 days after combined removal of pouch young and deslorelin administration. Copulation was observed during this early oestrous period, but conception was not achieved and pouch young were not observed in any treated females. Control females gave birth within 69.6 ± 10.4 days (mean ± s.e.m., n = 9) of placebo implant administration. The first births observed in treated animals were on Days 510, 637 and 643 after treatment. The remaining seven treated animals had not bred by the end of the study, a period of 647 days.

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MacGregor, Marjorie J., Cheryl S. Asa, and Donal C. Skinner. "Variable duration of reproductive suppression in male coyotes (Canis latrans) treated with a high dose of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist deslorelin." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 7 (2017): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15253.

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Effective and humane management strategies for coyotes (Canis latrans) remain elusive. We hypothesised that exposure to a high dose of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist would cause prolonged suppression of the reproductive axis. Two groups of male coyotes were administered 47 mg deslorelin in the form of either five 9.4-mg controlled-release Suprelorin (Peptech Animal Health, Macquarie Park NSW, Australia) implants (n = 3) or 10 4.7-mg implants (n = 5). In the first group, deslorelin suppressed plasma LH, testosterone and testes volume in two of three coyotes for three breeding seasons. In the second group, two of five deslorelin-treated coyotes had no sperm production after 1 year and plasma LH, FSH, testosterone and testes volume were suppressed. Although plasma gonadotropins and testosterone were suppressed in three treated coyotes in group two, testes volume and sperm production were evident. Because the duration of suppression differed among individual coyotes, we further hypothesised that a variation in deslorelin release underlay the variability. To test this, we analysed in vivo plasma profiles of deslorelin concentrations. These profiles suggested that deslorelin concentrations >100 pg mL–1 are required to maintain suppression in male coyotes. For field implementation, the development of an implant capable of releasing deslorelin for the life of the coyote is necessary.

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Lanna, L. L., A. P. Marques Jr., and R. H. Douglas. "Effect of deslorelin on the induction of estrus in anestrous bitches." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 62, no. 3 (June 2010): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352010000300017.

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The efficacy of one or multiple doses of an injectable formulation of deslorelin (a GnRH agonist) was evaluated to induce estrus in anestrous bitches. Thirteen animals composed three groups: group 1 (n=5, single IM injection of 2mg deslorelin), group 2 (n=5, four IM injections of 2mg deslorelin in alternate days), and control group (n=3, four IM saline injections in alternate days). Daily clinical evaluations, sexual behavior, vaginal cytology, plasma progesterone concentration, ovaryhysterectomy and macroscopic evaluation of the uterus and ovaries were done. In group 1, none of the bitches showed signs of estrus, while two developed clinical signs and vaginal cytology of proestrus. In group 2, all animals presented proestrus, four presented estrus, and three ovulated; resulting in a functional corpus luteum and high progesterone concentration until day 25 of diestrus, when ovaryhysterectomy was performed. The duration of the stages of deslorelin induced cycles and the progesterone profile were similar to those described in the literature, and no side effects were observed. In conclusion, injectable formulation of deslorelin in multiple injections was effective to induce fertile estrus in anestrous bitches.

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Aspden, W. J., A. Jackson, T. E. Trigg, and M. J. D'Occhio. "Pituitary expression of LHβ- and FSHβ-subunit mRNA, cellular distribution of LHβ-subunit mRNA and LH and FSH synthesis during and after treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist in heifers." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 15, no. 3 (2003): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01106.

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The aim was to examine transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LH and FSH biosynthesis. Female cattle were allocated to three groups: (i) Group 1, control (n = 6), synchronized to be at around Day 11 of the oestrous cycle on Day 31; (ii) Group 2 (n = 6), treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (deslorelin) for 31 days; and (iii) Group 3 (n = 6), treated with deslorelin for 28 days. All animals were slaughtered on Day 31. For animals in Group 2, pituitary content of LHβ-subunit mRNA was suppressed 60% (P < 0.001) and LH 95% (P < 0.001), whereas FSHβ-subunit mRNA was suppressed 25% (P > 0.05) and FSH 90% (P < 0.001). Three days after treatment with deslorelin (Group 3) LHβ-subunit mRNA and LH remained suppressed (50% and 95%, respectively; P < 0.001). At the same time, FSHβ-subunit mRNA did not differ from controls (P > 0.05) whereas FSH remained reduced by 80% (P < 0.001). The ratio of LHβ-subunit mRNA present in the nucleus versus cytoplasm of gonadotroph cells was reduced (P < 0.05) in heifers during treatment with deslorelin (0.59 ± 0.05) compared with the ratio in control heifers (1.31 ± 0.22) and heifers 3 days after discontinuation of treatment (1.01 ± 0.05). The findings indicated that treatment with GnRH agonist can suppress LHβ-subunit mRNA expression without any significant effect on FSHβ-subunit mRNA. As LH and FSH contents were suppressed to a greater degree than their β-subunit mRNAs, it would appear that treatment with a GnRH agonist might influence gonadotrophin biosynthesis by a post-transcriptional mechanism(s). For LHβ-subunit mRNA, this would appear not to be reduced export of message from the nucleus.

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Herbert, C. A., T. E. Trigg, and D. W. Cooper. "Effect of deslorelin implants on follicular development, parturition and post-partum oestrus in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)." Reproduction 127, no. 2 (February 2004): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00094.

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The effect of treatment with slow release implants containing the GnRH agonist, deslorelin, was investigated in female tammar wallabies. Pouch young were removed from 16 wallabies presumed to be carrying quiescent blastocysts. Eight received a 5 mg deslorelin implant and eight received a placebo implant. Animals were caught daily from day 25 to day 30 and their pouches inspected for newborn young and their urogenital sinus checked for a copulatory plug. Treatment with deslorelin did not affect reactivation of a dormant blastocyst and subsequent birth in 4/8 animals, but post-partum mating was inhibited in these animals. Five control and five treated animals were killed within 0–48 h post partum and their reproductive tracts analysed. At autopsy, all five control animals had large preovulatory follicles but only one deslorelin-treated animal showed signs of follicular development. These differences were also reflected in the weights of the lateral vaginae, with treated animals showing no evidence of oestrogenic stimulation. The remaining three control and three treated animals were monitored for approximately 2 years. The long-term contraceptive effects of a single 5 mg deslorelin implant lasted for just under one year. These results indicate that slow release deslorelin implants inhibit follicular development in the female tammar wallaby for extended periods of time and may have potential application in reproductive management of captive marsupials in the kangaroo family.

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Junaidi, A., P. E. Williamson, G. B. Martin, P. G. Stanton, M. A. Blackberry, J. M. Cummins, and T. E. Trigg. "Pituitary and testicular endocrine responses to exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone in male dogs treated with GnRH agonist implants." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 8 (2007): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd07088.

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The present study tested whether exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone (LH) can stimulate LH and testosterone secretion in dogs chronically treated with a GnRH superagonist. Twenty male adult dogs were assigned to a completely randomised design comprising five groups of four animals. Each dog in the control group received a blank implant (placebo) and each dog in the other four groups received a 6-mg implant containing a slow-release formulation of deslorelin (d-Trp6-Pro9-des-Gly10–LH-releasing hormone ethylamide). The same four control dogs were used for all hormonal challenges, whereas a different deslorelin-implanted group was used for each challenge. Native GnRH (5 μg kg–1 bodyweight, i.v.) was injected on Days 15, 25, 40 and 100 after implantation, whereas bovine LH (0.5 μg kg–1 bodyweight, i.v.) was injected on Days 16, 26, 41 and 101. On all occasions after Day 25–26 postimplantation, exogenous GnRH and LH elicited higher plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone in control than deslorelin-treated animals (P < 0.05). It was concluded that, in male dogs, implantation of a GnRH superagonist desensitised the pituitary gonadotrophs to GnRH and also led to a desensitisation of the Leydig cells to LH. This explains, at least in part, the profound reduction in the production of androgen and spermatozoa in deslorelin-treated male dogs.

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Herbert, C. A., D. C. Eckery, T. E. Trigg, and D. W. Cooper. "Chronic treatment of female tammar wallabies with deslorelin implants during pouch life: effects on reproductive maturation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 6 (2013): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12087.

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The present study reports on attempts to delay puberty in a model marsupial species using the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin. Female tammar wallaby pouch young received deslorelin (5 mg) or placebo implants (n = 8/group) when they were 193 ± 2 days old. Sexual maturity was significantly delayed in deslorelin-treated animals, with the first successful production of offspring in treated and control animals occurring at 813 ± 62 and 430 ± 42 days of age, respectively. This delay was associated with a period of retarded pouch and teat development. Progesterone concentrations remained at basal levels throughout the first breeding season, indicating the absence of luteal cycles in treated females. Recovery and maturation of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis was a gradual process. Treated animals failed to respond to GnRH challenge at 12 months of age and had a reduced LH response at 18 months of age, before attaining full responsiveness by 24 months of age. Despite this apparent pituitary recovery by 24 months of age, as evidenced by complete teat eversion and LH responsiveness to GnRH, the time to first parturition was significantly delayed beyond this time in three females. This suggests that there may be longer-lasting effects at the level of the ovary and/or on FSH secretion. The significant delay in the onset of sexual maturation in response to chronic GnRH agonist treatment in this model marsupial species may be of practical significance to the management of fertility in captive and semi-free range marsupial populations.

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Chotimanukul, Sroisuda, Sandra Goericke-Pesch, Junpen Suwimonteerabutr, Jinda Singlor, Ekkaphot Sangkrachang, Padet Tummaruk, and Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan. "Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels and Estrous Monitoring of GnRH Agonist Deslorelin-Induced Estrus in Bitches: A Pilot Study." Animals 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020258.

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This study was performed to monitor estrous patterns and, more importantly, changes in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations during the peri-ovulatory period in deslorelin-induced estrous bitches. Healthy anestrous bitches (n = 4) were used. Estrus and ovulation were monitored after deslorelin implantation. Blood samples were collected for analysis of progesterone, estradiol-17ß and AMH concentrations before implantation (day 0) and on days 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 after implantation. Six days following treatment, all bitches showed estrus signs. Ovulation took place between days 12 and 15. Circulating AMH concentrations varied among bitches from 0.12 to 3.08 ng/mL. However, no significant differences in AMH levels (mean ± SD) were observed between day 0 and days following post-implantation (p > 0.05). There were no significant correlations between AMH and estradiol or AMH and progesterone (p > 0.05). Ultrasonographically, the number of clearly identifiable ovarian follicles was higher before ovulation and the area of ovaries increased after ovulation (p < 0.05). Except for AMH, changes in vaginal cytology, estradiol-17ß and progesterone levels observed in our study were similar to naturally occurring estrus. Large intra- and inter-individual variation in AMH were observed suggesting that AMH is currently not suitable as a canine fertility marker to monitor ovarian response to deslorelin treatment for estrus induction.

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Lohr, Cheryl A., Harriet Mills, Helen Robertson, and Roberta Bencini. "Deslorelin implants control fertility in urban brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) without negatively influencing their body-condition index." Wildlife Research 36, no. 4 (2009): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08050.

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Wild brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) occur in large numbers in the grounds of Perth Zoo, Western Australia. These possums are a problem because they consume feed the zoo buys for its captive animals, damage seedlings and trees and many need to be treated for injuries sustained during fights with conspecifics. A contraceptive implant, which contains the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin, could be a potential method of managing this population. We tested the efficacy of the implant and its impact on the body-condition index of treated possums with Kaplan–Meier analysis and a mixed model with residual maximum likelihood. We implanted 60 female possums with deslorelin and monitored reproductive success of treated and untreated possums for the following 18 months. At the conclusion of the study, 80% of 20 treated females recaptured had shown no evidence of breeding activity, giving an average minimum duration of effective contraception of 381 days. The implant did not have a negative impact on the body-condition index of treated possums during the course of the study. Our results suggest that deslorelin implants could be an effective management tool for brushtail possums at Perth Zoo and in other urban environments.

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Mellish, Martha, Kasadee Allan, and Bronwyn Crane. "Effects of sunlight hours and hormones on double ovulation, and singleton and twin pregnancies in mares." Clinical Theriogenology 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v13.9356.

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Equine twin pregnancies are almost exclusively dizygotic, without the application of advanced reproductive technologies, requiring 2ovulations in 1 estrous cycle. Breeding records were used to determine the effects of sunlight hours, prostaglandin F2α, human chorionicgonadotropin, deslorelin (a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist), and progesterone and estradiol on double ovulation rates,and singleton and twin pregnancy rates. Breeding records of mares (n = 267) and their estrous cycles (n = 914) were analysed. Doubleovulations occurred in 10.5% (96/914) of estrous cycles. Twin pregnancies were observed in 42.7% (38/89) of mares that had doubleovulations. Overall, per estrous cycle pregnancy rate was 47.2% (405/858) and twin pregnancies was 4.4% (38/858). Double ovulationshad higher (p < 0.001) per cycle singleton pregnancy rate (69.7%; 62/89) than 1-ovulation cycles (44.6%; 343/769). Deslorelinincreased (p < 0.05; OR =1.24 95% CI) double ovulations and human chorionic gonadotropin tended (p = 0.089; OR =1.68; 95%CI) to increase double ovulations. Deslorelin use resulted in an odds ratio of 2.47 for a positive pregnancy (either singleton or twin)diagnosis compared to cycles without deslorelin use. None of the factors examined had a substantial impact on twin pregnancy rates.

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Pugliese, Michela, Vito Biondi, Marco Quartuccio, Santo Cristarella, Giovanni Emmanuele, Gabriele Marino, Luigi Liotta, and Annamaria Passantino. "Use of GnRH Agonist in Dogs Affected with Leishmaniosis." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020432.

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Sex-associated hormones such as testosterone have been demonstrated to modulate immune responses, which can result in different disease outcomes. The present study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH agonist implant as deslorelin acetate in association with meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol in dogs with canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Twenty-two dogs with CanL confirmed by clinical findings and laboratory tests were included in the study. Dogs were randomized into two groups. A control group (CTR, n = 12) was treated with meglumine antimoniate 50 mg/kg SC q 12 h for 28 days plus allopurinol at 10 mg/kg PO q 12 h for the whole study period (six months). An experimental group was treated with allopurinol and meglumine antimoniate, plus an implant of 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate (DES, n = 10). The animals were observed for three months, during which clinical evaluation, indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) titre and testosterone assay were performed on time at day (D)0, 90 and 180. A significantly lower clinical score was recorded in DES than in CTR (p < 0.01) at D90 and D180 (p < 0.01). After 180 days of treatment (D180), a significant reduction of mean levels of IFAT was observed in the DES group (p = 0.03). A highly significant reduction of testosterone (p = 0.01) was observed in the DES group during the study. No statistical correlation between clinical scores, IFAT titres and testosterone within two groups was observed. Data suggested that the agonist of GnRH may be useful in the treatment of CanL.

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Mala, J., J.-F. Beckers, N. Melo de Sousa, E. Indrova, M. Lopatarova, R. Dolezel, and S. Cech. "Intrafollicular LH administration in dairy heifers treated with a GnRH agonist." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 2 (April 2, 2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6700-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intrafollicular treatment (IFT) with different doses of luteinising hormone. Experimental heifers were treated with a single deslorelin implant to desensitise gonadotroph cells of the pituitary gland. Thereafter, follicular development was stimulated by exogenous FSH treatment. Intrafollicular treatment with 10, 5, 1 and 0.01 µg LH was performed on one single follicle while other follicles remained untreated. Human chorionic gonadotrophine (2000 UI) was administered intravenously as a control. Ovulation and development of the corpus luteum occurred after all intrafollicular treatments with 10 and 5 µg LH. After IFT using 1 µg of LH 75% animals (3/4) ovulated. The dose of 0.01 µg was not followed by any ovulation whereas control treatments with hCG were followed by an ovulation of the majority of follicles present in the ovaries. In conclusion, IFT with different doses of LH (greater than 0.01 µg) is capable of inducing ovulation.  

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Lucas, X. "Clinical Use of Deslorelin (GnRH agonist) in Companion Animals: A Review." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 49 (October 2014): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.12388.

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Cecchetto, Marta, Paola Salata, Anna Baldan, Chiara Milani, Antonio Mollo, Christelle Fontaine, Hasan Sontas, et al. "Postponement of puberty in queens treated with deslorelin." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 12 (February 14, 2017): 1224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16688406.

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy of deslorelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist marketed in Europe for the control of male dog reproduction, for the postponement of puberty in queens. Methods Nine prepubertal queens aged 3–9 months were selected for this study; their general and reproductive health was checked through clinical, haematological, vaginal cytology and hormonal tests. Following treatment with a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant, each cat received a monthly clinical examination and blood was collected for hormonal assay every third month. Cats were monitored for 14.1 ± 5.2 (range 7–23) months. Results All cats were in good body condition and normal health prior to treatment. Their health status remained unchanged throughout the study and no significant variation was observed with regard to serum progesterone or oestradiol. Seven days post-treatment, 1/9 queens showed signs of heat, and one other queen showed complete vaginal keratinisation. No other signs of heat were subsequently observed in any other queen. Five queens were lost during the study after 7, 7, 16, 17 and 18 months of observation (during which time they did not show signs of heat). By the end of the study, no sign of puberty was observed in the four remaining queens at 21–36 months of age. Conclusions and relevance A 4.7 mg deslorelin implant was able to suppress the feline pituitary–gonadal axis, leading to postponement of puberty for up to 21–36 months in the four queens that completed the study. Deslorelin can be considered as a safe method to postpone puberty in queens.

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Marino, Gabriele, Cecilia Vullo, Stefania Di Giorgio, Antonina Zanghì, Giuseppe Catone, and Alessandra Sfacteria. "Hyperplastic and atrophic changes in the genital tract of a female cat following repeated treatment with deslorelin acetate – a case report." Acta Veterinaria Brno 90, no. 2 (2021): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202190020207.

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This study aimed to investigate the morphological patterns of the genital tract after long-term treatment of deslorelin acetate in a female cat, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist currently used in adult cats to obtain transient oestrus suppression. A 1-year-old Chartreux female cat was treated with 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate to suppress oestrus manifestations. The treatment was repeated for a total of × 3 every 2 years. After 8 years, the female cat came into oestrus again, but she was no more implanted, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. Before surgery, an ultrasound examination was performed that showed a normal uterus and the presence of about 5 follicles in ovaries. Concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone, and vaginal smears were compatible with oestrus. During surgery, a very short ovarian pedicle was observed yet neither uterus nor ovaries presented appreciable alterations. At histology, the ovaries presented a juvenile appearance with numerous primordial and periovulatory follicles. The uterus showed marked endometrial hyperplasia with polypoid projection and atrophic myometrium. Based on this case report, deslorelin acetate is a powerful drug able to preserve ovarian function. However, the suppression of gonadotrophin, especially for a long period, has a detrimental atrophic effect on the target organs during treatment and, on the opposite, hyperplastic changes may occur after the restoring of normal cyclicity.

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Fontaine, E., F. Mir, F. Vannier, A. Gérardin, M. Albouy, C. Navarro, and A. Fontbonne. "Induction of fertile oestrus in the bitch using Deslorelin, a GnRH agonist." Theriogenology 76, no. 8 (November 2011): 1561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.031.

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Kaps, M., C. Gautier, C. Cardoso Okada, J. Kuhl, J. Aurich, and C. Aurich. "157 Effect of a slow-release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue on ovarian activity and oestrous behaviour in mares." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab157.

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Oestrus behaviour in mares can contribute to problems in their handleability and reduced performance in equestrian sports. Therefore, methods of transient suppression of oestrous cyclicity in mares are of interest. The aim of our study was to determine whether treatment of mares with slow-release implants containing the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue deslorelin downregulates pituitary GnRH receptors and reduces ovarian function and oestrous behaviour. Shetland mares (age=11.0±1.4 years; bodyweight=185.5±7kg) were oestrous synchronised with two injections of the prostaglandin F2α analogue luprostiol (3.725mg) at an interval of 12 days. One day after the second injection (Day 0), mares were randomly assigned to three groups: slow-release implant with 9.4mg of deslorelin (Suprelorin, Virbac; group D1; n=6), implant with 4.7mg of deslorelin (group D2; n=5), and intramuscular injection of 1.25mg of short-acting deslorelin (control, group C; n=5). Collection of blood samples for analysis of progesterone, LH, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) using established and validated enzyme immunoassays (Scarlet et al. 2018 Theriogenology 117, 72-77), testing for oestrus-like behaviour with a Shetland stallion, and ultrasonography of the genital tract were performed at 2-day intervals until Day 10 after treatment and at 5-day intervals from there. On Days 10 and 45 after treatment, LH stimulation tests with the GnRH agonist buserelin (4µg IV) were performed. Data were normally distributed; differences among groups were analysed using analysis of variance and subsequent Tukey test. Values are means±s.e.m. In all mares without a corpus luteum on Day 0 (progesterone <1ngmL−1; one mare in group D1 and two in group C), ovulation was detected within 9 days after deslorelin treatment. These ovulations were classified as deslorelin induced, whereas ovulations after Day 10 were classified as spontaneous ovulations. The mean interval from deslorelin until the first spontaneous ovulation was 62.0±8.6, 44.2±14.1, and 22.2±3.1 days in groups D1, D2, and C (P<0.05), respectively. Subsequent oestrous cycles were regular. Oestrus-like behaviour until day 50 was reduced in groups D1 (2.0±0.9 days) and D2 (2.4±1.3 days) compared with group C (6.4±1.2 days; P<0.05). Concentration of plasma LH and AMH decreased in group D1 (P<0.05) but not in groups D2 and C. The GnRH stimulation test on Day 10 resulted in an increase (P<0.001) in plasma LH concentration in group C but not in groups D1 and D2 (treatment×time P<0.05). On Day 45, LH concentration increased in all mares in response to buserelin (NS among groups). Within 100 days of treatment, LH concentrations but not AMH concentrations in mares of group D1 returned to baseline. In conclusion, deslorelin slow-release implants transiently suppress ovarian function and oestrus behaviour in mares. Spontaneous ovulation is delayed in a dose-dependent manner. A decrease in AMH concentration suggests inhibitory effects of deslorelin on small antral follicles. Long-term effects on follicular dynamics and fertility in larger horses also need to be assessed.

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Socha, Piotr, Tomasz Janowski, and Slawomir Zduńczyk. "Entwicklung einer großen intraprostatischen Zyste nach Einsatz eines GnRH-Agonist-Implantats bei einem Rüden mit benigner Prostatahyperplasie." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 48, no. 06 (December 2020): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1295-2748.

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ZusammenfassungEin Rüde mit benigner Prostatahyperplasie und mehreren kleineren intraprostatischen Zysten wurde mit einem GnRH-Agonist-Implantat mit 4,7 mg Deslorelin (Suprelorin®) behandelt. Innerhalb von 2 Wochen nach der Implantation kam es zur Verstärkung der zuvor aufgetretenen Blutung aus der Harnröhre. Sonografisch ließ sich eine große intraprostatische Zyste darstellen. Der Rüde wurde mit Osateronacetat (0,4 mg/kg p. o. 1-mal täglich über 7 Tage) und Enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg p. o. 1-mal täglich über 21 Tage) behandelt. Im Verlauf eines Monats bildete sich die Zyste vollständig zurück. Die Mechanismen der Zystenvergrößerung werden diskutiert.

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Stempel, Sabrina, and Sandra Goericke-Pesch. "GnRH-Agonisten in der Kleintierpraxis – Was wissen wir 13 Jahre nach der EU-Zulassung?" Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 48, no. 06 (December 2020): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1274-9268.

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ZusammenfassungDie Verfügbarkeit von GnRH-Agonist-Implantaten bietet die Möglichkeit der reversiblen, temporären Downregulation der endokrinen und germinativen Hodenfunktion bei Rüden und Frettchenrüden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit liefert einen Überblick über die zugelassene Indikation, Erzielung einer vorübergehenden Unfruchtbarkeit bei gesunden, unkastrierten, geschlechtsreifen Rüden (4,7 und 9,4 mg Deslorelin) und Frettchenrüden (9,4 mg Deslorelin) sowie über verschiedene Off-Label-Indikationen. Die Off-Label-Anwendung erfordert eine strenge Indikationsstellung, Besitzeraufklärung und einen Therapienotstand. Off-Label-Indikationen beim Rüden sind sexualhormonabhängiges (störendes) Verhalten, benigne Prostatahyperplasie, Adenome der perinealen Drüsen und Alopezie X. Die Anwendung erfolgt beim Frettchen zur Unterdrückung der Fertilität und des Zyklus, aber auch zur medikamentösen Therapie des Hyperadrenokortizismus. Bei Katze und Kater kann ebenso eine Unterdrückung der Fortpflanzung induziert werden. Problematisch sind hier insbesondere der variable Wirkeintritt und die unterschiedliche, z. T. sehr lange Wirkdauer. Während kein (ausreichend) kontrazeptiver Effekt bei männlichen Kaninchen und Meerschweinchen nachgewiesen wurde, kann das Implantat den Zyklus bei weiblichen Kaninchen und Meerschweinchen sowie die Reproduktion bei Ratten beiderlei Geschlechts unterdrücken. Bei Vögeln und Reptilien bestehen signifikante speziespezifische Unterschiede hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit, Wirkeintritt und Wirkdauer. Ein erfolgreicher Einsatz ist bei Huhn, Japanwachtel und Psittaziden hinsichtlich Verhinderung der Eiablage beschrieben, bei Tauben kommt es nur zur Reduktion der Eiablage. Berichte zum erfolgreichen Einsatz bei reproduktionsassoziierten Verhaltensproblemen (Federpicken, Aggressivität) liegen ebenfalls vor. Bei männlichen Tieren einzelner Vogelspezies (Japanwachtel, Zebrafink) bewirkt das Deslorelin-Implantat eine Reduktion der Testosteronkonzentration. Therapeutisch ist der erfolgreiche Einsatz beim Wellensittich mit hormonproduzierendem Sertoli-Zell-Tumor sowie beim Truthahn zur Verhaltensmodulation und Haltungserleichterung (Reduktion der Aggression) beschrieben. Bei Leguanen unterdrückt das Implantat die Ovaraktivität.

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Braga, Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira, Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto, Derek Andrew Rosenfield, Priscila Viau Furtado, Cláudio A. Oliveira, Sandra Helena Ramiro Corrêa, Pedro Nacib Jorge-Neto, and Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz Guimarães. "Suppression of ovarian activity in a captive African Lion Panthera leo after deslorelin treatment." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 11 (August 25, 2020): 16469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5803.12.11.16469-16477.

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Abstract: With the intent to evaluate the efficiency of a contraceptive treatment for cyclic ovarian suppression in African Lionesses Panthera leo using a Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist bioimplant, noninvasive fecal steroid assay associated with the observation of the behavioral estrus were employed for a period of 36 months. Five captive adult females, maintained with a vasectomized male, subcutaneously received a 9.4mg deslorelin acetate implant. The treatment initially stimulated behavioral estrus along with ovarian activity, demonstrated by an estrogen increase in two lionesses. A rise in progesterone concentration in two other animals suggested possible treatment-induced ovulation. After the initial period, deslorelin prevented ovarian activity for at least 22 months. Two females exhibited signs of behavioral estrus after 22 and 31 months. A third lioness with an increased estrogen concentration did not exhibit behavioral estrus signs or a consequent progesterone surge until 33 months after implantation, suggesting a possible resumption of ovarian activity. One female did not exhibit any behavioral estrus signs nor a rise in steroid levels after the “treatment-induced” estrus throughout the entire experiment (36 months). One lioness died after 15 months without exhibiting signs of estrus or an increased progesterone level, however, the estrogen concentration increased 12 months post-implantation, suggesting resumed ovarian activity. The study showed that long-term treatment with a GnRH agonist can be extremely effective as a contraceptive treatment in African lionesses, however, the duration of contraception may vary among individuals and may bear the risk of permanent loss of normal ovarian activity.

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Marques Filho, W. C., F. C. Destro, E. Trevisol, C. M. Queiroz, M. C. Martins, and J. C. P. Ferreira. "108 EFFECTS OF UTILIZATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTS OF GnRH AGONISTS (DESLORELIN) ON OVARIAN ACTIVITY AND HORMONAL PROFILE DURING THE PERIOD OF IMPLANTATION AND AFTER REMOVAL IN NELORE COWS (BOS INDICUS) WITH A TOTAL IMPLANT TREATMENT OF 70 DAYS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab108.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous implants of deslorelin (GnRH agonist-Suprelorin® 4.7 mg) on follicular dynamics and plasma profile of FSH, LH, and progesterone (P4) during the last 20 days of an implantation period of 70 days and after the removal of the implant until the detection of the first ovulation in Nelore cows (Bos indicus). Seven animals had their ovulation synchronized. At the day of the detection of ovulation they received subcutaneous implant of deslorelin. In the last 20 days of the period of treatment, ultrasound scans were taken every 2 or 3 days to characterize the follicular dynamics according to diameter: I (<4 mm), II (4–6 mm), and III (>6 mm). Blood samples were collected to measure plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, and P4. Results were tested by ANOVA, and difference between means was defined using Tukey’s test with significance levels of 0.05. During the 70 days of deslorelin treatment, none of the animals ovulated, despite the implant not suppressing all follicular development. The ultrasound finding was confirmed by P4 plasma concentrations (range: 0.05–0.31 ng mL–1). The normal P4 plasma concentration expected in cycling Nelore cows is about 3.8 ng mL–1 (Satrapa et al. 2010 Reprod. Anim. Dom. 45, 881–887). During the last 20 days of treatment, 4 animals presented follicular development with max diameter ranging through 4 to 6 mm, whereas in the 3 remaining animals, the observed diameter ranged through 9 to 12 mm. The secretion of FSH and LH was not entirely suppressed during the study (range: 1.69–1.39 and 1.37–1.07 ng mL–1, respectively). After the removal of the deslorelin subcutaneous implant, the period of restoration of the ovulatory capacity was 29 days, and the mean diameter of the preovulatory follicle was 12.5 mm. The P4 plasma concentrations during this time were low (range: 0.15–0.09 ng mL–1). During the recovery period, the phenomenon of follicular codominance and double ovulation in 2 animals (2/7) was observed. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the total implant treatment of 70 days with deslorelin in cows inhibits ovulation by not allowing LH surge, although the follicular development is not completely depressed. The financial support of FAPESP, Fundunesp, and CNPq are acknowledged.

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Johnston, S. D., F. C. Camacho, L. Carrillo, N. Guy, J. Govea, O. Martinez, A. Parãs, A. T. Lisle, and M. D'Occhio. "The development of a testosterone stimulation test in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and its use in evaluating deslorelin contraception." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 5 (2008): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd07215.

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The aims of the present study were to examine the variability of testosterone secretion in the Virginia Opossum over a 24 h period and to develop a testosterone stimulation test that would provide an index of the prevailing testosterone biosynthetic capacity of the testes; the latter was used to clinically evaluate the efficacy of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist contraceptive. Sexually-mature captive opossums (n = 12) located in Africam Safari (Mexico) sampled every 12 h over 24 h consistently showed basal (<0.21 ng mL–1) blood testosterone concentrations. Intra-muscular injection of buserelin (2 μg mL–1) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 1000 IU) resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) of plasma testosterone concentrations with maximal concentrations (3.9 ng mL–1 and 5.8 ng mL–1 respectively) occurring 120 min after injection. Plasma testosterone declined relatively rapidly to basal concentrations after 240 min with hCG but remained elevated after the same period of time with buserelin. Male opossums treated with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) a controlled-release deslorelin implant (Suprelorin; 4.7 mg deslorelin) were evaluated over a 10-week period for changes in testosterone secretion (hCG stimulation test) and sperm production (spermatorrhea). At the end of this period, the animals were hemi-castrated and their relative testicular quantitative histology compared. Testosterone concentration decreased over the course of the study in both treated and control animals (P < 0.0001) but there was no apparent effect of deslorelin on testosterone secretion, testicular histology (relative proportions of testicular cell types and seminiferous tubule diameter), or sperm production (presence of sperm in the cauda epididymis or urine)

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Walter, B., C. Otzdorff, N. Brugger, and J. Braun. "Estrus induction in Beagle bitches with the GnRH-agonist implant containing 4.7 mg Deslorelin." Theriogenology 75, no. 6 (April 2011): 1125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.022.

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Fontaine, E., F. Mir, F. Vannier, A. Gérardin, M. Albouy, C. Navarro, and A. Fontbonne. "Erratum to “Induction of fertile oestrus in the bitch using Deslorelin, a GnRH agonist”." Theriogenology 81, no. 5 (March 2014): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.001.

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Haen, Silke M., Mari Heinonen, Johannes Kauffold, Markku Heikinheimo, Lia L. Hoving, Nicoline M. Soede, and Olli A. T. Peltoniemi. "GnRH‐agonist deslorelin implant alters the progesterone release pattern during early pregnancy in gilts." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 54, no. 3 (January 11, 2019): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.13376.

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Kopera, I., R. Tuz, A. Hejmej, T. Schwarz, J. Koczanowski, and B. Bilińska. "Immunolocalization of Androgen Receptor in the Boar Epididymis: the Effect of GnRH Agonist Deslorelin." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44, no. 2 (April 2009): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.01054.x.

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Trigg, T. E., A. G. Doyle, J. D. Walsh, and T. Swangchan-uthai. "A review of advances in the use of the GnRH agonist deslorelin in control of reproduction." Theriogenology 66, no. 6-7 (October 2006): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.037.

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Abou-Zahr, Tariq. "Avian reproductive disorders." Companion Animal 27, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2021.0056.

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Reproductive disorders are common in birds and are frequently encountered in avian practice. They often involve emergency presentations and may be life threatening. In female birds, chronic egg laying, egg binding, dystocia, ovarian disease, oviductal disease and egg coelomitis are all examples of common reproductive disorders. In male birds, reproductive disorders include testicular diseases and prolapse of the phallus in those species which possess an intromittent organ. Depending on the disorder, medical or surgical management may be indicated. The use of deslorelin (a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist) implants has become popular in avian medicine over the last decade and some studies have explored the efficacy of this treatment in some species, although a lot more research is needed to establish the efficacy in a wider range of species, in both sexes and with repeated use.

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Glocova, Kristyna, Petr Cizek, Robert Novotny, Karel Hauptman, and Frantisek Tichy. "Effect of GnRH agonist deslorelin implant on spermatogenesis and testosterone concentration in Guinea pigs (Cavia aperea porcellus)." Theriogenology 154 (September 2020): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.038.

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Bartolome, J. A., S. Kamimura, F. Silvestre, A. C. M. Arteche, T. Trigg, and W. W. Thatcher. "The use of a deslorelin implant (GnRH agonist) during the late embryonic period to reduce pregnancy loss." Theriogenology 65, no. 8 (May 2006): 1443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.08.017.

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Kauffold, Johannes, Hartmut Rohrmann, Julia Boehm, and Axel Wehrend. "Effects of long-term treatment with the GnrH agonist deslorelin (Suprelorin®) on sexual function in boars." Theriogenology 74, no. 5 (September 2010): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.026.

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Gautier, Camille, Kathrin Schmidt, Jörg Aurich, and Christine Aurich. "Effects of implants containing the GnRH agonist deslorelin on testosterone release and semen characteristics in Shetland stallions." Animal Reproduction Science 195 (August 2018): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.027.

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Metrione, Lara C., John P. Verstegen, Darryl J. Heard, Dana LeBlanc, Allyson L. Walsh, and Linda M. Penfold. "Preliminary evaluation of deslorelin, a GnRH agonist for contraception of the captive variable flying fox Pteropus hypomelanus." Contraception 78, no. 4 (October 2008): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.125.

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Koushik, Kavitha N., and Uday B. Kompella. "Transport of deslorelin, an LHRH agonist, is vectorial and exhibits regional variation in excised bovine nasal tissue." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56, no. 7 (July 2004): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357023646.

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Gautier, C., K. Schmidt, J. Aurich, and C. Aurich. "Effects of Implants Containing the GnRH Agonist Deslorelin on Seminal Characteristics and Reproductive Hormones in Shetland Stallions." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 66 (July 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.031.

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Agarwal, Sanjay K., AnnaMarie Daniels, Steven R. Drosman, Laurence Udoff, Warren G. Foster, Malcolm C. Pike, Darcy V. Spicer, and John R. Daniels. "Treatment of Endometriosis with the GnRHa Deslorelin and Add-Back Estradiol and Supplementary Testosterone." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/934164.

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Background. This randomized, multicenter, open-label clinical trial was intended to generate pilot data on the efficacy and safety of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) deslorelin (D) with low-dose estradiol ± testosterone (E2 ± T) add-back for endometriosis-related pelvic pain.Methods. Women with pelvic pain and laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis were treated with a six-month course of daily intranasal D with concurrent administration of either transdermal E2, intranasal E2, or intranasal E2 + T. Efficacy data included evaluation of dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, tenderness, and induration. Cognition and quality of life were also assessed. Safety parameters included assessment of endometrial hyperplasia, bone mineral density (BMD), and hot flashes.Results. Endometriosis symptoms and signs scores decreased in all treatment arms from a baseline average of 7.4 to 2.5 after 3 months of treatment and 3.4 after 6 months. BMD changes and incidence of hot flashes were minimal, and no endometrial hyperplasia was observed. Patient-reported outcomes showed significant improvement across multiple domains.Conclusions. Daily intranasal D with low dose E2 ± T add-back resulted in significant reduction in severity of endometriosis symptoms and signs with few safety signals and minimal hypoestrogenic symptoms that would be expected with the use of a GnRHa alone.

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Patton, Marilyn L., Meredith J. Bashaw, Susan M. del Castillo, Wolfgang Jöchle, Nadine Lamberski, Randy Rieches, and Fred B. Bercovitch. "Long-term suppression of fertility in female giraffe using the GnRH agonist deslorelin as a long-acting implant." Theriogenology 66, no. 2 (July 2006): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.025.

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Murphy, Karagh, David A. Wilson, Mark Burton, Shayla Slaugh, Jeffery L. Dunning, and Jonathan F. Prather. "Effectiveness of the GnRH agonist Deslorelin as a tool to decrease levels of circulating testosterone in zebra finches." General and Comparative Endocrinology 222 (October 2015): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.014.

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Nickerson, K. C., P. M. McCue, E. L. Squires, and T. M. Nett. "Comparison of two dosage regimens of the GNRH agonist deslorelin acetate on inducing ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 18, no. 2 (February 1998): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(98)80292-x.

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Nickerson, K. C., P. M. McCue, E. L. Squires, and T. M. Nett. "Comparison of two dosage regimens of the GNRH agonist deslorelin acetate on inducing ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 18, no. 3 (March 1998): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(98)80375-4.

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Ambrose, J. D., M. F. A. Pires, F. Moreira, T. Diaz, M. Binelli, and W. W. Thatcher. "Influence of Deslorelin (GnRH-agonist) implant on plasma progesterone, first wave dominant follicle and pregnancy in dairy cattle." Theriogenology 50, no. 7 (November 1998): 1157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00216-7.

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Vasetska, A. I., and A. A. Mass. "The use of GnRH agonist for supression of cats reproductive function." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 73 (February 4, 2017): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7305.

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Abstract:

The article presents the results concerning the duration of GnRH agonist deslorelin «Suprelorin» 4.7 mg using in cats prepubertal and pubertal age. Experiments conducted on pedigree and non-pedigree cats and lasting for 2.5 years. For research was formed three groups (n = 10), age from 3 months to 3 years. The first group was the control animals, they flowed naturally estrus cycle, they received any drugs and have no contact with male. The estrus cycle of the control group of animals observed an average six times within one year, three times in spring and autumn, which is the norm for this type of animal. For 30 months (2.5 years) observation cats from the control group showed excitement stage of estrus cycle an average 15 times. Animals from the second group, age 3–6 months, which has not have the first estrus (prepubertal) was placed subcutaneous implant «Suprelorin» 4.7 mg. In the third group were cats from 7 months to 3 years which have experienced one or more estrus cycles (pubertal). The animals were implanted implant «Suprelorin» 4.7 mg immediately after the last estrus. In the second group of animals (prepubertal), excitement stage of reproductive cycle manifested through 480–1567 days after implant implanted and the average duration of the reproductive cycle was 920 days (30 months). A few cats from this group were found changes in the reproductive system such as: uneven structure of the endometrium, reducing the size of the ovaries, ovarian cysts after ovariohysterectomy. Cats from the third group (pubertal) excitement stage of reproductive cycle manifested after 120 to 730 days after implanted the GnRH implant and the average duration of the reproductive cycle was 379 days (approximately 13 months). A few cats from this group, after ovariohysterectomy, observed changes in the reproductive system such as: endometrial hyperplasia, uneven structure and porosity consistency endometrial, ovarian cyst.

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Edwards, Brian, Arik Smith, and Donal C. Skinner. "DOSE AND DURATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONIST, DESLORELIN: THE MALE RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) AS A MODEL." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44, no. 4s (December 2013): S97—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260-44.4s.s97.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agonist deslorelin'

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