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Journal articles on the topic 'Agoraphobia therapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Marchand, André, and Michel Wapler. "L'effet des troubles de la personnalité sur la réponse au traitement béhavioural-cognitif du trouble panique avec agoraphobie." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (1993): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800302.

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This study measures the effect of personality disorders on the efficacy of treatment of agoraphobia. Forty-one patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia are evaluated for the presence of a personality disorder (according to DSM-III-R criteria) before the onset of treatment. The treatment consists in 14 sessions of behavioural cognitive therapy. Various measures of agoraphobic avoidance are obtained before (pre-test) and after the end of treatment (post-test, three month follow-up). Effect of treatment reaches statistical and clinical significance for all patients. Grouping of pat

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Emmelkamp, P. M. G., R. van Dyck, M. Bitter, R. Heins, E. J. Onstein, and B. Eisen. "Spouse-Aided Therapy with Agoraphobics." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 1 (1992): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.1.51.

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Sixty agoraphobics were treated by behavioural therapy (self-exposure in vivo) either with their partner involved in all aspects of treatment or without their partner. The two treatment formats were about equally effective. Behavioural treatment directed at the agoraphobia resulted in improvement irrespective of marital quality and partner involvement in the therapy. The effects of treatment led neither to a deterioration of the marriage nor to adjustment problems in the partner. Avoidance behaviour, intropunitivity and overprotection were found to predict treatment response. The partners of a

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3

Wittmann, A., F. Schlagenhauf, A. Guhn, et al. "Anticipating agoraphobic situations: the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 11 (2014): 2385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713003085.

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BackgroundPanic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by panic attacks and anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult. However, neuroimaging studies specifically focusing on agoraphobia are rare. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with disorder-specific stimuli to investigate the neural substrates of agoraphobia.MethodWe compared the neural activations of 72 patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia with 72 matched healthy control subjects in a 3-T fMRI study. To isolate agoraphobia-specific alterations we tested the effects of the anticipat

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4

Ito, L. M., L. A. De Araujo, V. L. C. Tess, T. P. De Barros-Neto, F. R. Asbahr, and I. Marks. "Self-exposure therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia." British Journal of Psychiatry 178, no. 4 (2001): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.4.331.

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BackgroundExposure to external phobic cues is an effective therapy for panic/agoraphobia but the value of exposure to interoceptive cues is unclear.AimsRandomised controlled comparison in panic/agoraphobia of the effects of (a) external, (b) interoceptive or (c) combined external and interoceptive self-exposure to (d) control subjects.MethodEighty out-patients were randomised to a control group or to one of three forms of self-exposure treatment (external, interoceptive, or combined). Each treatment included seven sessions over 10 weeks and daily self-exposure homework. Assessments were at pre

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5

Vos, S. P. F., M. J. H. Huibers, L. Diels, and A. Arntz. "A randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 12 (2012): 2661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000876.

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BackgroundInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) seems to be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of major depression. Because the onset of panic attacks is often related to increased interpersonal life stress, IPT has the potential to also treat panic disorder. To date, a preliminary open trial yielded promising results but there have been no randomized controlled trials directly comparing CBT and IPT for panic disorder.MethodThis study aimed to directly compare the effects of CBT versus IPT for the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Ninety-one adult patie

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Newell, Robert, and Isaac Marks. "Phobic nature of social difficulty in facially disfigured people." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 2 (2000): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.2.177.

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BackgroundOver 390 000 people in the UK are disfigured. Facial disfigurement distresses sufferers markedly but has been studied little.AimsTo compare fearful avoidance of people with a facial disfigurement with that of a group of patients with phobia.MethodComparison of Fear Questionnaire agoraphobia, social phobia and anxiety depression sub-scale scores of 112 facially disfigured people (who scored high on Fear Questionnaire problem severity in three survey studies) with those of 66 out-patients with agoraphobia and 68 out-patients with social phobia.ResultsFacially disfigured people and pati

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Morgan-Brown, Mark. "An Association of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) and Agoraphobia and Panic Attacks." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 60, no. 5 (1997): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269706000511.

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Eighteen people who suffered from panic attacks and/or agoraphobia were compared with 18 controls in their responses to the Schilder test for the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex. All the research individuals scored highly, compared with only a third of the control group. The result was statistically significant using the Mann-Whitney U test, suggesting a relationship between the Schilder test and panic or agoraphobic states.

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8

Fleming, Barbara M. "Drug Therapy for Agoraphobia." Archives of General Psychiatry 45, no. 4 (1988): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800280105014.

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9

Hand, Iver. "GROUP EXPOSURE IN VIVO FOR AGORAPHOBICS (1974): A MULTIFACETED PILOT STUDY AND ITS IMPACT ON SUBSEQUENT AGORAPHOBIA RESEARCH." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 4 (2000): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800004033.

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This paper reviews the research in agoraphobia in four areas: (i) Is the group application of exposure in vivo really the most effective treatment for agoraphobia? (ii) Does high group cohesion really increase the power of group exposure? (iii) Was the exposure mode applied in this study actually the first cognitive-behavioural intervention in behaviour therapy of anxiety disorders? (iv) How often do agoraphobics really suffer from marital discord, and how does this affect the outcome of short-term, massed exposure-treatment? It describes the development of concepts and the evolution of knowle

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10

Biran, Mia. "Cognitive and Exposure Treatment for Agoraphobia: Reexamination of the Outcome Research." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 2, no. 3 (1988): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.2.3.165.

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Researchers working within the behavioral framework have concluded that in vivo exposure is an effective, though incomplete, treatment for agoraphobia. Cognitive treatments (i.e., the modification of internal dialogue) have been found less effective and show little supplemental value to exposure. In this paper it is argued that the behavioral perspective has provided a limited vision of cognitive therapy as an effective supplement to exposure. Reexamination of the research literature engenders different conclusions and opens up some fresh possibilities for a combined exposure-cognitive treatme

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11

Biran, Mia W. "Two-Stage Therapy for Agoraphobia." American Journal of Psychotherapy 41, no. 1 (1987): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.1.127.

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12

Knuts, Inge JE, Gabriel Esquivel, Thea Overbeek, and Koen RJ Schruers. "Intensive behavioral therapy for agoraphobia." Journal of Affective Disorders 174 (March 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.029.

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13

Klein, Donald F. "Drug Therapy for Agoraphobia-Reply." Archives of General Psychiatry 45, no. 4 (1988): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800280105015.

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FAVA, G. A., C. RAFANELLI, S. GRANDI, et al. "Long-term outcome of panic disorder with agoraphobia treated by exposure." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 5 (2001): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003592.

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Background. There is a paucity of long-term outcome studies of panic disorder that exceed a 2-year follow-up. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term follow-up of patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia treated according to a standardized protocol.Methods. A consecutive series of 200 patients satisfying the DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia was treated in an out-patient clinic with behavioural methods based on exposure homework. One hundred and thirty-six patients became panic free after 12 sessions of psychotherapy and 132 were available for follow-up. A 2-

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15

Cottraux, Jean, Ivan-Druon Note, Charly Cungi, et al. "A Controlled Study of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Buspirone or Placebo in Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 5 (1995): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.5.635.

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BackgroundThis multicentre study compared a 16-week buspirone treatment with placebo in patients presenting with panic disorder with agoraphobia and also receiving cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT).MethodDouble-blind testing was maintained until week 68, but not tested; 91 patients were included; 14 placebo-responders excluded; 77 patients randomised; 48 reached week 16 and 41 reached week 68.ResultsAt week 16, within-group analysis showed significant improvements in agoraphobia, panic attacks, and depression in both groups. Generalised anxiety improved only in CBT + buspirone. Between-group c

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Kállai, János, György Kóczán, István Szabó, Péter Molnár, and József Varga. "An Experimental Study to Operationally Define and Measure Spatial Orientation in Panic Agoraphobic Subjects, Generalized Anxiety and Healthy Control Groups." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 2 (1995): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800014399.

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In an experimental study with panic agoraphobic patients, generalized anxiety patients and normals we operationally defined and measured spatial orientation of the three research groups. The observation, that patients suffering from agoraphobia have a very narrow exploratory activity range, is as important from the point of view of therapy as theory. Our study observed panic agoraphobic patients through their exploratory abilities. We examine panic agoraphobic, generalized anxiety and normal subjects, as they utilized their exploration skills in a complicated maze. We determined that the cogni

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17

Mavissakalian, Matig. "Combined behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy of agoraphobia." Journal of Psychiatric Research 27 (January 1993): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(93)90027-y.

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18

Latas, Milan, Vladan Starcevic, and Goran Trajkovic. "Relationship of psychiatric comorbidity and treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 134, no. 7-8 (2006): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0608267l.

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Introduction. Besides numerous studies that examined various aspects of comorbidity in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia and numerous studies that examined efficacy of different treatment modalities in these patients, there was no study that examined relationship of overall psychiatric comorbidity and treatment of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. Objective. The objective of the study was to establish the effect of psychiatric comorbidity on treatment efficiency of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. Method. The sample of the study consisted of 119 patients wit

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19

van den Hout, Marcel, Arnoud Arntz, and Rense Hoekstra. "Exposure reduced agoraphobia but not panic, and cognitive therapy reduced panic but not agoraphobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 32, no. 4 (1994): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)90008-6.

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20

Marks, Isaac, and Geraldine O'Sullivan. "Drugs and Psychological Treatments for Agoraphobia/Panic and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorders: A Review." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 5 (1988): 650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.5.650.

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In the short term, both antidepressants and exposure therapy usually improve agoraphobia/panic (AP) and obsessive–compulsive (OC) disorders and are accepted by most patients; psychological methods omitting exposure are not consistently helpful. Antidepressants have a broad-spectrum rather than specific anti-agoraphobia/panic or anti-obsessive–compulsive action. For long-term efficacy, there is good evidence for the value of exposure, but none for drugs. Because of relapse on ceasing drugs, and their side-effects, medication is less useful as the first line of treatment for chronic agoraphobia/

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21

Fava, Giovanni A., Maria Zielezny, Gianni Savron, and Silvana Grandi. "Long-Term Effects of Behavioural Treatment for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 1 (1995): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.1.87.

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BackgroundThere are few long-term follow-up studies of panic disorder treatments, particularly when patients have been treated by behavioural methods only and have recovered.Method110 consecutive patients satisfying the DSM–III–R criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia were treated in an out-patient clinic with behavioural methods based on exposure. After 12 sessions of psychotherapy, 81 patients became panic-free. A 2–9 year follow-up was available. Survival analysis was employed to characterise the clinical course of patients. Regular assessments by a clinical psychologist were based on

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22

King, Anna Lucia Spear, Adriana Cardoso de Oliveira e. Silva, Alexandre Martins Valencça, and Antonio Egidio Nardi. "Cardio-respiratory symptoms in panic disorder: a contribution from cognitive-behaviour therapy." Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 60, no. 4 (2011): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0047-20852011000400011.

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Objective: To compare patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia treated with cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) associated with the medication with patients treated only with medication and verify the behaviour of the cardio-respiratory symptoms of both groups. Methods: Randomized sample in the Psychiatry Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, divided in two groups of 25 participants each. Group 1 undertook 10 weekly sessions of CBT with one hour of duration each together with medication. Group 2, Control, were administered medication that only consisted of tricyclic anti-

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23

Loerch, Bernd, Mechthild Graf-Morgenstern, Martin Hautzinger, et al. "Randomised placebo-controlled trial of moclobemide, cognitive–behavioural therapy and their combination in panic disorder with agoraphobia." British Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 3 (1999): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.3.205.

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BackgroundIn the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia, the efficacy of pharmacological, psychological and combined treatments has been established. Unanswered questions concern the relative efficacy of such treatments.AimsTo demonstrate that moclobemide and cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective singly and more effective in combination.MethodFifty-five patients were randomly assigned to an eight-week treatment of: moclobemide plus CBT; moclobemide plus clinical management (‘psychological placebo’); placebo plus CBT; or placebo plus clinical management.ResultsComparisons betw

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King, Anna Lucia Spear, Alexandre Martins Valença, Valfrido Leão de Melo-Neto, et al. "Efficacy of a specific model for cognitive-behavioral therapy among panic disorder patients with agoraphobia: a randomized clinical trial." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 129, no. 5 (2011): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802011000500008.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is frequently indicated for panic disorder. The aim here was to evaluate the efficacy of a model for cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating panic disorder with agoraphobia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized clinical trial at Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: A group of 50 patients with a diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia was randomized into two groups to receive: a) cognitive-behavioral therapy with medication; or b) medication (tricyclic antidepressants or selective serotonin reuptake inh

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Mussgay, L., and H. Rüddel. "Autonomic Dysfunctions in Patients with Anxiety Throughout Therapy." Journal of Psychophysiology 18, no. 1 (2004): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.18.1.27.

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Abstract Patterns of autonomic cardiovascular regulation were studied in patients with anxiety throughout the course of an intensive inpatient rehabilitation therapy at rest, and in response to an anxiety provocation, in order to measure reactivity changes. Patients had to meet the ICD-10 criteria: F40.0 (agoraphobia), F40.00 (agoraphobia without panic attacks), F40.01 (agoraphobia with panic attacks), or F41 (panic disorder). Thirty-eight patients (13 males, 25 females) were examined after recruitment (T1) and at the end of treatment (T2). Each laboratory session consisted of a resting baseli

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Faretta, Elisa, and Mariella Dal Farra. "Efficacy of EMDR Therapy for Anxiety Disorders." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 13, no. 4 (2019): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.4.325.

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Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for adults with anxiety disorders over a span of 20 years (1997–2017). Three RCTs focused on panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia (PDA); two studies targeted specific phobias, whereas the dependent variable of another RCT was “self-esteem,” considered as a mediator factor for anxiety disorders. In four RCTs, EMDR therapy demonstrated a positive effect on panic and phobic symptoms, whereas one RCT on PDA was partly negative and one study failed in improving se

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Masdrakis, Vasilios G., Emilia-Maria Legaki, Nikolaos Vaidakis, et al. "Baseline Heartbeat Perception Accuracy and Short-Term Outcome of Brief Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 4 (2013): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581300101x.

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Background: Increased heartbeat perception accuracy (HBP-accuracy) may contribute to the pathogenesis of Panic Disorder (PD) without or with Agoraphobia (PDA). Extant research suggests that HBP-accuracy is a rather stable individual characteristic, moreover predictive of worse long-term outcome in PD/PDA patients. However, it remains still unexplored whether HBP-accuracy adversely affects patients’ short-term outcome after structured cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for PD/PDA. Aim: To explore the potential association between HBP-accuracy and the short-term outcome of a structured brief-CBT

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Wittmann, André, Florian Schlagenhauf, Anne Guhn, et al. "Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Neural Processing of Agoraphobia-Specific Stimuli in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 87, no. 6 (2018): 350–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493146.

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Noske-Fabius, J. A. "Elements of breathing therapy for hyperventilation syndrome (including agoraphobia)." Biological Psychology 22, no. 2 (1986): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(86)90058-x.

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Reina, Samantha A., Blanche Freund, and Gail Ironson. "The Use of Prolonged Exposure Therapy Augmented With CBT to Treat Postpartum Trauma." Clinical Case Studies 18, no. 4 (2019): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650119834646.

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Approximately 1% to 2% of women suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth, with obstetric emergencies being a key risk factor for birth-related PTSD. The current study augmented prolonged exposure (PE) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in a 28-year-old married Hispanic female following a life-threatening case of postpartum preeclampsia. To target distressing symptoms and reach treatment goals, the patient engaged in two preparatory sessions, 12 active PE sessions, and five suppleme

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Kozarov, T. "Behavior psychoterapy in the treatment of agoraphobia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71872-7.

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The origin of the word agoraphobia is greek word agora = squere and phobos = fear; fear of public places, streets and squares as well as separation of safety situations and people. Behaviour therapy belongs in “covering” psychoterapy which is primarly interested in actual behaviour of patient in the broadest sence of that word, from the very beginnings of the motoric and autonomous behaviour, along with private thoughts, feelings and events, till freely expressed behaviour which is available to external observation. The basis for neurosa is not entering in the situation of fear and passive avo

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Schruers, K. "SERT gene variation and response to exposure therapy in agoraphobia." European Neuropsychopharmacology 27 (October 2017): S533—S534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(17)31012-x.

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Chambless, Dianne L., Alan J. Goldstein, Richard Gallagher, and Priscilla Bright. "Integrating behavior therapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of agoraphobia." Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 23, no. 1 (1986): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0085582.

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Hoffart, Asle. "A comparison of cognitive and guided mastery therapy of agoraphobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 33, no. 4 (1995): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00056-p.

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Bowen, Rudy, Maxine South, Don Fischer, and Terah Looman. "Depression, Mastery and Number of Group Sessions Attended Predict Outcome of Patients with Panic and Agoraphobia in a Behavioural/Medication Program." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (1994): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900508.

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From a list of 214 patients suffering from panic and agoraphobia and who had been treated with cognitive behaviour therapy, 30 patients who had very good outcomes and 32 who had poor outcomes were selected. The groups were selected by the nurse therapist and psychiatrist on the basis of personal knowledge of the patients. The distinction into good and poor outcome groups was confirmed by the results of a follow-up questionnaire completed by the patient. Of several clinical and demographic variables which had been hypothesized, to be predictors of outcome, only depression, as measured by the Be

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Andrews, Gavin, Mark Oakley-Browne, David Castle, Fiona Judd, and Andrew Baillie. "Summary of Guideline for the Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." Australasian Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (2003): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2003.00529.x.

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Objective: To provide a summary of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia Conclusions: Evidence-based treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia are now clear. These conditions are chronic and disabling in nature, are complicated by delayed treatment and the presence of other psychiatric conditions, and the presence of severe agoraphobia is a negative prognostic indicator. Choice of therapy will depend on the skill of the therapist in applying psychological treatments as well as t

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Cowain, Taryn. "Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy via Videoconferencing to a Rural Area." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 1 (2001): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00853.x.

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Objective: This case report describes the use of cognitive–behavioural therapy via twoway, interactive audiovisual videoconferencing and identifies issues involved in using this form of technology to provide therapy. Clinical picture: A 38-year-old married woman living in rural South Australia presented with panic disorder with agoraphobia and major depression. The patient had refused antidepressant treatment. Treatment: The patient was treated with 12 sessions of cognitive–behavioural therapy delivered via videoconferencing. Outcome: Anxiety and depressive symptoms resolved with concomitant i

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Aslam, Naeem. "Management of Panic Anxiety with Agoraphobia by Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 34, no. 1 (2012): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.96166.

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Mavissakalian, Matig R., and James M. Perel. "Duration of Imipramine Therapy and Relapse in Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 22, no. 3 (2002): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200206000-00010.

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Bouchard, Stéphane, Belle Paquin, Richard Payeur, et al. "Delivering Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia in Videoconference." Telemedicine Journal and e-Health 10, no. 1 (2004): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/153056204773644535.

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Swinson, Richard P., Karen D. Fergus, Brian J. Cox, and Kim Wickwire. "Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 33, no. 4 (1995): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00061-n.

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Hoffart, Asle, Harold Sexton, Liv M. Hedley, and Egil W. Martinsen. "Mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 39, no. 3 (2008): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.07.006.

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Fried, Robert, and William L. Golden. "The Role of Psychophysiological Hyperventilation Assessment in Cognitive Behavior Therapy." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 3, no. 1 (1989): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.3.1.5.

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Common clinical problems including anxiety, panic disorder, and agoraphobia, and psychophysiological disorders including migraine and Raynaud’s disease have been shown to be related to, or exacerbated by, hyperventilation. Demonstrating the connection between the symptoms and breathing has been reported to enhance the effects of behavioral treatment methods including breathing retraining and cognitive coping strategies. The reported hazards of the hyperventilation challenge additionally make the use of a psychophysiological hyperventilation profile (PHVP) a safer adjunct to cognitive behaviora

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Furukawa, Toshi A., Norio Watanabe, and Rachel Churchill. "Psychotherapy plus antidepressant for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 4 (2006): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.4.305.

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BackgroundPanic disorder can be treated with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or a combination of both.AimsTo summarise the evidence concerning the short- and long-term benefits and adverse effects of a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant treatment.MethodMeta-analyses and meta-regressions were undertaken using data from all relevant randomised controlled trials identified by a comprehensive literature search. The primary outcome was relative risk (RR) of response.ResultsWe identified 23 randomised comparisons (21 trials involving a total of 1709 patients). In the acute-phase treatmen

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Richards, Jeffrey C., Vanessa Richardson, and Ciaran Pier. "The Relative Contributions of Negative Cognitions and Self-efficacy to Severity of Panic Attacks in Panic Disorder." Behaviour Change 19, no. 2 (2002): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.19.2.102.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the degree to which fearful and catastrophic cognitions, and self-efficacy for managing panic predicted various panic attack characteristics in panic disorder. The cognitive variables consisted of anxiety sensitivity, the frequency of fearful agoraphobic cognitions and measures of catastrophic misinterpretation of symptoms. The panic parameters were number and severity of panic symptoms, distress associated with panic attacks, worry about future panics, duration of panic disorder, and life interference due to panic disorder. These variables were m

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Bandelow, Borwin, and Eckart Rüther. "Treatment-Resistant Panic Disorder." CNS Spectrums 9, no. 10 (2004): 725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900022379.

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AbstractA substantial number of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia may remain symptomatic after standard treatment (including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, or irreversible monamine oxidase inhibitors). In this review, recommendations for the treatment of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia who do not respond to these drugs are provided. Nonresponse to drug treatment could be defined as a failure to achieve a 50% reduction on a standard rating scale after a minimum of 6 weeks of treatment in adequate dose. When initial tr

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Bishay, Nagy R., Nicholas Tarrier, and Anthony P. Roberts. "Cognitive therapy of agoraphobia in reaction to physical illness: an uncontrolled study." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 12, no. 4 (1995): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700014245.

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AbstractThis study describes the uncontrolled treatment of six patients who developed an agoraphobia-like syndrome following physical illness. They all revealed danger-related cognitions associated with possible sequelae of their physical illness. Cognitive therapy based on realistic assessment of risks and a strategy to minimise them was associated with improvements that were maintained at six-month follow up. The study identifies the specificity of the danger-related cognitions and points to the need for further studies to assess the size of the problem, and the need for controlled trials to

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Arntz, Arnoud. "Cognitive therapy versus interoceptive exposure as treatment of panic disorder without agoraphobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 40, no. 3 (2002): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00014-6.

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Bouchard, Stéphane, Richard Payeur, Vicky Rivard, et al. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia in Videoconference: Preliminary Results." CyberPsychology & Behavior 3, no. 6 (2000): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/109493100452264.

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Arntz, Arnoud, and Marcel Van Den Hout. "Psychological treatments of panic disorder without agoraphobia: Cognitive therapy versus applied relaxation." Behaviour Research and Therapy 34, no. 2 (1996): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00061-5.

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