Dissertations / Theses: 'AGR/09 Meccanica agraria'

1

Balducci, Gabriele <1978&gt. "Vendemmia meccanica: aspettative, problematiche e risposte sperimentali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4369/1/Balducci_Gabriele_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Lo vendemmia meccanica incontra ancora resistenze legate al timore di peggiorare la qualità del prodotto e di avere elevate perdite di raccolta. In questo contesto sono state effettuate quattro prove sperimentali, finalizzate a definire le interazioni macchina, pianta e prodotto raccolto e a valutare nuove possibilità di regolazione delle vendemmiatrici e di gestione del prodotto raccolto. Le prime due sono state realizzate con vendemmiatrici a scuotimento orizzontale e verticale. L’obiettivo è stato quello di individuare l’influenza della frequenza del battitore sull’efficienza di raccolta e sulla qualità del prodotto e di verificare il maltrattamento provocato dagli organi di intercettazione e trasporto della vendemmiatrice. I risultati hanno dimostrato l’importanza della corretta regolazione del battitore delle vendemmiatrici a scuotimento orizzontale che operano direttamente sulla fascia produttiva del vigneto. Questa regolazione risulta più semplice sulle macchine a scuotimento verticale che agiscono indirettamente sui fili di sostegno delle doppie cortine. La misura delle sollecitazioni all’interno della macchina ha evidenziato valori anche elevati, pericolosi per l’integrità del prodotto raccolto, legati alla differente costruzione degli organi d’intercettazione e trasporto. La terza prova ha valutato l’efficacia di due nuovi accessori per le vendemmiatrici: la regolazione dell’ampiezza del battitore e un sensore per misurare in continuo il grado di ammostamento provocato. I risultati hanno dimostrato la loro validità per migliorare le prestazioni operative delle vendemmiatrici e per fornire agli operatori uno strumento di controllo in tempo reale sulla qualità della raccolta. Infine, considerando che le vendemmiatrici producono sempre un ammostamento dell’uva, abbiamo verificato un sistema innovativo che permette di anticipare la protezione del mosto libero già durante il trasporto dal campo. Il sistema si è dimostrato semplice, efficace ed economico. Queste esperienze hanno dimostrano che la vendemmia meccanica, se correttamente gestita, permette di ottenere ottimi risultati sotto il profilo qualitativo, tecnologico ed economico.
The use of mechanical harvesting is still influenced by prejudices concerning the deterioration of quality level of harvested grapes. In this context we have carried out trials aimed at determining the interactions between machine and plants, to explore new possibilities of harvester regulation and management on harvested yield. The experiment was divided into four trials. The first two trials were done using horizontal and vertical shaking harvesters. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of harvester beating frequency regulation on the crop yields and product quality, and to verify the stresses transmitted during the interception and transport of grape by mechanical tools of harvesters. Trials have shown the importance of beating frequency regulation in horizontal shaking harvesters that operate directly on the production area. This adjustment may be easier on the vertical shaking machines due to a closer interaction between the plant and the machine. The stresses measurement inside the machine showed high values for the integrity of harvested product, cause of the different structure of interception and transport mechanical tools of harvesters. The third trial evaluated the efficacy of two new proposals: the amplitude adjustment of beater’s horizontal movement and a sensor for continuous measurement of the releasing of must. The results showed the possibility to use these proposals to improve grape harvester performance and supply the vineyard operators with a real time checking instrument of the quality harvesting. Finally, because of releasing of must caused by mechanical harvester, we tested out an innovative system that allows to advance the protection of liquid part by chemical and physical compound directly in the field. This system has proven to be simple, effective in qualitative results and cheaper. These experiments demonstrate that mechanical harvesting if properly managed, can achieve excellent results in terms of quality, technology and costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Balducci, Gabriele <1978&gt. "Vendemmia meccanica: aspettative, problematiche e risposte sperimentali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4369/.

Full text

Abstract:

Lo vendemmia meccanica incontra ancora resistenze legate al timore di peggiorare la qualità del prodotto e di avere elevate perdite di raccolta. In questo contesto sono state effettuate quattro prove sperimentali, finalizzate a definire le interazioni macchina, pianta e prodotto raccolto e a valutare nuove possibilità di regolazione delle vendemmiatrici e di gestione del prodotto raccolto. Le prime due sono state realizzate con vendemmiatrici a scuotimento orizzontale e verticale. L’obiettivo è stato quello di individuare l’influenza della frequenza del battitore sull’efficienza di raccolta e sulla qualità del prodotto e di verificare il maltrattamento provocato dagli organi di intercettazione e trasporto della vendemmiatrice. I risultati hanno dimostrato l’importanza della corretta regolazione del battitore delle vendemmiatrici a scuotimento orizzontale che operano direttamente sulla fascia produttiva del vigneto. Questa regolazione risulta più semplice sulle macchine a scuotimento verticale che agiscono indirettamente sui fili di sostegno delle doppie cortine. La misura delle sollecitazioni all’interno della macchina ha evidenziato valori anche elevati, pericolosi per l’integrità del prodotto raccolto, legati alla differente costruzione degli organi d’intercettazione e trasporto. La terza prova ha valutato l’efficacia di due nuovi accessori per le vendemmiatrici: la regolazione dell’ampiezza del battitore e un sensore per misurare in continuo il grado di ammostamento provocato. I risultati hanno dimostrato la loro validità per migliorare le prestazioni operative delle vendemmiatrici e per fornire agli operatori uno strumento di controllo in tempo reale sulla qualità della raccolta. Infine, considerando che le vendemmiatrici producono sempre un ammostamento dell’uva, abbiamo verificato un sistema innovativo che permette di anticipare la protezione del mosto libero già durante il trasporto dal campo. Il sistema si è dimostrato semplice, efficace ed economico. Queste esperienze hanno dimostrano che la vendemmia meccanica, se correttamente gestita, permette di ottenere ottimi risultati sotto il profilo qualitativo, tecnologico ed economico.
The use of mechanical harvesting is still influenced by prejudices concerning the deterioration of quality level of harvested grapes. In this context we have carried out trials aimed at determining the interactions between machine and plants, to explore new possibilities of harvester regulation and management on harvested yield. The experiment was divided into four trials. The first two trials were done using horizontal and vertical shaking harvesters. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of harvester beating frequency regulation on the crop yields and product quality, and to verify the stresses transmitted during the interception and transport of grape by mechanical tools of harvesters. Trials have shown the importance of beating frequency regulation in horizontal shaking harvesters that operate directly on the production area. This adjustment may be easier on the vertical shaking machines due to a closer interaction between the plant and the machine. The stresses measurement inside the machine showed high values for the integrity of harvested product, cause of the different structure of interception and transport mechanical tools of harvesters. The third trial evaluated the efficacy of two new proposals: the amplitude adjustment of beater’s horizontal movement and a sensor for continuous measurement of the releasing of must. The results showed the possibility to use these proposals to improve grape harvester performance and supply the vineyard operators with a real time checking instrument of the quality harvesting. Finally, because of releasing of must caused by mechanical harvester, we tested out an innovative system that allows to advance the protection of liquid part by chemical and physical compound directly in the field. This system has proven to be simple, effective in qualitative results and cheaper. These experiments demonstrate that mechanical harvesting if properly managed, can achieve excellent results in terms of quality, technology and costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Gradari, Paolo <1976&gt. "Coni stampati per gelato artigianale: caratterizzazione fisico-meccanica e modulazioni di processo nell'ottica del miglioramento della gestione della qualità." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/906/1/Tesi_Gradari_Paolo.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Gradari, Paolo <1976&gt. "Coni stampati per gelato artigianale: caratterizzazione fisico-meccanica e modulazioni di processo nell'ottica del miglioramento della gestione della qualità." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/906/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Malagnino, Remo Alessio <1986&gt. "Energy Systems Optimization on Agricultural Sector." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7464/.

Full text

Abstract:

Come molti altri settori produttivi, anche l'agricoltura deve affrontare una crescente dipendenza energetica da elettricità, petrolio e gas naturale. Tuttavia, l'agricoltura può rispondere direttamente a tali richieste ricorrendo alle fonti di energia rinnovabili (FER), come il solare fotovoltaico (PV) e gli impianti biogas/biometano (BP). Questi sistemi sono stati fortemente incentivati in passato. Gli attuali sistemi d’incentivazione prevedono invece sussidi commisurati alle caratteristiche aziendali come stalle, fienili, disponibilità di biomasse, ecc. Per questi motivi, per quanto riguarda il settore FV, è necessario utilizzare modelli analitici affidabili per valutare l’orientamento e la tecnologia migliore, in particolare per generatori integrati architettonicamente. Per la produzione di biometano, gli impianti di piccole dimensioni risultano quelli maggiormente incentivati previa alimentazione con sottoprodotti agro-industriali. Tuttavia, le loro performance dipendono fortemente dalla tecnologia d’upgrading. Pertanto, le prospettive economiche offerte da questi sistemi RES sono legate alla scelta della tecnologia da impiegare e non più esclusivamente al semplice dimensionamento. Su questa base, l'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è stato lo sviluppo di strumenti di supporto decisionali (DSSS) per l'ottimizzazione energetica d’impianti FV e BP. Un primo studio si è focalizzato sull’analisi prestazionale per singolo componente e globale d’impianti FV installati in un’azienda agricola. Inoltre, una procedura analitica di ottimizzazione dei parametri d’impianto è stata definita per massimizzare il rendimento elettrico di un generatore integrato architettonicamente rispetto ad un’installazione a terra. Attraverso una serie d’informazioni tecnico-economiche di tecnologie di upgrading, un secondo studio è stato condotto con l'obiettivo di sviluppare un DSS per valutare la marginalità sul reddito aziendale data dall’installazione on-farm di un impianto BP collegato alla rete del gas naturale. I risultati dei due studi hanno dimostrato come questi DSS possono essere utili strumenti per valutare preventivamente le diverse potenzialità offerte da impianti FV e BP in base alle caratteristiche di un’azienda agricola.
Like many other productive sectors, even agriculture must tackle an increasing energy dependency on electricity, petroleum and natural gas. Nevertheless, agriculture can directly respond to such request thanks to renewable energy systems (RES) like solar photovoltaic (PV) and biogas/biomethane (BP) plants. These systems have been strongly incentivized in the past. On the contrary, current incentive schemes provide feed-in-tariffs proportionate to farming characteristics as stables, barns, biomass availability, etc. For this reason, as regards the PV sector, it is required to use reliable analytical models for assessing the best orientation and technology, in particular for architecturally integrated generators. For the biomethane production, small-medium plants have stronger incentives in particular using agro-food by-products as feed. However, their performances are strongly dependent on biomethane upgrading technology. Thus, the economic prospective offered by these RES systems are substantially tied to technology choice optimization and no longer solely in simple sizing. On this basis, the main goal of this work is to develop Decision Support Tools (DSSs) for energy optimization both for PV and BP plants. A first study was focused on the analysis of PV plants installed in the same farm. The aim is to examine the impact each plant component has on the PV generator global efficiency and define an analytical procedure for technical parameters optimization in order to maximize the electric yield of an architectonically integrated plant compared to a ground-mounted one. Based on the economic and efficiency features of a biomethane upgrading technology set, a second study was carried out with the aim to design a DSS to assess enterprise-wide profit margins resulting from the on-farm BP plant installation linked to the natural gas grid. The results of the two studies have shown how these DSSs can be useful tools for choosing PV and BP technologies based on farm characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Maglioni, Cesare <1977&gt. "Analysis of reciprocating single blade cutter bars." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/378/1/Tesi.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Maglioni, Cesare <1977&gt. "Analysis of reciprocating single blade cutter bars." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/378/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Trevisani, Alessandro <1977&gt. "Caratterizzazione dei materiali legnosi per imballaggi nel settore agroalimentare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/908/1/Tesi_Trevisani_Alessandro.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Trevisani, Alessandro <1977&gt. "Caratterizzazione dei materiali legnosi per imballaggi nel settore agroalimentare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/908/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ambrosini, Marco <1976&gt. "The uncertainty in standardised sound power measurements: complying with ISO 17025." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1243/1/marco_ambrosini_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

In the context of “testing laboratory” one of the most important aspect to deal with is the measurement result. Whenever decisions are based on measurement results, it is important to have some indication of the quality of the results. In every area concerning with noise measurement many standards are available but without an expression of uncertainty, it is impossible to judge whether two results are in compliance or not. ISO/IEC 17025 is an international standard related with the competence of calibration and testing laboratories. It contains the requirements that testing and calibration laboratories have to meet if they wish to demonstrate that they operate to a quality system, are technically competent and are able to generate technically valid results. ISO/IEC 17025 deals specifically with the requirements for the competence of laboratories performing testing and calibration and for the reporting of the results, which may or may not contain opinions and interpretations of the results. The standard requires appropriate methods of analysis to be used for estimating uncertainty of measurement. In this point of view, for a testing laboratory performing sound power measurement according to specific ISO standards and European Directives, the measurement of uncertainties is the most important factor to deal with. Sound power level measurement, according to ISO 3744:1994 , performed with a limited number of microphones distributed over a surface enveloping a source is affected by a certain systematic error and a related standard deviation. Making a comparison of measurement carried out with different microphone arrays is difficult because results are affected by systematic errors and standard deviation that are peculiarities of the number of microphones disposed on the surface, their spatial position and the complexity of the sound field. A statistical approach could give an overview of the difference between sound power level evaluated with different microphone arrays and an evaluation of errors that afflict this kind of measurement. Despite the classical approach that tend to follow the ISO GUM this thesis present a different point of view of the problem related to the comparison of result obtained from different microphone arrays.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Ambrosini, Marco <1976&gt. "The uncertainty in standardised sound power measurements: complying with ISO 17025." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1243/.

Full text

Abstract:

In the context of “testing laboratory” one of the most important aspect to deal with is the measurement result. Whenever decisions are based on measurement results, it is important to have some indication of the quality of the results. In every area concerning with noise measurement many standards are available but without an expression of uncertainty, it is impossible to judge whether two results are in compliance or not. ISO/IEC 17025 is an international standard related with the competence of calibration and testing laboratories. It contains the requirements that testing and calibration laboratories have to meet if they wish to demonstrate that they operate to a quality system, are technically competent and are able to generate technically valid results. ISO/IEC 17025 deals specifically with the requirements for the competence of laboratories performing testing and calibration and for the reporting of the results, which may or may not contain opinions and interpretations of the results. The standard requires appropriate methods of analysis to be used for estimating uncertainty of measurement. In this point of view, for a testing laboratory performing sound power measurement according to specific ISO standards and European Directives, the measurement of uncertainties is the most important factor to deal with. Sound power level measurement, according to ISO 3744:1994 , performed with a limited number of microphones distributed over a surface enveloping a source is affected by a certain systematic error and a related standard deviation. Making a comparison of measurement carried out with different microphone arrays is difficult because results are affected by systematic errors and standard deviation that are peculiarities of the number of microphones disposed on the surface, their spatial position and the complexity of the sound field. A statistical approach could give an overview of the difference between sound power level evaluated with different microphone arrays and an evaluation of errors that afflict this kind of measurement. Despite the classical approach that tend to follow the ISO GUM this thesis present a different point of view of the problem related to the comparison of result obtained from different microphone arrays.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Pagliarani, Stefano <1978&gt. "Progetto del circuito di lubrificazione di una trattrice agricola." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2109/1/Pagliarani_Stefano_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Today the design of hydraulic and lubrication circuits is becoming more and more important. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for the design of the lubrication circuit of an agricultural tractor. In this paper the lubrication circuit of a continuously variable transmission is analysed. Several lines of the circuit are considered and in particular the lubrication of gears is discussed. The worst possible working condition which corresponds to the highest power dissipation for each part of the transmission is determined. The model of the lubrication circuit is developed with two different software simulations (Automation Studio & Amesim). In order to check the reliability of the simulation models and to characterise the lubrication circuit, experimental tests are performed. The comparison between the values of pressure drops obtained by the models and by the experimental test, demonstrates that it is possible to use these programs for the set up of a simple model of the lubrication circuit. The calculation of oil flows necessary for a force-fed lubrication of the gears, the simulation of the circuit by commercial software, and the validation of the circuit design allow to set up a preliminary equilibrium among the pipes and a proper flow rate distribution. Optimising the circuit design in the initial phase of the project is very important. The experimental adjustment of the circuit, which is often difficult, can be simplified; time and cost production can be reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Pagliarani, Stefano <1978&gt. "Progetto del circuito di lubrificazione di una trattrice agricola." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2109/.

Full text

Abstract:

Today the design of hydraulic and lubrication circuits is becoming more and more important. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for the design of the lubrication circuit of an agricultural tractor. In this paper the lubrication circuit of a continuously variable transmission is analysed. Several lines of the circuit are considered and in particular the lubrication of gears is discussed. The worst possible working condition which corresponds to the highest power dissipation for each part of the transmission is determined. The model of the lubrication circuit is developed with two different software simulations (Automation Studio & Amesim). In order to check the reliability of the simulation models and to characterise the lubrication circuit, experimental tests are performed. The comparison between the values of pressure drops obtained by the models and by the experimental test, demonstrates that it is possible to use these programs for the set up of a simple model of the lubrication circuit. The calculation of oil flows necessary for a force-fed lubrication of the gears, the simulation of the circuit by commercial software, and the validation of the circuit design allow to set up a preliminary equilibrium among the pipes and a proper flow rate distribution. Optimising the circuit design in the initial phase of the project is very important. The experimental adjustment of the circuit, which is often difficult, can be simplified; time and cost production can be reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Cevoli, Chiara <1981&gt. "Trattamenti ad aria calda per la decontaminazione superficiale delle uova in guscio." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2517/1/Cevoli_chiara_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to improve the animal welfare, the Council Directive 1999/74/EC (defining minimum standards for the welfare of laying hens) will ban conventional cage systems since 2012, in favour of enriched cages or floor systems. As a consequence an increased risk of bacterial contamination of eggshell is expected (EFSA, 2005). Furthermore egg-associated salmonellosis is an important public health problem throughout the world (Roberts et al., 1994). In this regard the introduction of efficient measures to reduce eggshell contamination by S. Enteritidis or other bacterial pathogens, and thus to prevent any potential or additional food safety risk for Human health, may be envisaged. The hot air pasteurization can be a viable alternative for the decontamination of the surface of the egg shell. Few studies have been performed on the decontamination power of this technique on table eggs (Hou et al, 1996; James et al., 2002). The aim of this study was to develop innovative techniques to remove surface contamination of shell eggs by hot air under natural or forced convection. Initially two simplified finite element models describing the thermal interaction between the air and egg were developed, respectively for the natural and forced convection. The numerical models were validated using an egg simulant equipped by type-K thermocouple (Chromel/Alumel). Once validated, the models allowed the selection of a thermal cycle with an inner temperature always lower than 55°C. Subsequently a specific apparatus composed by two hot air generators, one cold air generator and rolling cylinder support, was built to physically condition the eggs. The decontamination power of the thermal treatments was evaluated on shell eggs experimentally inoculated with either Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and on shell eggs containing only the indigenous microflora. The applicability of treatments was further evaluated by comparing quality traits of treated and not treated eggs immediately after the treatment and after 28 days of storage at 20°C. The results showed that the treatment characterized by two shots of hot air at 350°C for 8 sec, spaced by a cooling interval of 32 (forced convection), reduce the bacterial population of more than 90% (Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes). No statistically significant results were obtained comparing E. coli treated and not treated eggs as well as indigenous microflora treated and not treated eggs. A reduction of 2.6 log was observed on Salmonella enteritidis load of eggs immediately after the treatment in oven at 200°C for 200 minutes (natural convection). Furthermore no detrimental effects on quality traits of treated eggs were recorded. These results support the hot air techniques for the surface decontamination of table eggs as an effective industrial process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Cevoli, Chiara <1981&gt. "Trattamenti ad aria calda per la decontaminazione superficiale delle uova in guscio." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2517/.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to improve the animal welfare, the Council Directive 1999/74/EC (defining minimum standards for the welfare of laying hens) will ban conventional cage systems since 2012, in favour of enriched cages or floor systems. As a consequence an increased risk of bacterial contamination of eggshell is expected (EFSA, 2005). Furthermore egg-associated salmonellosis is an important public health problem throughout the world (Roberts et al., 1994). In this regard the introduction of efficient measures to reduce eggshell contamination by S. Enteritidis or other bacterial pathogens, and thus to prevent any potential or additional food safety risk for Human health, may be envisaged. The hot air pasteurization can be a viable alternative for the decontamination of the surface of the egg shell. Few studies have been performed on the decontamination power of this technique on table eggs (Hou et al, 1996; James et al., 2002). The aim of this study was to develop innovative techniques to remove surface contamination of shell eggs by hot air under natural or forced convection. Initially two simplified finite element models describing the thermal interaction between the air and egg were developed, respectively for the natural and forced convection. The numerical models were validated using an egg simulant equipped by type-K thermocouple (Chromel/Alumel). Once validated, the models allowed the selection of a thermal cycle with an inner temperature always lower than 55°C. Subsequently a specific apparatus composed by two hot air generators, one cold air generator and rolling cylinder support, was built to physically condition the eggs. The decontamination power of the thermal treatments was evaluated on shell eggs experimentally inoculated with either Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and on shell eggs containing only the indigenous microflora. The applicability of treatments was further evaluated by comparing quality traits of treated and not treated eggs immediately after the treatment and after 28 days of storage at 20°C. The results showed that the treatment characterized by two shots of hot air at 350°C for 8 sec, spaced by a cooling interval of 32 (forced convection), reduce the bacterial population of more than 90% (Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes). No statistically significant results were obtained comparing E. coli treated and not treated eggs as well as indigenous microflora treated and not treated eggs. A reduction of 2.6 log was observed on Salmonella enteritidis load of eggs immediately after the treatment in oven at 200°C for 200 minutes (natural convection). Furthermore no detrimental effects on quality traits of treated eggs were recorded. These results support the hot air techniques for the surface decontamination of table eggs as an effective industrial process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Studhalter, Marco <1981&gt. "Progettazione, realizzazione e prime verifiche di campo di un sistema di monitoraggio della carpocapsa (Cydia pomonella L.)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2574/1/Studhalter_Marco__Progettazione%2C_realizzazione_e_prime_verifiche_di_campo_di_un_sistema_di_monitoraggio_della_carpocapsa______%28Cydia_pomonella__L.%29..pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Studhalter, Marco <1981&gt. "Progettazione, realizzazione e prime verifiche di campo di un sistema di monitoraggio della carpocapsa (Cydia pomonella L.)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2574/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Capacci, Enrico <1978&gt. "Tecnologie di confezionamento delle sementi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2968/1/Capacci_Enrico_Tecnologie_di_confezionamento_delle_sementi.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Capacci, Enrico <1978&gt. "Tecnologie di confezionamento delle sementi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2968/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Silaghi, Florina Aurelia <1983&gt. "Applicazioni industriali e di ricerca della spettroscopia NIR per la valutazione di indici qualitativi di prodotti alimentari." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3745/1/Silaghi_FlorinaAurelia_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present work qualitative aspects of products that fall outside the classic Italian of food production view will be investigated, except for the apricot, a fruit, however, less studied by the methods considered here. The development of computer systems and the advanced software systems dedicated for statistical processing of data, has permitted the application of advanced technologies including the analysis of niche products. The near-infrared spectroscopic analysis was applied to the chemical industry for over twenty years and, subsequently, was applied in food industry with great success for non-destructive in line and off-line analysis. The work that will be presented below range from the use of spectroscopy for the determination of some rheological indices of ice cream applications to the characterization of the main quality indices of apricots, fresh dates, determination of the production areas of pistachio. Next to the spectroscopy will be illustrated different methods of multivariate analysis for spectra interpretation or for the construction of qualitative models of estimation. The thesis is divided into four separate studies that consider the same number of products. Each one of it is introduced by its own premise and ended with its own bibliography. This studies are preceded by a general discussion on the state of art and the basics of NIR spectroscopy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Silaghi, Florina Aurelia <1983&gt. "Applicazioni industriali e di ricerca della spettroscopia NIR per la valutazione di indici qualitativi di prodotti alimentari." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3745/.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present work qualitative aspects of products that fall outside the classic Italian of food production view will be investigated, except for the apricot, a fruit, however, less studied by the methods considered here. The development of computer systems and the advanced software systems dedicated for statistical processing of data, has permitted the application of advanced technologies including the analysis of niche products. The near-infrared spectroscopic analysis was applied to the chemical industry for over twenty years and, subsequently, was applied in food industry with great success for non-destructive in line and off-line analysis. The work that will be presented below range from the use of spectroscopy for the determination of some rheological indices of ice cream applications to the characterization of the main quality indices of apricots, fresh dates, determination of the production areas of pistachio. Next to the spectroscopy will be illustrated different methods of multivariate analysis for spectra interpretation or for the construction of qualitative models of estimation. The thesis is divided into four separate studies that consider the same number of products. Each one of it is introduced by its own premise and ended with its own bibliography. This studies are preceded by a general discussion on the state of art and the basics of NIR spectroscopy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shakhs, Tavakolian Mohammad Sadegh <1983&gt. "Non destructive methods in the automation of the dates quality evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3920/1/Shakhs_tavakolian_Mohammad_sadegh_tesi.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Shakhs, Tavakolian Mohammad Sadegh <1983&gt. "Non destructive methods in the automation of the dates quality evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3920/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zucchelli, Matteo <1982&gt. "Meccanizzazione delle fasi di raccolta delle biomasse dedicate e residuali. Utilizzo di GPS e altri componenti elettronici per il rilevamento automatico dei dati." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3933/1/Zucchelli_Matteo_Tesi.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zucchelli, Matteo <1982&gt. "Meccanizzazione delle fasi di raccolta delle biomasse dedicate e residuali. Utilizzo di GPS e altri componenti elettronici per il rilevamento automatico dei dati." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3933/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Mattetti, Michele <1982&gt. "Prove accelerate per la verifica strutturale di trattrici agricole." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4469/1/tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

The needs of customers to improve machinery in recent years have driven tractor manufacturers to reduce product life and development costs. The most significant efforts have concentrated on the attempt to decrease the costs of the experimental testing sector. The validation of the tractor prototypes are presently performed with a replication of a particularly unfavourable condition a defined number of times. These laboratory tests do not always faithfully reproduce the real use of the tractor. Therefore, field tests are also carried out to evaluate the prototype during real use, but it is difficult to perform such tests for a period of time long enough to reproduce tractor life usage. In this context, accelerated tests have been introduced in the automotive sector, producing a certain damage to the structure in a reduced amount of time. The goal of this paper is to define a methodology for the realization of accelerated structural tests on a tractor, through the reproduction of real customer tractor usage. A market analysis was performed on a 80 kW power tractor and a series of measures were then taken to simulate the real use of the tractor. Subsequently, the rainflow matrixes of the signals were extrapolated and used to estimate the tractor loadings for 10 years of tractor life. Finally these loadings were reproduced on testing grounds with special road pavements. The results obtained highlight the possibility of reproducing field loadings during road driving on proving grounds (PGs), but the use of two field operations is also necessary. The global acceleration factor obtained in this first step of the methodology is equal to three.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mattetti, Michele <1982&gt. "Prove accelerate per la verifica strutturale di trattrici agricole." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4469/.

Full text

Abstract:

The needs of customers to improve machinery in recent years have driven tractor manufacturers to reduce product life and development costs. The most significant efforts have concentrated on the attempt to decrease the costs of the experimental testing sector. The validation of the tractor prototypes are presently performed with a replication of a particularly unfavourable condition a defined number of times. These laboratory tests do not always faithfully reproduce the real use of the tractor. Therefore, field tests are also carried out to evaluate the prototype during real use, but it is difficult to perform such tests for a period of time long enough to reproduce tractor life usage. In this context, accelerated tests have been introduced in the automotive sector, producing a certain damage to the structure in a reduced amount of time. The goal of this paper is to define a methodology for the realization of accelerated structural tests on a tractor, through the reproduction of real customer tractor usage. A market analysis was performed on a 80 kW power tractor and a series of measures were then taken to simulate the real use of the tractor. Subsequently, the rainflow matrixes of the signals were extrapolated and used to estimate the tractor loadings for 10 years of tractor life. Finally these loadings were reproduced on testing grounds with special road pavements. The results obtained highlight the possibility of reproducing field loadings during road driving on proving grounds (PGs), but the use of two field operations is also necessary. The global acceleration factor obtained in this first step of the methodology is equal to three.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Magagnotti, Natascia <1971&gt. "Analisi dei cantieri di Cippatura in merito ad aspetti operativi e di salvaguardia degli operatori." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4518/1/magagnotti_natascia_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

La cippatura è un processo produttivo fondamentale nella trasformazione della materia prima forestale in biomassa combustibile che coinvolgerà un numero sempre più crescente di operatori. Scopo dello studio è stato quantificare la produttività e il consumo di combustibile in 16 cantieri di cippatura e determinare i livelli di esposizione alla polvere di legno degli addetti alla cippatura, in funzione di condizioni operative differenti. Sono state identificate due tipologie di cantiere: uno industriale, con cippatrici di grossa taglia (300-400kW) dotate di cabina, e uno semi-industriale con cippatrici di piccola-media taglia (100-150kW) prive di cabina. In tutti i cantieri sono stati misurati i tempi di lavoro, i consumi di combustibile, l’esposizione alla polvere di legno e sono stati raccolti dei campioni di cippato per l’analisi qualitativa. Il cantiere industriale ha raggiunto una produttività media oraria di 25 Mg tal quali, ed è risultato 5 volte più produttivo di quello semi-industriale, che ha raggiunto una produttività media oraria di 5 Mg. Ipotizzando un utilizzo massimo annuo di 1500 ore, il cantiere semi-industriale raggiunge una produzione annua di 7.410 Mg, mentre quello industriale di 37.605 Mg. Il consumo specifico di gasolio (L per Mg di cippato) è risultato molto minore per il cantiere industriale, che consuma in media quasi la metà di quello semi-industriale. Riguardo all’esposizione degli operatori alla polvere di legno, tutti i campioni hanno riportato valori di esposizione inferiori a 5 mg/m3 (limite di legge previsto dal D.Lgs. 81/08). Nei cantieri semi-industriali il valore medio di esposizione è risultato di 1,35 mg/m3, con un valore massimo di 3,66 mg/m3. Nei cantieri industriali si è riscontrato che la cabina riduce drasticamente l’esposizione alle polveri di legno. I valori medi misurati all’esterno della cabina sono stati di 0,90 mg/m3 mentre quelli all’interno della cabina sono risultati pari a 0,20 mg/m3.
This study examined 16 commercial chipping operations in order to determine: productivity, fuel consumption, cost and exposure to wood dust Operations were divided into industrial and semi-industrial, the former based on powerful chippers (300-400 kW) fitted with an enclosed cab, and the latter on smaller machines (100-150 kW) without enclosed cab. Field data was collected for time consumption, mass output, fuel use and exposure to wood dust. Chip samples were taken from all operations in order to determine moisture content and particle size distribution. During the tests, chipper operators wore special wood dust samplers. When the operators sat inside a cab, wood dust samplers were also placed outside the cab in order to determine the dust abatement benefit offered by the enclosed cab. As an average, industrial operations reached a productivity of 25 Mg fresh chips per hour, whereas semi-industrial operations produced only one fifth of this quantity (i.e. 5 Mg/h). Assuming 1500 hours as the maximum annual usage, industrial operations offer an annual production in excess of 37.000 Mg, whereas semi-industrial operations barely exceed 7.000 Mg. Cost-wise, semi-industrial operations are preferable to industrial operations only if the annual production is below 3.000 Mg. Specific fuel consumption (L per Mg of chips) is much lower for industrial operations, compared to semi-industrial operations. Concerning exposure to wood dust, all the sampled operations were within the 5 mg/m3 legal limit. Exposure was higher in semi-industrial operations, with average and maximum values of 1,35 and 3,66 mg/m3, respectively. Exposure was lower in industrial operations, where the recorded average values were 0,90 and 0,20 mg/m3 outside and inside the cab, respectively. If future legislation will reduce the maximum allowed exposure to 1 mg/m3, then semi-industrial operators may need to renounce manual chipper feeding and bring their operators inside the cab of a boom loader.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Magagnotti, Natascia <1971&gt. "Analisi dei cantieri di Cippatura in merito ad aspetti operativi e di salvaguardia degli operatori." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4518/.

Full text

Abstract:

La cippatura è un processo produttivo fondamentale nella trasformazione della materia prima forestale in biomassa combustibile che coinvolgerà un numero sempre più crescente di operatori. Scopo dello studio è stato quantificare la produttività e il consumo di combustibile in 16 cantieri di cippatura e determinare i livelli di esposizione alla polvere di legno degli addetti alla cippatura, in funzione di condizioni operative differenti. Sono state identificate due tipologie di cantiere: uno industriale, con cippatrici di grossa taglia (300-400kW) dotate di cabina, e uno semi-industriale con cippatrici di piccola-media taglia (100-150kW) prive di cabina. In tutti i cantieri sono stati misurati i tempi di lavoro, i consumi di combustibile, l’esposizione alla polvere di legno e sono stati raccolti dei campioni di cippato per l’analisi qualitativa. Il cantiere industriale ha raggiunto una produttività media oraria di 25 Mg tal quali, ed è risultato 5 volte più produttivo di quello semi-industriale, che ha raggiunto una produttività media oraria di 5 Mg. Ipotizzando un utilizzo massimo annuo di 1500 ore, il cantiere semi-industriale raggiunge una produzione annua di 7.410 Mg, mentre quello industriale di 37.605 Mg. Il consumo specifico di gasolio (L per Mg di cippato) è risultato molto minore per il cantiere industriale, che consuma in media quasi la metà di quello semi-industriale. Riguardo all’esposizione degli operatori alla polvere di legno, tutti i campioni hanno riportato valori di esposizione inferiori a 5 mg/m3 (limite di legge previsto dal D.Lgs. 81/08). Nei cantieri semi-industriali il valore medio di esposizione è risultato di 1,35 mg/m3, con un valore massimo di 3,66 mg/m3. Nei cantieri industriali si è riscontrato che la cabina riduce drasticamente l’esposizione alle polveri di legno. I valori medi misurati all’esterno della cabina sono stati di 0,90 mg/m3 mentre quelli all’interno della cabina sono risultati pari a 0,20 mg/m3.
This study examined 16 commercial chipping operations in order to determine: productivity, fuel consumption, cost and exposure to wood dust Operations were divided into industrial and semi-industrial, the former based on powerful chippers (300-400 kW) fitted with an enclosed cab, and the latter on smaller machines (100-150 kW) without enclosed cab. Field data was collected for time consumption, mass output, fuel use and exposure to wood dust. Chip samples were taken from all operations in order to determine moisture content and particle size distribution. During the tests, chipper operators wore special wood dust samplers. When the operators sat inside a cab, wood dust samplers were also placed outside the cab in order to determine the dust abatement benefit offered by the enclosed cab. As an average, industrial operations reached a productivity of 25 Mg fresh chips per hour, whereas semi-industrial operations produced only one fifth of this quantity (i.e. 5 Mg/h). Assuming 1500 hours as the maximum annual usage, industrial operations offer an annual production in excess of 37.000 Mg, whereas semi-industrial operations barely exceed 7.000 Mg. Cost-wise, semi-industrial operations are preferable to industrial operations only if the annual production is below 3.000 Mg. Specific fuel consumption (L per Mg of chips) is much lower for industrial operations, compared to semi-industrial operations. Concerning exposure to wood dust, all the sampled operations were within the 5 mg/m3 legal limit. Exposure was higher in semi-industrial operations, with average and maximum values of 1,35 and 3,66 mg/m3, respectively. Exposure was lower in industrial operations, where the recorded average values were 0,90 and 0,20 mg/m3 outside and inside the cab, respectively. If future legislation will reduce the maximum allowed exposure to 1 mg/m3, then semi-industrial operators may need to renounce manual chipper feeding and bring their operators inside the cab of a boom loader.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Cerretani, Lorenzo <1976&gt. "Valutazione della qualità ed autenticità di prodotti oleari e lattiero caseari mediante metodi fisici di analisi accoppiati a tecniche statistiche multivariate." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5494/1/Cerretani_Lorenzo_Tesi_def3.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Questa tesi descrive alcuni studi di messa a punto di metodi di analisi fisici accoppiati con tecniche statistiche multivariate per valutare la qualità e l’autenticità di oli vegetali e prodotti caseari. L’applicazione di strumenti fisici permette di abbattere i costi ed i tempi necessari per le analisi classiche ed allo stesso tempo può fornire un insieme diverso di informazioni che possono riguardare tanto la qualità come l’autenticità di prodotti. Per il buon funzionamento di tali metodi è necessaria la costruzione di modelli statistici robusti che utilizzino set di dati correttamente raccolti e rappresentativi del campo di applicazione. In questo lavoro di tesi sono stati analizzati oli vegetali e alcune tipologie di formaggi (in particolare pecorini per due lavori di ricerca e Parmigiano-Reggiano per un altro). Sono stati utilizzati diversi strumenti di analisi (metodi fisici), in particolare la spettroscopia, l’analisi termica differenziale, il naso elettronico, oltre a metodiche separative tradizionali. I dati ottenuti dalle analisi sono stati trattati mediante diverse tecniche statistiche, soprattutto: minimi quadrati parziali; regressione lineare multipla ed analisi discriminante lineare.
The thesis describes some studies of setting-up of physical methods coupled with multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of the quality and authenticity of oil and dairy products. The application of physical techniques allows to reduce costs and time required for the classical analysis and at the same time may provide a different set of information which can relate to the quality as the authenticity of products. For the correct functioning of these methods it is necessary to build statistical models that use robust set of data collected and properly representative of the scope. In this thesis vegetable oils and some types of cheese were analyzed. In this thesis were used different analytical tools (physical methods), in particular spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, electronic nose, in addition to traditional chromatographic methods. The data obtained from the analysis were treated by different statistical techniques, especially: partial least squares modelling, multiple linear regression and linear discriminant analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Cerretani, Lorenzo <1976&gt. "Valutazione della qualità ed autenticità di prodotti oleari e lattiero caseari mediante metodi fisici di analisi accoppiati a tecniche statistiche multivariate." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5494/.

Full text

Abstract:

Questa tesi descrive alcuni studi di messa a punto di metodi di analisi fisici accoppiati con tecniche statistiche multivariate per valutare la qualità e l’autenticità di oli vegetali e prodotti caseari. L’applicazione di strumenti fisici permette di abbattere i costi ed i tempi necessari per le analisi classiche ed allo stesso tempo può fornire un insieme diverso di informazioni che possono riguardare tanto la qualità come l’autenticità di prodotti. Per il buon funzionamento di tali metodi è necessaria la costruzione di modelli statistici robusti che utilizzino set di dati correttamente raccolti e rappresentativi del campo di applicazione. In questo lavoro di tesi sono stati analizzati oli vegetali e alcune tipologie di formaggi (in particolare pecorini per due lavori di ricerca e Parmigiano-Reggiano per un altro). Sono stati utilizzati diversi strumenti di analisi (metodi fisici), in particolare la spettroscopia, l’analisi termica differenziale, il naso elettronico, oltre a metodiche separative tradizionali. I dati ottenuti dalle analisi sono stati trattati mediante diverse tecniche statistiche, soprattutto: minimi quadrati parziali; regressione lineare multipla ed analisi discriminante lineare.
The thesis describes some studies of setting-up of physical methods coupled with multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of the quality and authenticity of oil and dairy products. The application of physical techniques allows to reduce costs and time required for the classical analysis and at the same time may provide a different set of information which can relate to the quality as the authenticity of products. For the correct functioning of these methods it is necessary to build statistical models that use robust set of data collected and properly representative of the scope. In this thesis vegetable oils and some types of cheese were analyzed. In this thesis were used different analytical tools (physical methods), in particular spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, electronic nose, in addition to traditional chromatographic methods. The data obtained from the analysis were treated by different statistical techniques, especially: partial least squares modelling, multiple linear regression and linear discriminant analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Cuibus, Lucian <1982&gt. "Applications of infrared thermography in the food industry." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5559/1/Cuibus_Lucian_Tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

In the last 20-30 years, the implementation of new technologies from the research centres to the food industry process was very fast. The infrared thermography is a tool used in many fields, including agriculture and food science technology, because of it's important qualities like non-destructive method, it is fast, it is accurate, it is repeatable and economical. Almost all the industrial food processors have to use the thermal process to obtain an optimal product respecting the quality and safety standards. The control of temperature of food products during the production, transportation, storage and sales is an essential process in the food industry network. This tool can minimize the human error during the control of heat operation, and reduce the costs with personal. In this thesis the application of infrared thermography (IRT) was studies for different products that need a thermal process during the food processing. The background of thermography was presented, and also some of its applications in food industry, with the benefits and limits of applicability. The measurement of the temperature of the egg shell during the heat treatment in natural convection and with hot-air treatment was compared with the calculated temperatures obtained by a simplified finite element model made in the past. The complete process shown a good results between calculated and observed temperatures and we can say that this technique can be useful to control the heat treatments for decontamination of egg using the infrared thermography. Other important application of IRT was to determine the evolution of emissivity of potato raw during the freezing process and the control non-destructive control of this process. We can conclude that the IRT can represent a real option for the control of thermal process from the food industry, but more researches on various products are necessary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Cuibus, Lucian <1982&gt. "Applications of infrared thermography in the food industry." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5559/.

Full text

Abstract:

In the last 20-30 years, the implementation of new technologies from the research centres to the food industry process was very fast. The infrared thermography is a tool used in many fields, including agriculture and food science technology, because of it's important qualities like non-destructive method, it is fast, it is accurate, it is repeatable and economical. Almost all the industrial food processors have to use the thermal process to obtain an optimal product respecting the quality and safety standards. The control of temperature of food products during the production, transportation, storage and sales is an essential process in the food industry network. This tool can minimize the human error during the control of heat operation, and reduce the costs with personal. In this thesis the application of infrared thermography (IRT) was studies for different products that need a thermal process during the food processing. The background of thermography was presented, and also some of its applications in food industry, with the benefits and limits of applicability. The measurement of the temperature of the egg shell during the heat treatment in natural convection and with hot-air treatment was compared with the calculated temperatures obtained by a simplified finite element model made in the past. The complete process shown a good results between calculated and observed temperatures and we can say that this technique can be useful to control the heat treatments for decontamination of egg using the infrared thermography. Other important application of IRT was to determine the evolution of emissivity of potato raw during the freezing process and the control non-destructive control of this process. We can conclude that the IRT can represent a real option for the control of thermal process from the food industry, but more researches on various products are necessary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Badodi, Matteo <1981&gt. "Analisi dell’influenza dei moti rigidi di una trattrice agricola sulle vibrazioni a corpo intero trasmesse all’operatore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5571/1/badodi_matteo_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

L’esposizione degli operatori in campo agricolo alle vibrazioni trasmesse al corpo intero, produce effetti dannosi alla salute nel breve e nel lungo termine. Le vibrazioni che si generano sulle trattrici agricole hanno una elevata intensità e una bassa frequenza. Le componenti orizzontali, amplificate dalla posizione elevata della postazione di guida dall’asse di rollio, presentano maggiori criticità per quanto riguarda i sistemi di smorzamento rispetto alle componenti verticali. Queste caratteristiche rendono difficoltosa la progettazione dei sistemi dedicati alla riduzione del livello vibrazionale per questa categoria di macchine agricole. Nonostante l’installazione di diversi sistemi di smorzamento, il livello di vibrazioni a cui è sottoposto l’operatore può superare, in diverse condizioni di impiego, i livelli massimi imposti dalla legge per la salvaguardia della salute. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di valutare l’influenza dei moti rigidi di una trattrice (beccheggio, rollio e saltellamento) dotata di sospensione assale anteriore, sospensione cabina e sospensione sedile, sul livello vibrazionale trasmesso all’operatore.E’ stata pertanto strumenta una trattrice con accelerometri e inclinometri installati su telaio, cabina e sedile e utilizzata in diverse condizioni di lavoro in campo e di trasporto su strada. Dall’analisi delle prove effettuate emerge che durante il trasporto su strada è predominante l’accelerazione longitudinale, a causa dell’elevata influenza del beccheggio. La sospensione riduce notevolmente il moto rigido di beccheggio mentre l’effetto della sospensione della cabina è quello di incrementare, in ogni condizione di lavoro, il livello di accelerazione trasmesso dal telaio della macchina.
The vibrations transmitted to the driver are dangerous and can cause temporary or permanent injuries. Tractors are characterized by vibrations with high intensity and low frequency. The most critical directions are represented by the horizontal ones because of the high distance from the seat and the tractor rolling axis with respect to the vertical direction. That increase the difficulties in the design of solutions able to reduce the vibration transmitted to the driver. Despite the fitting of different damping systems, the level of vibration to which the operator is subjected, could be over the maximum levels defined into health safe law in different working conditions. The goal of this study is the evaluation of the influence of tractor rigid motions (pitch, roll and bounce) on the vibration level transmitted to the operator and their influence offront axle suspension, cab suspension and suspension seat. To reach this goal, devices as inclinometers and accelerometers were installed on a tractor chassis, cab and seat. The tractor in different working conditions as field and road transport was used. The analysis of the test data shows that the longitudinal acceleration is predominant during road transport, due to the influence of pitch motion. The front axle suspension greatly reduces the pitch while the cab suspension, increases the acceleration level transmitted from the machine frame in every working condition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Badodi, Matteo <1981&gt. "Analisi dell’influenza dei moti rigidi di una trattrice agricola sulle vibrazioni a corpo intero trasmesse all’operatore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5571/.

Full text

Abstract:

L’esposizione degli operatori in campo agricolo alle vibrazioni trasmesse al corpo intero, produce effetti dannosi alla salute nel breve e nel lungo termine. Le vibrazioni che si generano sulle trattrici agricole hanno una elevata intensità e una bassa frequenza. Le componenti orizzontali, amplificate dalla posizione elevata della postazione di guida dall’asse di rollio, presentano maggiori criticità per quanto riguarda i sistemi di smorzamento rispetto alle componenti verticali. Queste caratteristiche rendono difficoltosa la progettazione dei sistemi dedicati alla riduzione del livello vibrazionale per questa categoria di macchine agricole. Nonostante l’installazione di diversi sistemi di smorzamento, il livello di vibrazioni a cui è sottoposto l’operatore può superare, in diverse condizioni di impiego, i livelli massimi imposti dalla legge per la salvaguardia della salute. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di valutare l’influenza dei moti rigidi di una trattrice (beccheggio, rollio e saltellamento) dotata di sospensione assale anteriore, sospensione cabina e sospensione sedile, sul livello vibrazionale trasmesso all’operatore.E’ stata pertanto strumenta una trattrice con accelerometri e inclinometri installati su telaio, cabina e sedile e utilizzata in diverse condizioni di lavoro in campo e di trasporto su strada. Dall’analisi delle prove effettuate emerge che durante il trasporto su strada è predominante l’accelerazione longitudinale, a causa dell’elevata influenza del beccheggio. La sospensione riduce notevolmente il moto rigido di beccheggio mentre l’effetto della sospensione della cabina è quello di incrementare, in ogni condizione di lavoro, il livello di accelerazione trasmesso dal telaio della macchina.
The vibrations transmitted to the driver are dangerous and can cause temporary or permanent injuries. Tractors are characterized by vibrations with high intensity and low frequency. The most critical directions are represented by the horizontal ones because of the high distance from the seat and the tractor rolling axis with respect to the vertical direction. That increase the difficulties in the design of solutions able to reduce the vibration transmitted to the driver. Despite the fitting of different damping systems, the level of vibration to which the operator is subjected, could be over the maximum levels defined into health safe law in different working conditions. The goal of this study is the evaluation of the influence of tractor rigid motions (pitch, roll and bounce) on the vibration level transmitted to the operator and their influence offront axle suspension, cab suspension and suspension seat. To reach this goal, devices as inclinometers and accelerometers were installed on a tractor chassis, cab and seat. The tractor in different working conditions as field and road transport was used. The analysis of the test data shows that the longitudinal acceleration is predominant during road transport, due to the influence of pitch motion. The front axle suspension greatly reduces the pitch while the cab suspension, increases the acceleration level transmitted from the machine frame in every working condition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Noshy, Rafeek <1976&gt. "Optimization of bioenergy solutions at different farm scales." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5650/1/THESIS.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

RAF is a bio-energetic descriptive model integrates with MAD model to support Integrated Farm Management. RAF model aimed to enhancing economical, social and environmental sustainability of farm production in terms of energy via convert energy crops and animal manure to biogas and digestate (bio-fertilizers) by anaerobic digestion technologies, growing and breeding practices. The user defines farm structure in terms of present crops, livestock and market prices and RAF model investigates the possibilities of establish on-farm biogas system (different anaerobic digestion technologies proposed for different scales of farms in terms of energy requirements) according to budget and sustainability constraints to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The objective function of RAF (Z) is optimizing the total net income of farm (maximizing income and minimizing costs) for whole period which is considered by the analysis. The main results of this study refers to the possibility of enhancing the exploitation of the available Italian potentials of biogas production from on-farm production of energy crops and livestock manure feedstock by using the developed mathematical model RAF integrates with MAD to presents reliable reconcile between farm size, farm structure and on-farm biogas systems technologies applied to support selection, applying and operating of appropriate biogas technology at any farm under Italian conditions.
RAF è un modello descrittivo bio-energetico che si integra con il modello MAD per supportare la gestione integrata di un’azienda agricola. Il modello RAF è finalizzato alla valorizzazione economica, sostenibilità ambientale e sociale della produzione agricola in termini di energia tramite la conversione di colture energetiche e letame animale in biogas e digestato (bio-fertilizzanti) mediante tecnologie di digestione anaerobica, coltivazione e pratiche di allevamento. L'utente definisce la struttura della fattoria in termini delle presenti colture, bestiame e prezzi di mercato, e il modello RAF indaga le possibilità di installare il sistema di produzione di biogas in azienda (diverse tecnologie di digestione anaerobica sono proposte per diverse scale di aziende agricole in termini di fabbisogno energetico) secondo i vincoli di bilancio e sostenibilità per ridurre la dipendenza da combustibili fossili. La funzione obiettivo della RAF (Z) è ottimizzare il reddito complessivo netto dell'azienda (massimizzare il reddito e minimizzando i costi) per tutto il periodo considerato dall'analisi. I principali risultati di questo studio si riferiscono alla possibilità di migliorare lo sfruttamento delle potenzialità di produzione di biogas in azienda mediante la produzione di colture energetiche italiane disponibili e letame come materia prima, utilizzando il modello matematico sviluppato RAF che si integra con MAD per presentare un’affidabile equlibrio tra la dimensione dell’azienda agricola, la struttura della fattoria e tecnologie biogas di sistemi applicati in azienda per supportare la selezione, l’applicazione e il funzionamento della tecnologia biogas presso qualsiasi azienda italiana.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Noshy, Rafeek <1976&gt. "Optimization of bioenergy solutions at different farm scales." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5650/.

Full text

Abstract:

RAF is a bio-energetic descriptive model integrates with MAD model to support Integrated Farm Management. RAF model aimed to enhancing economical, social and environmental sustainability of farm production in terms of energy via convert energy crops and animal manure to biogas and digestate (bio-fertilizers) by anaerobic digestion technologies, growing and breeding practices. The user defines farm structure in terms of present crops, livestock and market prices and RAF model investigates the possibilities of establish on-farm biogas system (different anaerobic digestion technologies proposed for different scales of farms in terms of energy requirements) according to budget and sustainability constraints to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The objective function of RAF (Z) is optimizing the total net income of farm (maximizing income and minimizing costs) for whole period which is considered by the analysis. The main results of this study refers to the possibility of enhancing the exploitation of the available Italian potentials of biogas production from on-farm production of energy crops and livestock manure feedstock by using the developed mathematical model RAF integrates with MAD to presents reliable reconcile between farm size, farm structure and on-farm biogas systems technologies applied to support selection, applying and operating of appropriate biogas technology at any farm under Italian conditions.
RAF è un modello descrittivo bio-energetico che si integra con il modello MAD per supportare la gestione integrata di un’azienda agricola. Il modello RAF è finalizzato alla valorizzazione economica, sostenibilità ambientale e sociale della produzione agricola in termini di energia tramite la conversione di colture energetiche e letame animale in biogas e digestato (bio-fertilizzanti) mediante tecnologie di digestione anaerobica, coltivazione e pratiche di allevamento. L'utente definisce la struttura della fattoria in termini delle presenti colture, bestiame e prezzi di mercato, e il modello RAF indaga le possibilità di installare il sistema di produzione di biogas in azienda (diverse tecnologie di digestione anaerobica sono proposte per diverse scale di aziende agricole in termini di fabbisogno energetico) secondo i vincoli di bilancio e sostenibilità per ridurre la dipendenza da combustibili fossili. La funzione obiettivo della RAF (Z) è ottimizzare il reddito complessivo netto dell'azienda (massimizzare il reddito e minimizzando i costi) per tutto il periodo considerato dall'analisi. I principali risultati di questo studio si riferiscono alla possibilità di migliorare lo sfruttamento delle potenzialità di produzione di biogas in azienda mediante la produzione di colture energetiche italiane disponibili e letame come materia prima, utilizzando il modello matematico sviluppato RAF che si integra con MAD per presentare un’affidabile equlibrio tra la dimensione dell’azienda agricola, la struttura della fattoria e tecnologie biogas di sistemi applicati in azienda per supportare la selezione, l’applicazione e il funzionamento della tecnologia biogas presso qualsiasi azienda italiana.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Franceschetti, Bruno <1984&gt. "Evaluation of energy level to be absorbed by tractor ROPS: Actual Tests, Simulation and Computation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6625/1/franceschetti_bruno_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

A highly dangerous situations for tractor driver is the lateral rollover in operating conditions. Several accidents, involving tractor rollover, have indeed been encountered, requiring the design of a robust Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS). The aim of the thesis was to evaluate tractor behaviour in the rollover phase so as to calculate the energy absorbed by the ROPS to ensure driver safety. A Mathematical Model representing the behaviour of a generic tractor during a lateral rollover, with the possibility of modifying the geometry, the inertia of the tractor and the environmental boundary conditions, is proposed. The purpose is to define a method allowing the prediction of the elasto-plastic behaviour of the subsequent impacts occurring in the rollover phase. A tyre impact model capable of analysing the influence of the wheels on the energy to be absorbed by the ROPS has been also developed. Different tractor design parameters affecting the rollover behaviour, such as mass and dimensions, have been considered. This permitted the evaluation of their influence on the amount of energy to be absorbed by the ROPS. The mathematical model was designed and calibrated with respect to the results of actual lateral upset tests carried out on a narrow-track tractor. The dynamic behaviour of the tractor and the energy absorbed by the ROPS, obtained from the actual tests, showed to match the results of the model developed. The proposed approach represents a valuable tool in understanding the dynamics (kinetic energy) and kinematics (position, velocity, angular velocity, etc.) of the tractor in the phases of lateral rollover and the factors mainly affecting the event. The prediction of the amount of energy to be absorbed in some cases of accident is possible with good accuracy. It can then help in designing protective structures or active security devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Franceschetti, Bruno <1984&gt. "Evaluation of energy level to be absorbed by tractor ROPS: Actual Tests, Simulation and Computation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6625/.

Full text

Abstract:

A highly dangerous situations for tractor driver is the lateral rollover in operating conditions. Several accidents, involving tractor rollover, have indeed been encountered, requiring the design of a robust Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS). The aim of the thesis was to evaluate tractor behaviour in the rollover phase so as to calculate the energy absorbed by the ROPS to ensure driver safety. A Mathematical Model representing the behaviour of a generic tractor during a lateral rollover, with the possibility of modifying the geometry, the inertia of the tractor and the environmental boundary conditions, is proposed. The purpose is to define a method allowing the prediction of the elasto-plastic behaviour of the subsequent impacts occurring in the rollover phase. A tyre impact model capable of analysing the influence of the wheels on the energy to be absorbed by the ROPS has been also developed. Different tractor design parameters affecting the rollover behaviour, such as mass and dimensions, have been considered. This permitted the evaluation of their influence on the amount of energy to be absorbed by the ROPS. The mathematical model was designed and calibrated with respect to the results of actual lateral upset tests carried out on a narrow-track tractor. The dynamic behaviour of the tractor and the energy absorbed by the ROPS, obtained from the actual tests, showed to match the results of the model developed. The proposed approach represents a valuable tool in understanding the dynamics (kinetic energy) and kinematics (position, velocity, angular velocity, etc.) of the tractor in the phases of lateral rollover and the factors mainly affecting the event. The prediction of the amount of energy to be absorbed in some cases of accident is possible with good accuracy. It can then help in designing protective structures or active security devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Casazza, Camilla <1972&gt. "Risk analysis of tractor rollover in the normal operation in field." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6647/1/casazza_camilla_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Tractor rollover represent a primary cause of death or serious injury in agriculture and despite the mandatory Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS), that reduced the number of injuries, tractor accidents are still of great concern. Because of their versatility and wide use many studies on safety are concerned with the stability of tractors, but they often prefer controlled tests or laboratory tests. The evaluation of tractors working in field, instead, is a very complex issue because the rollover could be influenced by the interaction among operator, tractor and environment. Recent studies are oriented towards the evaluation of the actual working conditions developing prototypes for driver assistance and data acquisition. Currently these devices are produced and sold by manufacturers. A warning device was assessed in this study with the aim to evaluate its performance and to collect data on different variables influencing the dynamics of tractors in field by monitoring continuously the working conditions of tractors operating at the experimental farm of the Bologna University. The device consists of accelerometers, gyroscope, GSM/GPRS, GPS for geo-referencing and a transceiver for the automatic recognition of tractor-connected equipment. A microprocessor processes data and provides information, through a dedicated algorithm requiring data on the geometry of the tested tractor, on the level of risk for the operator in terms of probable loss of stability and suggests corrective measures to reduce the potential instability of the tractor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Casazza, Camilla <1972&gt. "Risk analysis of tractor rollover in the normal operation in field." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6647/.

Full text

Abstract:

Tractor rollover represent a primary cause of death or serious injury in agriculture and despite the mandatory Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS), that reduced the number of injuries, tractor accidents are still of great concern. Because of their versatility and wide use many studies on safety are concerned with the stability of tractors, but they often prefer controlled tests or laboratory tests. The evaluation of tractors working in field, instead, is a very complex issue because the rollover could be influenced by the interaction among operator, tractor and environment. Recent studies are oriented towards the evaluation of the actual working conditions developing prototypes for driver assistance and data acquisition. Currently these devices are produced and sold by manufacturers. A warning device was assessed in this study with the aim to evaluate its performance and to collect data on different variables influencing the dynamics of tractors in field by monitoring continuously the working conditions of tractors operating at the experimental farm of the Bologna University. The device consists of accelerometers, gyroscope, GSM/GPRS, GPS for geo-referencing and a transceiver for the automatic recognition of tractor-connected equipment. A microprocessor processes data and provides information, through a dedicated algorithm requiring data on the geometry of the tested tractor, on the level of risk for the operator in terms of probable loss of stability and suggests corrective measures to reduce the potential instability of the tractor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Iaccheri, Eleonora <1985&gt. "Electric techniques for the assessment of quality parameters of foodstuffs." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7167/1/Eleonora_Iaccheri_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

In food industry, quality assurance requires low cost methods for the rapid assessment of the parameters that affect product stability. Foodstuffs are complex in their structure, mainly composed by gaseous, liquid and solid phases which often coexist in the same product. Special attention is given to water, concerned as natural component of the major food product or as added ingredient of a production process. Particularly water is structurally present in the matrix and not completely available. In this way, water can be present in foodstuff in many different states: as water of crystallization, bound to protein or starch molecules, entrapped in biopolymer networks or adsorbed on solid surfaces of porous food particles. The traditional technique for the assessment of food quality give reliable information but are destructive, time consuming and unsuitable for on line application. The techniques proposed answer to the limited disposition of time and could be able to characterize the main compositional parameters. Dielectric interaction response is mainly related to water and could be useful not only to provide information on the total content but also on the degree of mobility of this ubiquitous molecule in different complex food matrix. In this way the proposal of this thesis is to answer at this need. Dielectric and electric tool can be used for the scope and led us to describe the complex food matrix and predict food characteristic. The thesis is structured in three main part, in the first one some theoretical tools are recalled to well assess the food parameter involved in the quality definition and the techniques able to reply at the problem emerged. The second part explains the research conducted and the experimental plans are illustrated in detail. Finally the last section is left for rapid method easily implementable in an industrial process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Iaccheri, Eleonora <1985&gt. "Electric techniques for the assessment of quality parameters of foodstuffs." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7167/.

Full text

Abstract:

In food industry, quality assurance requires low cost methods for the rapid assessment of the parameters that affect product stability. Foodstuffs are complex in their structure, mainly composed by gaseous, liquid and solid phases which often coexist in the same product. Special attention is given to water, concerned as natural component of the major food product or as added ingredient of a production process. Particularly water is structurally present in the matrix and not completely available. In this way, water can be present in foodstuff in many different states: as water of crystallization, bound to protein or starch molecules, entrapped in biopolymer networks or adsorbed on solid surfaces of porous food particles. The traditional technique for the assessment of food quality give reliable information but are destructive, time consuming and unsuitable for on line application. The techniques proposed answer to the limited disposition of time and could be able to characterize the main compositional parameters. Dielectric interaction response is mainly related to water and could be useful not only to provide information on the total content but also on the degree of mobility of this ubiquitous molecule in different complex food matrix. In this way the proposal of this thesis is to answer at this need. Dielectric and electric tool can be used for the scope and led us to describe the complex food matrix and predict food characteristic. The thesis is structured in three main part, in the first one some theoretical tools are recalled to well assess the food parameter involved in the quality definition and the techniques able to reply at the problem emerged. The second part explains the research conducted and the experimental plans are illustrated in detail. Finally the last section is left for rapid method easily implementable in an industrial process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Barca, Enrico Patrizio <1969&gt. "Meccanizzazione dei vigneti allevati a doppia cortina e a cordone libero." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7176/1/BARCA_ENRICO_PATRIZIO_TESI.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

La ricerca svolta ha voluto approfondire le possibilità offerte dai sistemi di allevamento dei vigneti a Doppia Cortina (GDC) e a Cordone Libero nei riguardi della meccanizzazione. La ricerca ha considerato gli interventi di potatura invernale, di gestione della chioma (spollonatura, cimatura, defogliazione e pettinatura della doppia cortina) e di vendemmia. Un’operazione particolarmente seguita è stata la potatura invernale realizzando differenti livelli di meccanizzazione. Tutti gli interventi sono stati eseguiti sia manualmente che meccanicamente, confrontando i tempi d’impiego, la qualità del lavoro svolto e gli impegni di manodopera. I risultati sono stati sintetizzati in una valutazione economica, ipotizzando differenti livelli di costo della manodopera impiegata, per ottenere giudizi di convenienza per i singoli interventi e per costruire una valutazione completa e più organica della linea di lavoro proposta. Nelle due forme d’allevamento la meccanizzazione della potatura invernale e della gestione della chioma hanno rispettato pienamente gli obbiettivi tecnici prefissati, dimostrando di essere un valido mezzo per ridurre tempi e costi di gestione. Per questi interventi l’acquisto delle macchine risulta conveniente anche per vigneti di piccola dimensione. Ancor più evidenti in queste due forme d’allevamento sono i vantaggi economici offerti dalla vendemmia meccanica, realizzata con pochi maltrattamenti e perdite di prodotto. La tendenza a meccanizzare integralmente gli interventi di gestione del ciclo colturale della vite, può essere nei prossimi anni un motivo di interesse e di scelta nella realizzazione di nuovi impianti con queste due forme di allevamento, che hanno dimostrato di essere un’espressione completa di sinergia tra macchina e pianta.
The research carried out has wanted to go into the possibility offered by the system of growing of double curtain vineyards (GDC) and in a free cordon referring to mechanization. The research has examined the operations of winter pruning, canopy management (removal of suckers, trimming, defoliation, and shoots positioning) and grape harvesting. The winter pruning was especially monitored through two different levels of mechanization. All the operations have been carried out, both manually and mechanically, comparing the times of working, the quality of the work effected and the engagement of manpower employed. The results have been synthesized under an economic valuation, supposing different levels of the cost of the employed manpower, in order to obtain to judge the suitability on the single interventions and to build a complete and more organic valuation of the proposed kind of work. In the two forms of growing, the mechanization of both the winter pruning and canopy management have respected completely the prefixed technical aims, showing to be a valid way in order both to reduce times and cost of management. For these interventions the purchase of machineries turns out to be suitable also for vineyards of small dimension. Even more evident in both these forms of growing are the economic advantages offered by the mechanized grape harvesting effected by few ill-treatments and wastes of product. The tendency to mechanize completely the interventions of management of the growing cycle of vineyards, can be in the next years both a reason of interest and of a choice in carrying out new installations with both these forms of growing that shown to be a complete expression of synergy between machinery and plant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Barca, Enrico Patrizio <1969&gt. "Meccanizzazione dei vigneti allevati a doppia cortina e a cordone libero." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7176/.

Full text

Abstract:

La ricerca svolta ha voluto approfondire le possibilità offerte dai sistemi di allevamento dei vigneti a Doppia Cortina (GDC) e a Cordone Libero nei riguardi della meccanizzazione. La ricerca ha considerato gli interventi di potatura invernale, di gestione della chioma (spollonatura, cimatura, defogliazione e pettinatura della doppia cortina) e di vendemmia. Un’operazione particolarmente seguita è stata la potatura invernale realizzando differenti livelli di meccanizzazione. Tutti gli interventi sono stati eseguiti sia manualmente che meccanicamente, confrontando i tempi d’impiego, la qualità del lavoro svolto e gli impegni di manodopera. I risultati sono stati sintetizzati in una valutazione economica, ipotizzando differenti livelli di costo della manodopera impiegata, per ottenere giudizi di convenienza per i singoli interventi e per costruire una valutazione completa e più organica della linea di lavoro proposta. Nelle due forme d’allevamento la meccanizzazione della potatura invernale e della gestione della chioma hanno rispettato pienamente gli obbiettivi tecnici prefissati, dimostrando di essere un valido mezzo per ridurre tempi e costi di gestione. Per questi interventi l’acquisto delle macchine risulta conveniente anche per vigneti di piccola dimensione. Ancor più evidenti in queste due forme d’allevamento sono i vantaggi economici offerti dalla vendemmia meccanica, realizzata con pochi maltrattamenti e perdite di prodotto. La tendenza a meccanizzare integralmente gli interventi di gestione del ciclo colturale della vite, può essere nei prossimi anni un motivo di interesse e di scelta nella realizzazione di nuovi impianti con queste due forme di allevamento, che hanno dimostrato di essere un’espressione completa di sinergia tra macchina e pianta.
The research carried out has wanted to go into the possibility offered by the system of growing of double curtain vineyards (GDC) and in a free cordon referring to mechanization. The research has examined the operations of winter pruning, canopy management (removal of suckers, trimming, defoliation, and shoots positioning) and grape harvesting. The winter pruning was especially monitored through two different levels of mechanization. All the operations have been carried out, both manually and mechanically, comparing the times of working, the quality of the work effected and the engagement of manpower employed. The results have been synthesized under an economic valuation, supposing different levels of the cost of the employed manpower, in order to obtain to judge the suitability on the single interventions and to build a complete and more organic valuation of the proposed kind of work. In the two forms of growing, the mechanization of both the winter pruning and canopy management have respected completely the prefixed technical aims, showing to be a valid way in order both to reduce times and cost of management. For these interventions the purchase of machineries turns out to be suitable also for vineyards of small dimension. Even more evident in both these forms of growing are the economic advantages offered by the mechanized grape harvesting effected by few ill-treatments and wastes of product. The tendency to mechanize completely the interventions of management of the growing cycle of vineyards, can be in the next years both a reason of interest and of a choice in carrying out new installations with both these forms of growing that shown to be a complete expression of synergy between machinery and plant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Malagnino, Remo Alessio <1986&gt. "Ottimizzazione di Sistemi Energetici nel Settore Agricolo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7464/1/tesi_PhD_remo_malagnino.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Come molti altri settori produttivi, anche l'agricoltura deve affrontare una crescente dipendenza energetica da elettricità, petrolio e gas naturale. Tuttavia, l'agricoltura può rispondere direttamente a tali richieste ricorrendo alle fonti di energia rinnovabili (FER), come il solare fotovoltaico (PV) e gli impianti biogas/biometano (BP). Questi sistemi sono stati fortemente incentivati in passato. Gli attuali sistemi d’incentivazione prevedono invece sussidi commisurati alle caratteristiche aziendali come stalle, fienili, disponibilità di biomasse, ecc. Per questi motivi, per quanto riguarda il settore FV, è necessario utilizzare modelli analitici affidabili per valutare l’orientamento e la tecnologia migliore, in particolare per generatori integrati architettonicamente. Per la produzione di biometano, gli impianti di piccole dimensioni risultano quelli maggiormente incentivati previa alimentazione con sottoprodotti agro-industriali. Tuttavia, le loro performance dipendono fortemente dalla tecnologia d’upgrading. Pertanto, le prospettive economiche offerte da questi sistemi RES sono legate alla scelta della tecnologia da impiegare e non più esclusivamente al semplice dimensionamento. Su questa base, l'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è stato lo sviluppo di strumenti di supporto decisionali (DSSS) per l'ottimizzazione energetica d’impianti FV e BP. Un primo studio si è focalizzato sull’analisi prestazionale per singolo componente e globale d’impianti FV installati in un’azienda agricola. Inoltre, una procedura analitica di ottimizzazione dei parametri d’impianto è stata definita per massimizzare il rendimento elettrico di un generatore integrato architettonicamente rispetto ad un’installazione a terra. Attraverso una serie d’informazioni tecnico-economiche di tecnologie di upgrading, un secondo studio è stato condotto con l'obiettivo di sviluppare un DSS per valutare la marginalità sul reddito aziendale data dall’installazione on-farm di un impianto BP collegato alla rete del gas naturale. I risultati dei due studi hanno dimostrato come questi DSS possono essere utili strumenti per valutare preventivamente le diverse potenzialità offerte da impianti FV e BP in base alle caratteristiche di un’azienda agricola.
Like many other productive sectors, even agriculture must tackle an increasing energy dependency on electricity, petroleum and natural gas. Nevertheless, agriculture can directly respond to such request thanks to renewable energy systems (RES) like solar photovoltaic (PV) and biogas/biomethane (BP) plants. These systems have been strongly incentivized in the past. On the contrary, current incentive schemes provide feed-in-tariffs proportionate to farming characteristics as stables, barns, biomass availability, etc. For this reason, as regards the PV sector, it is required to use reliable analytical models for assessing the best orientation and technology, in particular for architecturally integrated generators. For the biomethane production, small-medium plants have stronger incentives in particular using agro-food by-products as feed. However, their performances are strongly dependent on biomethane upgrading technology. Thus, the economic prospective offered by these RES systems are substantially tied to technology choice optimization and no longer solely in simple sizing. On this basis, the main goal of this work is to develop Decision Support Tools (DSSs) for energy optimization both for PV and BP plants. A first study was focused on the analysis of PV plants installed in the same farm. The aim is to examine the impact each plant component has on the PV generator global efficiency and define an analytical procedure for technical parameters optimization in order to maximize the electric yield of an architectonically integrated plant compared to a ground-mounted one. Based on the economic and efficiency features of a biomethane upgrading technology set, a second study was carried out with the aim to design a DSS to assess enterprise-wide profit margins resulting from the on-farm BP plant installation linked to the natural gas grid. The results of the two studies have shown how these DSSs can be useful tools for choosing PV and BP technologies based on farm characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Perozzi, Daniela <1986&gt. "Analisi statistica di parametri di utilizzo di trattrici agricole." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7629/1/Perozzi_Daniela_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Negli ultimi anni le continue esigenze di mercato hanno spinto gli agricoltori a richiedere trattrici sempre più evolute e altamente specializzate al fine di limitare i costi e massimizzare le rese produttive. Per questo motivo i progettisti hanno dovuto sviluppare delle metodologie per definire con precisione il profilo di utilizzo delle macchine, al fine di ridefinire i test per la validazione finale dei componenti delle trattrici. Uno dei componenti più costosi è la trasmissione, in quanto è costituita da diversi automatismi e pertanto, in questa tesi, è stato descritto un piano sperimentale atto all’acquisizione di dati da trattrici utilizzate da clienti, con l’obiettivo di monitorare l’utilizzo delle trasmissioni. In una prima analisi sono state identificate relazioni statistiche del diverso utilizzo delle trasmissioni delle trattrici in funzione dell’area geografica di vendita e della potenza massima del motore. Sono state poi stimate le distribuzioni ed i parametri del tempo di neutro, delle gamme e retromarce, al fine di integrare le limitazioni riscontrate dalle analisi di correlazione cliente sulle trattrici. E’ stato riscontrato che la vita lavorativa di una trattrice è caratterizzata dal utilizzo del neutro e della gamma media per oltre il 75%. Non sono state evidenziate differenze significative tra i valori del 5° percentile della distribuzione del Neutro per l’intero campione rispetto a quelli calcolati per i gruppi, i quali sono stati formati in funzione dei fattori area geografica e intervalli di potenza massima motore. La gamma media, oltre ad essere la gamma più utilizzata, risulta essere influenzata dai fattori presi in esame, in particolare per le trattrici di potenza pari a A kW.
In the lasts years, the continuous demands of agricultural market, have prompted farmers of having more advanced and highly specialized tractors. This in order to limit the costs and maximize the working yields. Designers have, for the previous reasons, developed methods on the definition of machine usage profile, in order to re-define the final validation tests of tractor components. Considering that the most expensive components is the transmission, because it is constituted by various automatic functions, in this thesis it has been described an experimental acquisition data plan from tractors used by customers, to monitor the transmissions. First of all, there were identified statistical relations of the different tractor’s transmissions usage considering sale geographical areas and the maximum engine power. Therefore, there have been estimated distributions and parameters for neutral time, ranges and reverse gears, to supplement the limitations of customers correlation analysis about tractors. It has been verified that the tractor’s life time is characterized by the usage of the neutral and intermediate range for more than 75%. No significant differences were found between the values of the 5° percentile of the neutral gear distribution for the entire sample, compared to those calculated for the groups. These groups were formed considering the geographical area and maximum engine power ranges factors. The intermediate range, besides being the most used, is influenced by the considered factors, in particular for tractors with A kW of maximum engine power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Perozzi, Daniela <1986&gt. "Analisi statistica di parametri di utilizzo di trattrici agricole." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7629/.

Full text

Abstract:

Negli ultimi anni le continue esigenze di mercato hanno spinto gli agricoltori a richiedere trattrici sempre più evolute e altamente specializzate al fine di limitare i costi e massimizzare le rese produttive. Per questo motivo i progettisti hanno dovuto sviluppare delle metodologie per definire con precisione il profilo di utilizzo delle macchine, al fine di ridefinire i test per la validazione finale dei componenti delle trattrici. Uno dei componenti più costosi è la trasmissione, in quanto è costituita da diversi automatismi e pertanto, in questa tesi, è stato descritto un piano sperimentale atto all’acquisizione di dati da trattrici utilizzate da clienti, con l’obiettivo di monitorare l’utilizzo delle trasmissioni. In una prima analisi sono state identificate relazioni statistiche del diverso utilizzo delle trasmissioni delle trattrici in funzione dell’area geografica di vendita e della potenza massima del motore. Sono state poi stimate le distribuzioni ed i parametri del tempo di neutro, delle gamme e retromarce, al fine di integrare le limitazioni riscontrate dalle analisi di correlazione cliente sulle trattrici. E’ stato riscontrato che la vita lavorativa di una trattrice è caratterizzata dal utilizzo del neutro e della gamma media per oltre il 75%. Non sono state evidenziate differenze significative tra i valori del 5° percentile della distribuzione del Neutro per l’intero campione rispetto a quelli calcolati per i gruppi, i quali sono stati formati in funzione dei fattori area geografica e intervalli di potenza massima motore. La gamma media, oltre ad essere la gamma più utilizzata, risulta essere influenzata dai fattori presi in esame, in particolare per le trattrici di potenza pari a A kW.
In the lasts years, the continuous demands of agricultural market, have prompted farmers of having more advanced and highly specialized tractors. This in order to limit the costs and maximize the working yields. Designers have, for the previous reasons, developed methods on the definition of machine usage profile, in order to re-define the final validation tests of tractor components. Considering that the most expensive components is the transmission, because it is constituted by various automatic functions, in this thesis it has been described an experimental acquisition data plan from tractors used by customers, to monitor the transmissions. First of all, there were identified statistical relations of the different tractor’s transmissions usage considering sale geographical areas and the maximum engine power. Therefore, there have been estimated distributions and parameters for neutral time, ranges and reverse gears, to supplement the limitations of customers correlation analysis about tractors. It has been verified that the tractor’s life time is characterized by the usage of the neutral and intermediate range for more than 75%. No significant differences were found between the values of the 5° percentile of the neutral gear distribution for the entire sample, compared to those calculated for the groups. These groups were formed considering the geographical area and maximum engine power ranges factors. The intermediate range, besides being the most used, is influenced by the considered factors, in particular for tractors with A kW of maximum engine power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

De, Giorgi Stefania <1987&gt. "Biotechnology for the Valorization of Dairy Industry By-Products: the Case of the Lactobionic Acid." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8159/1/De%20Giorgi_Stefania_tesi.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Biotechnology production of LactoBionic Acid (LBA) from Ricotta Cheese Whey (RCW) was investigated in order to valorize dairy industry promising by-product. Fermentations in 3L-StirredTankReactors, in batch conditions, allowed to reach production yields of 34.25 ± 2.86 g / L and 30.18 ± 0.3 g / L for LBA for two strains of Pseudomonas taetrolens (LMG2336 and DSM21104 respectively) with conversion yields around 85%, after 48 hours. Furthermore fed-batch configurations have allowed to reach values of about 60 g / L of ALB, providing interesting perspectives for the development of a continuous process. It was also evaluated the possibility to use matrices obtained following procedures of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration of the RCW, aimed at the separation of proteins and bioactive peptides, obtaining similar results, but promising in view of the setup of a concept point of integrated biorefinery for the development of the dairy industry by-products. Finally a preliminary approach to the downstream recovery and purifies LBA produced by the fermentation process, using ceramic membranes (suitable for food applications) in different pH conditions has allowed us to achieve a 32% recovery at pH 9. Even this, it is very promising in view of a continuous process of production and purification of LBA in order to cut cost

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Carnevale, Erika <1987&gt. "Technical and Economic Analysis of Used Cooking Oils in Bioenergy System: Comparative Case Studies." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8177/1/PhD%20Thesis%20Erika%20Carnevale%20.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Used cooking oil (UCO) can be considered either a waste product with negative effects on the environment or a resource if contributing to energy production. This thesis investigates the technical feasibility of integrating UCO into two bioenergy systems: anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas production and transesterification process for biodiesel production. A comparative analysis of the case studies of Emilia Romagna and Missouri was conducted to develop alternative scenarios for the reuse and valorization of UCO and to identify potential policy interventions to stimulate its integration in bioenergy systems. The work demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility of the substitution of energy crops with UCO with particular emphasis on the potential implications on land use. Moreover, results suggest that the introduction of UCO in the feeding mix could lead to significant land saving. The use of UCO would allow to maintain a stable production of energy along the year, to mitigate the environmental impact, and to ensure economic benefits for farmers. Although the substitution of ECs with UCO is technically feasible and economically viable, in both Countries a major constraint is represented by the current legislative framework that limits the collection and the utilization of UCO for anaerobic digestion. Policy interventions should be aimed at removing the barriers that currently limit UCO collection and reuse in bioenergy systems. They should focus also on the creation of public-private relationship aimed at facilitating UCO collection and disposal and on awareness rising to inform food chain stakeholders about the economic and environmental benefits of the integration of UCO in bioenergy systems. Finally, the comparative analysis pose a question on the definition and on the sustainability of the concept of short supply chain that should be addressed by taking into consideration logistical and geographical barriers, and the availability of local resources

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AGR/09 Meccanica agraria'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles