Academic literature on the topic 'Agrarian association'
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Journal articles on the topic "Agrarian association"
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Gummadi, Sridevi, Amalendu Jyotishi, and G Jagadeesh. "Juxtaposing Farmers’ Suicides and Climate Change Vulnerability: An Empirical Analysis of Indian States." Space and Culture, India 9, no. 1 (2021): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v9i1.1113.
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India’s overall ranking on the Global Climate Risk Index has been deteriorating in recent years, making it more vulnerable to climate risks. It has been indicated in the literature that climate change is also associated with agrarian distress. However, empirical analyses are scanty on this, especially in the Indian context. In this analytical exercise, we tried to explore the association between farmers’ suicides and climate change vulnerability across Indian states. Using data from various sources, we arrive at an Agrarian Vulnerability Index and juxtaposed that with farmers’ suicide data between 1996 to 2015 collected from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). We noted a strong association between climate change vulnerability and farmers’ suicides. The essence of this analysis is to indicate and understand the broad trends and associations. This research, in the process, informs and presses for a systematic, more comprehensive study with an agenda at micro and meso levels to understand the nuances of this association.
 Submitted: 01 November 2020; Revised: 11 January 2021; Accepted: 29 April 2021
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Nechaeva, O. M. "YOUTH AGRARIAN ASSOCIATION: PROBLEM OF ITS ESSENCE AND PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 5, no. 86 (2018): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2018-5-86-19.
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Rigg, Jonathan. "The new rice technology and agrarian change: guilt by association?" Progress in Human Geography 13, no. 3 (1989): 374–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258901300303.
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Scott, James C. "Book review: Neeladri Bhattacharya, The Great Agrarian Conquest: The Colonial Reshaping of a Rural World." Studies in History 36, no. 1 (2020): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913142.
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MOLNAR, O.S., A.O. KONONCHUK, and M.S. RATUSHNYAK. "Methodological approaches to typologizing of subjects of tourist business in agrarian sphere." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №12(223)2019 121 (January 30, 2020): 59–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3631573.
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The subject of the study is the methodological approaches to the management of tourist business activity in the agricultural sphere. The purpose of the study is to determine methodological approaches to typologizing the entities of entrepreneurship in the field of rural agrarian tourism. Research methods. The dialectical method of scientific knowledge, method of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, method of generalization of data are used in the work. Results of work. The article describes three groups of association for the entities of entrepreneurship in the field of rural agrarian tourism. Voluntary categorization named «Ukrainian guest house» and system of ecological marking of the farmstead with the sign «Green farmstead» are allocated. The classification of entrepreneurial strategies of agrarian business entities is given. Conclusions. The results of the study were the following conclusions. Approach to typologizing of entities of entrepreneurship in the field of rural agrarian tourism is outlined, depending on the strategy of carrying out different activities within a single entity. Three types of business entities in the field of rural agrarian tourism are identified by the structure of income from agricultural and tourist activities.
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Reshytko, Tetiana. "Convergence Directions of the State Agrarian Policy of Ukraine with the Common Agrarian Policy of the European Union." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 9(42) (2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2023.9(42).33-38.
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The article examines that Ukraine aspires to become a full-fledged and active participant in global economic processes. This is confirmed by the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and the future membership in the EU, where cooperation in the agricultural sector of the economy and the development of rural areas is given an important place. It was determined that for Ukraine European integration is a factor of ensuring success in economic, social, environmental and other spheres of cooperation and in the world environment. It has been proven that for successful European integration, our state needs to ensure the implementation of a number of institutional measures, in particular in matters of policies and legislation convergence. The convergence directions of the state agrarian policy of Ukraine with the Common Agrarian Policy of the European Union are outlined. Measures for the effective development of the Ukrainian agricultural sector integration to the conditions of the European Union are substantiated. There has been proven the expediency of preparing and consolidating the updated state agrarian policy of Ukraine with the aim of converging with the relevant law and regulatory mechanisms of the European Union, as well as improving the state management system of the agrarian sector of the economy and the interconnected development of rural areas. The directions for improving the state agrarian policy, taking into account European integration processes, are outlined.
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Костирко, Лідія Андріївна, та Тетяна Василівна Соломатіна. "ФІНАНСОВИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ КРЕДИТНИХ СПІЛОК У СИСТЕМІ РОЗВИТКУ МАЛИХ ФОРМ АГРОБІЗНЕСУ". TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, № 1 (5 травня 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2020.1.08.
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Formulation of problem. The article is focused on the analysis of trends of development of credit unions and the basis for scientific and practical recommendations regarding increasing the financial potential of credit unions in system of development of small forms of agrarian business. The aim of research is the development of theoretical aspects and practical recommendations regarding increasing the financial potential of credit unions in system of development of small forms of governance in agrarian area. The object of the research is the financial potential of credit unions. Methods, used in research: generalization, comparison, logical and informative, scientific knowledge, induction, analysis. The hypothesis of the research: analytical evaluation of development trends of credit unions for identification of the feasibility of fund-raising for small forms agrarian business. The statement of basic materials. The dynamics of quantity of credit unions, the number of persons included by them, the amount of capital, loan and deposit portfolio, risks of activity is analysed as a whole and in the frames of all -Ukrainian association. The critical estimation of le gal status and prudential regulation is provided, their influence on the disclosure of financial potential of credit unions and their advantages for small forms of agrarian business as representation in regions with developed agricultural production, territorial accessibility, the opportunity of to give modest amouts of credit sums for a long term for household plots and farms is determined. The originality and practical significance of the research is the development of recommendations regarding support for small forms of governance in agrarian area by credit unions. Conclusions and perspectives of further researches. Credit unions (CU) have significant competitive advantages over banks at the level of consumer loans and credit for rural commodity producers. Therefore, free fund-raising of credit unions will play an important role in the development of small forms of governance in agrarian area.
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Smolynets, I. "Ways of improvement of development of separate organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship activity in the agricultural sector." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 92 (2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9210.
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One of the most important directions in this context is the problems of organizational and legal forms of development of entrepreneurial activity in agriculture. Effective development of entrepreneurial activity in agriculture is hindered by poor adaptation to market conditions and low investment attractiveness of agrarian production and economic formations, unsystematic and dispersed revenues for modernization of production activities, insufficient state support, imperfection of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing the development of various organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurial activity activities in the agrarian sector. In the historical aspect of the development of entrepreneurial activity there are the following forms: private farms, individual holdings, households, peasant farms, private and state agricultural enterprises, collective farms, in particular peasant unions, agricultural companies, inter-farm enterprises and associations, of various kinds and types societies that are divided in form of association and level of responsibility. The most important of these, which have become accustomed and function in agriculture, are agricultural enterprises, in particular private ones, and households. However, today the state of development of entrepreneurial activity in the agroindustrial complex remains rather complicated and requires complex comprehensive reforms, the main role of which should be owned by the state. That is why among the objects of state regulation a special place should occupy the agrarian sector of the economy and the forms of entrepreneurial activity, in particular the agrarian market and the formation of its infrastructure, which is conditioned by the state regulation. The main problems of the agrarian sector development include the low efficiency of agricultural production and the problem of deformation of price proportions, the solution of which is directly related to the perfection of the infrastructure and mechanisms for regulating the agricultural market. The process of establishing enterprises on the basis of co-operation and their integration with processing enterprises will reflect the interests of agricultural producers and promote their stable and efficient development. The most effective form of co-operation is production, sales and service cooperatives, created on the basis of cooperation of shares and natural forage lands, fixed assets, livestock of animals that unite agricultural producers, households, purchasers, enterprises of the processing industry, various catering enterprises, institutions and organizations. Co-operation, by its very nature, is an economic and voluntary phenomenon. Integration is the next stage of effective economic forms of cooperation among the participants in the agrarian market.
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Mediano Serrano, Lucía. "A specific case in tourism marketing: Rural tourism in the Basque Country." Cuadernos de Gestión 1, no. 2 (2001): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5295/cdg.19231lm.
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Rural tourism in the Basque Country, which began in 1988, is a way of tourism developed in the rural environment. It develops in agrarian exploitations, and it's leaded by farmers, who combine their traditional activity with giving another services. Marketing application in this kind of tourism has been very limited, and it's been directed by Autonomic Administration. Since 1999, the Basque Association of Agrarian Tourism Exploitations Owners, «Nekazalturismoa», has the challenge of impulsing this activity, in which, the consumer orientation has the priority in order to be competitive. All of that must be done respecting the social, cultural and economic environment. Also, to reach this objective, all the participants, both public and private institutions, have to work together in marketing and management subjects.
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Studinski, Volodymyr, and Kateryna Romanchuk. "Problematic aspects of euro integration process of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex." University Economic Bulletin, no. 39 (December 21, 2018): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-39-113-121.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the main advantages and risks for domestic agricultural producers in the process of integration into European space and to assess their impact on the development of the domestic agricultural sector. The proposed article analyzes the prospects and risks of integration of domestic agricultural enterprises into world economy. Special attention is focused on the export and import of agricultural products and the achievement of Ukraine in the field of agro-industrial complex. An estimation of foreign economic activity of agrarian enterprises of Ukraine is conducted. The implications of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU for various sectors of the economy of Ukraine, and most especially for the agrarian sector, are assessed and analyzed. The potential benefits of signing the Comprehensive Free Trade Area Agreement for the development of the agrarian sector have been explored. Perspectives are considered and risks of European integration for agrarian enterprises and development of rural territories are analyzed. It is established that European integration for Ukraine is a way to modernize the domestic agricultural production, attract foreign investments and new technologies, increase the competitiveness of products, obtain financial resources for the development of the economy. Conclusions. Thus, the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex has a serious economic potential which allows it to be in a positive dynamics and has good prospects of integration into the European space. At the same time, this process should fit into the overall context of reforms and sectoral changes in Ukraine's economy. Alongside with it, the state plays an important role in the regulatory processes of managing the economy in general and the agrarian sector in particular.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agrarian association"
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SIQUEIRA, Roberta Cristina de Morais. "Instrumentos jurídicos para a organização das atividades agrárias da comunidade kalunga do engenho II." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1496.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-06<br>The research that follows discusses the way in which agrarian economic activities are organized in the community Kalunga of Engenho II, a collectivity of people living in the northeastern of Goiás state and has quilombola ancestry. It started from the assumption that the Association Kalunga of Cavalcante is a suitable instrument for economic and social development of the people and that impedes their progress does not relate to this organizational form, but an entire social structure that comes from the neo-liberal capitalism. Was used as a theoretical-methodological proposal to analyze and characterize the community through the established legal order in conflict with the law as an instrument of empowerment of local communities and social movements. To reach the proposed objective, we seek the theoretical reflections of the jurist and sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos, who proposes a reinvention of the right, using it as an instrument of transforming society through the action of social groups, and many other authors of reference, which are scattered throughout the body of research.<br>A pesquisa que se segue pretende discutir a forma com a qual se organizam as atividades econômicas agrárias da comunidade Kalunga do Engenho II, uma coletividade de pessoas residentes no nordeste do Estado de Goiás e que tem descendência quilombola. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a Associação Kalunga de Cavalcante é um instrumento adequado ao desenvolvimento econômico e social daquele povo e o que impede seu progresso não se relaciona a esta forma organizacional, mas a toda uma estrutura social advinda do capitalismo neoliberal. Utilizou-se como proposta teórico-metodológica a análise e caracterização da comunidade através da ordem jurídica estabelecida em confronto com o direito enquanto instrumento de emancipação das comunidades locais e dos movimentos sociais. Para se chegar ao objetivo proposto, buscamos as reflexões teóricas do jurista e sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos que propõe uma reinvenção do direito, utilizando-o como instrumento de transformação da sociedade, através da ação dos grupos sociais, além de vários outros autores de referência, que estão espalhados pelo corpo da pesquisa.
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Dugo, Tesfaye Letta <1976>. "Association mapping of stem rust resistance in durum wheat at the seedling and adult plant stages." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5935/1/Dugo_Tesfaye_tesi.pdf.
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In wheat, stem rust is known to rapidly evolve new virulence to resistance genes. While more than 50 stem rust resistance (Sr) loci have been identified in wheat, only a few remain effective, particularly against the highly virulent race Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races. An association mapping (AM) study based on 183 durum wheat accessions was utilized to identify resistance loci for stem rust response in Ethiopia over four seasons and artificial inoculation with Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races under field conditions as well as in greenhouse test at seedling stage under controlled conditions for resistance to four highly virulent stem rust races: TRTTF, TTTTF, (TTKSK (Ug99) and JRCQC. The panel was profiled with 1,253 SSR and DArT markers. Twelve QTL-tagging markers were significant (P < 0.05) across three to four seasons. The role of Sr13, Sr9, Sr14, Sr17, and Sr28 was confirmed. Thirteen significant markers were in regions with no Sr genes/QTLs.
The results under controlled conditions showed that 15, 20, 19 and 19 chromosome regions harbored markers that showed significant effects for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. These genomic regions showed marker R2 values ranging from 1.13 to 8.34, 1.92 to 17.64, 1.75 to 23.12 and 1.51 to 15.33% for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. The study demonstrates that stem rust resistance in durum wheat is governed in part by shared loci and in part by race-specific ones. The QTLs identified in this study through AM will be useful in the marker-assisted development of durum wheat cultivars with durable stem rust resistance.
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Dugo, Tesfaye Letta <1976>. "Association mapping of stem rust resistance in durum wheat at the seedling and adult plant stages." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5935/.
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In wheat, stem rust is known to rapidly evolve new virulence to resistance genes. While more than 50 stem rust resistance (Sr) loci have been identified in wheat, only a few remain effective, particularly against the highly virulent race Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races. An association mapping (AM) study based on 183 durum wheat accessions was utilized to identify resistance loci for stem rust response in Ethiopia over four seasons and artificial inoculation with Ug99 (TTKSK race) and a mixture of durum-specific races under field conditions as well as in greenhouse test at seedling stage under controlled conditions for resistance to four highly virulent stem rust races: TRTTF, TTTTF, (TTKSK (Ug99) and JRCQC. The panel was profiled with 1,253 SSR and DArT markers. Twelve QTL-tagging markers were significant (P < 0.05) across three to four seasons. The role of Sr13, Sr9, Sr14, Sr17, and Sr28 was confirmed. Thirteen significant markers were in regions with no Sr genes/QTLs.
The results under controlled conditions showed that 15, 20, 19 and 19 chromosome regions harbored markers that showed significant effects for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. These genomic regions showed marker R2 values ranging from 1.13 to 8.34, 1.92 to 17.64, 1.75 to 23.12 and 1.51 to 15.33% for races TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKSK and JRCQC, respectively. The study demonstrates that stem rust resistance in durum wheat is governed in part by shared loci and in part by race-specific ones. The QTLs identified in this study through AM will be useful in the marker-assisted development of durum wheat cultivars with durable stem rust resistance.
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Diniz, Daniele Botelho. "Genome-wide association study for sperm motility in pigs." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4793.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>A qualidade do sêmen de reprodutores suínos pode ser avaliada de acordo com vários critérios, sendo a motilidade espermática o mais utilizado e importante. A motilidade, essencial para a fertilização, refere-se ao movimento retilíneo dos espermatozóides. Apesar da importância da avaliação de características de qualidade do sêmen de reprodutores, tradicionalmente estes animais têm sido selecionados com ênfase em características de carcaça e crescimento, com pouca atenção dispensada à sua capacidade reprodutiva. Devido ao fato de características seminais poderem ser avaliadas nos reprodutores somente após a puberdade, técnicas moleculares e genotipagem dos animais utilizando chips de alta densidade de marcadores SNPs poderiam ser utilizados como ferramentas para avaliar e melhorar a seleção para fertilidade e qualidade de sêmen em reprodutores suínos em uma idade jovem. O estudo de associação genômica ampla (GWAS) requer o conhecimento de uma associação entre um marcador genético e alguma variação no fenótipo e assume que associação significativa pode ser detectada porque os SNPs estão em desequilíbrio de ligação (LD) com as mutações causais para as características de interesse, a nível de população. Assim, este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de identificar, através do GWAS, marcadores SNPs e genes candidatos relacionados com motilidade espermática em duas diferentes linhas de suínos. Os dados fenotípicos são provenientes de avaliações repetidas de motilidade de espermatozóides logo após a coleta do sêmen através do método denominado CASA (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis). Animais de duas linhas (linha 1, n=760 animais da raça Landrace e linha 2, n=645 animais da raça Large White) foram fenotipados para a construção do arquivo de dados, que possui 32884 observações para a linha 1 e 32576 para a linha 2. Um total de 1507 animais da linha 1 e 1383 animais da linha 2 foram genotipados com o uso do chip de 60K da Illumina®. Os valores genéticos dos animais foram estimados utilizando o programa ASREML e os valores genéticos desregressados foram calculados para serem utilizados no GWAS. Após o controle de qualidade, 42551 SNPs e 602 animais genotipados (linha 1) e 40890 SNPs e 525 animais genotipados (linha 2) foram utilizados no GWAS. SNPs que possuíram q-valores baseados na taxa de falsos descobertos (FDR) menores ou iguais a 0.05 foram considerados significativos. Para a linha 1 não foram encontrados SNPs significativos relacionados com motilidade. Já para a linha 2, seis SNPs localizados no cromossomo 1 (SSC1) foram significativamente relacionados com a característica estudada. Essa diferença pode ser explicada pela baixa correlação (r = 0.0926) entre os valores de LD entre marcadores calculados para as duas linhas na região que abrange os seis SNPs significativos. O alto valor médio de r2 (r2 = 0.7275), calculado para medir o LD entre os seis SNPs significativos para a linha 2, revela que todos esses SNPs podem estar ligados a um mesmo QTL. O gene metionil-tRNA formiltransferase mitocondrial (MTFMT) é um possível gene candidato controlando a característica. Esse estudo fornece marcadores SNPs e um gene candidato associados com motilidade espermática em suínos. No entanto, por ser o primeiro trabalho a encontrar tais marcadores relacionados com motilidade espermática em suínos em uma nova região do SSC1, é necessária replicação e validação do estudo em outra população para confirmação dos resultados encontrados a fim de incluir tais informações na seleção de melhores animais.<br>The boar semen quality can be evaluated according to several parameters. Sperm motility is the most widely used and important test. Sperm motility, essential for fertility, is measured as the proportion of sperm cells with a straightforward movement. Despite its importance, traditionally boar selection has been done based on growth rate and carcass traits and little attention has been given on their semen quantity and quality. Because reproductive traits and sperm quality traits can only be measured on boars after puberty, molecular techniques and animal genotyping using chips with high density of SNP markers could be used to evaluate and improve selection on boar fertility at a young age. The Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) requires knowledge of an association of a genetic marker with some variation in phenotype and it assumes that significant association can be detected because the SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the causative mutations for the traits of interest at the population level. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of performing a GWAS in order to find markers and candidate genes in the pig genome associated with sperm motility in two different pig lines. The phenotypic data consisted of repeated records of fresh sperm motility evaluated with CASA (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis), obtained from two pure dam lines: a Landrace based line (line 1), n=760 animals and a Large White based line (line 2), n=645. The phenotypic database had in total 32,884 observations for line 1 and 32,576 observations for line 2, with 43.27 ± 36.81 observations per animal for line 1 and 50.51 ± 39.15 observations per animal for line 2. The PorcineSNP60 Beadchip of Illumina (San Diego, CA, USA, Ramos et al., 2009) was used to identify the association between sperm motility and the SNP markers. After quality control, a total of 42,551 SNPs and 602 genotyped animals (line 1) and 40,890 SNPs and 525 animals (line 2) were used in the association analyses. A False Discovery Rate based q-value of 0.05 was used as threshold for significant association. Six SNPs on pig chromosome 1 (SSC1) were significantly associated with the trait in line 2, whereas no SNPs were considered significantly associated with the trait in line 1. This difference can be explained by the low correlation (r = 0.0926) between the LD measurements (r2) between markers located in the region covering the six significant SNPs for line 2, calculated for both lines. The high average value of r2 (r2 = 0.7275), calculated to measure the LD between the six significant SNPs for line 2 reveals that all these SNPs may be linked to one QTL. The mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTFMT) is a possible candidate gene affecting sperm motility on SSC1. This study provides some SNPs markers and a candidate gene associated with the trait of interest in a novel region on SSC1. However, replication, validation in another population and confirmation of published QTL or candidate genes related to boar sperm motility in the same region that we found in this study is necessary before using such information in selection.
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LINGE, C. DA SILVA. "FRUIT WEIGHT IN PEACH: ASSESSING THE GENETIC POTENTIAL THROUGH PHENOTYPIC AND GENOMIC TOLLS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/203362.
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The trait fruit weight is of great agronomic importance for the commercial production of peach. In view of conducting a study of association mapping, the genetic diversity of peach accessions from the germplasm bank of MAS.PES was evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR). The results indicated that SSR markers were more informative and showed a high level of homozygosity in the accessions under evaluation. In studies meant for breeding of this species, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining the phenotypic differences of this trait is important, because they can be used as a genomic tool in marker-assisted selection (MAS). In the present study, QTLs were detected through two approaches: 1. Linkage analysis, starting from a F2 population of 123 individuals from NJ Weeping (small fruit) x Bounty (large fruit), in which the software JoinMap was used to establish the relationship of linkage between the segregating markers, while the software MapQTL was employed to associate the data with the obtained phenotypic linkage map. 2. Association mapping, carried out on 70 peach accessions from the MAS.PES germplasm collection, in which the software Structure was used to analyse population structure: associations between markers and phenotypic traits were identified with the software TASSEL. As a result of linkage analysis, 877 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were grouped into 8 linkage groups and 34 QTLs related to fruit weight and size were identified. The results of the association analysis, performed using the General Linear Model (GLM), suggested the existence of 39 markers associated with fruit weight and size.
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ELBADRY, N. MOHAMMED MOHAMMED. "ASSOCIATION GENETICS APPROACHES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED TO BARLEY AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN A MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215689.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the four most economically important cereal crops worldwide. It serves as a major animal feed crop, with smaller amounts used for malting and in health food. Among environmental factors influencing barley production, drought is recognized as the most common in the Mediterranean area and this problem is expected to worsen with on-going climate changes. Breeding for drought resistance is therefore an important objective to ensure stable crop yields. In this context, genetic and molecular dissection of drought tolerance is expected to lead to the identification of key genes/loci and favourable alleles through exploration of biodiversity.
Association genetics focuses on the identification of links between phenotypic traits and genetic markers with the aim to identify QTLs and locate the underlying genes in the genome. In general, different barley genotypes are expected to carry different loci at genomic regions of interest. The probability of chromosomal recombination between two loci is proportional to the physical distance between those loci.
General objective of this project was the identification of loci subtending major agronomic traits under different water regimes, using an association genetics approach. To this end, we considered a phenotypic panel consisting of 83 barley cultivars representing European diversity for drought tolerance. This germplasm collection included 2 and 6 rows winter and spring barleys, that were previously evaluated for plant height, flowering time and yield under irrigated and rainfed conditions over three successive years (Rizza et al., 2004). At the beginning of this project, an initial objective was to evaluate the potential association between allelic variants of candidate genes (CGs) selected for their known roles in drought responses and phenotypic variation for barley grain yield under different watering regimes. Thus, we re-sequenced an initial set of 3 CGs -HvCbf2, HvCbf4a and HvCbf7- and we identified 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of HvCbf4a. In parallel, we tried to assess the genetic diversity and structure of our barley panel by utilizing the low cost molecular marker approach of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). Incorporation of structure information in association analysis is important to prevent recovery of false associations. However, when we run structure analyses using our AFLP data, we failed to recover the classical barley subdivisions reported in the literature indicating that these markers may not be reliable for our purposes. For this reason and considering the limited chances of detecting association with few CGs, we took advantage of the recently established iSELECT Infinium® Illumina 9k SNP platform (Comadran et al., 2012) to carry out a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) on our barley panel. Filtering out the monomorphic and failed-genotyped markers resulted in the identification of a total of 4,661 SNPs distributed over the 7 barley chromosomes. Population stratification was investigated with a subset of 260 SNPs selected as highly informative using admixture model implemented in Structure software. Accordingly, three main subgroups were identified corresponding to winter-2rows, winter-6rows and spring-2rows barleys, respectively. Association between barley genotypic data and flowering date (FD) was processed using general linear model and afterward compared with mixed linear model.
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) controlling grain yield (GY), flowering date (FD), and plant height (PH) were identified using the general linear model. Our results provide a starting point for the identification of potentially useful genes and markers for future applications in barley breeding schemes.
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Pedrosa, Aline Rodrigues Pôrto. "Experience with the association of volatiles with food does not affect response in three insect predators." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3965.
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-30<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Predadores e parasitóides de artrópodes herbívoros utilizam vários odores durante a busca por presas, tal como feromônios sexuais e de agregação de suas vítimas, assim como voláteis de plantas cuja produção é induzida pela herbivoria. Insetos são capazes de detectar uma vasta gama de compostos orgânicos voláteis e as misturas são percebidas diferentemente da compilação dos compostos individuais. Predadores têm que lidar com uma variedade de misturas de voláteis associados as suas presas, pois as misturas de voláteis variam em sua composição dentre as espécies de plantas hospedeiras e de herbívoros. Como predadores generalistas enfrentam uma grande variação nas pistas voláteis associadas à presença de presa e a disponibilidade de presas pode variar durante a vida dos predadores, é improvável que predadores possuam uma resposta inata para todas as misturas de voláteis. Aprender a associar diferentes misturas de odores com a ocorrência de presas pode reduzir o tempo e a energia despendidos na busca por presas adequadas. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a capacidade de aprendizado olfativo de predadores. Foi investigado se a resposta de Podisus nigrispinus, Cycloneda sanguinea e larvas de Ceraeochrysa cubana; a uma mistura de voláteis, inicialmente desconhecida por eles, aumentava após a experiência prévia com essa mistura de voláteis associada à disponibilidade de alimento. O estímulo condicionado (mistura de voláteis) e o estímulo não-condicionado (alimento) foram pareados ou diariamente ou continuamente. A resposta dos predadores aos voláteis do óleo de menta ou do ar limpo foi testada em um olfatômetro de tubo-Y. Ceraeochrysa cubana foi repelido pelos voláteis do óleo de menta quando entrou em contato com essa mistura previamente. No entanto, os odores do óleo de menta não foram nem atrativos nem repelentes para C. cubana, C. sanguinea e P. nigrispinus após treinamentos contínuos. Escolhas sequenciais, com reforços após cada teste, não modificaram a resposta dos predadores. Os resultados sugerem que nenhum dos predadores testados mudou sua resposta a voláteis do óleo de menta após experiência com essa mistura e ovos de Diatraea saccharalis durante os três dias de treinamento seqüencial. Experimentos mais extensos são necessários para concluir se P. nigrispinus, C. sanguinea e C. cubana são capazes de aprender associações.<br>Predators and parasitoids of herbivorous arthropods use various odours when searching for prey, such as the sex and aggregation pheromones of their victims, as well as the plant volatiles, which production is induced upon herbivory. Insects can detect a wide range of volatile organic compounds, and blends are perceived differently than a compilation of individual compounds. Predators have to deal with a variety of volatile blends associated with their prey since volatile blends vary in their composition among host plant and herbivore species. Because generalist predators face a large variation in volatile cues associated with the presence of prey and prey availability can vary during the lifetime of predators, it is unlike that predators have an innate response to all volatile mixtures. Learning to associate different odour blends with the occurrence of prey could decrease the amount of energy and time spent in searching for a suitable prey. This work aimed to study the olfactory learning ability of predators. I studied whether the response of Ceraeochrysa cubana larvae, Podisus nigrispinus and Cycloneda sanguinea adults to a volatile blend with which they were unfamiliar increased after previous experience in which this blend was associated with food availability.The conditioned stimulus (volatile blends) and unconditioned stimulus (food) were paired either daily or continuously. The response of predators to volatiles of mint oil or clean air was tested using an Y-tube olfactometer. Ceraeochrysa cubana were repelled by mint oil volatiles after previous experience with this blend. However, mint oil odours were nor attractive neither repellent for C. cubana, C. sanguinea and P. nigrispinus after continuous experience. Sequential choices, with reinforcements after each test, did not change the response of the predators. My results suggest that none of these predators change their response to mint oil volatiles after experience with this blend and Diatraea saccharalis eggs within three days of sequential training. More extensive experiments are needed to conclude if P. nigrispinus, C. sanguinea and C. cubana are capable of associative learning.
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SILVA, Solange Bezerra da. "Efeito associativo da dexametasona e melatonina exógenas sobre ratas prenhes." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4677.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-15<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Dexamethasone is widely used in processes anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and in cases of pregnancy with risk of prematurity. Supraphysiological doses of dexamethasone can provide complications and affect embryogenesis. Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, has been shown to prevent the deleterious effects of glucocorticoids. We evaluated the influence of melatonin on systemic effects of dexamethasone to pregnant rats through the following parameters: 1. Hematocrit and glucose profile, 2. Levels of progesterone and 3. Histomorphometry and histochemistry of organs. We used 20 rats divided into two groups: I - pregnant rats untreated (control), II - pregnant rats treated with dexamethasone (0.8mg/kg) lll - pregnant rats treated with melatonin (0.5 mg / kg) IV: pregnant rats treated with dexamethasone and melatonin. All treatments were initiated 10 days after confirmation of mating until the end of pregnancy. Blood was collected in the 7th, 14th and 21st days. Determination of carbohydrate was accomplished by anthrone method for reading plate. Progesterone was measured by ELISA. The liver, kidneys and adrenals were examined histochemically and morphometrically. The results showed a protection of melatonin to blood parameters (hematocrit, total RBC, total and differential leukocyte count), biochemical and hormonal. Treatment with dexamethasone caused a gradual reduction in the total number of red blood cells and anisocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and reduced plasma levels of carbohydrates on day 21 and progesterone at 14 and 21 days of gestation. No evidence of morphological and histochemical changes in the organs. Dexamethasone at a dosage of 0.8 mg / kg applied from the middle third of pregnancy produces hematological, biochemical and hormonal in rats, however, does not affect the liver, kidneys and adrenals, as to histochemical and morphometric parameters. These effects were prevented by melatonin.<br>Dexametasona é largamente utilizada nos processos antinflamatórios, imunossupressores e em casos de gestação com risco de prematuridade. Doses suprafisiológicas de dexametasona podem propiciar complicações e afetar a embriogênese. A melatonina, produzida pela pineal, tem demonstrado prevenir efeitos deletérios dos glicocorticóides. Assim, avaliamos a influência da melatonina sobre efeitos sistêmicos da dexametasona em ratas prenhes por meio dos seguintes parâmetros: 1. Hemograma e perfil glicídico; 2. Níveis de progesterona e 3. Histomorfometria e histoquímica de órgãos. Foram utilizadas 20 ratas divididas nos grupos: I – ratas prenhes sem tratamento (Controle); II – ratas prenhes tratadas com dexametasona (0.8mg/kg); lll - ratas prenhes tratadas com melatonina (0,5 mg/Kg); lV: ratas prenhes tratadas com dexametasona e melatonina. Todos os tratamentos foram iniciados 10 dias após confirmação do acasalamento até o final da gestação. O sangue foi coletado no 7o, 14o e 21o dia. A dosagem de carboidratos foi realizada pelo método antrona para a leitura em microplaca. A progesterona foi dosada pelo método ELISA. O fígado, rins e adrenais foram analisados histoquímica e morfometricamente. Os resultados mostraram uma proteção da melatonina para os parâmetros sanguíneos (valores de hematócrito, número total de hemácias, número total e contagem diferencial de leucócitos), bioquímicos e hormonais. O tratamento com dexametasona causou redução progressiva do número total de hemácias e anisocitose, neutrofilia, linfopenia e eosinopenia, além da redução dos níveis plasmáticos de carboidratos no 21o dia, e de progesterona aos 14 e 21 dias de gestação. Não se evidenciaram alterações morfométricas e histoquímicas nos órgãos. A dexametasona na dosagem de 0,8 mg/Kg aplicada a partir do terço médio da gestação produz alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e hormonais em ratas, porém, não afeta o fígado, rins e adrenais, quanto aos parâmetros morfométricos e histoquímicos. Estes efeitos foram prevenidos pela melatonina.
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Willers, Ednilse Maria. "Cultura associativa: a gênese do cooperativismo agropecuário de alimentos da mesorregião Oeste paranaense." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2171.
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Previous issue date: 2015-01-26<br>The main objective of this research was to analyze and understand the genesis of the food agricultural cooperativism in West mesoregion of Paraná State, through the associative culture of its founders. Therefore, we structured two fronts of research: a) the construction of a theoretical framework guided by the concept of associative culture and cooperative system and; b) the guided analysis framework in the training process, colonization and settlement of West mesoregion of Paraná State and the food agricultural cooperatives establishment related to that region. We identified the food agricultural cooperatives and selected them: Copacol (headquartered in the city of Cafelândia), C.Vale (headquartered in the city of Palotina), LAR (headquartered in the city of Medianeira), Coopavel (headquartered in Cascavel) and Copagril (headquartered in the city of Marechal Cândido Rondon). The methodology adopted was the qualitative approach, based on the descriptive-explanatory premise. The descriptive research allowed the analysis and description of the historical, economic and social context of Paraná State and of the West mesoregion, in the first decades of the twentieth century. This analysis allowed the junction and discussion of the elements that led to the creation, expansion and consolidation, over time, of the food cooperative system in the region under study. The explanatory research allowed us to understand the theoretical framework used. So, as the source of data we used secondary data, through bibliographical and documentary research. This methodological base led us to see that in the West mesoregion of Paraná State, the genesis of the five food agricultural cooperatives under investigation was due to the social needs of individuals, the settlers who have established them, since the 1960s. The foundation of these cooperative societies met the economic interests of the farmers, and not just of the government. In this study, the associative culture rescued through the memories of the settlers who established the cooperatives became the cultural touchstone maintained and reproduced by the community structure of the pioneer settlers. The dynamic of living together and community relations remained independent of macroeconomic changes in the country. This gregariousness, entrenched in the social structure of migrants, who settled the West mesoregion of Paraná, guided cooperation initiatives and triggered producer associations, and these ones, in the food agricultural cooperatives of the mesoregion under study.<br>O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar e compreender a gênese do cooperativismo agropecuário de alimentos da mesorregião Oeste paranaense, a partir da cultura associativa de seus fundadores. Para tanto, foram estruturadas duas frentes de pesquisas: a) a construção de referencial teórico pautado no conceito da cultura associativa e do sistema cooperativista e; b) no quadro de análise pautado no processo de formação, colonização e povoamento da mesorregião Oeste paranaense e na fundação das cooperativas agropecuárias de alimentos afetas àquela mesorregião. Das cooperativas agropecuárias identificadas, foram selecionadas: Copacol (com sede no Município de Cafelândia), C.Vale (com sede no Município de Palotina), Lar (com sede no Município de Medianeira), Coopavel (com sede no Município de Cascavel) e Copagril (com sede no Município de Marechal Cândido Rondon). A proposta metodológica adotada partiu da abordagem qualitativa, a partir da premissa descritivo-explicativa. A pesquisa descritiva possibilitou a análise e a descrição do contexto histórico, econômico e social do Estado do Paraná e da mesorregião Oeste a partir das primeiras décadas do século XX. Essa análise possibilitou a junção e a discussão dos elementos que desencadearam a criação, a expansão e a consolidação do sistema cooperativado de alimentos na mesorregião em estudo ao longo do tempo. Já a pesquisa explicativa, possibilitou a compreensão do marco teórico utilizado. Para tanto, foram utilizados como fonte de dados, dados secundários, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. A base metodológica construída nos levou a constatar que na mesorregião Oeste paranaense a gênese das cinco cooperativas agropecuárias de alimentos em estudo se deu em função das necessidades sociais dos sujeitos, dos colonos que as fundaram a partir da década de 1960. A fundação das sociedades cooperativadas veio de encontro aos interesses econômicos dos produtores rurais e não apenas aos do governo. A cultura associativa resgatada por meio das memórias dos colonos fundadores das cooperativas em estudo tornou-se o marco cultural, mantido e reproduzido pela estrutura comunitária dos colonos pioneiros. A dinâmica de convivência coletiva e as relações comunitárias mantiveram-se independentes das mudanças macroeconômicas do país. Foi esse espírito gregário, entranhado na estrutura social dos migrantes que colonizaram a mesorregião Oeste do Paraná, o norteador das iniciativas de cooperação que desencadearam nas associações de produtores, e essas, nas cooperativas agropecuárias de alimentos da mesorregião em estudo.
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Viana, João Garibaldi Almeida. "GOVERNANÇA DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DA OVINOCULTURA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: ESTUDO DE CASO À LUZ DOS CUSTOS DE TRANSAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8819.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Sheep production in Rio Grande do Sul has been through a rearrangement period after the crisis faced at the beginning of the 1990s. The recent increase of demand for quality sheep meat has generated a farmers organization process. These initiatives improved chain coordination and led to new governance structures. The objective of this work is to study the governance of the sheep productive chain in Rio Grande do Sul, evaluating the impact of transaction and production costs on the establishment of transaction arrangements. Seven sheep farmers from three municipalities in the south of Rio Grande do Sul participated in the research, in addition to three slaughterhouse companies, through which the producers
commercialized their products. The project adopted a case study methodology. This research used a combination of a quantitative approach in the formulation of the production costs and economical indicators, and a qualitative approach in the survey of transaction costs and description of the productive chain. Two governance structures in the industry-producer relationship were identified: the classical market arrangement, which deals with low transaction cost relationships; and the horizontal coordination arrangement, established to deal with asset transactions of greater specificity and frequency and also control opportunistic behavior. The variable costs, such as labor and rough input costs, together with opportunity costs represented the largest share of the total cost. Sheep production is a profitable activity, as indicated by the farmer operational income. The unitary cost variations among the producers were due to the different values obtained from the production acquired. The production costs for the development of more specific assets and the transaction costs present in the relations between parts were the reasons for the formation of horizontal coordination.<br>A ovinocultura do Rio Grande do Sul passa por um período de reestruturação após a crise enfrentada na década de 1980. O recente crescimento da demanda por carne ovina de
qualidade gerou um processo de organização dos produtores. Estas iniciativas possibilitam o inicio de um processo de coordenação da cadeia, formando novas estruturas de governança. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a governança da cadeia produtiva da ovinocultura no Rio
Grande do Sul verificando o impacto dos custos de transação e custos de produção sobre o estabelecimento dos arranjos transacionais. Sete produtores de três municípios do sul do Rio
Grande do Sul participaram da pesquisa, além de três indústrias nas quais os produtores transacionaram seus produtos. O princípio metodológico utilizado no trabalho foi o estudo de caso. A pesquisa teve um caráter quantitativo na formulação dos custos de produção e indicadores econômicos e caráter qualitativo no levantamento dos custos de transação e descrição da cadeia produtiva. Identificaram-se duas estruturas de governança na relação produtor-indústria: o mercado clássico, arranjo capaz de gerir relações com baixos custos de transação, e a coordenação horizontal, arranjo instituído para gerir transações de ativos com
maior especificidade, freqüência e controlar o comportamento oportunista. Os custos variáveis, representado pelos custos de mão de obra e insumos, e os custos de oportunidade
apresentaram as maiores parcelas do custo total. A ovinocultura é uma atividade rentável o que é exemplificado pelo saldo positivo da renda operacional agrícola. As variações dos custos unitários entre os produtores deveram-se aos diferentes valores obtidos de desfrute de produção. Os custos de produção para o desenvolvimento do ativo de maior especificidade e os custos de transação presentes nas relações entre as partes foram os condicionantes para a
formação da coordenação horizontal.
Books on the topic "Agrarian association"
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Zamosc, León. The agrarian question and the peasant movement in Colombia: Struggles of the National Peasant Association, 1967-1981. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Zamosc, Leon. The agrarian question and the peasant movement in Colombia: Struggles of the National Peasant Association 1967-1981. Cambridge University Press, 1986.
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Zamosc, León. The agrarian question and the peasant movement in Colombia: Struggles of the National Peasant Association, 1967-1981. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Marzi, Renato De. Grano e potere: La Federconsorzi, cento anni di lotte per il dominio sulle campagne. Edagricole, 1987.
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Muñoz, Federico Terrón. Las cajas rurales españolas: Nacimiento, auge y perspectivas del cooperativismo agrario crediticio en España. Instituto de Desarrollo Regional de la Universidad de Granada, 1987.
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Simone, Francesco De. I contratti associativi agrari dopo la legge 29/90: Francesco De Simone. Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 1991.
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Dentchev, Roumen G. Economics of Agrarian Transition (International Association of). Dartmouth Pub Co, 1999.
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Masuko, Louis. "Nyabira-Mazowe War Veterans’ Association:." In Land and Agrarian Reform in Zimbabwe. CODESRIA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gnsn.10.
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Bruckmüller, Ernst. "Die "Macht" der Bauern? Agrargesellschaft im Wandel." In Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 2: Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte der Moderne. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh02.05.
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The Power of the Peasants? The Transformation of Agrarian Society. This chapter examines the development of a clear estate consciousness among the Lower Austrian peasantry in the nineteenth century and considers its implications for power relations in the land. Prior to 1848, the peasant population were ruled by feudal landowners, and were entitled to an insignificant degree of self-governance only on the village level. When the landholding reform (Grundentlastung) put an end to feudalism in 1848, autonomous communes were formed in which the upper peasantry now had some say. The liberalism that prevailed from 1861/67 onwards shattered the traditional societal foundations, and crisis set in with debt and a steep decline in prices from 1880 onwards. The articulation of peasants’ problems by a vintner (Steininger) and experts and politicians with an interest in social welfare saw the emergence of an increasingly dense agrarian network via specialist associations and trade unions. Ultimately, these efforts culminated in the foundation of a successful political organisation, the Lower Austrian Farmers’ Association, which may be considered a manifestation of athe emergence of an estate consciousness realisable on the political level.
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Sommestad, Lena. "Professionalization and the Swedish Association of Dairymen." In Agrarian Women, the Gender of Dairy Work, and the Two-Breadwinner Model in the Swedish Welfare State, edited by Grey Osterud. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429024665-7.
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Wright, Jonathan. "“A hunger for power” Business and Politics, 1901-1914." In Gustav Stresemann. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198219491.003.0003.
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Abstract Between 1901 and 1914 Stresemann established his reputation in two areas: as the organizer of manufacturing industry in Saxony, in which his success created a model for other parts of the Reich and, secondly, as a young politician of unusual gifts in the National Liberal Party. The two areas were closely connected, for Stresemann saw in manufacturing industry a natural partner for the left wing of the National Liberal Party with which he became associated. When he started his professional life as a syndic or promoter of the interests of manufacturing industry in Saxony, Stresemann found a situation in which his clients were both poorly organized and disadvantaged. Compared to the interests of agriculture organized predominantly in the Agrarian League and the interests of heavy industry, particularly the coal and steel giants of the Ruhr, which dominated the Central Association of German Industrialists (Central Verband deutscher Industrieller), the corresponding manufacturers” interest group, the Association of Industrialists (Bund der Industriellen), founded in 1895, was weakly organized and uninfluential.
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Burmeister, Larry, Gustav Ranis, and Michael Wang. "Group Behaviour and Development: A Comparison of Farmers’ Organizations in South Korea and Taiwan." In Group Behaviour and Development. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199256914.003.0006.
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Abstract In response to prevailing agro-ecological and agrarian structural conditions, a variety of rural organizations has arisen throughout East Asia to link small producers to broad national development objectives. Farmers’ organizations (FOs) have been critical components of this organizational infrastructure, providing marketing, input supply, technical information, and credit services to farmer-members. In some countries, such FOs have played quite a significant role as institutional vehicles for promoting agricultural development, while in others they have been less effective (see Jones 1971; Lele 1981; Illy 1983). In this paper, we examine two FOs, the Farmers’ Association (FA) in Taiwan and the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF) in South Korea (hereafter Korea), in order to assess the extent to which such organizations permit us to understand better the role of group behaviour in affecting development outcomes.
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Pulido, Elisa Eastwood. "The Third Convention, April 21, 1936." In The Spiritual Evolution of Margarito Bautista. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190942106.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses Bautista’s 1936 involvement in the Third Convention, a grassroots movement of Mexican Mormons who petitioned the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for the appointment of an ethnically Mexican mission president. The author argues that Bautista fomented the rebellion in association with Mexican Mormons who had served as Zapatista soldiers in the Mexican Revolution and whose ideology had been influenced by agrarian anarchism, nationalism, and indigeneity. The chapter follows the formation of the Third Convention, the efforts of the mainstream Church to halt the movement, the excommunication of Conventionist leaders, and Bautista’s expulsion from the Third Convention when his pursuit of polygamous wives became known. By 1937 Bautista had lost his friends and his spiritual community. His lack of community catapulted him into a new religious role, that of religious entrepreneur. Bautista began to proselytize his own independent following.
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Wiedenfeld, Grant. "The Natural (1984)." In Hollywood Sports Movies and the American Dream. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197624920.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 reads The Natural (1984) through the context of the 1980s farm crisis. The New Deal–era setting, an aging yeoman hero, and a rapacious owner compose an allegory for the economic plight of small farmers. The heartland parable stands with Farm Aid in support of grassroots agrarian movements against the laissez-faire policies of Reagan and the GOP. This interpretation challenges the general association of sports history, pastoralism, and fantasy genres with reactionary nostalgia and utopianism. Many have considered the adaptation of Bernard Malamud’s novel, from a tonic of disillusionment into a tale of victory, to be emblematic of the regressive culture industry. Beneath the surface of white skin and sepia tones, however, themes of equality and justice pump through the drama. Considering the reverent legend as part of American civil religion reveals a progressive and multicultural ethos that is both unexpected and knotty.
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"limited to the desirable speed for attaining it and methods for doing so. Doubtless this was how it appeared at the outset to those involved. In retrospect, however, we can see that this distinction between ends and means is too simple. The reality is that ends and means rarely form a simple hierarchy or are easily separable. Means must be designed with the end in view; if the objective is not clearly perceived, then the design of policy will incorporate unforeseen distortions which may limit or even prevent attainment of the given goal. Means which turn out not to lead to the designated objective will have some other outcome instead. When ends and means prove incompatible it may suddenly transpire that the means are more precious than the original end, attainment of which is deferred or abandoned. Of course in many cases there will be several different routes to the same destination and, under these conditions, the choice of route will rest primarily on considerations of speed and economy of effort. But in other circumstances what is apparently a choice of means to an end will turn out to involve the choice of ends as well. Here different means incorporate different objectives and may be taken to stand for them; they become just as charged with value (or its opposite) as the goals to which they correspond. In theory Bolshevism was directed towards a classless society in which the state was to have 'withered away', coercion being replaced by voluntary association and co-operative creativity. Yet the circumstances of international and social conflict prompted the Soviet regime, from its first moments, to resolute measures of governmental and social coercion. These measures prompted deep divisions within Bolshevism. What was at issue was the appropriateness of such methods on grounds both of expediency (the regime's survival) and of principle (the regime's permanent objective of a socialist society). The question of expediency was settled in the sense that the regime survived. The question of principle remained unresolved. Was coercion a temporary expedient and the state no more than a necessary evil in the course of struggle for the realisation of human freedom? Or should Bolsheviks attach a positive value to their refinement and extension? And if coercive disciplines and authoritarian centralisation were to become the central themes of Bolshevik practice, what kind of society would result - a society capable of evolving towards the goals originally defined, or some more primitive and limited variant, or even a reversion to something completely antithetical to communist ideals? It was Bukharin who revealed most clearly the closeness of these issues to the debate over 'primary socialist accumulation'. He had broken with the left during the period of reassessment immediately following termination of the civil war, and became a leading exponent of the theory and practice of NEP as a possible road to socialism. He criticised both Preobrazhensky's concept of primary socialist accumulation and Stalin's subsequent attempt to secure a temporary 'tribute' from the peasantry - the former on the grounds that it would require widespread coercion to prevent peasant withdrawal from the market, losing the goodwill of the peasant masses without whom socialism could not be built in Russia; the latter because Stalin's policies for grain requisitioning initiated in the spring of 1928 amounted to 'military-feudal exploitation' of the village [e.g. Cohen, 1975:160- 73, 306- 7]. In neither case." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-9.
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Deák, George. "From Progressivism to Conservatism: The Social Policy of the Hungarian Association of Industrialists (GyOSz) In the Era of Dualism and After World War I." In Explorations into the Social and Economic History of Hungary from the 18th to 21st Century. Working Group of Economic and Social History Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/seshst-03-01.
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attitude towards a broadening of suffrage changed from progressive ones in the period of Dualism to conservative ones in the Horthy Era. Applied methods. Literature review including the author’s 1980 dissertation and subsequently published works on the topic by him and other authors. Outcomes. The GyOSz, many of whose members were of Jewish origin, sided with progressive groups in promoting a broadening of suffrage and some social policy measures in the period before World War. They did so in hopes of building an urban alliance that opposed the economic policies and antisemitism of the agrarian interest groups. Shocked by their experience during the latter months of Károlyi’s republic and especially the Soviet Republic in 1919, the industrialists of the GyOSz threw their full support behind the conservative Horthy regime rather than making cause with the Social Democrats for progressive reforms. They did this to their peril since the Horthy regime initially promoted antisemitism and later was unable to contain it. Many members of the GyOSz suffered from the antisemitic laws and the subsequent Holocaust at the end of World War II.
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Šabec, Ksenija. "Disappearing Community and Preserved Identity: Indigenous Gottscheers in Slovenia." In Minorities - New Studies and Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110382.
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The chapter is a case study of the indigenous Gottscheers in contemporary Slovenia. They were one of the eldest German ethnic communities outside of German and Austrian territory and the only agrarian German linguistic island on Slovenian territory after the WW1. However, their settlements and cultural landscape and heritage had been wiped out almost entirely due to the Gottscheers’ wartime and postwar emigration/eviction (mainly to the USA and Canada), the WW2, and post-war decay, marginalization, depopulation as well as village and cultural monument destruction and Slovenianization. According to the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s languages in Danger, the Gottscheer language is defined as “critically endangered”. The number of today’s Gottscheers in Slovenia is small, less than 300, or around 1000 including descendants and sympathizers. However, on the other hand, contemporary Association of Cultural Societies of the German Speaking Ethnic Communities in Slovenia as an umbrella organi¬zation of predominantly Styrian Germans aspires to acquire legal minority status for the German-speaking community in Slovenia (including Gottscheers). The aim of the chapter is therefore to detect contemporary perceptions of a marginalized and disappearing Gottscheers’ community and mechanisms to preserve and finally incorporate its identity into the Slovenian (and broader) cultural space and collective memory.
Conference papers on the topic "Agrarian association"
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Kameneva, I. A., A. I. Yakubovskaya, T. N. Melnichuk, et al. "Formation of the association of cellulolytic microorganisms." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.130.
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Lappo, Olga A., Yulia O. Karakulko, Ekaterina S. Khalvita, and Zhanna V. Dembovskaya. "Acquiring and building content of the digital union information resource of the institutions of the Agrarian Sciences Division of Belarus National Academy of Sciences." In Twenty Sixth International Conference and Exhibition «LIBCOM-2022». Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-257-9-2022-86-92.
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The authors share the experience of acquiring the Union E-catalog of the institutions of Belarus NAS Agrarian Sciences Division based on the technologies developed by the International Association of Users and Developers of Electronic Libraries and New Information Technologies (ELNIT Association) in compliance with global and national standards and machine-readable formats, using Internet-technologies and IRBIS64 Library Automation System (LAS). The E-catalog is to support discoverability of the institutions’ information resources and to intellectualize user services. IRBIS64/128 technological capabilities are discussed; the project status and further prospects are analyzed.
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Certan, Ion, and Simion Certan. "Meditare asupra învățământului superior agricol din Republica Moldova." In Economic growth in the conditions of globalization. International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2022. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.ii.2022.16.7.
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The declaration of independence of the Republic of Moldova (August 27, 1991) imposed the reformation and harmonization of the development of the national economy. In the Republic of Moldova, agriculture was and remains the strongest balancing factor in harmonizing the development of the national economy. Moreover, agriculture was and remains the backbone of the national economy, having a significant contribution to the formation of the country's gross domestic product. The conception of the agrarian reform and the socio-economic development of the village, adopted by the decision of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova on February 15, 1991, claims that "the main link of the agrarian reform is the reform of land relations". The main orientation of the reform of land relations was the demonopolization of state ownership of land and ... the affirmation in practice of different types of ownership in agriculture". As a result, "... the peasant household (farm type), based on real economic independence" appeared. The continuation of the agricultural reform of the Republic of Moldova was foreseen by the "Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova, on the one hand, and the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand" which was signed and initialed by the authorities of the Republic of Moldova in 2013. The need to intensify reforms in the national economy, including in agriculture, is imposed by the acceptance in 2022 of the Republic of Moldova as a candidate for the European Union. It is natural to return to the human potential available for national agriculture, especially to the organization of university studies for the training of specialists in the fields of agriculture. The article reflects on the training system aimed at training and developing the knowledge, skills, professionalism and creativity of specialists for national agriculture. The authors come up with some proposals that would contribute to ensuring agriculture with specialists that would ensure increased results in this sector of the national economy.
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Zakharchenko, N. S., O. V. Furs, S. V. Pigoleva, et al. "Resistance of plants colonized by associative microorganisms to xenobiotics and phytopathogens." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-110.
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The aim of our work was to study the colonization of potato, tomato, rapeseed and camelina by associative microorganisms Methylobacterium mesophilicum, Pseudomonas aureofaciens BS1393 and Pseudomonas putida BS3701; examine the resistance of colonized plants to biotic (phytopathogens Erwinia carotovora and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and abiotic (naphthalene, oil) stressors. Colonized plants were characterized by an increased growth rate (1.5–2.0 times higher) compared to non-colonized ones; flower-bud formation, flowering and fructification of the colonized plants also started earlier. An increased resistance of colonized plants to phytopathogens, naphthalene (100 mµ/ml) and oil (0.7 %) was noted, too. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in control plants on a medium with naphthalene or oil increased by 160–150%; in colonized plants – by 20–18 %. Colonized plants were more viable because of the presence of P. putida BS3701 on the roots.
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Kameneva, I. A., A. I. Yakubovskaya, M. V. Gritchin, I. I. Smirnova, and G. N. Konopleva. "Features of the cultivation of microbial associations for the production of biological products based on them." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.131.
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Kameneva, I. A., A. I. Yakubovskaya, V. S. Pashtetskiy, et al. "Prospect of using oilcakes in biotechnology of microbial preparations." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-112.
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The actual problem in the development of new and improvement of existing forms of microbial preparations for crop production is the search for technological and economical components of the substrate to increase the titer of bacteria and keep their viability for a long period. The aim of our research was to study the technological effectiveness of the oilcake obtained after oil extraction from seeds of Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) and Brassica spp. L. (mustard) as a component of a liquid nutrient medium for the cultivation of associative bacteria. The addition of mustard and flax cake to the cultivation medium of P. polymyxa CCM P contributed to an increase in the titer of bacteria by 3.1 and 4.3 times, respectively, compared to control. We found that mustard cake has a stimulating and stabilizing effect on P. polymyxa CCM P, as well as a stabilizing one on L. nimipressuralis 32-3 CCM when storing for a month.
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Kravchenko, V. M., G. S. Itin, and G. A. Kravchenko. "ASSOCIATIVE COURSE OF DIROFILARIASIS IN THE CAT CAUSED BY DIROFILARIA IMMITIS AND DIROFILARIA REPEN." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.211-215.
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Since 2006, dirofilariasis of domestic and wild carnivores has been an inpatient condition in the North-West Caucasus. Until 2023, we only recorded the infection with one Dirofilaria species, Dirofilaria immitis in the cat. In 2023, we used the method of pathoanatomical dissection to record, for the first time in the region, an associative infection caused by sexually mature nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in a dead Siamese cat aged 7 years diagnosed with seropurulent dermatitis that had been taken to the Veterinary Clinic of the Kuban State Agrarian University, the Yeisk District (flooded landscape and geographical zone) to establish the cause of death. Mature nematodes Dirofilaria immitis were localized in the right heart (atrium) and pulmonary artery in the number of 5 specimens, of which were 2 males and 3 females. Mature nematodes Dirofilaria repens in the number of 3 specimens, one male and 2 females, were located freely in the subcutaneous tissue and localized in the area of the right mammary glands. We explain this by the fact that nematode Dirofilaria repens does not show such flexibility to adaptation as Dirofilaria immitis in the cat as a species, which is obviously due to its specific anatomical and physiological features.
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Куклина, А. Г., and Ю. К. Виноградова. "Scientific publications under the International Program "Agrobiodiversity to improve nutrition, health and quality of life"." In МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ АССОЦИАЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЙ НАУК СОВЕТ БОТАНИЧЕСКИХ САДОВ СТРАН СНГ ПРИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ АССОЦИАЦИИ АКАДЕМИЙ НАУК Информационный бюллетень. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35102/cbgcis.2022.34.81.007.
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В рамках сотрудничества по Международной программе «Агробиоразнообразие для улучшения питания, здоровья и качества жизни» между Главным ботаническим садом им. Н.В. Цицина РАН (г. Москва, Россия) и Словацким Аграрным Университетом (г. Нитра, Словакия) проводились исследования, направленные на сохранение и использование фиторазнообразия в целях получения здоровой, органической пищи и создания комфортной окружающей среды. По Соглашению, действующему в период 2013-2020 гг., была договоренность о совместных публикациях научных работ. Все статьи и монографии издавались в соответствии с правилами Европейского Союза и Европейских Ассоциаций. Латинские названия исследуемых видов растений в изданиях приводились в соответствии с Интернет-ресурсом: http://www.theplantlist.org/. По взаимному интересу были подготовлены и изданы книги по нескольким темам. Within the framework of cooperation under the International Program "Agrobiodiversity to improve nutrition, health and quality of life" between the Main Botanical Garden named after. N.V. Tsitsina RAS (Moscow, Russia) and the Slovak Agrarian University (Nitra, Slovakia) conducted research aimed at the conservation and use of phytodiversity in order to obtain healthy, organic food and create a comfortable environment. Under the Agreement, which is valid for the period 2013-2020, there was an agreement on joint publications of scientific papers. All articles and monographs were published in accordance with the rules of the European Union and European Associations. The Latin names of the studied plant species in publications were given in accordance with the Internet resource: http://www.theplantlist.org/. By mutual interest, books were prepared and published on several topics.
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I.A., Krygina, and Rybak S.V. "ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL LEGISLATION IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY." In "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION". ДГТУ-Принт, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2021.115-119.
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The systemic and structural changes taking place in modern Russian legislation reflect those large-scale changes that primarily manifest the internal and external aspects of the state's integration into international integration associations, which significantly expands the scope of legal regulation not only in the economic segment of public relations, but also makes it possible to optimize legislative regulation in certain spheres of economic and economic activity. The purpose of this study is a special area of social relations, which is objectively included in the operating mechanism of management, but does not have its own independent legislative consolidation. We are talking about the so-called «economic legislation», a concept that in Russian jurisprudence is very conditional, since it is still not accepted to single out a separate subject of legal regulation in this sphere of relations in the legal and legislative doctrine. Guided by the set research goals and objectives, the authors attempt to analyze the regulatory framework of the mechanisms of integration interaction. At the same time, the author's vision of this problem is based on special tools and an approach that provide a comprehensive vision of the problem under consideration and is based on the dualism of its perception. Nevertheless, in recent years in the Russian legal science, an opinion has been increasingly expressed about the need for an integrated approach to this problem, which is justified by the objective processes of integrating the Russian economy into the global economic space and, accordingly, the unification of Russian legislation, in particular agrarian legislation, into the global regulatory framework regulatory system.
Reports on the topic "Agrarian association"
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Takyiakwaa, Dorothy, Prince S. K. Tetteh, and Kofi Takyi Asante. Explaining the Weakness of Associational Life in Oil Palm Growing Communities in Southwestern Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.028.
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As the second most important industrial crop in Ghana, oil palm holds the potential of improving farmers’ livelihoods and alleviating rural poverty. For smallholder farmers, collective action through farmer-based organisations (FBOs) could provide a pathway to inclusive participation in agricultural commercialisation. There is ample evidence in the literature that collective action can help smallholders gain access to credit, improved inputs, or even networks of social support. Thus, collective action is widely recognised as a viable pathway out of poverty for the agrarian poor. However, our findings show that FBOs were either weak or non-existent. Indeed, we find that economic relations between farmers tend to be more individualised than one would expect to find in rural communities. This paper presents these findings, and explores why this is the case.
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Prysyazhna-Gapchenko, Julia. Еміграційні видання для селян: між фаховістю і політикою. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11720.
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In the article rare editions of magazine type are first probed for peasants which nursed in an environment the Ukrainian emigrants in the first post-war years on territory of the American area of occupation in Germany, and also in the USA. Separately paid regard to mision role of magazines in the association of the nebulized peasants round a desire to apply the obtained previous experience and knowledge on strange land, to present the world the Ukrainian peasantry as labour productive force and also round the idea of fight for independence, joining in with political activity of «old» parties and organizations which actively functioned in the environment of the Ukrainian emigrants. Outlined problem of magazines for peasants, and also sil’vetki of separate authors. In the repertoire of the Ukrainian emigrant press professional editions for peasants occupy an insignificant percent. But their appearance and functioning testify to the desire of certain part of wanderers – natives from villages, which got the special trade education, and also conscious group of peasants which tested tortures and humiliations as a result of violent collectivization, to unite the efforts for future effective economic labour in Ukraine, as emigration was at that time examined in their environment as the temporal phenomenon. De autre part, the creators of this periodicals did not hide the purpose of distribution of the purchased knowledges and experience in the countries of migration. Publishers at mediation of magazines formed soil for creation of political party, which would unite the unions of the Ukrainian peasants-emigrants (farmers), which got organized in camps for the moved persons. Soon, in 1948, party of liberal direction – Union of earths of cathedral Ukraine is was created in Ashaffenburzi (Germany) and on convention in New Wales (in 1950) renamed on Peasant party. Greater part of problem of magazines «the Ukrainian owner», «Ukrainian peasant», «Rural owner», was inferior preparation to realization of this emigrant project. A separate place belongs to the magazine «the Ukrainian manager», the release of which, without regard to influences of mel’nikivskogo wing OUN, managed from the first to the last number to dissociate oneself from a policy, save popular scientific status agrarian-economic direction. Even publications the main theme of number is violated in which, for example, criticism of a collective farm system the USSR or analysis of economic problems of socialism, scientific arguments is marked and by the unprejudice of author. Functioning in the environment of emigration of «rural» periodicals is dictated a desire to combine effort peasants for a maintenance and increase of professional level, to send them in the river-bed of fight for liberation from under the burden of persecutors of the Ukrainian village.