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Books on the topic 'Agrarian research'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development., ed. State of the art abstract bibliography of agrarian reform research. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development, National Science and Technology Authority, 1986.

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2

Childress, Malcolm D. Agrarian research institutes and civil society in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: In search of linkages. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2004.

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3

Syria. Directorate of Agricultural Scientific Research. and Syria. Wizārat al-Zirāʻah wa-al-Iṣlāḥ al-Zirāʻī., eds. A Review of the Directorate of Agricultural Scientific Research: Report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform of the Syrian Arab Republic. International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1989.

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4

N, Gwynne R., ed. Agrarian change and the democratic transition in Chile: Special issue of Bulletin of Latin American research. Elsevier Science, 1997.

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5

Shearer, Eric B. The reform of rural land markets in Latin America and the Caribbean: Research, theory, and policy implications. Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1991.

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6

Mubvami, T. Agrarian policy research and dialogue activities for agricultural revival and conflict resolution in Zimbabwe: Spatial development of agricultural clusters. African Institute for Agrarian Studies, 2004.

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7

International Service for National Agricultural Research., ed. INIPA's response to Peru's needs for agricultural research and extension: Executive summary : report to Government of Peru, Ministry of Agriculture, National Institute for Agrarian Research and Promotion (INIPA). International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1986.

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8

World Employment Programme. Rural Employment Policies Branch. The challenge of rural poverty: A progress report on research andtechnical co-operation concerning rural employment, agrarian institutions and policies. 3rd ed. International Labour Office, 1985.

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9

Syria. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. and International Service for National Agricultural Research., eds. A Review of the Directorate of Agricultural Scientific Research: Report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform of the Syrian ArabRepublic. ISNAR, 1989.

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10

Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute. and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS): Proceedings of the first national workshop held at the Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, Colombo, January 24, 2003. Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, 2003.

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11

Seminar to Commemorate the World Food Day 1996 Colombo, Sri Lanka). Fighting hunger and malnutrition: Proceedings of the Seminar to Commemorate the World Food Day, held at the Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, Colombo, on 15th October 1996. Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, 1998.

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12

Zevallos, Raúl Figueroa. Situación del agro y de la investigación agraria en el Perú: Una propuesta de Escalafón para el investigador agrario. CONCYTEC, 2002.

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13

Wiradi, Gunawan. Metodologi studi agraria: Karya terpilih Gunawan Wiradi. Institut Pertanian Bogor, 2009.

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14

Herruzo, A. C. Evaluación de la investigación agraria: Aplicación al cultivo del arroz en España. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, 1986.

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15

Rabiela, Teresa Rojas. Proyecto Archivos Agrarios, RAN-CIESAS: Memoria de trabajo, 1997-2001. Registro Agrario Nacional, 2002.

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16

Italy. Direzione generale per la produzione agricola. Divisione IV, Ricerca e sperimentazione., ed. Progetto finalizzato di ricerca: Lotta biologica ed integrata per la difesa delle colture agrarie e delle piante forestali. Ministero dell'agricoltura e delle foreste, Direzione generale della produzione agricola, Divisione IV, Ricerca e sperimentazione, 1988.

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17

Laura, Ruiz, ed. Guía de nuevos centros de población ejidal del Archivo General Agrario. Registro Agrario Nacional, 2000.

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18

(Editor), Carol S. Leonard, ed. Agrarian Organization in the Century of Industrialization: Europe, Russia and North America (Research in Economic History Supplement). JAI Press, 1989.

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19

Plant Breeding and Agrarian Research in Kaiserwilhelm-Institutes 1933–1945. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6718-1.

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20

The New Agrarian Movement in Mexico, 1979-1990 (Research Papers). Institute of Latin American Studies, 1991.

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21

Heim, Susanne. Plant Breeding and Agrarian Research in Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institutes 1933-1945: Calories, Caoutchouc, Careers. Springer, 2008.

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22

Heim, Susanne. Plant Breeding and Agrarian Research in Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institutes 1933-1945: Calories, Caoutchouc, Careers. Springer, 2016.

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23

Plant breeding and agrarian research in Kaiser-Wilhelm-institutes 1933-1945: Calories, caoutchouc, careers. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.

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24

Agrarian science for sustainable resource management in sub-Saharan Africa. Peter Lang, 2009.

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25

Gottwald, Franz-Theo, George Ouma, and Isabel Boergen. Agrarian Science for Sustainable Resource Management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2017.

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26

Soviet Agrarian Debate: A Controversy in Social Science 1923-1929. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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27

Solomon, Susan Gross. Soviet Agrarian Debate: A Controversy in Social Science 1923-1929. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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28

Liu, Juan, Gustavo de L. T. Oliveira, and Ben M. McKay. Beyond the Global Land Grab: New Directions for Research on Land Struggles and Global Agrarian Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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29

Molle, Francois, and Tippawal Srijantr. Agrarian Change and Land System in the Chao Phraya Delta (Doras-Delta : Research Report No. 6). Kasetsart University, 1999.

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30

Liu, Juan, Gustavo de L. T. Oliveira, and Ben M. McKay. Beyond the Global Land Grab: New Directions for Research on Land Struggles and Global Agrarian Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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31

Liu, Juan, Gustavo de L. T. Oliveira, and Ben M. McKay. Beyond the Global Land Grab: New Directions for Research on Land Struggles and Global Agrarian Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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32

Beyond the Global Land Grab: New Directions for Research on Land Struggles and Global Agrarian Change. Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated, 2023.

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33

Otsuka, Keijiro. Land Tenure and Natural Resource Management: A Comparative Study of Agrarian Communities in Asia and Africa (International Food Policy Research Institute). International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001.

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34

Otsuka, Keijiro. Land Tenure and Natural Resource Management: A Comparative Study of Agrarian Communities in Asia and Africa (International Food Policy Research Institute). International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001.

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35

Environmental awareness: Proceedings of the seminar held on the World Environmental Day, 5 June 1987, at the Agrarian Research and Training Institute. The Institute, 1987.

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36

Adamcho, O. P., ed. Scientific Horizons of the XXI Century: Multidisciplinary Research. Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/978-966-479-144-8.

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The collection of materials contains abstracts of reports submitted to the International Scientific Conference "Scientific Horizons of the XXI Century: Multidisciplinary Research" which took place on May 16-17, 2024, at the State Higher Educational Institution "Uzhhorod National University" in a hybrid format. The materials were discussed during the work of 16 sections. As part of the conference, a roundtable "Prospects for Youth and Open Science in Ukraine" was also held. The organizers of the conference were: the State Higher Educational Institution "Uzhhorod National University," the Council of Young Scientists of UzhNU, the University of Public Service (Budapest, Hungary), the University of Bialystok, Faculty of Education (Białystok, Poland), the Polish Association of Doctoral Students, the State Scientific Institution "Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information," the National Aviation University, the Odessa State Agrarian University, the Institute of Family Medicine of UzhNU, the Council of Young Scientists under the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Council of Young Scientists of the Odessa Regional State Administration, the Council of Young Scientists of the Kremenets Regional Humanities-Pedagogical Academy named after T.H. Shevchenko, the All-Ukrainian Public Organization "Ukrainian Association of Family Medicine," the NGO "Association of Family Doctors of the Zakarpattia Region," the NGO "Carpathian Horizons," the Center for Information-Analytical and Technical Support of Monitoring of Atomic Energy Objects of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and the Institute for the Digitalization of Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine.

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37

Evans, Sterling. Agricultural Production and Environmental History. Edited by Jeffrey M. Pilcher. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729937.013.0012.

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The traditional focus of agricultural history has been the study of rural landscapes, societies, and economies, as well as agricultural production and technologies. In contrast, environmental history has adopted a more interdisciplinary research approach, offering both ecological and political analyses, and addressing the world's current environmental crises from a historical perspective. Drawing on the environmental perspective, this article explores the development of human food production. Subsistence has been an important part of history from the earliest times to the advent of modern, industrial agriculture. The seasonal migrations of gathering and hunting peoples were based on their procurement of food. Although the emergence of farming and herding led to the rise of urban, elite classes specializing in other activities, food production remained the focus of the vast majority of people in agrarian empires. This article investigates the transitions between three basic modes of production: what I. G. Simmons has called the distinct "cultural ecologies" of gatherer-hunter, agrarian, and industrial societies.

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38

Arneil, Barbara. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803423.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 defines the volume’s key terms: domestic colonization as the process of segregating idle, irrational, and/or custom-bound groups of citizens by states and civil society organizations into strictly bounded parcels of ‘empty’ rural land within their own nation state in order to engage them in agrarian labour and ‘improve’ both the land and themselves and domestic colonialism as the ideology that justifies this process, based on its economic (offsets costs) and ethical (improves people) benefits. The author examines and differentiates her own research from previous literatures on ‘internal colonialism’ and argues that her analysis challenges postcolonial scholarship in four important ways: colonization needs to be understood as a domestic as well as foreign policy; people were colonized based on class, disability, and religious belief as well as race; domestic colonialism was defended by socialists and anarchists as well as liberal thinkers; and colonialism and imperialism were quite distinct ideologies historically even if they are often difficult to distinguish in contemporary postcolonial scholarship—put simply—the former was rooted in agrarian labour and the latter in domination. This chapter concludes with a summary of the remaining chapters.

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39

Agricultura, tecnologia y desarrollo: Como se evalua la investigacion agraria en America Latina. Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, 1989.

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40

Deutinger, Stephan. Vom Agrarland zum High- Tech- Staat. Zur Geschichte der Forschungsstandortes Bayern 1945 - 1980. Oldenbourg, 2001.

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41

Christian, David. World Environmental History. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0008.

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How can one best manage the unpredictable and rapidly evolving relationship between human beings and the biosphere? This question provides one of the great research agendas for the early twenty-first century. It is no longer enough to track human environmental impacts at the local or national level, a task taken up within the flourishing field of environmental history. This article explores how each thread in this complex story is woven throughout human history and how it covers the entire world. At its most ambitious, the new scholarly field of world environmental history aims at a comprehensive historical understanding of the complex and unstable patchwork of relations between humans and the biosphere. The discussion argues that current environmental issues have their roots in the very nature of the human species and history. The article also describes the Paleolithic era, the agrarian era, and the modern era.

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42

Wojewodzic, Tomasz. Procesy dywestycji i dezagraryzacji w rolnictwie o rozdrobnionej strukturze agrarnej. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-31-1.

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The turn of the 20th and 21st centuries has been a very dynamic period of change in Poland and around the world; also a period of change in thinking about the economy and agriculture. The present work is a study of the decline, divestments and development of agriculture in the areas of fragmented farming structure. The reflections presented herein, upon the processes of the remodelling of agrarian structures, of divestments in farming, and disagrarisation, are mostly anchored in the achievements of the theory of spatial economy (land management), and the microeconomic theories of choice, including the theory of an agricultural holding (farm) and land rent theories. The work focuses on the economic issues of remodelling the agrarian structure, but due to the nature of the issues discussed herein, specifically in relation to family-owned farms, the social and environmental aspects also needed to be taken into account – in response to the need for a heterogeneous approach, which is increasingly stressed in economic sciences today. The main objective of the research was to diagnose and assess the scale and scope of the mechanisms and processes that inform the decline and growth of agricultural holdings in the areas with fragmented farming structure. The study covered the area comprising four regions (provinces) of south-eastern Poland, which – according to the FADN nomenclature – form the macro region of Małopolska and Pogórze. The study of subject literature has been enriched with an analysis of available statistics; data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN); information obtained from the Department of Programming and Reporting at the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture; and author’s own research conducted among farm owners. The information thus obtained made it possible to: • Determine the theoretical premises for the spatial diversity of agriculture, and the role of small farms in the shaping of agrarian structure. • Adapt the concept of “divestment” for the description and analysis of the phenomena occurring in agriculture. • Indicate the role and importance of the processes of divestment and disagrarisation in the restructuring of agriculture. • Assess the natural, social and economic determinants of the process of restructuring agriculture in areas with fragmented farming structure. • Assess selected aspects of economic efficiency of agriculture in areas with fragmented farming structure, with the focus on small and micro farms. • Carry out an ex ante evaluation of the impact of agricultural policy instruments on the process of restructuring of agriculture in the macro region of Małopolska and Pogórze. • Identify the indicators of decline and fall, and barriers to the liquidation of farms. • Assess the relationship between the level of socio-economic development, the structure of farming, and the quality of agricultural production space in a given territorial unit, versus the intensity of the economic and production disagrarisation processes in agricultural holdings. • Propose targeted solutions conducive to the improvement of the farming structure in areas with a high framentation of agriculture. Observation of the processes occurring in agriculture, and the scientific theories created on the basis thereof, have shown that even the smallest farms have a chance to continue in existence, provided that we are able to positively verify their adaptation to the changing conditions in the environment. Carrying out farming activity is a prerequisite for implementing the economic, social and environmental functions associated with family farms. At the same time, based on the analyses performed, we need to assume that the advanced processes of the production and economic disagrarisation of agricultural holdings are to a greater extent determined by the anatomical features of agriculture, and by the natural conditions, than by the level of socio-economic development of the given territorial unit. In the current economic climate, the remodelling of the agrarian structure is only possible with the active participation of the institutions responsible for the creation of economic growth and agricultural policy development. It is extremely important from the point of view of environmental protection, and the viability of rural areas, to support small farms engaged in agricultural activities, and to introduce such instruments that will enable the replacement of an economic collapse with divestments, carried out in a planned manner, and allowing for thus released agricultural resources to find alternative application in units with a higher development potential. The area of theoretical research requiring further exploration includes the issues such as transactional costs of the liquidation of agricultural holdings, and the assessment of the economic effectiveness of conducting divestments.

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43

Chatterjee, Elizabeth, and Matthew McCartney, eds. Class and Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199499687.001.0001.

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In 1984, Pranab Bardhan published his classic work The Political Economy of Development in India. It went on to become one of the most influential references on the political economy of development in the pre-reform period of independent India. Class and Conflict reflects on the enduring influence of Bardhan’s original publication in the context of post-liberalization developments in India. Drawing on their own world-leading research, the contributors to this volume engage with a wide range of issues, such as whether big business dominates India today, how subsidies retard economic growth, and how the middle classes are transforming politics. Together they try to answer the big question: what has really changed in the political and economic climate of the country over the last 30 years? Exploring the continuities and changes that have characterized India’s political economy since 1984, this volume takes stock of the main challenges of India’s economic development today. It contributes to current debates on economic growth, crony capitalism, agrarian crisis, the politics of class and caste, and the role of the state in a liberalizing economy.

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44

Bratman, Eve Z. Governing the Rainforest. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949389.001.0001.

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Sustainable development is among the foremost ideas that guide societal aspirations around the world. This book interrogates the concept through a critical lens, examining both its history and the trajectory of its manifestations in the Brazilian Amazon. The book argues that sustainable development is a concept that is better understood as involving embroilments and ongoing processes of contestation rather than a single end goal. The research offers historical analysis of Amazonian development from the colonial era into the discourse and praxis of sustainable development in contemporary times, and then illustrates the tensions of sustainable development plans that are experienced by people living in the areas geographically the closest to where those plans are being implemented. The history of the Brazilian Amazon is introduced to readers through focused discussions on the tensions between making grand plans for the region and the everyday practices and experiences of sustainable development, which involve considerably more muddling. Case studies explore agrarian reform initiatives that occur alongside road paving projects, the creation of extractive reserves and conservation areas that follow in the wake of assassinations, and the construction of a massive hydroelectric dam. While Amazonian sustainable development is a widely-accepted imperative, the research presented here shows how land use and infrastructure plans conducted in the name of sustainable development often perpetuate and reinforce economic and political inequalities.

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45

Verzunova, L. V. REPORTS OF THE TSHA ISSUE 293 (PART I). Publishing house of the Russian state agrarian University UN-TA im. K. A. Timiryazeva, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1834-8-2021-824.

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The collection includes articles based on the reports of scientists of the K. A. Timiryazev RGAU-MSHA, other universities and research institutions at the International Scientific Conference dedicated to the 155th anniversary of the K. A. Timiryazev RGAU-MSHA, which was held on December 2-4, 2020. The collection of materials presents: on topical issues of the world economy and foreign economic activity of management in the agro-industrial complex, mathematics and applications, applied information technologies in agricultural economics and education, on the implementation of national projects and the possibility of using marketing tools and tools to ensure the economic security of agribusiness in the conditions of digitalization of the economy, on the state and development of agribusiness; agricultural relations and the agrarian economy of Russia, financial and tax policy of the agro-industrial complex in the digital economy, on the development of accounting and reporting in the information society, on state and municipal management, on philosophy and integrated communications, history and political science, pedagogy and psychology, on the problems of teaching foreign students, studying and teaching foreign and Russian languages, domestic and foreign science in the field of physical culture.

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46

Looney, Kristen E. Mobilizing for Development. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748844.001.0001.

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This book tackles the question of how countries achieve rural development and offers a new way of thinking about East Asia's political economy that challenges the developmental state paradigm. Through a comparison of Taiwan (1950s–1970s), South Korea (1950s–1970s), and China (1980s–2000s), the book shows that different types of development outcomes—improvements in agricultural production, rural living standards, and the village environment—were realized to different degrees, at different times, and in different ways. The book argues that rural modernization campaigns, defined as policies demanding high levels of mobilization to effect dramatic change, played a central role in the region and that divergent development outcomes can be attributed to the interplay between campaigns and institutions. The analysis departs from common portrayals of the developmental state as wholly technocratic and demonstrates that rural development was not just a byproduct of industrialization. The book's research is based on several years of fieldwork in Asia and makes a unique contribution by systematically comparing China's development experience with other countries. Relevant to political science, economic history, rural sociology, and Asian Studies, the book enriches our understanding of state-led development and agrarian change.

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47

Rudenko, Alexander, and Jerzy Kaspzhak, eds. THE Vth KHMYROVSKY CRIMINALISTIC READINGS. EurAsian Scientific Editions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56948/wjnz5207.

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On 17 December, 2021 the fifth applied research conference “Khmyrov Criminalistic Readings” was held in the premises of Kuban State University with participation of academic staff from the Russian Federation, near and far-abroad countries – Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Poland, Lithuania, on the occasion of the 45th anniversary of the establishment of the Criminalistics and Legal Informatics Department. The 2021 conference was one of the most representative in the history of this event. More than 100 applications from scholars all over the world were submitted to participate in the Conference. The Organising and Programme Committees of the Conference included representatives of the Police Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan), Almaty Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Baikal State University (Irkutsk, Russia), Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad, Russia), Belarusian State University (Minsk, Belarus), University of Warmia and Mazury (Poland, Olsztyn), Kuban State University (Krasnodar, Russian Federation), Kuban State University (Moscow, Russia), Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar, Russian Federation), Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar, Russia), Bolashak Academy in Karaganda (Karaganda, Kazakhstan), Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Krasnodar, Russia), Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), National Research Tomsk State University (Moscow, Russia). Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), National Research Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia), Tula State University (Tula, Russia), Tajik State University of Law, Business and Politics (Khujand, Tajikistan), Mykolas Romeris University (Vilnius, Lithuania), Udmurt State University (Izhevsk, Russia). The purpose of the conference was to perpetuate the scientific heritage of the outstanding Russian scientist, founder of Kuban school of criminalistics Alexander A. Khmyrov (1925-2017) and to elaborate new approaches to the development of criminalistics, forensic expertise, criminal intelligence and surveillance, evidentiary process and other applied branches of legal knowledge. Since the time the conference was held for the first time in 2017, certain areas of scientific research have taken shape where the leading scientists share their findings. The conference invariably attracts attention of Russian and foreign criminalists, experts in the field of evidence, researchers in the sphere of forensic examination and criminal intelligence, information technologies in law enforcement and investigative activities, current employees of pretrial investigation agencies, prosecutors, practicing lawyers. Summaries of proceedings of each conference, containing the main theses of papers and presentations discussed, were published. The conference themes were as follows: 1) Modern problems of criminalistics; 2) Criminalistic aspects of evidentiary process; 3) Trends in development of forensic science; 4) Current issues of criminal intelligence. 5) Interdisciplinary links in forensic science. The conference was distinguished by its focus on discussion of the raised problems and free discourse on a wide range of opinions on the issues under consideration, with strict observance of scientific ethics. The interdisciplinary nature and the breadth of covered fundamental and practical issues made the conference attractive for specialists from Russia and foreign countries representing various scientific fields. In the course of the conference, it became possible to find solutions to many complex scientific challenges and dilemmas owing to the well-coordinated work of the organising committee and the speakers.

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48

Gilfoyle, Timothy J., ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Urban History. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190853860.001.0001.

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The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Urban History synthesizes three generations of urban historical scholarship, providing a thematic and chronological overview of American urban history from the pre-Columbian era until the beginning decades of the twenty-first century. The 92 articles collected here describe and analyze the transformation of the United States from a simple agrarian and small-town society to a complex urban and suburban nation. Each essay has been authored, peer-reviewed, and edited by scholars expert in the field, offering a reliable, historiographically informed examination of a specific subject in American urban history. The encyclopedia differs from previous publications by providing semi-structured, synoptic articles ranging from 6,000 to 8,000 words or more. The articles are divided into three parts: 1. an accessible narrative overview of an important issue in American urban history; 2. a brief historiographical summary of significant writers and publications on the subject; and 3. a short introduction to essential primary sources. This tri-part format allows each article to serve multiple audiences: those who simply want an informed an intelligent introduction to a given topic; those interested in identifying the leading publications on a specific subject; and those interested in performing detailed research on the topic at hand.

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49

Thompson, Lonnie G., and Alan L. Kolata. Twelfth Century AD. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0008.

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Climate is a fundamental and independent variable of human existence. Given that 50 percent of the Earth’s surface and much of its population exist between 30oN and 30oS, paleoenvironmental research in the Earth’s tropical regions is vital to our understanding of the world’s current and past climate change. Most of the solar energy that drives the climate system is absorbed in these regions. Paleoclimate records reveal that tropical processes, such as variations in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have affected the climate over much of the planet. Climatic variations, particularly in precipitation and temperature, play a critical role in the adaptations of agrarian cultures located in zones of environmental sensitivity, such as those of the coastal deserts, highlands, and altiplano of the Andean region. Paleoclimate records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 masl) in highland Peru that extend back ~1800 years show good correlation between precipitation and the rise and fall of pre-Hispanic civilizations in western Peru and Bolivia. Sediment cores extracted from Lake Titicaca provide independent evidence of this correspondence with particular reference to the history of the pre-Hispanic Tiwanaku state centered in the Andean altiplano. Here we explore, in particular, the impacts of climate change on the development and ultimate dissolution of this altiplano state.

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50

Gunn, Geoffrey C. Rice Wars in Colonial Vietnam. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881815554.

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This book offers the first detailed English-language examination of the Great Vietnamese Famine of 1945, which left at least a million dead, and links it persuasively to the largely unexpected Viet Minh seizure of power only months later. Drawing on extensive research in French archives, Geoffrey C. Gunn offers an important new interpretation of Japanese–Vichy French wartime economic exploitation of Vietnam’s agricultural potential. He analyzes successes and failures of French colonial rice programs and policies from the early 1900s to 1945, drawing clear connections between colonialism and agrarian unrest in the 1930s and the rise of the Viet Minh in the 1940s. Gunn asks whether the famine signaled a loss of the French administration’s “mandate of heaven,” or whether the overall dire human condition was the determining factor in facilitating communist victory in August 1945. In the broader sweep of Vietnamese history, including the rise of the communist party, the picture that emerges is not only one of local victimhood at the hands of outsiders—French and, in turn, Japanese— but the enormous agency on the part of the Vietnamese themselves to achieve moral victory over injustice against all odds, no matter how controversial, tragic, and contested the outcome. As the author clearly demonstrates, colonial-era development strategies and contests also had their postwar sequels in the “American war,” just as land, land reform, and subsistence-sustainable development issues persist into the present.

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