Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agrégats'
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Ray, Cédric. "Etude des agrégats mixtes bicovalents." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10165.
Full textBraud, Isabelle. "Collisions agrégats-molécules : attachement, fragmentation, nanocalorimétrie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30187/document.
Full textThe experimental set-up developed in Toulouse enables to control collisions between a charged thermalised mass-selected free cluster and molecules. Processes of attachement of the molecule onto the cluster and collision induced fragmentation can be studied. In order to better understand the process of attachment of a molecule onto a cluster, we have measured attachment cross-sections of alcohol molecules, methanol and ethanol, onto alcohol clusters. We have observed a similar behaviour as the one observed with water clusters, that is attachment cross-sections that are lower than the geometrical cross-section at small sizes and that converge to this geometrical cross-section at bigger sizes. This behaviour had been assigned to a dynamical effect in the case of water. This dynamical model can be extended with a good qualitative agreement to alcohol clusters. Processes of attachment and fragmentation enable to realise nanocalorimetry measurements. We have determined heat capacities and transition temperatures for protonated water clusters (H2O)nH+. They complete measurements already done for deprotonated water clusters (H2O)n-1OH-. The nature of the phase transition is discussed. The last part of this dissertation concerns collision induced fragmentation for molecules that has some biological interest : protonated uracil, bare or hydrated. Fragmentation pathways of the protonated uracil molecule has been observed. The influence of the number of water molecules on the fragmentation pattern of solvated uracil is linked to the proton affinity of the constituants and to the cluster structure
Jiang, Ji. "Modélisation quantique des agrégats d'hélium dopés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861164.
Full textMalfatti, Edoardo. "Les myopathies congénitales avec agrégats protéiques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066364.
Full textCongenital myopathies are a heterogeneous group of inherited muscle disorders defined according to the characteristic morphologic lesions observed in the patient muscle biopsies. These lesions could be protein aggregates, cores, and an increased number of central nuclei. The clinical phenotype consists of hypotonia and muscle weakness from infancy, variably associated with other clinical characteristics. There is no specific treatment for these conditions. The congenital myopathies with protein aggregates are a subgroup of congenital myopathies characterized by aggregations of proteins in muscle. Morphological analysis of muscle can distinguish between nonspecific protein aggregations and/or well-defined inclusion bodies, patches or clusters. Mechanisms leading to protein aggregation still remain not completely elucidated. A deep morphological analysis could help in elucidating the events responsible for this phenomenon. Numerous gene loci or gene mutations have been identified in more than 20 forms of congenital myopathies. Nevertheless a large portion of affected patients is not mutated in the known genes. Several unknown entities remain to be discovered. To overcome this gap of knowledge novel approaches are being developed. One of the most promising is next generation or exome sequencing that consists in targeted re-sequencing of all coding sequences within the genome. This tool will surely help the discovery of new genes underlying these rare monogenic diseases. In this study we concentrated in affected by three different forms of congenital myopathies with protein aggregates with or without molecular diagnosis: Reducing Body Myopathy (RBM), Nemaline myopathy (NM) and Cap disease (CD). My activity was focused on three main axes: 1. - Morphological analysis and investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the appearance of the protein aggregates in patients with RBM and other phenotype associated with mutation in the FHL1 gene. 2. - Clinical and morphological characterisation of families affected by neonatal forms of NM and CD without a genetic characterization. 3. - Functional validation of protein expression of mutations in novel genes identified through next generation sequencing in families presenting with non-diagnosed congenital structural myopathy. In the first part of my study I analysed a group of eighteen patients presenting RBM and other phenotype associated with mutations in the FHL1 gene. FHL1 mutations have been associated with different disorders including reducing body myopathy (RBM), scapuloperoneal syndrome (X-SPM), X-linked myopathy with postural atrophy (XMPMA), Emery-Dreifuss-like muscular dystrophy (EDMD), isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and some overlapping conditions. I conducted a detailed histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and immunoelectron microscopy comparative analysis in 14 RBM (group 1), 3 EDMD, and one patient with HCM and muscular hypertrophy (group 2). The analysis of muscle biopsies in group 1 showed reducing bodies (RBs) associated with cytoplasmic bodies as a constant feature. RBs had a prominent FHL1 immunoreactivity. Desmin, alphaB-crystallin and myotilin immunoreactivity was observed surrounding RB. Under electron microscopy (EM), RBs were composed of electron dense tubulofilamentous material that progressively spreads between the myofibrils and around myonuclei. Using immunoelectron microscopy we demonstrated that FHL1 protein is found uniquely inside RBs. Samples from group 2 showed mild dystrophic abnormalities, without RBs. Only minor non-specific myofibrillar abnormalities were observed under EM. Molecular analysis revealed missense mutations in the 2nd FHL1 LIM domain in group 1 patients and ins/del or missense mutations within the 4th FHL1 LIM domain in patients from group 2. With this study I was able to expand the morphological features of RBM, clearly demonstrating the localization of FHL1 in RB, and further illustrating major morphological differences between different FHL1-related myopathies (Malfatti et al. , JNEN 2013). In the second part of the project we performed a deep morphological analysis in our cohort of more than 100 patients presenting a congenital myopathy and we identified homogeneous cohorts of patients presenting neonatal or antenatal onset congenital myopathies with protein aggregates. The exomes of a first group of five patients from four unrelated families presenting with different skeletal muscle pathologies, including a fatal nemaline myopathy with neonatal onset, arthrogryposis and severe respiratory failure, a severe congenital myopathy with internal nuclei and myofibrillar desorganization were sequenced (analysis conducted by Jocelyn Laporte group. ANR Programme Blanc Edition 2011: Identification of novel genes implicated in structural congenital myopathies by exome sequencing to Dr Jocelyn Laporte, IGBMC, UMR7104 INSERM, Illkirch, France, and Dr Norma Beatriz Romero, Unité de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, CHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière). This analysis leads to the identification of autosomal recessive RYR1 mutations in in three patients with different clinical and histological features. RYR1 codes for the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor, a key player in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. The two other sporadic patients with fatal neonatal myopathy were found to harbor mutations in NEB, encoding the contractile unit scaffold protein nebulin. We therefore demonstrated that a deep morphological analysis of patients presenting severe neonatal forms of congenital myopathies could help in the orientation toward a specific genetic diagnosis. This study confirmed that congenital myopathies present with broad genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and that Exome sequencing is a fast and efficient diagnostic tool, especially for large genes (Bohm, Vasli, Malfatti et al. PlosONE 2013). The deep morphological analysis conducted for the identification of homogenous cohorts to be screened by exome analysis allowed the identification of some peculiar and morphologically unique patients. One of this presented a striking combination of cap structures and typical nemaline bodies in his muscle biopsy. This histological association was never reported before. Exome sequencing analysis revealed a recurrent mutation of TPM3 gene. The a-tropomyosin (TM) slow gene, TPM3, codes for a thin filament protein expressed uniquely in type I muscle fibres. The latter belongs to a highly conserved family of actin-binding proteins (TM) that plays important roles in a wide range of cellular process. Tropomyosin is essential for the regulation of muscle contraction. A lack of or an abnormal tropomyosin could explain muscle atrophy and weakness. However the exact mechanisms leading to muscle weakness remains unclear. Mutations in TPM3 have been associated with three distinct and separate histological pattern: nemaline myopathy (NM), myopathy identified as congenital fibre-type disproportion (CFTD) and, more recently, cap disease. These extremely variable histological patterns spanning from protein inclusions (e. G. Rods and caps) to an isolated defect of type 1 fibres, have been encountered only separately. The identification of a patient presenting a unique association of caps and rods allowed us to enlarge the morphological spectrum TPM3 mutated patients, and tightens the histological boundaries of TPM3-related myopathies (Malfatti et al. , Neuromuscular Disorders 2013). The exomes sequencing, successively confirmed by dHPLC/Sanger-sequencing, in a group of fourteen patients with different clinical form of Nemaline myopathies lead to the identifications of autosomal recessive mutations in the nebulin (NEB) gene. To better characterize this group of patients we performed a detailed muscle morphological analysis of this cohort of fourteen NEB-mutated patients to define pathological patterns and clinical-morphological correlations. Four groups were identified according to clinical severity and age at biopsy. Group 1 (n=4) comprises severe/lethal NM and biopsy in first days. Group 2 (n=5) comprehends severe NM and biopsy after one month. Group 3 (n=3) comprises typical NM and biopsy in childhood, and group 4 (n=2) patients with mild NM and biopsy in adulthood. Biopsies underwent histoenzymological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Fiber type distribution, rod characteristics, distribution and localization were investigated. All patients presented NEB mutations consistent with AR inheritance. G1 failed to show type 1 fiber predominance and had scattered squared rods in 1/3 of fibers. Ultrastructural analysis revealed high percentage of fibers with sarcomeric disarray. G2 showed a variable pattern of fiber type distribution spanning from slight type 2 predominance to type 1 uniformity. Rods presented variable distribution and shape. Ultrastructural analysis revealed rare fibers with sarcomeric disarray. In contrast, G3 and G4 presented a homogeneous type 1 uniformity associated with well-delimited subsarcolemmal and/or cytoplasmic elongated rods without sarcomeric alterations. In conclusions we 1) identified an unreported absence of type 1 predominance in muscle biopsy of new-borns patients presenting severe NEB-related NM; 2) suggest a direct correlation between the association of sarcomeric disarray and clinical severity. The presence of well-delimited clusters of rods in milder affected subjects suggests a muscle self-protective response against rod diffusion/propagation (Malfatti et al. In preparation). The third part of the study concern the deep clinical and morphological analysis of family presenting mutations in a new gene identified through Exome sequencing effectuated by the team of Dr Nigel Clarke/Pr Kathrin North, University of Sidney. I performed a peer clinical, morphological, immunofluorescence (IF) and ultrastructural analysis of this family. Furthermore I proceeded to an IF screening using a panel of different antibodies raised against the protein coded by the newly identified gene on muscle biopsy from our cohort of patient (N=20) presenting similar phenotype/morphotype. IF analysis showed an absence of the protein expression on the muscle biospies from mutated patients. On the contrary we failed to show a reduced protein expression in the biopsied muscle of the other patients. The results of these two studies are preliminary confidential data
Frka-Petesic, Bruno. "Agrégats de nanoparticules magnétiques auto-assemblées." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066626.
Full textGiglio, Eric. "Dynamique moléculaire dans les agrégats métalliques fortement excités: Approche semiclassique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003663.
Full textPeche, Georges Arielle. "Physiopathologie de la myopathie à agrégats tubulaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ008/document.
Full textTubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is a genetic disorder characterized by tubular aggregates in muscle biopsies of patients. Our team identified for the first time mutations in STIM1 as causative of this disease. STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) is the main calcium (Ca2+) sensor of the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). Following Ca2+ depletion of the ER/SR, STIM1 unfolds, oligomerizes and migrates close to the plasma membrane (PM) to activate the Ca2+ channel ORAI1, leading to Ca2+ entry. This mechanism is the «store-operated Ca2+ entry» (SOCE). Several teams report a mutation in STIM1 (p.R304W) leading to TAM associated with other symptoms, described as Stormorken syndrome. Therefore, this work aims to assess and compare the impact of TAM and Stormorken mutations at different stages of the SOCE pathway. We show that TAM and Stormorken mutations lead to an increase expression of the protein, a constitutive STIM1 clustering near the PM, to ORAI1 constitutive recruitment and to the activation of a Ca2+ -dependent pathway: the NFAT pathway
Daligault, Jérôme. "Dynamique électronique femtoseconde dans les agrégats métalliques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10256.
Full textParneix, Caroline. "Agrégats colloïdaux destinés au renforcement des élastomères." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2089.
Full textDugourd, Philippe. "Structure et dynamique des petits agrégats métalliques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10025.
Full textKoepf, Matthieu. "Agrégats multi-porphyriniques pour la conduite photonique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13030.
Full textCorral, Valero Manuel. "Simulation ab initio de nano-agrégats métalliques supportés." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091925.
Full textVezin-Pintar, Brigitte. "Etude des propriétés électroniques des petits agrégats alcalins." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10012.
Full textFranck, Rabilloud. "Etute théorique et expérimentale des agrégats de bromure d'argent." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006320.
Full textFarizon, Michel. "Agrégats d'hydrogène - Structure et interaction avec des cibles solides." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795192.
Full textDeb, Arpan. "Lacunes chargées, étude dans des nano-agrégats de silicium." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744666.
Full textPoteau, Romuald. "Structure, thermodynamique et spectroscopie de petits agrégats de sodium." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30044.
Full textRabilloud, Franck. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des agrégats de bromure d'argent." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30152.
Full textIftner, Christophe. "Modélisation de complexes et agrégats moléculaires en matrice cryogénique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30160/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the development and applications of an hybrid quantum-classical formalism in order to describe the electronic structure of an active system in a cryogenic environment (cluster or rare gas matrix). The quantum description of the electronical structure of the active system is based on a a tight-binding approximation of the density functional theory, with self-consistency regarding the charges (SCC-DFTB). The rare gaz environment is described via classical atom-atom potential (FF). The interaction between the active system and the atoms of the cryogenic environment is represented by local anisotropic matricial electron-atom operators, as well as by polarisation and dispersion contributions. Operators and interaction parameters are extracted from post Hartree-Fock \textit{ab initio} calculations (CCSD-T) of active atom/argon atom pairs. The applications involve hydrocarbons, isolated water clusters or hydrocarbon/water complexes in interaction with argon clusters or matrices. The model has been validated on small systems (C6H6 molecule, H2O molecule) in interaction with argon atoms and clusters. We have been able to determine structural and energetic data for (C6H6)Arn (n < 55) clusters which are benchmarked against ab initio results (DFT,CCSD-T) for the smaller sizes, or with respect to FF calculations, available in the literature, for larger sized clusters. The model enables to treat various electronic situations, allows in particular to determine the evolution of the ionization potentials of the active system as a function of the inert cluster size. The SCC-DFTB/FF model has then been applied to water molecules and water nano-clusters (H2O)n (n=2-6) embedded in argon matrices, represented by finite size cristal pieces of the face centered cubic lattice. Structural and energetical data have been obtained. Molecular dynamics studies have enabled the determination of finite temperature infrared (IR) spectra. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental spectra of the water monomer embedded in the matrix validates the SCC-DFTB/FF approach. The case of the water hexamer (H2O)6, the smallest cluster presenting a three-dimensional structure and caracterized by several low-energy isomers, has been investigated exhaustively : the effect of the matrix on the structures of some isomers has been shown as well as differential effects on their respective stabilities. An influence on IR lines positions has also been highlighted. Our theoretical study allows for a satisfactory interpretation of the experimental data for the smallest clusters (n<4). The assignment of the experimental spectra of the hexamer remains in discussion. Finally, preliminary results on structures, energetics and finite temperature IR spectra have been obtained for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) /water complexes. The results for the complexes are discussed in relation with experimental data obtained in the team of Joëlle Mascetti at the Institute of Molecular Sciences (University of Bordeaux I), in the context of an ANR collaborative project (ANR PARCS no 13-BS08-0005). The thesis has been co-financed by the CNRS Institute of Physics and Conseil Regional of Region Midi-Pyrénées
Dontot, Léo. "Propriétés structurales et spectroscopiques des agrégats d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4526/.
Full textModeling of neutral or cationic molecular clusters remains a challenge in ab initio approaches as soon as the molecules involved are large or when their number exceed several units. We develop, in this thesis, a mixed method based on the combination of the DFTB method, an approximation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), with a Configuration Interaction (CI). This method (DFTB-CI) provides an original and efficient approach to obtain a correct description of the charge resonance within cationic clusters. The application to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons clusters is of interest in various fields such as physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium, chemistry of the atmosphere and also combustion processes. This work has enabled the description of structural properties of the ground state of neutral and cationic clusters of pyrene and coronene containing up to ten molecules. A multi-method strategy has been implemented in order to efficient search for the most stable structures with the global exploration algorithm "Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo". In addition to the structural properties, we have determined the quantities characterizing the stability of these clusters (binding and dissociation energies) as well as their electronic properties such as the dependency of the ionization potentials on the size in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, we propose an extension to the DFTB-CI model in order to compute the excited states of molecular clusters. The results on dimers are found in good agreement with ab initio calculations. An application to small cationic clusters of benzene and pyrene presents the determination of their electronic absorption spectra
Roth, Fanny. "Les agrégats de PABPN1 dans la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS342.pdf.
Full textOculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late onset autosomal genetic disease characterized by a restrictive muscle weakness: pharyngeal muscles (including cricopharyngeal muscle (CPM)) as well as eyelid muscles are primarly affected leading to swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and eyelid drooping (ptosis) respectively. This disease stems from a short polyalanine expansion in the Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 (PABPN1) leading to the formation of nuclear aggregates in the muscle of OPMD patients. The objectives of this study are : 1/ to characterize PABPN1 nuclear aggregates on human muscle biopsies to evaluate if age and genotype influence their features and 2/ to assess the efficacy of the anti-aggregates molecule guanabenz (GA) on mammalian models of OPMD. The results show that aging and genotype of OPMD patients influence the size, the percentage or the composition of nuclear aggregates. Treatment of cellular and mouse model of OPMD with guanabenz allows a diminution in the percentage and the size of nuclear aggregates as well as an improvement of the mice muscle phenotype. GA acts through the unfolded protein response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) showing for the first time that ER stress is activated in OPMD. This study suggestes that the use of pharmacological molecules modulating notably ER stress is a promising strategy to treat OPMD
Portemont, Céline. "Etude de l'anisotropie d'échange dans des agrégats de cobalt nanométriques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120880.
Full textLe couplage d'échange F/AF est d'abord étudiée sur une assemblée d'agrégats de cobalt de différentes densités, couplés à un matériau AF (CoO ou NiO) sous forme de couche mince ou de coquille. L'effet maximum est obtenu lorsque la couche AF est continue, soit par contact direct entre agrégats oxydés, soit via une couche mince AF.
Enfin, des mesures utilisant la technique micro-SQUID ont pour la première fois permis de mettre en évidence le phénomène de couplage d'échange sur un agrégat de cobalt unique couplé à un AF. Les agrégats de cobalt oxydés ou non sont déposés sur une couche mince de CoO puis recouverts d'une couche de niobium supraconducteur dans laquelle sont gravées les boucles micro-SQUIDs. Ces mesures montrent que le couplage d'échange est présent même si le système F/AF n'est pas refroidi sous un champ magnétique. Elles mettent aussi en évidence que chaque agrégat possède sa propre anisotropie d'échange, dont la direction et le sens sont fixés par l'anisotropie locale de l'AF.
CAILLAUD, tony. "ÉTUDE EXPÉRIMENTALE DE L'ÉMISSION X ISSUE DE L'INTERACTION LASER-AGRÉGATS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008470.
Full textPICARD, Yan. "Dynamique de fragmentation induite par collision de petits agrégats métalliques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008482.
Full textGaillard, Laura. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des agrégats d'enrobés compactés non saturés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/laura_gaillard_2019_ED269.pdf.
Full textReclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) comes from the demolition of pavements. Its reuse is an alternative to virgin materials, to reduce the environmental impact. The ORRAP project develops a cold recycling without binder addition, in base and subbase layers of low traffic pavements. The traffic solicitations lead to damages: the rutting and the fatigue cracking. The objective of this thesis is to study the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of RAP. A series of triaxial tests was carried out at several temperatures, water contents and frequencies. The experimental work allowed to characterise permanent and resilient behaviours. Based on experimental results, the resilient behaviour was described by a first non-linear elastic analytical model, and then by a second viscoelastic analytical model. Using the discrete element method, numerical simulations with a viscoelastic contact model predicted the resilient modulus. Finally, two full scale test sections were built
Baguenard, Bruno. "Etude par spectroscopie laser des petits agrégats de métaux réfractaires." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10341.
Full textGayet, Florence. "Agrégats moléculaires en liquides ioniques et réactivité dans ces milieux." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30286.
Full textIonic liquids (IL) are salts essentially composed of solely organic cations and anions. Some of these compounds exist in the liquid phase over a range of temperatures very close to ambient conditions (below 100 °C), commonly known as "Room Temperature IL". Their properties can be readily modified by a suitable choice of cation/anion. Ionic liquids are becoming more popular in today's chemistry owing to the fact that they are greener than conventional organic solvents. Molecular aggregates resulting from self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules lead to the formation of objects of different forms and natures such as micelles, vesicles, lyotropic liquid crystals etc. These are known to be useful media for several chemical reactions and catalysis due to the fact that they exhibit high solubilisation capacities and usually give rise to both reactivity and selectivity enhancements. These organizations are normally obtained in water however for ionic liquids, water is absent, but yet they are cohesive enough to allow for such formations. The present work describes the use of IL as solvents for organic reactions and also for amphiphilic molecules aggregation. Initially a Heck coupling reaction using palladium salts derived from IL was investigated. Catalysts bearing counter ions with an IL moiety were synthesised and used in catalysis leading to good catalytic efficiency recovered during cycles. Design and structural studies of phospholipids vesicles (DPPC) in IL were then realised. Reverse microemulsions (IL in oil) were also prepared. Small angle neutron scattering studies supplied informations concerning the size and shape of droplets. Finally, the use of these nanoreactors (microheterogeneous systems) was tested via a Matsuda-Heck reaction which is both stereo- and regiospecific. Results in confined media (microemulsions) gave best results compared to those obtained for bulk IL
Sarfati, Alain. "Effets collectifs dans les agrégats d'alcalins. Evolution avec la taille." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077099.
Full textDe, La Rosa Zambrano Hector Manuel. "Fragmentation des agrégats dans le domaine inertiel de la turbulence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0109.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse the aggregation and fragmentation process of particle aggregates by turbulence, particularly fiber aggregates. What gives originality to our study is that the size of the aggregates and their constituent particles is within the inertial range of turbulence. The first experiments are devoted to characterize the friction force between fibers, for which we used a simplified model to measure the force necessay to puul out a fiber from a network. In the second experiments we characterized the effects of turbulence on aggregates. In order to achieve this, we used magnetic particle aggregates. In order to measure the size of the aggregates we performed a 3-D reconstruction of them. The experimental results are in very good agreement with our fragmentation model. Finally, in a third experiment we replaced the magnetic particles by flexible silicone fibers. A theoretical analysis based on the balance between aggregation and fragmentation, shows the existence of a transition threshold between the two regimes. Our experiments validate our aggregation/fragmentation model
Dubois, Vincent. "Simulations Monte Carlo de petits agrégats d'argent en solution aqueuse." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112164.
Full textWe have studied silver clusters in aqueous solution with the help of Monte Carlo simulations coupled with a Valence-Bond formalism. Silver aggregation has already been investigated, but the mechanism of this aggregation remains poorly known, especially it's the first steps. The aim of this present theoretical work has been to provide informations on the process of aggregation. We have investigated the following two points: The redox potential of the couples Agn(+)/Agn is an essential parameter of the interpretation of numerous reactions, like the photographic development. The potentials of the small clusters are not known. We have evaluated the difference of the redox potential between n=1 and n=2. For the calculation of redox potentials, we have compared three methods of free energy calculation. We have shown that the self-consistent histograms method is the most reliable in the case of mutation from a neutral into a cation. With the help of pulse radiolysis, Heinglein and co-workers have proposed the formation of Ag3(2+). The formation of Ag3(2+) seems mysterious because this cluster displays a large charge repulsion and only one valence electron. We have studied Ag3(2+) in water with geometrical constraints to limit the complexity of the potential. These preliminary works show that on the one hand this cluster is metastable in solution and on the other hand that the formation energy barrier is important. Therefore the reaction Ag(+) + Ag2(+) --> Ag3(2+) seems impossible at room temperature. However, simulations without any constraints may change this conclusion
Caillaud, Tony. "Étude expérimentale de l'émission X issue de l'interaction laser-agrégats." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12851.
Full textMaues, de Paula André. "Pour une meilleure compréhension de la myopathie à agrégats tubulaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5056.
Full textMyopathy with tubular aggregates (MTA) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of tubular aggregates in muscle biopsy. We found 15 cases of MAT in our registry including 13987 muscle biopsies performed over 35 years. Among them, there was a family of three patients that did not fit any of the previously described clinical groups of MTA, since they were asymptomatic with isolated hyperCKemia and positive contracture test. Our works revealed heterozygous mutations in the gene STIM1. These mutations localized in the gene portion that codes for the intraluminal EF-hand domain, leads to a constitutive activation of STIM1 with SOCE mecanism enhancement and consequent increase of the Ca2+ entry which was demonstrated using transfected myoblasts. We also revealed the mutation p.Arg304Trp in the coding sequencing of the CC1 domain of STIM1, as the cause of Stormorken syndrome. This fact increases the phenotypical spectra of the mutations for this gene.The results of our proteomic analysis show that the proteostasis in MTA is disturbed, because the proteome profile is different in total muscle of the patients and in their tubular aggregates when compared to controls. The enriched proteins belong to the biological pathways linked to ionic homeostasis, membrane systems of the triads and the exosome, and to the mitochondrial metabolism.Our works bring perspectives for the continuation of our studies, in order to better understand the physiopathology of the myopathy with tubular aggregates and propose efficacious therapeutic solutions
Mazuel, François. "Agrégats multicellulaires magnétiques : mécanique des tissus et biodégradation des nanomatériaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC309/document.
Full textIron oxide nanoparticles are promising candidates for applications in nanomedecine (contrast agents, vectors). They were also recently considered as a powerful tool for tissue engineering. Cells, magnetized through nanoparticules internalization, can be organized in space and time thanks to remote magnetic forces. For all those applications the nanoparticles fate inside the cells remains a key issue concerning the final clinical use. The first part of this work focuses on the study of the mechanical and rheological properties of biological tissue models, the multicellular aggregates. An original magnetic molding method and two different experimental setups were developed to produce aggregates with controlled shapes and sizes, to measure their surface tension and to evidence their power law and non linear behavior.In the second part, we investigate the medium term fate of iron oxide nanoparticles in stem cells forming a spheroid as a model tissue. We reveal a massive endosomal degradation. The set of methods and spheroid model we propose allow a comprehensive and quantitative follow up of the biodegradation of any nanomaterials. This was illustrated by investigating the degradation of nanomaterials with more complex nano-architectures (nanocubes, nanodimers) and assessing the efficiency of a protection strategy to modulate the biodegradation
Jorand, Frédéric. "Structure et propriétés hydrophobes des agrégats bactériens de boues activées." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0463_JORAND.pdf.
Full textSettling of microbial biomass formed during the "activated sludge" process is a key step of biological wastewater treatment. Its efficiency is know to be innuenced by filamentous bacteria. Besides this, evidence is present that this settleability is mainly governed by the physico-chemical structure of bacterial aggregates (" flocs"). Then, a better knowledge of the structure and the factors governing the floc formation is necessary to weil control the settling step. The hydrophobie character of activated sludge floc components has been studied to elucidated the effect on sludge settleability. Electronic microscopy and granulometric analysis of dispersed flocs, showed the heterogeneous structure. Flocs with an average diameter of 125 µm are constituted of 13 pm micro-aggregates and 2. 5 pm particles. Some of the micro-flocs are bacterial colonies. The flocs are shown to consist of bacteria along exo-cellular polymers. Polymers, extraeted by ultrasonication, are found to be composed of proteins, sugars and DNA. Adsorption chromatography in acidic conditions with no ionic resins, showed the hydrophobie character of the soluble heteropolymers constitutiIig the floc matrix. By using the microbial adhesion test to octane, we demonstrated that "hydrophobie" and "hydrophilic" bacteria coexist into the sludges. The "hydrophobic / hydrophilic" character of some of these strains, changes as a funetion of the environmental parameters (nutrient load, oxygen concentration,. . . ). The control of these parameters should be able by favouring the hydrophobic bacterial populations, or/and the production of hydrophobic polymers, to product flocs with good settleability. However, measurements of "biosorption" of organic matter in wastewater by activated sludges, comparing with other floc characteristics, showed that the floes with the nicest structure (best settlement), present the lower adsorption ability. AIso, it is necessary to find a compromise between the best settleability of sludge and the best biosorption properties
Jorand, Frédéric. "Structure et propriétés hydrophobes des agrégats bactériens de boues activées." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0463_JORAND.pdf.
Full textSettling of microbial biomass formed during the "activated sludge" process is a key step of biological wastewater treatment. Its efficiency is know to be innuenced by filamentous bacteria. Besides this, evidence is present that this settleability is mainly governed by the physico-chemical structure of bacterial aggregates (" flocs"). Then, a better knowledge of the structure and the factors governing the floc formation is necessary to weil control the settling step. The hydrophobie character of activated sludge floc components has been studied to elucidated the effect on sludge settleability. Electronic microscopy and granulometric analysis of dispersed flocs, showed the heterogeneous structure. Flocs with an average diameter of 125 µm are constituted of 13 pm micro-aggregates and 2. 5 pm particles. Some of the micro-flocs are bacterial colonies. The flocs are shown to consist of bacteria along exo-cellular polymers. Polymers, extraeted by ultrasonication, are found to be composed of proteins, sugars and DNA. Adsorption chromatography in acidic conditions with no ionic resins, showed the hydrophobie character of the soluble heteropolymers constitutiIig the floc matrix. By using the microbial adhesion test to octane, we demonstrated that "hydrophobie" and "hydrophilic" bacteria coexist into the sludges. The "hydrophobic / hydrophilic" character of some of these strains, changes as a funetion of the environmental parameters (nutrient load, oxygen concentration,. . . ). The control of these parameters should be able by favouring the hydrophobic bacterial populations, or/and the production of hydrophobic polymers, to product flocs with good settleability. However, measurements of "biosorption" of organic matter in wastewater by activated sludges, comparing with other floc characteristics, showed that the floes with the nicest structure (best settlement), present the lower adsorption ability. AIso, it is necessary to find a compromise between the best settleability of sludge and the best biosorption properties
Pellegrin, Sophie. "Modèles de diffusion par des systèmes complexes : application aux agrégats." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066457.
Full textPuget, Pascale. "Distribution des matières organiques dans des agrégats de sols limoneux cultivés : conséquences sur la stabilité structurale des agrégats et sur la biodégradation des matières organiques." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120035.
Full textBenali, Hafida. "Étude théorique de l'ionisation d'agrégats métalliques simples par impact électronique." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Benali.Hafida.SMZ0111.pdf.
Full textIn this work, we studied the simple ionization of metal cluster with closed layers. We undertook our studies within the framework of model of the spherical jellium in which the ionic structure is ignored. We treated the system of fermions (delocalized electrons) on the one hand, in the approximation of the local density depending on the time TDLDA which takes account of the dynamic correlations. The study of the cross sections doubling differential in approximation TDLDA for various moments of transfer enabled us to show the importance of the collective effects and to identify three areas of transfered energy. With low energy, we observed the phenomenon of interference between direct ionization and the discrete excitations. Around 6eV, one observes the plasmon of volume which corresponds to a collective resonance of the electrons delocalized in all the volume of the cluster. In the end, with high energy, as in the case of the photoionization, an oscillatory behavior of the cross sections appear. We applied our model to cluster charged which are the subject of experiments, we could identify a law of scale checked by the cross sections doubling differential (DDCS) of cluster belonging at the same isoelectronic sequence
Piccolo, Christian-Laurent. "Réactivité d'agrégats de palladium supportés sur MgO(100) : adsorption du NO, réactions CO+NO et CO+O2." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22075.
Full textLequien, Florence. "Thermodynamique des agrégats bimétalliques : surface, volume et effet de taille finie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366428.
Full textPrigent, Christophe. "L'émission X : un outil et une sonde pour l'interaction laser - agrégats." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00008123.
Full textForget, Karolyn. "Les agrégats de la protéine p53 comportent certaines propriétés des prions." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6301.
Full textCottancin, Emmanuel. "Etude des agrégats de métaux trivalents : mécanismes d'évaporation et structure électronique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10130.
Full textRapacioli, Mathias. "Des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycliques à leurs agrégats : études observationnelles et théoriques." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30207.
Full textSpectro-imagery data obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory are analyzed applying the singular value decomposition method. This work shows that the emission is carried by PAHs and an additional population of aromatic Very Small Grains (VSGs). It was found that they produce free PAHs by photoevaporation leading to the PAH clusters hypothesis. A minimal size per cluster and a minimum UV absorption power for their dissociation were estimated. A parallel tempering Monte Carlo search of the structures with lowest energy of such clusters was performed adopting a classical potential energy. This work shows that the growth proceeds by stacking. A molecular dynamic model combining a classical and a quantum approach has been developed to study the PAH cluster growth. The comparison between the evaporation rate calculated using a statistical approach and the infrared emission rate allows to determine the astrophysical conditions favorable to the PAH clusters stability
Leygnier, Jérôme. "Stabilité des petits agrégats d'alcalins : dissipation de leur énergie par évaporation." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112353.
Full textGuirado, Lopez Ricardo Alberto. "Propriétés électroniques et magnétiques des petits agrégats de métaux de transition." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112072.
Full textGaudry, Mélanie. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine : effets de taille et de composition." Lyon 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/49/06/PDF/tel-00001513.pdf.
Full textRicardo, Chavez José Luis. "Etude théorique de la formation de moments magnétiques locaux et de l'effet Kondo dans les agrégats métalliques contenant des impuretés magnétiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30014.
Full textBonté, Christophe. "Caractérisation spectrale et temporelle de l'émission X issue de l'interaction laser - agrégats." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720164.
Full textWendling, Valentin. "Développement d'un système de caractérisation des agrégats et des flocs en suspension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU010/document.
Full textLittle is known about the processes that govern the evolution of suspended particle characteristics during their transport through a river basin. This is a main limitation for modelling erosion severity or suspended solids (SS) fluxes. It also leads to difficulties to propose management policies adapted to environmental legislation. Based on experiments in controlled environments, we have shown that soil particles tend to disaggregate in turbulent flows. The increase in SS concentration was associated to an increase of the disaggregation of SS particles, leading to smaller final particle sizes. Laboratory experiments also showed that the variability of the particle sizes due to their evolution over one hour was smaller than the variability due to the soil type from which the particles originated. However it is important to ensure that the suspended particles behave in the same way in natural conditions, where complex interactions between hydraulic, chemical and biological processes can influence their evolution. Up to now no measurement method allows measuring continuously the suspended sediment properties in highly concentrated fluids (from one to hundreds grams per liter), such as those observed in headwater catchments during runoff events. This severely limits the possibility to identify the processes that are important to consider in numerical models. The Aggregate and Floc Characterization System (SCAF) has been developed in order to measure SS properties for a wide range of SS concentrations. It was designed to be easily incorporated into sequential samplers. Immediately after the collection of a sample from the river, the sedimentation of the suspension is recorded by continuous measurements of the absorbance by a series of optical sensors. A method was proposed to processes the raw optical data in order to obtain the settling velocity distribution of the suspension. It also provides a flocculation index representing the tendency of the particles to flocculate during their sedimentation. The calculated settling velocity distributions were validated on a large range of materials and settling regimes in order to cover the natural variability of suspended sediments. For sediments that hardly flocculate during their sedimentation or are non-cohesive, the measurements of the SCAF were similar to those from other methods. In the case of suspensions that strongly flocculate during sedimentation, most of the classical methods give non-representative falling velocities. In this case, the optical property of the particles may vary during settling, affecting the optical measurement. The proposed method allowed quantifying the increase of settling velocity induced by flocculation, and provided confidence intervals for the settling velocities. For high SS concentrations ( > 10 g/l), a settling front can be formed during the sedimentation, which is well characterized by the SCAF. The measurement of the settling velocity distributions and of the flocculation index can be used to identify different particle populations (sand grains, flocs, individual particles) forming a suspension. Monitoring these properties in watersheds offers new insights to explore sediment connectivity within river basins and to optimize water management strategies