Dissertations / Theses: 'Agribusiness industry'

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Martens, Bradley P. "Compensation in agribusiness : the case of the retail fertilizer industry /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125013/.

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Carey, Christopher Miles. "The benefit of an effective safety program in the agribusiness industry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/503.

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Tullock, Zanele. "Capital constraint to entrepreneurial start-ups in South Africa's emerging agribusiness industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27122.

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This study is aimed at uncovering the capital constraints of emerging agribusinesses in South Africa. The goal of the research is to provide South African policy makers, programme administrators and development practitioners with information to make sound policy and programme decisions for the reduction of such constraints. The research also aims to make potential entrepreneurs aware of the importance of considering capital constraints to the start-up and growth of their businesses. This research was informed by the principles of qualitative research and is both exploratory and interpretative in nature. The research process comprised of two phases. The first phase constituted a sample of five experts from the finance-enabling environment (financial institutions); and the second phase was made up of twenty start-up entrepreneurs in the emerging agribusiness industry. The research found that barriers to accessing finance are largely due to lack of collateral, a poor credit record, inadequate business skills and communication problems between financiers and entrepreneurs. On the issue of what role the finance-enabling environment should play in reducing barriers to finance, findings from the research suggested more risk-taking by the financiers, relaxing the stringent credit assessment criteria, increasing the risk appetite and providing more for impairments or bad debts.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Jordaan, Daniel du Plessis Scheepers. "A critical analysis of the South African mohair marketing system in the evolving global agribusiness environment." Pretoria : [s. n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10162007-111447.

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Caleman, Silvia Morales de Queiroz. "Falhas de coordenação em sistemas agroindustriais complexos: uma aplicação na agroindústria da carne bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-30112010-154451/.

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A questão central dessa tese é entender as razões e a natureza das falhas de coordenação em sistemas agroindustriais complexos. A temática de falhas de coordenação é um problema multifacetado e complexo, representando um desafio para pesquisadores. Uma observação crítica das organizações leva à conclusão de que as falhas organizacionais, faceta visível das falhas de coordenação, são a regularidade no mundo organizacional. Essa constatação instiga e justifica esta pesquisa, sendo seu objeto de estudo a transação entre o produtor rural e a indústria frigorífica no Sistema Agroindustrial (SAG) da carne bovina. Especificamente, buscou-se estudar a razão e a natureza das falhas organizacionais a partir de diferentes aportes teóricos, com foco nas falhas de natureza institucional e informacional. Analisou-se o papel das instituições formais e informais para a resolução dos conflitos no SAG da carne bovina e as falhas na transmissão de incentivos ao longo de subsistemas de qualidade. Com base no suporte teórico oferecido pela Nova Economia Institucional, especialmente a Economia dos Custos de Transação, a Teoria do Agente-Principal e a Teoria dos Custos de Mensuração, desenvolveu-se três ensaios: dois ensaios empíricos e um ensaio teórico. O ensaio teórico explorou os determinantes da cooperação e das falhas de coordenação sob diferentes lentes e discutiu-se a necessidade de uma Teoria das Falhas. Um constructo analítico foi proposto e as dimensões de ordem institucional e informacional foram posteriormente exploradas nos ensaios empíricos. No primeiro ensaio empírico, considerou-se a dimensão institucional das falhas e investigou-se a falta de garantias na transação produtor indústria frigorífica no mercado spot. Analisou-se a cadeia de garantias da transação e, por meio de um modelo de regressão logit ordenado, investigou-se a relação da percepção de risco dos produtores com o padrão da transação e das suas garantias. No segundo ensaio empírico, baseado na dimensão informacional das falhas, analisou-se o papel das instituições formais e informais como mecanismos de incentivos não pecuniários em subsistemas estritamente coordenados. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um modelo analítico matemático e um modelo estratégico (jogo). Como consideração final, destacou-se a necessidade de uma Teoria das Falhas que contemple de modo integrativo todas as nuances desse fenômeno recorrente no mundo das organizações as falhas organizacionais. Concluiu-se, também, que as instituições formais e informais são variáveis relevantes para a minimização da ocorrência das falhas, seja por oferecer garantias à transação ou por representar mecanismos não pecuniários para a transferência de incentivos em subsistemas coordenados.
The core aspect of this thesis is the understanding of the reasons and the nature of coordination failures in complex agrisystems. The issue of coordination failure is a multifaceted and complex problem, posing a challenge to researchers. A critical observation of the real world leads to the conclusion that organizational failures, which are the observable face of coordination failures, are the regularity. This finding encourages and justifies this research. The object of analysis is the transaction between the farmer and the meatpacking industry in the beef agrisystem. The aim of this research is to study the reason and the nature of organizational failures from different theoretical frameworks, focusing on the institutional and the informational dimensions. The role of formal and informal institutions for conflict resolution in the beef system and the failures in the transmission of incentives along a quality subsystem were analyzed. Based on the theoretical support provided by New Institutional Economics, especially the Economics of Transaction Costs, the Principal-Agent Theory and the Theory of Measurement Cost, three papers were developed: two empirical and one theoretical. The theoretical one explored the determinants of cooperation and coordination failures from different lenses and discussed the need for a \"Theory of Failure.\" An analytical construct was proposed and the institutional and the informational dimensions were subsequently explored in empirical essays. In the first empirical essay, the institutional aspect was tackled and the lack of guarantees in the transaction under spot market coordination was investigated. The chain of guarantees of the transaction was analyzed and an ordered logit regression model was developed to investigate the producers risk perception related to the transaction and the guarantee pattern. In the second empirical essay, which was based on the informational dimension of failures, the role of formal and informal institutions as non-pecuniary incentive mechanisms in strictly coordinated subsystem was studied. For this purpose, an analytical mathematical model and a strategic model (game) were developed. As a final consideration, the need for a \"Theory of Failure\" was stressed. This theory might encompass in an integrated way all the aspects of this recurrent phenomenon of the world of organizations - the organizational failures. Also, it was concluded that formal and informal institutions are important variables to minimize the occurrence of failures, either by offering guarantees to the transaction or by representing mechanisms for non-pecuniary incentives along a coordinated subsystem.

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Carvalho, Fagner dos Santos [UNESP]. "O setor sucroenergético no Brasil: Estado, hegemonia e relações internacionais - o caso da UNICA no agribusiness internacional." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88771.

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Na teoria social, uma maneira de entender a relação que envolve grupos particulares e o Estado, quando a ação pública é voltada para o interesse privado, recebe o nome de hegemonia, um conceito desenvolvido pelo italiano Antonio Gramsci. Segundo Gramsci, é possível compreender o Estado como uma arena onde muitos grupos ou classes sociais tentam obter poder e atenção aos seus interesses. Em uma situação de hegemonia, um grupo ou grupos está tão entrelaçado com o governo que os seus interesses particulares são defendidos como se fossem parte do interesse público ou geral da nação. Esta é a grande vantagem para o grupo que alcança a hegemonia. Se a hegemonia é a estratégia, uma das táticas para obtê-la é o lobby. Lobby descreve as ações capazes de influenciar as áreas públicas de uma forma legal e moral, diferente de corrupção. A hegemonia, com as ferramentas do lobby, torna o Estado um soldado para proteger os grupos de uma forma ampla, pois as ameaças podem estar na própria sociedade ou advindos da área internacional. Olhando para o exterior, as relações internacionais e seus impactos domésticos, Robert Putnam, com sua Teoria dos Jogos de Dois Níveis, mostra uma maneira de compreender como o Estado, frente às oportunidades e riscos na área internacional para seus grupos nacionais, atua em negociações internacionais, tendo que lidar com as possibilidades de ratificação ou deserção de um acordo, dependendo de seu win set doméstico. Todas estas amplas questões teóricas são necessárias para compreender um aspecto do Brasil. Durante quase 500 anos de história nacional, um grupo tem sido parte da estrutura econômica, política e social do país. As atividades relacionadas...
In social theory, one way to understand the relationship involving particular groups and the State, when the public action is directed to private interest, gets the name of hegemony, a concept developed by the Italian Antonio Gramsci. According to Gramsci it’s possible to understand the State as an arena where many groups or social classes try to get power and attention to its interests. In a situation of hegemony a group or groups are so interlaced with the government that its particular interests are defended as if they were part of public or general interest of the nation. This is a great advantage to the group that gets the hegemony. If the hegemony is the strategy, one of the tactics to get it is the lobby. Lobby describes the actions able to influence the public areas in a legal and moral way, different from corruption. The hegemony, with the tools of lobby, makes the State a soldier to protect the groups in a large way, because the threats can stay between the society and came from the international area. Looking to abroad, the international relations and the national impacts of them, Robert Putnam with his “Two Level Game Theory”, shows a way to understand how the State, facing opportunities or risks to its national groups in international area, acts in international negotiations, dealing with the possibilities of ratification or defection of an agreement, according with its national win set. All this wide theoretical questions are necessary to realize an aspect of Brazil. During almost the 500 years of Brazilian history a group has been part of the economic, politic and social feature of the country. The sugar cane activity has been with Brazil since it was officially discovered by Portuguese. The group around this... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Carvalho, Fagner dos Santos. "O setor sucroenergético no Brasil : Estado, hegemonia e relações internacionais - o caso da UNICA no agribusiness internacional /." Marília : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88771.

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Orientador: Marcelo Fernandes de Oliveira
Banca: José Marangoni Camargo
Banca: Pedro Ramos
Resumo: Na teoria social, uma maneira de entender a relação que envolve grupos particulares e o Estado, quando a ação pública é voltada para o interesse privado, recebe o nome de hegemonia, um conceito desenvolvido pelo italiano Antonio Gramsci. Segundo Gramsci, é possível compreender o Estado como uma arena onde muitos grupos ou classes sociais tentam obter poder e atenção aos seus interesses. Em uma situação de hegemonia, um grupo ou grupos está tão entrelaçado com o governo que os seus interesses particulares são defendidos como se fossem parte do interesse público ou geral da nação. Esta é a grande vantagem para o grupo que alcança a hegemonia. Se a hegemonia é a estratégia, uma das táticas para obtê-la é o lobby. Lobby descreve as ações capazes de influenciar as áreas públicas de uma forma legal e moral, diferente de corrupção. A hegemonia, com as ferramentas do lobby, torna o Estado um soldado para proteger os grupos de uma forma ampla, pois as ameaças podem estar na própria sociedade ou advindos da área internacional. Olhando para o exterior, as relações internacionais e seus impactos domésticos, Robert Putnam, com sua "Teoria dos Jogos de Dois Níveis", mostra uma maneira de compreender como o Estado, frente às oportunidades e riscos na área internacional para seus grupos nacionais, atua em negociações internacionais, tendo que lidar com as possibilidades de ratificação ou deserção de um acordo, dependendo de seu win set doméstico. Todas estas amplas questões teóricas são necessárias para compreender um aspecto do Brasil. Durante quase 500 anos de história nacional, um grupo tem sido parte da estrutura econômica, política e social do país. As atividades relacionadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In social theory, one way to understand the relationship involving particular groups and the State, when the public action is directed to private interest, gets the name of hegemony, a concept developed by the Italian Antonio Gramsci. According to Gramsci it's possible to understand the State as an arena where many groups or social classes try to get power and attention to its interests. In a situation of hegemony a group or groups are so interlaced with the government that its particular interests are defended as if they were part of public or general interest of the nation. This is a great advantage to the group that gets the hegemony. If the hegemony is the strategy, one of the tactics to get it is the lobby. Lobby describes the actions able to influence the public areas in a legal and moral way, different from corruption. The hegemony, with the tools of lobby, makes the State a soldier to protect the groups in a large way, because the threats can stay between the society and came from the international area. Looking to abroad, the international relations and the national impacts of them, Robert Putnam with his "Two Level Game Theory", shows a way to understand how the State, facing opportunities or risks to its national groups in international area, acts in international negotiations, dealing with the possibilities of ratification or defection of an agreement, according with its national win set. All this wide theoretical questions are necessary to realize an aspect of Brazil. During almost the 500 years of Brazilian history a group has been part of the economic, politic and social feature of the country. The sugar cane activity has been with Brazil since it was officially discovered by Portuguese. The group around this... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Sanon, Ernica. "The Economic Impact of Non-Dairy Alternative Milk Beverages on the United States Dairy Industry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1147.

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Inspired by the sudden recent incline in and awareness of veganism as well as my own personal involvement in such matters, I sought out to complete an empirical analysis to study the impact of consumer preferences. Originally intrigued by the consumption of meat and its impact on developing countries, I opted for a related topic with better accompanying data. Consumer preferences change regularly with an increasing plethora of reasons behind their decisions. As the guiding force of the demand side of the market, it was vital to study the impact of their choices. My decision to use plant-based milk was meant to be a proxy for consumers who could not consume dairy. To my surprise, the force behind the increase in plant-based milk consumption was not propelled by those with alternative lifestyles but regular consumers who wanted healthier and better-tasting options. Further analysis has led me to look past consumers themselves and their individual choices to identify the impacts of their choices. This required an intricate look into the United States dairy industry and its composition. What is recorded within the next 45 pages is a delicate web of outcomes spun by the needs of consumers. It branches out into the lives of small dairy farmers who cannot compete with larger farms. It spins out to form a massive web of increasing profit for the plant-based milk industry. It creates a loss in the whole milk sector of the dairy industry only to be filled by the organic and specialty sectors. While they can be guided into choices through various forms of advertisement, the world has changed since the introduction of modern economics, and consumers are learning to utilize the products that fit their lifestyles. Gone are the days of passive consumption and food pyramids. Information has never been as readily available as it is today, with the help of the internet and independent researchers, and consumers have chosen to use this to their advantage.

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Kalaki, Rafael Bordonal. "Uma proposta de plano estratégico para o setor citrícola brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-23072014-150722/.

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A laranja é das frutíferas a mais cultivada, conhecida e estudada no mundo. No Brasil, a fruta foi introduzida logo no início da colonização e foi se expandindo por todo o território, seguindo os caminhos da cafeicultura. Na década de 1980, o Brasil tornou-se o maior produtor mundial de laranja, não só em termos de produção, mas também em tecnologia, isso graças à união de uma citricultura extremamente eficiente e desenvolvida, aliada a uma indústria competitiva. Atualmente, a citricultura brasileira conta com aproximadamente 12 mil produtores de laranja, espalhados por mais de 800 mil hectares, cultivando 165 milhões de árvores, gerando em 2009, um PIB do setor de US$ 6,5 bilhões e o faturamento bruto da cadeia produtiva de US$ 14,6 bilhões. A citricultura também arrecadou em 2009, cerca de US$ 190 milhões em impostos para o Estado brasileiro, gerou cerca de 230 mil postos de trabalho, movimentando assim uma massa salarial de R$ 676 milhões (NEVES et al., 2010; IBGE, 2006; 2010). A produção brasileira de suco de laranja representa 53% da produção mundial, sendo que 98% do que é produzido no país é exportado, conferindo ao Brasil, 78% de participação no mercado mundial, o que representa dizer que de cada 5 copos de laranja tomados no mundo, três foram produzidos no Brasil (NEVES et al., 2012). Apesar da superioridade brasileira na produção de suco de laranja, o setor vem passando por algumas preocupações, como a alta dependência do mercado externo, a queda no consumo de suco de laranja nos principais mercados consumidores e importadores brasileiros, crescimento de novas bebidas inovadoras que competem com o suco de laranja, falta de posicionamento e visão estratégica do sistema agroindustrial no Brasil, aumento dos custos agrícolas e industriais brasileiros, pragas e doenças que vêm assolando os pomares, entre outros problemas. Desta forma, diante dos problemas expostos, o estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de plano estratégico para o sistema agroindustrial citrícola brasileiro, visando à proposição de projetos estratégicos que buscam mitigar os problemas enfrentados e fortalecer o sistema agroindustrial. Para desenhar o plano foi utilizado o método de Planejamento e Gestão Estratégica de Sistemas Agroindustriais (GESis), desenvolvido por Neves (2008). O estudo caracteriza-se como de natureza exploratória sendo uma pesquisa qualitativa, para tanto foram realizadas análises de dados secundários e dados primários que foram coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade baseadas em um roteiro semiestruturado. As análises foram realizadas cruzando-se os resultados dos dados primários obtidos nas entrevistas, com os dados secundários e a teoria estudada. Como resultados apresentou-se um plano estratégico específico para o sistema agroindustrial citrícola. No plano estratégico foram propostos objetivos estratégicos quantificáveis para o sistema agroindustrial citrícola e treze projetos que auxiliarão na busca pelos objetivos estratégicos e para mitigar os efeitos negativos vivenciados pelo setor e fortalecê-lo.
Orange is the most known, cultivated and studied fruit worldwide. In Brazil, the fruit was introduced in the early colonization, expanding throughout the country and following the paths of coffee production. In the 80s, Brazil became the world\'s largest orange producer, not only in terms of production, but also in technology due to the union of a developed and extremely efficient citrus industry combined with a competitive industry. Currently the Brazilian citrus industry has approximately 12 thousand orange producers spread over 800 thousand hectares, cultivating 165 million trees, creating in 2009 a GDP of US$ 6.5 billion with the gross sales of the production chain totaling US$ 14.6 billion. The citrus industry also raised in 2009 around US$ 190 million in taxes to the Brazilian state, generating about 230 thousand jobs, moving a payroll of US$ 676 million (NEVES et al, 2010; IBGE, 2006; 2010). Brazilian orange juice production represents 53% of world production and 98% of what is produced in the country is exported, giving Brazil 79% of global market share, which means that for every 5 glasses of orange juice taken in the world, three were produced in Brazil (NEVES et al., 2012). Despite Brazilian superiority in the production of orange juice, the industry has been going through some concerns such as high dependence on external market, fall in the consumption of orange juice in the main consumer markets and Brazilian importers, growth of new innovative beverages that compete with orange juice, lack of strategic vision and positioning of the agribusiness system in Brazil, rise of Brazilian agricultural and industrial costs, pests and diseases that have been devastating orchards among other problems. Concerning the problems above, the study aims to present a proposal of a strategic plan for the Brazilian citrus agribusiness system in order to propose strategic projects that aim to mitigate the problems faced and to strengthen the agribusiness system. To design the plan, it was used Planning and Strategic Management of Agribusiness Systems method (GESis) developed by Neves (2008). The nature of the study is exploratory and the research is qualitative. In order to do so, analyzes of secondary data and primary data that were collected through in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured interview were carried out. These analyzes were performed by crossing the results of primary data obtained through interviews with the secondary data and the theory studied. As a result, a specific strategic plan for citrus agribusiness system was presented. In the strategic plan, it was proposed strategic objectives for citrus agribusiness system and thirteen projects that will assist in the search for strategic objectives, mitigating the negative effects experienced by the agroindutrial system and strengthening it.

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Ekblom, Mikaela. "Challenges Facing Food Processing MSEs in Tanzania : A Qualitative Case Study of the Sunflower Oil Industry in Babati, Manyara." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30289.

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Food processing micro- and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) play an important role in the national economic development of Tanzania. Though many of them have great growth potential, they face a number of constraints hindering further development, and large amounts of cooking oil are imported each year. The aim of thesis has therefore been to identify and analyse the different factors affecting these MSEs in order to find out which the major growth challenges are. The case study is mainly based on individual semi-structured interviews with sunflower oil processors and farmers in Babati districts, conducted in February and March 2016, and earlier research and studies on the topic of MSE growth make up the theoretical framework used for analysis of the data. The findings show that there are indeed numerous challenges facing these processors, and the major constraint was found to be lack of capital; an issue causing or worsening a majority of the other challenges at hand. Other problems are related to raw material, equipment & electricity for processing, regulations, market accessibility, and competition. These obstacles need to be overcome in order to enable the industry's expansion within and outside of Tanzania, and further research is recommended.

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Sampaio, Mateus de Almeida Prado. "Aceleração do tempo e encurtamento das distâncias - o histórico papel das técnicas no processo de interiorização e modernização da canavicultura paulista: séculos XVI a XXI." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-22122010-143613/.

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O objeto de análise nesta dissertação de mestrado é a cana-de-açúcar. A área abordada é o Estado de São Paulo, e o período, desde sua implantação até os dias atuais. Basicamente dois focos são abordados: o histórico de interiorização dessa cultura agrícola, e o padrão tecnológico em seus campos empregado. Buscou-se interrelacionar os distintos períodos históricos com suas respectivas territorializações e regionalizações. Em seguida é dado maior ênfase no processo de mecanização das atividades vinculadas ao sistema de \"CCT (corte, carregamento e transporte)\" da cana.
The object of analysis in this dissertation is the sugarcane. The area is the state of Sao Paulo, and the period, since its establishment until today. Basically two foci are discussed: the history of the westward displacement of this crop, and the standard technology used in their fields. We attempted to interrelate the different historical periods with their territorialization and regionalization. Then it is given greater emphasis in the process of mechanization of activities related to the \"CLT system (Cutting, Loading and Transport)\" of sugarcane.

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MAIA, Kaliane de Freitas. "O “agronegócio sertanejo”: (re)pecuarização e grande propriedade rural na microrregião de Catolé do Rocha (PB), semiárido nordestino." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2013. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1338.

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Capes
O trabalho abrange as transformações sociais, econômicas, técnicas e produtivas que têm sido vivenciadas nas médias e grandes propriedades rurais do semiárido nordestino, demarcando as especificidades dos esforços recentes de modernização e de integração aos mercados de produtos agropecuários. Objetivou-se entender como os proprietários rurais reagem e se organizam frente aos processos de modernização após a decadência do sistema latifúndio/algodão/pecuária/morada a partir de finais da década de 1970. Propomos a utilização da noção de “agronegócio sertanejo” para a compreensão destas transformações. Para a realização dos objetivos, decidiu-se pela realização de pesquisa de campo na microrregião de Catolé do Rocha, no Sertão da Paraíba. O município de Catolé do Rocha e os demais desta microrregião estão historicamente ligados ao poder dos coronéis e à manutenção do patrimônio fundiário, dando fama nacional às oligarquias familiares, em especial à família Maia. Entrevistas realizadas junto aos médios e grandes proprietários de terras dos municípios que compõe a microrregião, levantamentos de dados junto ao IBGE e INCRA e coleta de informações junto ao cartório do município de Catolé do Rocha e arquivos da família Maia, compõem nosso universo empírico de análise. Para dar conta de refletir sobre a forma particular do agronegócio no semiárido nordestino, combinada a outras formas sociais assumidas pela grande propriedade na região, está tese se orienta pela seguinte questão: em que medida podemos compreender os processos de reestruturação produtiva engendrados nas últimas décadas nas médias e grandes propriedades da microrregião de Catolé do Rocha a partir da noção de “agronegócio sertanejo”? e (re)pecuarização? A compreensão das estratégias adotadas pelos proprietários na conformação do que estamos chamando de “agronegócio sertanejo” passa necessariamente pela ressignificação da atividade pecuária e pela emergência de novas formas sociais que levaram à superação do antigo latifúndio. As duas noções que mobilizamos neste trabalho expressam uma certa ambiguidade de lógicas discursivas e práticas em traços constitutivos da identidade de médios e grandes proprietários rurais, em que tradicionalismo e conservadorismo convivem com ideias de modernização e empreendedorismo.
This thesis covers the social, economic, technical and productive changes that have been experienced in medium and large-size farms in the semiarid region in Northeast, Brazil, as part of recent efforts to modernize and integrate these rural properties to regional and national markets of agricultural products. This study aimed to understand how landowners have responded to the decline of landlordism system from the late 1970s. The expression “Agronegócio sertanejo” (backcountry agribusiness) was created to understand such transformations. The field research was conduct in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba State, ncluding interviews and research on local archives. This region was historically linked to the power of landowners, giving national fame to the family oligarchies, especially the Maia family. The work was guided by this central question: to what extent can we understand the processes of productive restructuring engendered in recent decades in medium and large farms of Catolé do Rocha region from the notion of "Agronegócio sertanejo"? This process implied the redefinition of the cattle industry and the emergence of new social forms that led to the overcoming of the landlordism system. The social dynamics express an ambiguity of logical and discursive practices in constituting the identity traits of landowners in semiarid region in Brazil, where traditionalism and conservatism coexist with ideas of innovation and entrepreneurship.

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Boateng, Kwasi. "Improving Cocoa Production Through Lean: A Case Study of the Ghanaian Cocoa Industry." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1330.

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Cocoa has been useful in several ways, especially to countries that produce it and consumers all over the world. Its benefits range from improving economies to satisfying millions all over the world who desire one cocoa product or the other. The production of cocoa however is not without its own attendant problems. Aging tree stock, spread of diseases, and production capacity problems are, but a few of many challenges that seed gardens that produce cocoa face. This study investigated the pollination process on selected seed gardens in Ghana, the second largest world producer of cocoa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the artificial pollination process of cocoa on seed gardens in Ghana, and explore ways by which the Lean principle of Value Stream Mapping could be applied in improving the process. The process of pollination was observed on eighteen seed gardens, and a current value stream map depicting the existing process developed to give an indication of the current state of affairs. Subsequently, a future value stream map based on the current map was developed to show aspects of the process that could be improved to enhance the operations of the seed gardens. The future value stream map revealed that operational procedures relating to cleaning and preparation of trees, choosing male and female trees for pollination, harvesting of pollen, and manually pollinating practices presented various avenues for improving the pollination process and hence seed production output.

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Miguel, Cleber Lima. "Gestão de pessoas no agronegócio : Um estudo multicaso na indústria de carnes. /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153717.

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RESUMO – O setor de agronegócios ocupa uma posição de grande impacto na economia brasileira e a projeção para os próximos anos continua positiva. Seus números financeiros e de absorção de trabalhadores impressionam. Dentro desse contexto, a indústria de carnes brasileira representa uma grande parte desse setor, sendo objeto de estudo de diversas pesquisas. Contudo, não há bibliografia especializada em recursos humanos nas indústrias de carnes brasileiras. Desta forma, com uma fundamentação teórica baseada nos modelos de gestão de pessoas conhecidos, e por meio de pesquisa qualitativa de estudo de casos, realizou-se uma pesquisa com três indústrias de carnes do Brasil, objetivando-se entender como a organização do trabalho se dá nesse setor e definir o modelo de gestão de pessoas praticado em cada empresa. Observou-se alguns pontos em comum, entretanto houve a adoção de diferentes modelos e organização do trabalho para cada caso estudado levando em conta as especificidades de cada empresa.
ABSTRACT – The agribusiness sector occupies a position of great impact on the Brazilian economy and the projection for the coming years remains positive. Their financial figures and absorption of workers are impressive. Within this context, the meat industry in Brazil is a large part of this sector, being study object of several researches. However, there is no bibliography specializing in human resources in the brazilian meat industries. In this way, with a theoretical foundation based on the known models for people management, and by means of a qualitative research of case studies, it was conducted a survey with three meat industries from Brazil, aiming to understand how the organization of work is utilized in this sector and establish the model of people management practiced in each company. It was observed some points in common, however, there was the adoption of different models of people management and work organization for each case studied taking as complement the specificities of each company.

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Chã, Ana Manuela de Jesus [UNESP]. "Agronegócio e indústria cultural: estratégias das empresas para a construção da hegemonia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144217.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as conexões entre o modelo de produção do agronegócio e a indústria cultural no Brasil a partir da década de 1960, momento em que esta articulação se consolida, com a implementação do ciclo de modernização conservadora instituinte da atual configuração do bloco histórico hegemônico. Buscou-se analisar os vários mecanismos pelos quais se constrói hoje a estrutura hegemônica do setor enquanto modo de produção de commodities agrícolas, tanto no campo econômico e político, mas fundamentalmente, no plano ideológico. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa sobre as formas de atuação das empresas no campo da comunicação e cultura articulada com o levantamento e análise de dados sobre as políticas culturais das empresas, tipos de ações culturais promovidas, mensagens e imagens divulgadas e a territorialização das empresas. Pôde ser constatado por meio da pesquisa que a hegemonia não é algo estático, mas precisa constantemente se recriar e modificar. Assim, na fase atual de expansão do agronegócio, as empresas têm ampliado e diversificado os instrumentos culturais usados para o reposicionamento da sua imagem e formação do consenso, buscando, com apoio do governo, estar “mais próximas” das comunidades que fazem parte dos territórios onde estão implementadas, mesmo quando as contradições desse modelo se aprofundam. Constatamos com as análises realizadas que a cultura e a arte, na sua forma mercadoria, não operam como mero acessório, mas desempenham papel muito importante no modo de produção que mercantiliza os alimentos e a vida, seja ao nível da construção de um imaginário coletivo favorável e apoiador do projeto do agronegócio, seja como mecanismo de naturalização das relações de dominação, abrandamento das lutas sociais ou integração ao consumo.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las conexiones entre el modelo de producción del agronegocio y la industria cultural en Brasil desde la década de 1960, cuando esta articulación se consolida, con la implementación del ciclo de modernización conservadora fundador de la actual configuración del bloque histórico hegemónico. Hemos tratado de examinar los diferentes mecanismos por los que hoy se construye la estructura hegemónica del sector, como un modo de producción de commodities agrícolas, tanto en el campo económico y político, sino fundamentalmente en el plan ideológico. Con este fin, se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre cómo las empresas operan en el campo de la comunicación y la cultura articulado a un levantamiento y análisis de datos sobre las políticas culturales de las empresas, tipos de actividades culturales promovidas, mensajes e imágenes publicadas y la territorialización de las empresas. Pudo encontrarse a través de la investigación que la hegemonía no es algo estático, sino que tiene que constantemente recrearse y modificarse. Por lo tanto, en la fase actual de expansión del agronegocio las corporaciones han ampliado y diversificado los instrumentos culturales utilizados para el reposicionamiento de su imagen y la creación de consenso, buscando, con el apoyo del gobierno, estar "más cerca" de las comunidades que forman parte de los territorios donde están implementadas, incluso cuando se profundizan las contradicciones de este modelo. Observamos con los análisis llevados a cabo que la cultura y el arte, en su forma de mercancía, no funcionan como un mero accesorio, sino que cumplen un papel muy importante en el modo de producción que mercantiliza los alimentos y la vida, ya sea en términos de la construcción de un imaginario colectivo favorable y de apoyo al proyecto del agronegocio, ya sea como un mecanismo de naturalización de las relaciones de dominación, la relajación de las luchas sociales o la integración al consumo.
This research aims to investigate the connections between the agribusiness production model and the cultural industry in Brazil from the 1960s, when this relation is consolidated, with the implementation of the conservative modernization cycle that lay the foundation of the current configuration of the hegemonic historic block. We sought to analyze the various mechanisms by which today is built the hegemonic structure of the sector as a mode of production of agricultural commodities, both in the economic and political field, but fundamentally in the ideological one. To this end, we carried out a research on how the corporations operate in the communication and culture field, articulated with the survey and analysis of data on the cultural policies of big companies, types of the cultural activities promoted, messages and pictures published and the territorialization of the corporations. It was found through the research that hegemony is not something static, but need to constantly be re-create and modify. Thus, in the current phase of agribusiness expansion companies have expanded and diversified the cultural instruments used for the repositioning of its image and creation of consensus, with government support, to be "closer" of the communities that are part of the territories where they are implemented, even when the contradictions of this model are deepened. We note with the analyzes carried out that culture and art, in its commodity form, don´t operate as a mere accessory, but play a very important role in the production mode which mercantilizes food and life, whether in terms of building a collective imaginary favorable and supportive of the agribusiness project, or as a naturalization mechanism of the domination relations, relaxation of social struggles or integration to consumption.
CNPq: 375852/2013-1

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Santos, Gilberto Martins. "Estudo dos fatores envolvidos no processo de localização de usinas e destilaria: um estudo de caso do setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-01122014-181746/.

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Aproveitar oportunidades de negócios em ambientes turbulentos e instáveis, os quais envolvem aspectos econômicos e ambientais, tem sido a razão de existência das empresas, as quais mudam e reconfiguram espaços no mundo. Dentro desse contexto, é importante mencionar o avanço recente na expansão da cultura da cana de açúcar, que vem ocorrendo nesta última década. Estes eventos originados pelo aumento da demanda interna do etanol devido às inovações tecnológicas relacionadas à entrada no mercado nacional do carro flexfuel em 2003 e, ainda na crescente demanda externa do etanol, por alterações na legislação em termos de mandatórios em países como Japão, Canada, Estados Unidos. Nesse ambiente, o estudo deste setor revela-se de grande importância, pois, além do etanol ser um combustível alternativo, sua produção envolve um setor com características únicas (trata-se de uma atividade produtiva integrada), capaz de produzir novas contribuições a Teoria da Localização. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desta tese foi de identificar os fatores importantes capazes de definir um local como ideal e, os fatores que podem levar ao descarte de locais na localização de Usinas e Destilarias do setor Sucroalcooleiro Brasileiro. O estudo foca inicialmente as teorias Clássica e Neoclássica da localização, e a seguir explora os estudos a respeito do setor. Nesse sentido, estes componentes teóricos formam a base de sustentação dos objetivos propostos e da questão de pesquisa. Na metodologia o uso de diferentes ferramentas de análise, como a metodologia Delphi e os Estudos de Casos Múltiplos, propiciaram responder a questão de pesquisa. As entrevistas, com especialistas e com gestores das empresas possibilitaram obter as evidências objetivas das localizações ocorridas no setor. Isso determinou a convergência do estudo para a etapa de análise de resultados, oportunizando a identificação das especificidades do setor.Nos aspectos, relacionados à localização das unidades produtivas foi possível identificar as características, dos fatores que determinam sua localização. Classificaram-se os fatores em três tipos: Fatores essenciais, sem os quais a unidade não se localizará, e estão relacionados:à disponibilidade de terras mecanizáveis; a água em volume suficiente para irrigar a lavoura e a manutenção da planta; a vi variedade da cana adaptada à região de plantio e, por fim a estrutura de solo determinada por suas propriedades físico-químicas. Verificou-se ainda, que os fatores de Descarte de locais, estão relacionados: a terras sem possibilidade de mecanização; água insuficiente para abastecer a unidade produtivae ao fator delimitador da localização que está relacionado à competição por terras com outras unidades do setor. Foram identificados ainda dentro dos fatores essenciais, fatores considerados sensiveis, os quais apresentam um elevado grau de possibilidade de fracasso das operações da unidade ao longo do tempo. Tais fatores estão relacionados: dimensionamento errôneo do fornecimento de água para a unidade, mão-deobra sem qualificação, legislação ambiental com possíveis alterações e, terras sem estrutura de solo. Ficou claro ainda, a contribuição de outros fatores na localização como: transporte, canais de distribuição, mão de obra, incentivos de governo, legislação ambiental. Tais fatores foram citados como importantes, mas não determinam a localização da unidade produtiva.
Taking advantage of business opportunities in turbulent and unstable environments, which involve economic and environmental aspects, has been the reason of existence of the companies, which change and reconfigure spaces in the world. In this context, it is important to mention the recent advance in expanding sugar cultivation, which has occurred in the last decade. These events intensified by the new domestic demand for ethanol, due to technological innovations, related to the flefuel carentry into the domestic market, 2003, and the increasing foreign demand for ethanol. In addition, changes occurred in the legislation in countries like, Japan, Canada and United States. In such setting, the study of this sector proves to be of great importance because ethanol is an alternative fuel, its production involves a sector with unique features (this is an integrated production activity), and, is able to bring new contributions to the theory of location. Thus, the aim of this PhD Dissertation was to identify important factors that could set aan ideallocation as, and the factors that may lead to the elimination of locals for the location of Plants and Distilleries in the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry. The study initially focuses on the Classical and Neoclassical theories of location, and then explores the studies of the industry. In this sense, these components form the theoretical basis regarding the proposed objectives and research question. Methodology with different analysis tools, such as Delphi and Multiple Case Studies, propitiated answers to the research question. Interviews with experts and managers of companies allowed to gather objective evidence of locations occurring in the sector. Interviews with experts and managers of companies allowed to show objective evidence of localization occurring in the sector. In relating to the location of production units aspects was possible to identify the characteristics, the factors that determine its location. Factors were classified into three types: essential factors, without which the unit would not be located, such as: the availability of arable land; sufficient water to irrigate the crop and plant maintenance; the variety of sugar cane planting adapted to the region; and finally ground structure determined by its physicochemical properties. We also discovered that the factors for the sites disposal are related: a land without possibility of mechanization, i.e., over 12 º slope; insufficient water to supply the production unit, and the location of the bounding factor that is related to competition for land with other sector units (\"unaglomerative factor\"). We also identified factors considered, which have a high degree of casing failure in the unit operations over time. Such factors as wrong sizing of water supply labor lack of skill, possible changes in environmental legislation and land viii without soil structure. We identified the contribution of other factors in the location, such as transportation, distribution channels, labor, government incentives, and environmental legislation. These factors were mentioned as important, but not delimit the location of the unit.

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Silva, Simone Fioritti. "A balança comercial do agronegócio brasileiro de 1989 a 2005:seus deteminantes, cenários e perspectivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-07052007-143044/.

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Este trabalho analisa a contribuição do agronegócio para o saldo comercial do Brasil desde 1989 de sorte a que se possa antecipar a possibilidade de ocorrer conflitos entre a geração dos superávits do setor e a manutenção do custo de vida e da inflação sob controle. Há que se determinar relações entre taxas de câmbio, taxa de crescimento do PIB, preços internacionais de commodities assim como o comportamento da produtividade com o superávit comercial do agronegócio. Uma nova classificação de balança comercial do agronegócio foi criada e usada para analisar os lados dos produtos exportados - representados pelos produtos agrícolas não processados, produtos de origem animal não processados e alimentos industrializados e dos insumos importados – representados pelos fertilizantes - para o período de 1989 a 2005. Elaboraram-se modelos de importação e exportação a fim de retratar e explicar o comportamento dessas variáveis empregando a Análise de Auto-Regressões Vetoriais (Vector Autoregression Analysis, VAR). Pôde-se observar que um aumento de 1% na atratividade – dada pelo produto do câmbio e dos preços externos - impulsiona as exportações de produtos agrícolas não processados em 1,71% imediatamente, estabilizando-se em 2% após alguns trimestres. A atratividade explica de 60% a 74% da variância dos erros de previsão dessas exportações. Um aumento de 1% atratividade eleva os preços agrícolas em 0,29% de imediato e em pouco mais de 0,2% no longo prazo. A demanda externa por fertilizantes mostrou-se inelástica: 1% de aumento no seu custo eleva o valor das importações em 0,55%. Nota-se assim que uma desvalorização cambial, por exemplo, aumenta mais as exportações de produtos do que as importações de fertilizantes. Além disso, um crescimento de 1% no PIB doméstico exerce impacto expressivo (convergindo em - 1,7%) de contenção das exportações dos produtos agrícolas. Embora estes efeitos não tenham apresentado poder relevante de explicação dos erros de previsão, eles alertam para possíveis quedas no ritmo exportador do agronegócio face a uma retomada do crescimento econômico brasileiro. Nesse caso, cada ponto percentual de crescimento do PIB teria de ser compensado por idêntica desvalorização cambial para conter a demanda interna e manter as exportações. Salientase, entretanto, que a expansão das exportações do agronegócio tem-se dado sob incremento importante da produtividade, que pode ser o elemento capaz de compatibilizar o crescimento das exportações e o atendimento do mercado interno sem pressões inflacionárias relevantes.
This study aims to analyze the agribusiness contribution to Brazil\'s trade balance since 1989 until 2005 to evaluate the possibility of conflicts involving surplus generation, cost of living and inflation. The study determines the relationships among interest rates, GDP growth rate, commodities international prices as well as the productivity behavior with the agribusiness trade surplus. A new classification of the agribusiness trade balance was proposed and used to analyze the aspects of the exported products –non processed agricultural products, non processed products of animal origin, industrialized foods and imported inputs – represented by fertilizers. Imports and exports vector autoregression models were used to explain the behavior of these variables. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness – product of the exchange rate by the international prices – boosts immediately the exports of non processed agricultural products by 1.71%, stabilizing at 2% after some trimesters. The attractiveness explains 60 to 74% of the forecast error variances of these exportats. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness raises the agricultural prices by 0.29% at the first moment and slightly higher than 0.2% in the long run. The demand for fertilizers is inelastic: an increase of 1% in price generates a rise in the imports value of 0.55%. It is noted, thus, that an exchange rate devaluation stimulates more the exports of products than it does the fertilizer imports. Besides, an increase of 1% of the GDP has an expressive impact (converging into -1.7%) on agricultural products exports. Although these effects have not presented relevant power to explain the forecast errors, they signal to a possible drop of the agribusiness exporting rhythm in the face of an economic recovery of the Brazilian economy. In this case each percent point of the GDP growth would have to be compensated by an identical devaluation of the exchange rate in order to keep the exports level. It is highlighted, however, that the expansion of agribusiness exports has been attributed to an important increase in productivity, which can be the element to balance the exportation growth and the domestic market demands without relevant inflationary pressures.

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Borges, Andreia Aparecida. "AS PECULIARIDADES DO POLO INDUSTRIAL DE ITUMBIARA NO CENÁRIO GOIANO: UMA COMPARAÇÃO COM A REGIÃO DE CATALÃO E RIO VERDE (1999-2012)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2017. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3655.

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The present work aims to characterize the peculiarities of the Itumbiara industrial pole and to identify the reasons for the difference of its performance vis a vis the poles of Catalão and Rio Verde during the period of consolidation of its productive complexes. Using data from IPEA's historical added value series, IBGE municipal GDP, RAIS information from the Ministry of Labor, and various sources on the history of investments in these municipalities, traces a trajectory of its industrial development, focusing on the period of consolidation of their productive complexes. It argues that the intense process of agricultural modernization, in the pattern of the Green Revolution, and the implementation of large mineral enterprises, made possible by the programs and investments of the II PND and the construction of Brasília between the 1970s and the end of the 1990s, resulted in Increasing integration of primary and secondary production sectors in the regions nucleated by those municipalities, feeding back the process of expansion with more or less virtuous circles of growth and structural change in their industry. It also reveals that Itumbiara, which came on a dynamic trajectory in its stage of agricultural modernization, loses relative dynamism, presenting a performance that falls short of the others. It points out as probable causes the strong polarization exerted by Rio Verde / Jataí on the investments in the complex of grains and meats in the period, also exerted by the pole of Uberlândia and Uberaba, acting as regressive effects in the direction pointed out by Myrdal. And, the cotton crisis in the 1990s and the sugar and alcohol industry, two very important segments in its agro-industrial structure.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar as peculiaridades do polo industrial de Itumbiara e identificar as razões da diferença de seu desempenho vis à vis os polos de Catalão e Rio Verde, durante o período de consolidação de seus complexos produtivos. Utilizando dados das séries históricas de valor adicionado do IPEA, do PIB municipal do IBGE, informações da RAIS do Ministério do Trabalho, e de diversas fontes sobre o histórico de investimentos nesses municípios, traça uma trajetória de seu desenvolvimento industrial, focando do período de consolidação de seus complexos produtivos. Argumenta que o intenso processo de modernização agropecuário, no padrão da Revolução Verde, e a implantação de grandes empreendimentos minerais, viabilizados pelos programas e investimentos do II PND e a construção de Brasília, entre aos anos 1970 e final da década de 90, resultaram em crescente integração da produção primária e a secundária nas regiões nucleadas por aqueles municípios, retroalimentando o processo de expansão com círculos mais, ou menos, virtuosos de crescimento e mudança estrutural na sua indústria. Revela, ainda, que Itumbiara que vinha em uma trajetória dinâmica na sua etapa de modernização agrícola, perde dinamismo relativo, apresentando um desempenho aquém dos demais. Aponta como causas prováveis a forte polarização exercida por Rio Verde/Jataí sobre os investimentos no complexo de grãos e carnes no período, igualmente exercido pelo polo de Uberlândia e Uberaba, atuando como efeitos regressivos no sentido pontado por Myrdal. E ainda, a crise do algodão na década de 1990 e do setor sucroalcooleiro, dois segmentos muito importantes em sua estrutura agroindustrial.

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Briceño, Bryan Manuel Julca. "Simulação de cenários para o setor sucroenergético brasileiro a partir do método de mapeamento e quantificação de sistemas agroindustriais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-26092011-101217/.

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Os sistemas agroindustriais são estruturas complexas que são influenciadas pelas transformações econômicas, políticas e tecnológicas da sociedade. Assim, as organizações públicas e privadas que estão inseridas nesses sistemas precisam de informações setoriais que as permitam identificar cenários futuros e ajustar seus recursos internos às novas situações geradas pelo ambiente externo. Uma das alternativas para dispor dessa informação é a aplicação de ferramentas de projeção por meio da simulação de cenários. Este trabalho, nesse sentido, tem como foco principal a simulação de cenários para o setor sucroenergético brasileiro a partir do método de mapeamento e quantificação de sistemas agroindustriais. Para atingi- lo, foi aplicada uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, cuja execução foi divida em três fases. A primeira considerou o desenho do sistema agroindustrial da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, identificando os seus principais setores e variáveis participantes; a segunda compreendeu a quantificação do sistema, estimando, a partir de relações entre as variáveis, os fluxos comerciais dos elos de insumos agrícolas, produção de matéria-prima, insumos industriais e processamento industrial, no ano fiscal de 2008; e, finalmente, na terceira fase foi feita uma simulação de cenários para o período 2011-2015 com base em projeções de mercado e uso de ferramenta eletrônica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de dados primários e secundários, levantados em entrevistas com executivos, pesquisadores, instituições governamentais e organizações setoriais dos diferentes elos do sistema agroindustrial, além de publicações como anuários estatísticos, relatórios, prognósticos, entre outros, elaborados por instituições governamentais e não governamentais. Já o processamento e simulação de cenários foram feitos com a utilização de um software de planilha eletrônica. Como resultados desta pesquisa, portanto, foram apresentadas as etapas necessárias para desenhar, quantificar e simular cenários para o setor sucroenergético, assim como os valores obtidos nos cálculos, que permitirá, em pesquisas futuras, explorar o aperfeiçoamento do modelo de simulação por meio da inserção de novas variáveis e da atualização dos valores atribuídos a elas.
Agroindustrial systems are complex structures that are subject to economic, political and technological changes within society. Therefore, the organization held within these systems must frequently adjust their specific resources to the situations created by the environment. One of the alternatives to identify opportunities and threats to the systems is the application of tools for exploring the future through scenario analysis. Thus, this research focuses on simulating scenarios for the Brazilian Sugarcane Agroindustrial System through the application of the Method for Mapping and Quantifying Agroindustrial Systems. In order to achieve this objective, an exploratory and qualitative research has been made in three phases. The first phase has considered the structure of the Sugarcane Agroindustrial System in Bra zil, identifying their key sectors and variables; the second one has addressed the quantification of the system, estimating the trade flows between farm input suppliers, sugarcane producers, industrial input supplier and sugarcane mills in 2008; and finally, in the third phase a scenario simulation has been done for the period of 2011-2015 based on market projections with the use of an electronic tool. Both primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data have been collected thought interviews with executives, researchers, governmental institutions and industrial organizations representatives, while secondary data have been gathered from publications such as statistical reports and prognostics from private and governmental institutions. The data processing and the scenario simulations have been done by using an electronic spreadsheet software. The results of the research show the necessary stages for drawing the systems structure, quantifying the trade flows between its links and simulating scenarios for the Sugarcane Agroindustrial System. They also show the values obtained from the calculations, which allows the further improvement of the simulation model in future research by updating the values given to the variables as well as by inserting new var iables.

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Kirwin, Ryan Michael. "An Economic Analysis of New Product Introductions in the United States Food and Beverage Sector: 1996 - 2009." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253553017.

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Ferneda, Rodrigo. "Adoção de tecnologias da indústria 4.0 por firmas do agronegócio do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7072.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender o processo de adoção de tecnologias da indústria 4.0 por firmas do agronegócio do Rio Grande do Sul. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, foram investigados três firmas do agronegócio e uma firma startup. Através de uma amostragem snowball sampling, também foram investigados outros atores que compõem o Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI): instituições, especialistas do agronegócio, especialistas da indústria 4.0, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC) e o Ministério do Desenvolvimento da Indústria e Comércio Exterior e Serviços (MDIC). Ao total, foram realizadas 14 entrevistas semi estruturadas ao longo de 2017, baseadas nas categorias extraídas do referencial teórico em que abordou a adoção de tecnologias pelas firmas, entre elas: escolha tecnológica, tendências, dificuldades /barreiras, características, mão de obra, papel do Estado, atores institucionais, resultados de inovação e resultado econômico. Os resultados da investigação foram interpretados sob a análise de conteúdo, seguindo as orientações de Bardin (2009). Constatou-se que as tecnologias adotadas são: Big Data, Internet das Coisas e Robótica. Essa adoção vem ocorrendo nas firmas multinacionais, de grande porte, localizadas na região metropolitana e atuantes na fase pré porteira, por meio da internacionalização do conhecimento, formalização do departamento de P&D, investimento em mão de obra qualificada, participação dos clientes e fornecedores em testes de protótipos e aplicação de tecnologias, observação das tendências nacionais e internacionais para o setor. A exceção está na firma C, por ser de origem familiar, brasileira, localizada no interior do Estado e investe seus recursos próprios e crédito oriundo de políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento da P&D. Destaca-se o papel de uma startup, como forma de promover e estimular práticas tecnológicas específicas para o agronegócio, visando a flexibilidade, eficiência em custos e em produção, competitividade, comunicação entre máquinas e seres humanos e outros atributos capazes de agregar valor para o setor pré e pós porteira. O papel das instituições foi identificado como fundamental, contribuindo para a qualificação de recursos humanos, tecnológicos e sociais, desenvolvimento nos testes de protótipos, máquinas e equipamentos e na consultoria por meio de projetos em parceria público-privado, como também, as parcerias em que o MCTIC e MDIC estão realizando para a efetivação do desenvolvimento do Plano Nacional de Internet das Coisas e de Manufatura Avançada, onde permite compreender o conhecimento das referidas tecnologias e aplicá-las nas firmas brasileiras. Os resultados das inovações adotadas pelas firmas ocorre através da participação dos clientes e fornecedores nos testes de protótipos, expansão e diversificação da produção, controle e eficiência na tomada de decisão e redução dos custos, assistência técnica e pós venda. Quanto aos resultados econômicos adotados entre as investigadas destacam-se: agregação de valor ao produto final, otimização da força de trabalho, aumento da produtividade e oportunidade de diversificação da cadeia produtiva e eficiência em custos. Conclui-se também, que esforços diversos devem ser feitos por parte de diferentes atores para que o processo de adoção dessas tecnologias seja mais difundido no setor e em firmas com diferentes perfis, proporcionando uma maior agregação de valor e competitividade setorial.
The present study’s objective was to understand the process of technologies adoption of the 4.0 industry in agribusiness firms of Rio Grande do Sul. Through an exploratory and qualitative research, three agribusiness firms and one startup were investigated. Through a sample of ‘snowball sampling’, other actors that compose the National Innovation System (SNI) were investigated too: institutions, agribusiness experts, industry experts 4.0, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and Communication (MCTIC) and the Ministry of Development Industry and Foreign Trade and Services (MDIC). A total of 14 semi-structured interviews were carried out during 2017, based on the categories extracted from the theoretical reference that addressed the adoption of technologies by firms, among them: technological choice, trends, difficulties / barriers, characteristics, labor, role of State, institutional actors, innovation results and economic results. The results of the research were interpreted under the content analysis, following the guidelines of Bardin (2009). It was verified that the technologies adopted are: Big Data, Internet of Things and Robotics. This adoption has been taking place in large multinational firms located in the metropolitan area and which are active in the pre-port phase, through the internationalization of knowledge, formalization of the Research and Development department, investment in skilled labor, participation of customers and suppliers in testing of prototypes and application of technologies, observation of national and international trends for the sector. The exception is in firm C, because it is of Brazilian family origin, located in the interior of the state, and invests its own resources and credit from public policies for the development of research and technology. It highlights the role of a startup, as a way to promote and stimulate specific technological practices for agribusiness, aiming at flexibility, cost and production efficiency, competitiveness, communication between machines and human beings and other attributes capable of adding value to the pre and post market sectors. The role of institutions was identified as fundamental, contributing to the qualification of human, technological and social resources, development in prototype, machine and equipment testing and consulting through public-private partnership projects, as well as the partnerships in which MCTIC and MDIC are realizing for the implementation of the National Internet Plan of Thingsand of Advanced Manufacturing, where it allows to understand the knowledge of the mentioned technologies and to apply them in the Brazilian companies. The innovation results adopted by the company, occurs through the participation of customers and suppliers in prototype testing, production expansion and diversification, control and efficiency in decision making and cost reduction, technical assistance and after sales. Regarding the economic results adopted, the following stand out: aggregation of value to the final product, optimization of the work force, increase of productivity and opportunity of diversification of the productive chain and cost efficiency. It is also concluded that diverse efforts must be made by different actors to make the process of adopting these technologies more widespread in the sector and in firms with different profiles, providing a greater value aggregation and sectorial competitiveness.

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Rasoolzadeh, Majid. "Employment Decline in the Douglas-fir Region's Lumber and Plywood Industries: An Analysis of Structural and Cyclical Factors." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1294.

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Over the years a significant decline in employment had occurred in the Douglas-fir region’s lumber and wood products industry. High levels of unemployment can lead to undesirable economic and social effects. An understanding of the nature of unemployment can facilitate future planning as well as mitigating current problems. This study has attempted to examine the underlying causes of employment decline in the region’s softwood lumber and plywood industries, specifically over the period 1979-86. This time span is of particular importance since there was a rapid decline in employment levels after 1979. There has been much controversy over the causes of this reduction but no comprehensive empirical analysis was ever undertaken to determine its cause. Meanwhile levels of output, which also declined in the early part of this span, have again reached pre-recession levels. A cost function approach was employed as the basis of the empirical analysis. The results suggest that most of the employment decline in these industries has been caused by changes in the structure of production and by increasing labour productivity. Although there are indications of cyclical unemployment, much of the reduction in the industries' labour force seems to be attributable to greater substitution of capital and logs for labour. Simulation analyses tend to suggest that changes in factor prices would not have had any dramatic effect on employment levels. It was found that of the recent employment decline in the two industries, around one-quarter of the loss in the lumber industry and one-third in the plywood industry are caused by cyclical forces. Structural factors were assumed to be the cause of the remaining loss in levels of labour input.

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Orozco, Noguera Luis. "Traceability systems adoption and organizational changes : french agribusiness facing information technologies." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10035.

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La thèse a pour objet l’analyse des déterminants de l’adoption des systèmes de traçabilité dans l’agro-alimentaire français et de ses interactions avec l’organisation des firmes. L’adoption des systèmes informatisés de traçabilité (SIT), basés sur des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC), dépend de la structure des organisations, mais entraine aussi des changements dans les organisations. La thèse offre tout d’abord une revue de la littérature économique s’intéressant aux systèmes de traçabilité, à l’adoption des TIC et au changement organisationnel. Elle propose ensuite une analyse empirique, sur données d’entreprises, de leurs interactions autour de trois éclairages. La première partie explore les déterminants micro-économiques de l’adoption des SIT à la fois pour les firmes de l’agro-alimentaire français et ses spécificités comparativement aux autres secteurs industriels en France. La seconde partie analyse les rôles respectifs de la structure des organisations et des changements organisationnels dans le processus d’adoption des SIT. Dans cette étape, on met en évidence que l’adoption des SIT est fortement explicative de l’intensité de changement organisationnel pour les firmes agro-alimentaires. Enfin, nous analysons les implications des systèmes de traçabilité dans les relations inter-entreprises avec une étude sur l’amont de la filière viti-vinicole. Le résultat principal est de montrer que l’adoption des SIT n’est pas seulement une réponse stratégique des firmes aux pressions de leur environnement, réglementaire et marchand, mais aussi un outil de gestion interne associé à un processus de changements organisationnels
The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the determinants of traceability systems adoption and their interactions with the organization of agro-food firms. The adoption of traceability systems based on information and communication technologies (ICT), i.e.electronic traceability systems (ETS), depend on the structure of organizations, but also associate adjustments, thus changes, to the organization. First, we review the economic works of traceability systems, ICT adoption and organizational change, and propose three empirical analyses on how these concepts are interrelated. The first explores the firm-level determinants of ETS adoption of both French agribusiness and the entire French industrialsectors. The second shows the respective roles of a firm’s organizational structure and that of organizational changes in the process of ETS adoption in agribusiness; we highlight that the adoption of ETS increases the intensity of firm-level organizational changes in agribusiness. Finally, we explore the inter-firm implications of traceability systems in the wine-grape supplychain. We consider the adoption of ETS to be not only a strategic reaction of firms tochanges in their external environment, mainly the demand of public authorities and markets,but also an instrument for the internal management of firms, which requires complementary organizational practices

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Schiavon, Luís Carlos de Marino. "Proposição de um framework para identificação de práticas de sustentabilidade social em cadeias de suprimento: uma aplicação no setor sucroenergético." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-17072014-092058/.

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O enfoque de sustentabilidade em cadeias de suprimento tem recebido atenção crescente na área acadêmica e no meio empresarial, nos últimos anos. A pesquisa acadêmica sobre sustentabilidade em cadeias de suprimento iniciou-se há aproximadamente uma década e a literatura aponta carência de abordagem sobre a dimensão social da sustentabilidade, com recomendação para o desenvolvimento de frameworks específicos para identificar práticas de sustentabilidade social em cadeias de suprimento. Visando contribuir para o preenchimento desta lacuna, tem-se como objetivo desenvolver e verificar a eficácia de um framework para esta finalidade. Tendo-se como referência uma revisão de literatura, propõe-se um framework composto por critérios e indicadores, que abrange a empresa produtora de bens e/ou serviços, fornecedores, distribuidores, atacadistas, stakeholders, comunidades e clientes. Para viabilizar a aplicação prática do framework, busca-se propor indicadores que sejam ao mesmo tempo, relevantes e simples. A aplicação do framework é realizada em uma cadeia de suprimento formada por três empresas do setor sucroenergético, que foi escolhido em função da representatividade desta atividade na economia brasileira, pelo volume significativo de mão de obra empregada, por registros existentes na literatura sobre condições severas de trabalho e violações de direitos humanos no setor, além do interesse internacional por sustentabilidade social na produção de etanol no Brasil. O cálculo dos indicadores nas empresas selecionadas confirmou a eficácia do framework na identificação de práticas sociais sustentáveis em cadeia de suprimento. Além desta utilidade, o framework auxiliou no diagnóstico de aspectos carentes na abordagem de sustentabilidade social, podendo apoiar na priorização de pesquisas e no estabelecimento de metas para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Sustainability in supply chains has received increasing attention in academic and business communities, in recent years. Academic research on sustainable supply chain management has begun about a decade ago and the literature indicates scarcity of studies on the social dimension of sustainability, with recommendation for the development of explicit frameworks to inform the implementation of social sustainability in supply chains. To assist filling this gap, based on a literature review it is proposed a framework to identify social sustainability in a focal company supply chain, encompassing internal operations, its suppliers, stakeholders, wholesalers, distributors and customers. It was attempted to propose indicators that are both relevant and simple, in order to enable framework practical application. The framework is applied in a sugar cane industry supply chain, which has been chosen due to its representativeness in the Brazilian economy, the significant employed workforce, literature records on severe labor conditions and human rights violations in the sector, as well as due to international interest in social sustainability in bioethanol production in Brazil. The indicators calculation confirmed the effectiveness of the framework to identify sustainable social practices in a supply chain. Besides this utility, the framework helped to diagnose social sustainability scarce aspects in a supply chain and it may assist to prioritize research, as well as to set goals for sustainable development.

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Powae, Wayne Ishmael. "Fair trade coffee supply chains in the highlands of Papua New Guinea : do they give higher returns to smallholders? : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1413.

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This research focussed on Fair Trade (FT) coffee supply chains in Papua New Guinea. Three research questions were asked. First, do small holders in the FT chains receive higher returns than the smallholders in the conventional chains? Secondly, if smallholders in the FT coffee chains receive higher returns from their coffee than the smallholders in the conventional chains, what are the sources of these higher returns? Finally, if smallholders in the FT chains don't receive higher returns than in the conventional chains, what are the constraints to smallholders receiving higher returns from the FT coffee chains than the conventional chains? A conceptual framework for agribusiness supply chain was developed that was used to guide the field work. A comparative case study methodology was selcted as an appropriate method for eliciting the required information. Four case study chains were selected. A paired FT and conventional coffee chains from Okapa and another paired FT and conventional chains from Kainantu districts, Eastern Highlands Province were selected for the study. The research found that smallholders in the FT chains and vonventional chains receive very similar prices for their coffee (parchment price equivalent). Hence, there was no evidence that smallholders in the FT chains received higher prices or returns from their coffee production than smallholders in conventional chains. This study also found that there was no evidence of FLO certification improving returns to smallholders in the FT chains over those returns received in the conventional chains, but the community that the FT smallholder producers come from did benefit. The sources of these community benefits lies in the shorter FT chains and the distributions of the margin that would have been otherwise made by processors to producers, exporters and the community. In addition, this study found that constraints associated with value creation are similar in all the four chains studies. However, there are some added hurdles for the FT chains in adhering to FT and organic coffee standards. Moreover, FT co-oeratives lacked capacity to trade and their only functions were to help with FLO certification and distribute the FT premium to the community. The findings of this research support some aspects of the literature, but not others. The research contribution is the finding that in this period of high conventional coffee prices, returns to smallholders from FT chains were no bettter than the returns gained in conventional chains, which leads to oppotunism and lack of loyalty by smallholders in the FT chains. The other contribution of this research is in identifying a particular type of free rider who is not a member of the FT co-operative but has right to the community benefits generated by the FT chain.

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Akosah-Darteh, Francis. "To examine the factors that affect the growth of small agribusinesses in Ghana : a case study of poultry industry." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3578/.

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The once flourishing small-scale poultry industry in Ghana has over the past two decades undergone a severe deterioration as a result of fortunes that has diverted the industry from near self-sufficiency in the early 1990s to a net importer of poultry products. Since the later part of 1990s the Ghana market has followed a steep and uncontrolled influx of cheap poultry meat from subsidized poultry producers from advanced countries (Osei, unpublished) including USA and EU, not to mention countries such as Brazil and Canada. A multiplicity of factors have accounted for the decline and mortalities of the domestic poultry industry. These include unfair competition from subsidized poultry producers from advanced countries, unfavourable and indifferent government policy direction, escalating costs of production, inefficient methods of production, lack of funds and credit, inadequate knowledge in poultry management, socio-cultural factors, lack of information needs on the part of small-scale poultry farmers, inadequate access to market, lack of processing facilities, and high rates of perishability. Therefore, the present study examines the factors that affect the growth of the small agribusiness in Ghana, focusing mainly on the small-scale poultry industry. The purpose of the study is to provide guidelines and recommendations for improving poultry farming at the level of small-scale poultry farmers in Ghana through the organized social movement (new generation cooperative movement). The study further seeks to solicit government interventions through political arguments so as to sustain and strengthen the failing small-scale poultry industry in Ghana. The purpose of the organized social movement is to bundle competencies and resources that are more valuable in joint effort than when kept separate by the small-scale poultry farmers in racing against competitors who are driving them out of business. This is due to an on-going severe competition as a result of unprotected market and political bias of trade liberalization, structural adjustment policies and deregulations on the part of the government. A sample of 120 poultry farmers was selected by a stratified random sampling approach. This was followed by 75 stakeholders through a snowball approach and data was collected by using a semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study shows that the organized social movement (SM) of small-scale poultry farmers, provision of government subsidies, placing a ban or increase tariffs on imports of poultry meat, access to cheap loans, provision of infrastructure, access to incentives and awards, training and education of poultry farmers, advertising campaign, and dissemination of information, had positive and significant impact on the competitiveness and growth of the small-scale poultry industry.

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Hanashiro, Marcelo Mikio. "Relações de coordenação entre a agricultura, industria e distribuição na cadeia produtiva dos produtos minimamente processados." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285843.

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Orientador : Walter Belik
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Ferreira, Neto Yusley. "A industria nacional de fertilizantes e a agricultura." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287201.

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Orientador : Celso Pinto Ferraz
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A agricultura, uma das vocações naturais deste país com dimensões continentais, e dotado pela natureza de excepcionais condições para transformá-lo no celeiro do mundo, se suporta na indústria de fertilizantes, entre outras condicionantes, como uma das alavancas para permitir ao país dar um salto em termos de produção agrícola, não apenas para atender a demanda interna de sua população, mas, também, permitir a produção de excedentes para exportação. A presença do Estado nas décadas de 70 e 80 na implantação de uma infra-estrutura industrial em concordância com o processo de substituição de importações, vigente à época, foi determinante na consolidação da indústria nacional de fertilizantes, permitindo que, quando do processo de desestatização, a partir do início 'da década de 90, esta estrutura, em mãos da iniciativa privada, promovesse adaptações que a tornaram moderna e competitiva com suas congêneres internacionais. Seu dinamismo e altas taxas de rentabilidade despertaram o interesse de grandes grupos internacionais ligados ao setor, e suas presenças, hoje, nesta indústria, representam uma realidade. Inúmeros obstáculos se antepõem ao setor, de caráter interno ou externo, dificultando o incremento da produção interna e das exportações brasileiras. Esforços da iniciativa privada e do governo terão que ser concertados no sentido de superar estas barreiras. O desenvolvimento tecnológico e a adoção de novas técnicas industriais e agrícolas têm sido fundamentais neste esforço nacional de agregação de valor aos produtos do agribusiness. Contudo, há de se levar em consideração que a modernização do setor não poderá prescindir da observância rígida da preservação do homem e do ambiente, alvos primeiros do bem estar das nações. O setor do agribusiness, um dos mais dinâmicos da economia nacional, é responsável, desde há muito, por importantes superávites na balança comercial de produtos deste setor, que muito vêm contribuindo cornos esforços do governo na busca do equilíbrio de suas contas nacionais. O setor de fertilizantes ocupa um papel de fundamental importância na produção e sustentação alimentar de todos os povos, e no Brasil, em virtude de sua potencialidade agrícola, apresenta elevadas expectativas de crescimento. Os desafios para a sua consolidação passam por um aumento substancial da produção interna, uma vez que as importações ainda representam cerca de 50% do consumo total. Há que se solucionar as barreiras de ordem interna e externa para que os setores de fertilizantes e da agricultura, inseridos que estão no segmento do agribusiness, estratégico na economia nacional, possam crescer e cumprir seus propósitos de aumentar o padrão de vida das populações, alvo maior das sociedades desenvolvidas
Abstract: Agriculture, one of the natural vocations of this continental dimensions country and naturally endowed of exceptional conditions to transform it in the barn of the world, is supported in the industry of fertilizers, among other characteristics, as one of the levers to allow, to the country, jumps in terms of agricultural production, not only to assist the internal demand of its population, but, also, to allow the production of surpluses for export. The presence of the State, in the 1970's and 1980's decades, in the implantation of an industrial infrastructure, in agreement with the process of imports replacement, in place at that time, was decisive in the consolidation of the national industry of fertilizers, allowing that, when of the privatization process, at the beginning of the 1990's decade, this structure, under the private sector control, could promote adaptations that turned it modern and competitive with its international congeners. Its dynamism and high profitability rates increased the interest of great international groups of the sector, and theirs presences, today, in this industry, are a reality. Countless obstacles are imposed to the sector, of internal external character, hindering the increment of the internal production and of the Brazilian exports. Efforts of the private sector and of the govemment will have to be adjusted to overcome these barriers. The technological development and the use of new industrial and agricultural techniques are fundamental in this national effort of value aggregation to the agribusiness products. However, it must be taken in consideration that the modernization of the sector cannot renounce the rigid observance of the human and environment preservation, first objectives of the well-being of the nations. The agribusiness sector, one of the most dynamic of the Brazilian economy, is responsible, since a long time ago, for important profits in the products trade balance of this sector, that contributes a lot with the govemment's efforts in the search of an equilibrium of the national accounting. The industry of fertilizers, included in the agribusiness section and strategic in the national economy, occupies a fundamentally important role in the. agricultural production and food supporting of all nations and it presents high growth expectations in Brazil, specially due to its agricultural potential. The challenges for its consolidation go through a substantialincrease of the national production, since the imports still represent about 50% of the total consumption. The dynamics of the world fertilizers industry prioritize the installation and production in the developing countries, since the food demands increase due to an improvement of the life standard of their population. The internal and external barriers must be broken in order that the fertilizers sector and, as a consequence, the agriculture, are able to grow and accomplish their purposes of increasing the life standard of the populations, the main target of the developed societies
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências

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Sampaio, Maria de Fatima Archanjo. "Agricultura e segurança alimentar : analise da produção e da disponibilidade de alimentos na América Latina." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257218.

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Orientador: João Luiz Cardoso
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: Os padrões de produção e de consumo de alimentos que hoje prevalecem nos países economicamente avançados se propagam em nível mundial enquanto 800 milhões de pessoas estão desnutridas no mundo, representando 13% da população mundial, segundo dados da FAO para 1996. Atualmente, na América Latina, os pobres representam 40% da população e 11% são subnutridos de acordo com a Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe (CEPAL). A urgência de medidas corretivas é inegável. É indispensável que a movimentação de recursos para a agricultura, setor fundamental para a segurança alimentar nos países em desenvolvimento, avance em direção às mudanças desejadas. Este trabalho gera indicativos para aperfeiçoamento de modelos de produção e fornece subsídios para orientar ações de políticas públicas, sobretudo, analisando diversos aspectos da agricultura latino-americana e as relações existentes entre esta e a segurança alimentar da população envolvida. Os dados (1999, 2000, 2001) utilizados foram provenientes do banco de dados estatísticos da Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (FAOSTAT). Aliados ao trabalho aprofundado de revisão bibliográfica, foram utilizados os métodos de análise fatorial em componentes principais e análise hierárquica. O ¿software¿ STAT-ITCF , do ¿Institut Technique de Céréales et des Fourrages¿(França) e o ¿Statistical Packet for Social Sciences¿ ¿ SPSS (EUA) foram utilizados para processar as técnicas de análises multivariadas. De maneira geral, este trabalho pôde revelar disparidades existentes e conduzir o exame das dificuldades que determinados países possuem, para orientar as suas respectivas diretrizes no sentido de viabilizar seus padrões agroalimentares compatíveis com um estado nutricional mais adequado e, sob os pontos de vista sociais, econômicos, culturais e ambientais, mais compatíveis com os conceitos recentes de sustentabilidade
Abstract: Prevailing patterns of food production and consumption are spreading throughout the world, while 800 million people in the world are malnourished, representing 13% of the world population, according to 1996 FAO data. Currently in Latin America, 40% of the population is poor and 11% undernourished, according to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.The urgent need for corrective measures is undeniable. The mobilization of resources for agriculture, which is fundamental for food security in developing countries, must advance in the direction of desired changes. This study, which analyzes various aspects of the relationship between Latin American agriculture and the food security of the populations involved, it generates indicative for improvement of production models and it supplies subsidies to guide actions of public politics. The data utilized (1999, 2000, 2001) were from the FAO statistical data base (FAOSTAT). Beans, beef and veal, cassava, eggs, fish (seafood), fruit, maize, milk, rice, pigmeat, potatoes, poultry meat, vegetables, vegetables oil, sugar and wheat were choosen to compose this analysis. We used factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis as the fundamental methodology. This multivariate analysis revealed existing disparities and difficulties of certain countries, and offers guidance for making agro-food patterns more compatible with appropriate nutritional goals, as well as more sustainable from social, economic, cultural, and environmental perspectives
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

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Queiroz, Daniela Cintra de Araújo. "Cultivo do cajueiro anão (Anacardium occidentale L.) nas regionais de Andradina e Jales do estado de São Paulo : tratos culturais, custos e mercados /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106219.

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Orientador: Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano
Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa
Banca: Silvia Maria Almeida Lima Costa
Banca: Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco
Banca: Elias José Simon
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar a cultura do cajueiro anão nos EDRs ou Regionais de Andradina e Jales, do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram levantados a partir da aplicação de questionário e de planilhas, de modo a conhecer o perfil do produtor de caju e caracterizar todo o processo produtivo, desde o preparo do solo até a comercialização da fruta (in natura e/ou indústria). Foram entrevistados os participantes da Associação dos Produtores de Caju do EDR de Jales, os produtores do EDR de Andradina, os técnicos da assistência técnica e o gerente da agroindústria UNIFRUTAS, localizada em Mirandópolis. Foram também entrevistadas integrantes do Grupo de Doceiras de caju e da castanha para levantamento dos diferentes tipos de produtos processados e do seu potencial na região. Os produtores selecionados foram acompanhados e estimados os custos de produção e os indicadores de lucratividade do caju nas duas regionais estudadas. Para análise de mercado foram estimados os custos de comercialização através da análise das Notas do Produtor e de entrevistas com intermediários e técnicos. Os dados referentes aos preços e quantidades comercializadas na CEAGESP nos últimos anos foram tabulados e apresentados em tabelas e gráficos. Os resultados evidenciam que os sistemas de cultivos, os custos e lucratividades de cada região estudada refletem o perfil de seus respectivos fruticultores, bem como os objetivos ou as expectativas que cada região tinha em relação ao destino final da fruta. No EDR de Andradina, desde o início, o objetivo principal era o processamento da castanha e a desidratação do pedúnculo, além da comercialização da fruta in natura. Os produtores desta Regional não contavam com a vulnerabilidade da cultura ao ataque das pragas e doenças em todas as fases de seu desenvolvimento, exigindo tratamento fitossanitário... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present work intended to characterize and to evaluate the culture of the dwarf cashew tree in EDRs or Andradina and Jales region, in the São Paulo State. The data were obtained through questionnaires and spreadsheets, in order to know the cashew producer's profile an d to characterize the whole productive process, from the soil preparation to the fruit commercialization (in natura and/or industry). The participants of the Cashew Producers Association of the EDR in Jales were interviewed, as well as the producers of the EDR in Andradina, the technicians of the technical support and the manager of the agribusiness UNIFRUTAS, located in Mirandópolis. Some members of the Cashew and Chestnut Confectioners Group were also interviewed to get different types of processed products and its potential in the area. The selected producers were accompanied, the production costs and the indicators of the cashew profitability in both regions were calculated. As for market analysis, it was evaluated the commercialization costs through studies of the Producers Note and the interviews with middlemen and technicians. The data regarding the prices and amounts commercialized in CEAGESP in the last years were tabulated and presented in tables and graphs. The results show that the cultivation systems, costs and profitabilities of each studied area reflect the profile of their respective producers, the objectives or the expectations that each area had with the final destiny of the fruit. In EDR of Andradina, since the beginning, the main objectives were the chestnut process and the dehydration of the stalk, and not just the commercialization of the fruit in natura. The producers of this Regional did not count with the vulnerability of the culture with the attack of the curses and diseases in all phases of its development, demanding intensive treatment, especially in rainy seasons... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Gedouin, Maëlle. "Agrobusiness du soja et de la viande en Uruguay : financiarisation des systèmes agraires et nouvelles différenciations sociales et productives en agriculture." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0004/document.

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Cette recherche se situe dans la perspective des travaux qui traitent du développement de l’agrobusiness du soja et de la viande en expansion particulièrement rapide depuis 2008 en Amérique Latine. Notre recherche analyse l’impact du développement de ces nouvelles formes de production reliées aux marchés financiers sur le fonctionnement technique et les résultats économiques des différents agents impliqués dans la production, et sur la durabilité des systèmes de production présents. Ce travail a été mené dans deux régions d’étude en Uruguay (Young et Ansina), choisies de manière à disposer de situations contrastées dans le moment et le degré d’expansion de ces formes productives financiarisées. Nous avons utilisé l’analyse-diagnostic de système agraire pour étudier la dynamique de différenciation des systèmes de production agricole des territoires concernés et évaluer leur niveau de productivité et la répartition de valeur ajoutée créée. Nous avons également analysé l’évolution des rapports de production au sein de ces systèmes agraires et les conséquences des inégalités croissantes d’accès aux ressources productives. Le mouvement de repli des très grandes sociétés en réseau, expérimenté en Uruguay depuis le début de la décennie 2010, nous a aussi amené à identifier les dynamiques naissantes des agents économiques restants dans la gestion des systèmes de production. Nous avons enfin replacé notre analyse en perspective des débats sur les transformations liées à la financiarisation de l’agriculture
This research deals with the development of soybean and meat agribusiness, and of its particular expansion in Latin America since 2008. Our analysis considers the impact of the development of financial markets-linked productions onto the technical development and economic results of the agents involved in the production process, as well as onto the sustainability of theses production systems. This work was conducted in two areas in Uruguay (Young and Ansina), selected for having different characteristics about the timeline and the stage of the financialized productive forms development. We have used the agrarian system approach, in order to emphasize the differentiation dynamic of agricultural production systems in the concerned territories, and their production and added-value distribution. We have highlighted the evolution of relations of production in these farming systems, and their consequences onto growing inequalities in regards to access to productive resources. The reflux in very large networking companies, seen in Uruguay in the early 2010’s, has also led us to identify the remaining land users emerging strategies for productive system management. Finally, we have also taken into consideration the debates induced by these dramatic changes linked to financialization of agriculture to ponderate our study

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Kuzniak, Stephen. "Analyzing the college educated workforce needs of Georiga's agribusiness industry." 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/kuzniak%5Fstephen%5Ff%5F200905%5Fms.

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Pekkirbizli, Tuba. "Qualitätssicherungssysteme im türkischen Agribusiness." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-996B-E.

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Die Lebensmittelsicherheit hat in der türkischen Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft in den letzten Jahren erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dies ist vor allem der Tatsache geschuldet, nach dem die Türkei im Jahr 2005 als Beitrittskandidat der Europäischen Union (EU) akkreditiert wurde, denn die EU ist mit Abstand der wichtigste Handelspartner der Türkei für Agrarprodukte. Die Türkei hat im Jahre 2012 einen Handelsüberschuss im Agrarsektor von 3,6 Mrd. allein Euro mit den EU-27 Ländern erwirtschaftet (Eurostat, 2013). Das Dissertationsprojekt befasst sich im Rahmen einer empirischen Untersuchung mit den Zertifizierungssystemen im türkischen Agribusiness und es wurde insbesondere untersucht, welche Einflussgrößen auf die Zertifizierungsentscheidungen in der türkischen Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft existieren. Dazu wurden anhand einer Online-Befragung Daten von weiterverarbeitenden Betrieben gesammelt und für weite Teile der Türkei systematisiert. Überdies wurden sieben persönliche Interviews in ebensolchen Unternehmen durchgeführt sowie Experten aus dem türkischen Ministerium für Landwirtschaft sowie dem EU-Ministerium zum Thema Zertifizierungssysteme befragt. Da die Türkei Nettoexporteur von Agrarprodukten ist, wird dieser eine entschiedene Einfluss auf die künftige internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ihrer Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft allgemeinen zugerechnet.

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Abeysekera, Krishan S. C. "An exploration of antecedents and consequences of supplier connectedness in the Canadian agribusiness industry." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20791.

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Castanheira, Catarina Teixeira da Veiga. "Jerónimo Martins Agribusiness : a case study on vertical integration." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29004.

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This case study aims to present and explain the case of vertical integration of Jerónimo Martins Agribusiness by the parent company, Jerónimo Martins, a Portuguese company which operates within the food retail industry. For a company with over 225 years of experience in the food retail business, the decision to invest in the production of strategic products came as a surprise. But this is what distinguishes Jerónimo Martins. It is an innovative company, that, by challenging itself, brings new ways and ideas into the market. As a learning tool, this thesis will explore the definition of vertical integration, why it was a possibility for Jerónimo Martins as well as which areas they chose to vertically integrate and why. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to map the company’s process of vertical integration by mirroring the main strategic decisions and challenges over the last 5 years. Furthermore, picking up on the strategy implemented by Jerónimo Martins in Madeira, this thesis will also explore the concept of joint venture as an alternative option for companies that consider expanding their operations.
Este case study pretende apresentar o caso de integração vertical da Jerónimo Martins Agroalimentar, empresa do Grupo Jerónimo Martins, um grupo português que atua no sector da distribuição alimentar. Para uma empresa com mais de 225 anos de experiência no setor da distribuição alimentar, a decisão de iniciar a produção de produtos-chave foi uma surpresa. Mas é isto que distingue a Jerónimo Martins. É uma empresa inovadora, que, ao desafiar-se, introduz novos caminhos e ideias neste mercado. Como ferramenta de aprendizagem, esta dissertação irá explorar a definição de integração vertical e porque foi uma possibilidade para o grupo. Irá também analisar as áreas que a empresa elegeu para iniciar este projeto e os motivos dessa decisão. O objetivo final deste trabalho será traçar o caminho percorrido pela empresa neste processo de integração vertical ao explicitar as principais decisões estratégicas e os desafios que enfrentaram nestes últimos cinco anos. Ademais, será também trabalhado o conceito de joint venture, com ligação à estratégia utilizada pela Jerónimo Martins Agroalimentar na Madeira, como estratégia alternativa para empresas que pretendem expandir as suas atividades.

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Yang, San S. A., and 楊勝安. "The Political Economy of Flower Industry Exchanges between Taiwan and China（1978－2005）：The view point of agribusiness." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29330361249928939439.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
94
After1987 Taiwan opened the gate for China visiting, the cross-strait flower business exchanges has developed prosperously. Taiwan’s businessmen were attracted by the highly developing market in China; therefore, the cross-strait trade and flower business investment reached the top in 1990s. With more input of Taiwanese growers, China’s floral business continuously grows rapidly. Compared to the growing China, Taiwan’s flower industry has been stagnant due to international political economy conditions and the transfer of manpower and investment to China. Moreover, the DPP government poistioned the cross-strait relationship to be “Proactive management and effective opening” which results in the constriction of exchanges between both sides. On the opposite sides on political issues, Taiwan and China are getting co-independent on economic developments. To flower industry exchanges, Taiwan’s government in order to prevent more investment to China more regulations were made; however, this leads more investments in China reflecting the reality that China is a booming market in the world. The thesis is based on political economy integration from an agribusiness angle using historical structural study to analyze the current situation. Besides literature review, the writer uses his long term industry experience as the basis to have discussions with Taiwanese investors in China and Chinese related organizations in order to understand the policy making of both sides and trying to find ways to support Taiwan’s flower industry from the government’s angle. Also, by Chinese experiences, growers in Taiwan could set a new direction for future developments. The cross-strait flower industry exchanges are serious because it is a potential topic among frequent cross-strait exchanges issues. Meanwhile, it concerns the benefit of the amount of growers, and it is not so involved in the national security concerns. In addition, Taiwan’s agricultural developments have been a model for China, thus, the flower industry exchanges could be the first step for further cooperation

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Ho-hsi, Lee, and 李河錫. "A Policy Analysis of Taiwan’s Agribusiness in theTrend of Globalization: A Case Study of the Flower Industry in Changhua County." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11847360971226442472.

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碩士
國立中正大學
政治學研究所
92
Abstract 　　This study utilizes the Qualitative Research Method using the case of Changhua County’s flower industry to explore the impact on Taiwan’s agribusiness in the wake of economic globalization and increasing openness between Taiwan and the Mainland, as well as make suggestions concerning policy. Conclusions for this study are as follows: 1. On the impact of economic globalization, state sovereignty will require some functional modifications to preserve the existing integrity. 2. The relationship between Taiwan’s agricultural sector and globalization are inseparable from Taiwan’s relations with the Mainland. 3. The difficulties facing Taiwan’s agribusiness not only include the challenges of globalization but also lack a far-sighted governmental policy. 4. Taiwan’s government bears the responsibility to institute far-sighted agricultural developmental policies within the framework of the WTO. 5. Both Taiwan''s agribusiness sectors and agricultural groups require an understanding of a positive transition to face the challenges of the new era.

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(10711716), Orlando Francisco Rodriguez Izaba. "VALUE-ADDED STRATEGIES IN THE SPECIALTY CROP INDUSTRY: EXPLORING FARMERS' DRIVERS AND STRATEGIES AT THE FARM LEVEL." Thesis, 2021.

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Value-added (VA) technologies can help farmers in the specialty crop industry generate new products, increase off-season income sources, expand market access, and improve overall profitability. These technologies can support the development of rural economies through the generation of new businesses and job creation. The USDA defines VA products as those 1) changed physical, 2) produced in a manner that enhances their value, and 3) physically segregated in a manner that results in enhancement of their value. Drawing from this definition, this study investigated VA technologies such as drying, cutting into customer-ready portions, washing and labeling specialty crops. The objectives of this study are threefold. First, we analyze how market access and diversification drive specialty crop farmers to adopt VA technologies. Second, we address the potential endogeneity between the adoption of VA technologies (vertical diversification) and the number of crops (horizontal diversification). Lastly, we investigate how market access drives farmers to utilize food labels for VA products. Data for this study came from a 2019 web-based survey of specialty crop farmers. A total of 766 farmers completed the survey, with a response rate of 21.5%. The questionnaire included questions related to farmer’s demographics (i.e., educational attainment, gender, farming experience), farm characteristics (i.e., crops, markets, and growing technologies), and farmers’ beliefs regarding their farm system. Results suggest that market access is a significant driver of VA technology adoption. Also, the size of the farm, networks, farmer’s perceptions, and employment growth influence adopting VA technologies. The results also show us that farmers adopting VA technologies tend to experience economic growth.

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Pimenta, Luis Carlos Queiroz. "The logistics of milk collection : an exploratory case study between New Zealand and Brazil : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for a degree of Master in Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Massey University, Palmerston North Campus, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1334.

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Logistics has became one of the most important activities for all companies where has been treated as strategic function to gain competitive advantage over a companies' competitors. Agribusiness as any other business is also using logistics tools in their supply chain to reduce their chain cost and more important to improve their business efficiency as a whole. Transportation is one of the logistics activities that most influences price of product which in some cases can represent 25% of the final price. Milk collection for a dairy business plays an important part in the overall performance of the company. A poor milk collection system jeopardise the entire chain as it is the first stage of the manufacturing process. The main purpose of this work is to identify and describe the possible differences and similarities between a Brazilian and New Zealand Dairy Company regarding their logistics of milk collection. Even though the two companies are in the same business segment they are inserted in different environments/markets therefore need to deal with different issues regarding milk collection such as companies' structure, milk production's cycle, and routing and scheduling applications. However, both understand the importance of the logistics activities and apply tools in their chain to improve their efficiency. Due to its size and market share the New Zealand Company has a better collection system in place than the Brazilian Company. Both have implemented some changes in the last few years that brought some improvements for their milk collection.

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Laca-Vina, Hector. "An application of Malmquist productivity index to compare technological and growth differences between traditional and non-traditional dairy regions in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Agribusiness at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1290.

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The NZ dairy industry has adopted an encompassing measure of performance, total factor productivity (TFP), as a target measure to guide on-farm improvements. Dairy farmers pay a levy in order to fund agricultural research and extension. Extension services and R&D will continue to be of critical importance to maintain and improve productivity at the farm level. Consequently, it is in the best interest of the dairy industry to adequately target R&D and extension funds and make the best use of resources. To date, the methodology employed to estimate productivity growth has some shortcomings that seriously hamper the ability of potential users to extract useful information from it. First, productivity growth has been reported as an aggregate for the entire dairy industry. Second, it makes no assumption about the efficiency with which resources are being used. Third, it implicitly assumes that all farms face the same technology. Productivity growth can be achieved either through better (more efficient) use of the technology applied, through the adoption of a new technology (technical progress) or a combination of both. Given that the sources of productivity change—technical progress and technical efficiency change—are fundamentally different phenomena, they are, in turn, influenced by different factors. This distinction is important for policy orientation because different instruments/tools may be required to address them. Furthermore, empirical evidence suggests that a variety of farming systems have emerged as a result of dairy farming geographical expansion. Farm-level panel data were used to estimate the Malmquist productivity change index. This index can provide additional insights since it can be decomposed into two additional components, one that measures changes in technical efficiency (i.e., whether firms are getting closer to the production frontier over time), and one that measures changes in technology (i.e., whether the production frontier is moving outwards over time). Hence, it provides individual (farm) estimates of TFP. Moreover, the methodology applied allows to test whether farms in the two regions considered in this study are operating under the sametechnology. These two regions were the long-established dairy areas of Waikato-Taranaki and the newly developed dairy areas of Canterbury-Southland. Results for farms in Waikato-Taranaki indicate that annual TFP change is modest, ranging from 0.29% per annum to 0.59% per annum. Most importantly, technical progress is the only source of TFP change in all four models. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage investments in new R&D targeted to remove the technological constraints that impede the realisation of further productivity gains in the regions. However, important differences in the estimates of TFP, technical progress and change in technical efficiency between models were found for farms in Canterbury-Southland. Estimates of TFP change ranged from 0.7% per annum to 2.8% per annum. Even though technical progress and change in technical efficiency contributed to total factor productivity growth (TFPG), the latter component was the most important contributor in three of the four models. Moreover, in two models the rate of technical progress was negative (i.e., technical regress). The analyses indicate that dairy farms in Canterbury-Southland were on average 10% more productive than farms in Waikato-Taranaki when farms in both regions faced the frontier. These results were consistent for all the input/output set chosen. Furthermore, the null hypothesis that the two regions do not face the same production technology (i.e., each region has it own production frontier) was accepted irrespective of the input/output set chosen. The rejection of the null hypothesis, that farms in traditional and non-traditional dairy regions were operating under the same underlying technology (and hence face the same production frontier), called for a review of the traditional approach to R&D in one central experimental station, strengthening the need for a local approach through the promotion of networks and synergies with universities and other research institutions.

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Haberli, Junior Caetano. "Understanding the determinants of evaluation, adoption and routinisation of ERP technology (Enterprise Resource Planning) in the context of agricultural farms." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/79657.

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A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management, specialization in Information and Decision Systems
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the determinants of the adoption of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) technology in agricultural farms in Brazil. The data were collected in 502 personal interviews with farmers of soy, corn, cotton, coffee, beans, wheat, peanuts, fruits, sugarcane and cattle raising, The data gathering instrument used for the quantitative research was built based on the result of the qualitative study in combination with three theories: Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), Technology-Organization-Environment Framework (TOE), and Interorganizational Relations (IORs). Structural Equations (SEM) methodology was used to analyze the data and hypothesis. The results indicate the significant drivers for Evaluation, Adoption, and Routinisation. Also, we analyzed the ERP impact on farm performance based on resource-based view (RBV). We hope this work can bring a theoretical and practical contribution for the agribusiness field and also increase debates about the platforms on cloud computer based on ERP, Enterprise 2,0 and Industry 4.0. The results this thesis provide information to agribusiness owners, managers and administrators to promote and incentivize the use of ERP.

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Gobaw, Berhanu Zeleke. "Challenges and opportunities of development in Ethiopia through urban-rural economic linkages (URELs)." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21172.

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The transformation of rural people and land to urban land and culture is a natural discourse and inevitable process. In the process, more than half of the current world population are living in urban centres. The number of urban centres and their population is rapidly increasing while the situation of integrated development of urban centres and rural areas such URELs for sustainable development have given less attention in agricultural based countries (ABCs). Multi-disciplinary (agriculture and agro-industries) integration, multi-spatial (urban centre and its hinterlands) linkages, multiscalar (micromeso and macro) levels, multi-actors and stakeholders involvement are the noteworthy innovations in the field of development studies. This study mainly focused on URELs for agribusiness and value chains under the development themes of governance and development as well as contemporary debates. Policies, institutional settings and practical implementation strategies of integrated and balanced development discourse of basic sectoral and urban-rural economic linkages (URELs) missed in ABCs such as Ethiopia‟s comprehensive development policy ADLI neglecting the rapidly growing urban centres. Owing to this, this study is designed to examine the challenges and problems, status and agribusiness and efficiencies of URELs for exploring theoretical empirical model for virtuous circle URELs. Methodologically, the study used sequential explanatory mixed methods research and cross-sectional survey design. The sequential approach was quantitative method, qualitative method and integrating the two findings on interpretation and discussion. The findings present truncated BPLs and FPLs of agriculture and agroindustries. It was was mainly due to poor and greater ranges of efficiency from TE, AE and EE for both agriculture and agro-industries, form of government as ethnic-federalism and regionalism, violation of the existing institutional frameworks, dejure-defacto discrminatin, government businesses, policy and institutional settings, lack of R&D, many paradoxical acts and poor resources mobilization and utilization. These problems and challenges are taken as potential opportunities for improvement and new lens of developing empirical model. The overall recommendation lies on creating enabling environment for virtuous circle URELs and integrated regional development using regional development approach, avoiding illegal interventions, import-export balance, proper resource mobilization and utilization.
Development Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

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