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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agricultura – Ecuador'
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1
Herrera, Freire Alexander Geovanny. "El impacto de las políticas gubernamentales en el desarrollo del sector productivo bananero, provincia de El Oro, del Ecuador periodo 2011- 2012." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6675.
Full textAbstract:
Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorRealiza un análisis a la aplicación de la política gubernamental y su impacto en la evolución del sector bananero de la provincia de El Oro en los años 2011-2012, enfocándose en aspectos de información del sector bananero y análisis de la política gubernamental en el aspecto tributario, laboral y ambiental. Una vez detectados los puntos de impacto de la política dentro del sector bananero se dará paso al detalle de los criterios importantes que manifiestan los productores de la fruta dentro del marco regulatorio, sus conformidades e inconformidades en cuanto al cambio de la reforma al Código Orgánico de la Producción.
Tesis
2
Aguirre, Merino Christiam Paúl. "Agricultura precolombina kañari, sistemas de cultivos agroecológicos y transformación de paisajes agrìcolas: arqueobotánica en la Cuenca del Chanchán (Andes Centrales del Ecuador)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672060.
Full textAbstract:
La investigació mostra informació inèdita sobre un conjunt de dades arqueobotàniques obtingudes en les excavacions arqueològiques de llocs de producció agrícola prehispànics localitzats a la conca del Chanchán (543 AC-1438 DC). Aquestes proporcionen la primera evidència arqueobotánica de la regió i dels Andes de l’Equador. Els resultats obtinguts han permés caracteritzar com les societats Andinas prehispánicas van gestionar els seus sistemes de cultius agroecològics per a la producció de blat de moro (Zea mays) durant una llarga trajectòria històrica de 2000 mil ans. Es demostra que l’elasticitat de l’agricultura Andina va ser sostinguda sota models d’intensificació progressiva, sense que això representés un retrocés natural dels processos ecosistèmics en els seus camps de cultius. Els sistemes de cultius van incloure pràctiques agroecològiques en benefici de la cura de les plantes d’importància econòmica i d’una agrobiodiversitat conscientment seleccionada. L’agricultura sorgiria i es perllongaria de manera extensiva en camps permanents fa al voltant de 783 anys, posteriorment s’intensificaria l’ús de la terra amb la construcción de terrasses agrícoles per un lapse de 386 anys i, finalment, aquesta intensificació es regularia agroecològicament mitjançant l’aplicació de principis ecològics durant 812 anys fins al llindar de la civilització Andina.La investigación muestra información inédita sobre un conjunto de datos arqueobotánicos obtenidos en las excavaciones arqueológicas de sitios de producción agrícola prehispánicos localizados en la cuenca del Chanchán (543 AC–1438 DC). Estos proporcionan la primera evidencia arqueobotánica de la región y de los Andes del Ecuador. Los resultados han permitido caracterizar como las sociedades Andinas prehispánicas gestionaron sus sistemas de cultivos agroecológicos para la producción del maíz (Zea mays) durante una larga trayectoria histórica de 2000 mil años. Se demuestra que la elasticidad de la agricultura Andina puede ser sostenida bajo modelos de intensificación progresiva, sin que esto representase un retroceso natural de los procesos ecosistémicos en sus campos de cultivos. Los sistemas de cultivos incluyeron prácticas agroecológicas en beneficio del cuidado de las plantas de importancia económica y de una agrobiodiversidad conscientemente seleccionada. La agricultura surgiría y se prolongaría de manera extensiva en campos permanentes por alrededor de 783 años, posteriormente se intensificaría en el uso de la tierra con la construcción de terrazas agrícolas por un lapso de 386 años y, finalmente, esta intensificación se regularía agroecológicamente mediante la aplicación de principios ecológicos durante 812 años hasta el umbral de la civilización Andina.
The research shows unpublished information on a set of archeobotanical data obtained in archaeological excavations of pre-Hispanic agricultural production sites located in the Chanchán basin (543 BC-1438 AD). These provide the first archeobotanical evidence for the region and the Andes of Ecuador. The results have made it possible to characterize how the pre-Hispanic Andean societies managed their agro-ecological crop systems for the production of corn (Zea mays) during a long historical trajectory of 2000 thousand years. It is shown that the elasticity of Andean agriculture can be sustained under models of progressive intensification, without this representing a natural regression of the ecosystem processes in their crop fields. The cropping systems included agroecological practices to benefit the care of economically important plants and consciously selected agrobiodiversity. Agriculture would emerge and extend extensively in permanent fields for around 783 years, later it would intensify in the use of the land with the construction of agricultural terraces for a period of 386 years and, finally, this intensification would be agroecologically regulated through application of ecological principles for 812 years until the threshold of Andean civilization.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Arqueologia Prehistòrica
3
Gómez, de la Torre Sara, Susana Anda, and Garland Eduardo Bedoya. "Historical processes and structural factors of deforestation in the Amazon: the case of Tena, Ecuador (2014)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119761.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe the historical, institutional and structural factors of deforestation taking into account the dynamics of intensification or «extensification» of land use in the Amazon region of Tena in Ecuador. A first conclusion was finding the reproduction of an extensive pattern of agriculture in Tena as an important direct agent of deforestation. We believe that this agricultural system originates in historical processes from the sixties, when the state intervenes promoting certain policies of extensive land use, through road construction and specific mechanisms of land titling. The current social and institutional dynamics have failed to reverse such situation, since deforestation is still playing, although there is a tendency to close the agricultural frontier. The indicated form of farming and the corresponding rates of deforestation are played today as a result of structural factors, such as farm size, proximity to roads, the type of technology used and unfavorable market linkages.El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar y describir los factores históricos, institucionales y estructurales de la deforestación teniendo en cuenta la dinámica de intensificación o «extensificación» de uso del suelo en la región amazónica de Tena, en Ecuador. Una primera conclusión fue constatar la reproducción de una agricultura extensiva en Tena como un importante agente directo de la deforestación. Creemos que dicho sistema agrícola se origina en procesos históricos, desde la década de 1960, cuando el Estado ecuatoriano interviene fomentando ciertas políticas de ocupación extensiva del suelo, a través de la construcción de caminos de penetración y algunas modalidades específicas de titulación de tierras. Las dinámicas sociales e institucionales actuales no han logrado revertir tal situación, pues la deforestación se sigue reproduciendo, a pesar de que existe la tendencia a que se cierre la frontera agrícola. La indicada forma de agricultura y las correspondientes tasas de deforestación se reproducen en la actualidad como resultado de factores estructurales, tales como el tamaño del predio, cercanía a las carreteras, el tipo de tecnología utilizada y una desfavorable articulación con el mercado.
4
Camacho, Freddy R. "Determinantes que influyen sobre la intención de adaptarse de los agricultores ante el cambio climático. Caso de estudio Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14883.
Full textAbstract:
Los agricultores se encuentran en un entorno muy riesgoso y complejo ante el cambio climático a partir de los cuales han sufrido graves pérdidas económicas. Con respecto a esto, se vuelve importante identificar los mecanismos asociados a prevenir o mitigar estos impactos, en particular establecer el grado de la intención a la adaptación y las variables involucradas que permitan lograr estos cambios. La intención a la adaptación ha sido investigada con respecto a factores demográficos y socioeconómicos, donde ha resultado que el crédito, acceso a la tierra, acceso a la información, entre otros, permiten explicar la toma de decisiones del agricultor. Mientras tanto, se ha dejado de lado y han sido poco investigados los procesos psicológicos acerca de la intención de adaptarse o no de los agricultores ante el cambio climático, de manera que la presente investigación busca determinar los factores que afectan la intención de adaptación basado en la teoría de la motivación y protección en vista de que incorpora variables psicológicas. Las variables analizadas en la investigación, que más adelante serán conocidas como constructos, son: percepción al riesgo, normas subjetivas, capacidad de adaptación y finalmente la intención a la adaptación. El tipo de investigación realizada fue de carácter descriptivo y correlacional además de utilizarse un enfoque cuantitativo, método analítico y deductivo, seguido por un diseño no experimental. La población fueron los pequeños agricultores y se consideró una muestra de 263 encuestas en la Costa y Sierra del Ecuador. En conclusión, los resultados fueron que la percepción del riesgo afecta dos veces más que las normas subjetivas en la intención a la adaptación, considerando que la variable capacidad de adaptación juega un rol importante como variable mediadora de la percepción del riesgo y normas subjetivas ante la intención de la adaptación; además la presente investigación permitió dar una mayor generalidad a resultados encontrados por otros investigadores en otros contextos, que no incluyen el contexto investigado.Nowadays, farmers are in a very risky and complex environment in the face of climate changes, from which they have suffered serious economic losses. Taking this into account, it becomes important to identify the mechanisms associated with preventing or mitigating these impacts, particularly, establishing the degree of intent to adapt and the variables involved that allow these changes to be achieved. The intent to adapt has been investigated regarding demographic and socioeconomic factors, where it has turned out that credit, access to land, access to information, among others, allow explaining the farmer’s decision making. Meanwhile, psychological processes about the farmers’ intent to adapt or not to climate changes have been neglected, and so the present research seeks to determine the factors that affect the intent to adapt based on the protection and motivation theory because it incorporates psychological variables. The variables analyzed in the research, which will later be known as constructs, are: risk perception, subjective norms, ability to adapt and finally the intention to adapt. The type of research carried out was of a descriptive and correlational nature, in addition to using a quantitative approach, analytical and deductive method, followed by a non-experimental design. The population was small farmers and a sample of 263 surveys was considered in the Coast and Highlands of Ecuador. In conclusion, the results were that the risk perception affects twice as much as the subjective norms in the intent to adapt, considering that the variable ability to adapt plays an important role as a mediating variable of the risk perception and subjective norms to the intent to adapt; in addition, the present investigation allowed to give a greater generality to results found by other researchers in other contexts, which do not include the context investigated.
Tesis
5
Cabanilla, Guerra Mara Karina. "Gestión estratégica global para las empresas de productos alimenticios orgánicos no tradicionales caso Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5403.
Full textAbstract:
Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDiseña un modelo de gestión estratégica global para las empresas agrícolas que permita mejorar los productos alimenticios orgánicos no tradicionales en el Ecuador mediante estrategias en la gestión de producción, gestión de comercialización internacional, gestión de la tecnología y gestión del Capital Humano. La investigación fue de tipo teórica, donde se explica las gestiones estratégicas que debe desarrollar las empresas de productos alimenticios orgánicos no tradicionales. Por su temporalidad es diacrónica prospectiva, ya que se revisa por un periodo de nueve años del 2005 al 2013 el desempeño de las variables en mención, se obtiene la estimación de los parámetros para luego estructurar la predicción a corto plazo. El nivel de la investigación es multi-paradigmática: descriptiva y explicativa. Multi-paradigmática porque se presentan varias disciplinas que tienen que ver con la problemática, no solo la agricultura, y descriptiva porque se efectúa una detallada descripción de información contendida en libros, tesis, trabajos diversos y antecedentes anteriores ubicados en diversos medios como Base de Datos de sitios validados.
Tesis
6
Ortega, Arcia Luis Alberto. "Producción científica tecnológica del cacao fino de aroma y la brecha de desigualdad social en la provincia de Manabí." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10534.
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Establece la relación entre la producción científica tecnológica del cacao fino de aroma y la brecha de desigualdad socio-económica en la provincia de Manabí durante el periodo 2006-2015. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de cada variable apoyado con tablas y figuras, siendo la naturaleza del estudio cuantitativo se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas, con la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov – Smirnov – Lilliefors se estableció la normalidad y se probó las hipótesis a través de la prueba paramétrica correlación lineal de Pearson y se procedió con la estimación puntual. De esta forma, uno de los principales resultados es que existe una relación negativa y estadísticamente significativa entre producción científica tecnológica del cacao fino de aroma y la brecha de desigualdad socio-económica en la provincia de Manabí; a su vez el grado de correlación de Pearson fue de (-0,752). La principal conclusión es que durante el periodo 2006 – 2015 el aumento de la productividad de la producción científica tecnológica del cacao fino de Aroma se debió a la transformación estructural de sus procesos productivos en la provincia de Manabí. Sin embargo, este efecto no es suficiente para determinar las causas de la reducción de la brecha de la desigualdad socio-económica porque se trató de una investigación correlacional.Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López
Tesis
7
Pinto, Rodríguez Roque Rafael. "La gestión de las microempresas del cacao y sus efectos en el comportamiento de las exportaciones en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchillas – Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10497.
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Aborda la gestión de las microempresas del cacao y su efecto en el comportamiento de las exportaciones en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas en Ecuador. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo en el que se aplicaron encuestas a una muestra de 95 cacaoteros de un universo de 465 agricultores; y se realizaron 30 observaciones a fincas cacaoteras mediante una lista de chequeo. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor parte de los cacaoteros se caracteriza, una gestión administrativa y operativa informal, en la que prima el saber ancestral, y que han recibido poco apoyo en transferencia técnica y de conocimiento por parte del Estado. Las exportaciones de cacao desde esta provincia se ven limitadas debido a que los cacaoteros no alcanzan los estándares de calidad y requisitos mínimos necesarios para la exportación. Se encontró una correlación de 0,876 (Pearson) entre el nivel de gestión administrativa y operativa y la participación en exportaciones. Como propuesta se formuló una serie de lineamientos que funcionarían a través del apoyo estatal, sustentados en mejorar la capacitación, conocimiento y tecnificación; además de impulsar procesos de asociatividad para la conformación de gremios que fortalezcan su poder de negociación, abrir puertas al acceso a créditos y apoyo técnico.Tesis
8
Romero, Cardenas Erika Jadira. "La gestión estratégica y su incidencia en el desarrollo socioeconómico de los agronegocios de cacao del cantón Milagro - Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7695.
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Plantea una propuesta de gestión que responda a las variaciones del mercado con procesos técnicos después de cosechar aplicando tecnología aprovechar recursos y capacidades de las asociaciones con una propuesta que respete, preserve el medio ambiente para entregar al mercado internacional cacao procesado y chocolate artesanal como alternativa de emprendimiento, impulsando actividades de cambio en la matriz productiva para alcanzar el buen vivir. La investigación se realizó de forma descriptiva y no experimental en su contexto de campo, con orientación temporal histórica, transversal y explicativa. Participaron 358 socios activos de cuatro grupos que conforman la asociación, con la aplicación de un instrumento se trabajó con 189 socios activos. La indagación considerada responde a la hipótesis que se planteó, la gestión estratégica influye en la situación socioeconómica de los agronegocios enfocada en un modelo de gestión estratégica (Romero Cárdenas, 2017).Tesis
9
Mosquera, Serrano Mariana Eulalia. "La adaptación del sector lácteo del Ecuador ante procesos de integración regional: el caso de la parroquia Tarqui (Azuay)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/73452.
Full textAbstract:
La adaptación exitosa de los productores de ganadería lechera de los países en desarrollo como Ecuador a la apertura derivada de las alianzas comerciales es compleja y dependerá de la capacidad de los gobiernos para desarrollar políticas que motiven la producción bajo sistemas lecheros familiares con prácticas ecológicas; pero sobretodo es esencial que colectividades de productores se asocien y organicen en cooperativas para conseguir eficiencia económica y poder de negociación en los mercados.
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Capa, Benitez Lenny Beatriz. "Metodología para el registro de los costos de producción de banano orgánico con enfoque ambiental en Machala, provincia de El Oro, Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6122.
Full textAbstract:
Realiza un análisis sobre la percepción de los costos indirectos de fabricación, como uno de los nudos relevantes en la producción del banano orgánico, en empresas del Cantón Machala en Ecuador. Analiza el sistema de costeo para afianzar la forma de registro de la agregación de los costos que se aplican, con énfasis en el elemento costos indirectos de producción y la determinación de sus procesos. Elabora una metodología para la determinación de los costos de producción de banano orgánico con un enfoque ambiental, basado en el modelo ABC. Aplica una encuesta a una muestra de 66 empresas bananeras orgánicas. Obtiene un enfoque de análisis que mejora la gestión de agregación de los costos de producción en un entorno medioambiental, una metodología derivada de las actividades que consumen recursos, que permite determinar el beneficio ambiental, elementos derivados de este como el suelo, agua atmósfera e individuo. Incluye además los gastos de administración por considerarlos costos indirectos de fabricación.Tesis
11
Luque, Vera Juan Carlos. "Comportamiento de las emisiones y absorciones de gases de efecto invernadero provenientes del sector Afolu. Manabí, Ecuador durante el periodo 2004 - 2013." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7608.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDetermina si los gases de efecto invernadero del sector agricultura, silvicultura y cambio del uso del suelo, a través del tiempo, se comportan de manera positiva o negativa en relación a las emisiones y absorciones netas, en la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador, en un período comprendido de diez años (2004 – 2013). Para ello, se evaluaron todas las categorías y subcategorías de este sector que emiten gases de efecto invernadero, así como los sumideros terrestres de dióxido de carbono, siguiendo las guías y directrices emitidas por el Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático, IPCC. El estudio utilizó dos metodologías propuestas por el IPCC, la primera correspondiente a las hojas de cálculo del IPCC 1996 y la segunda al software IPCC 2006. La información procesada se obtuvo de fuentes oficiales de los Ministerios de Agricultura y Ambiente, consulta a expertos y análisis de interpolación y extrapolación. Con ambas metodologías, los resultados del modelo de regresión mostraron, a través de la estimación de la pendiente (b1), que las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en la provincia aumentarán en 52,963 Gg CO2-eq. y en 35,537 Gg CO2-eq., con el aumento de cada año, para las metodologías IPCC 1996 & IPCC 2006, respectivamente. La prueba de T Student reflejó una evidencia muy significativa de la diferencia entre las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de ambas metodologías. Con la metodología IPCC 1996, las emisiones netas en el año 2013 fueron de 1909,041 Gg CO2-eq, con una incertidumbre de ± 17,33%, con un incremento del 21,03%; y la incertidumbre de la tendencia fue de ± 9,22%. Con la metodología IPCC 2006, las emisiones netas en el año 2013 fueron de 1500,024 Gg CO2-eq, con una incertidumbre de ± 21,55%. El incremento fue del 17,67%; y la incertidumbre de la tendencia fue ± 8,45%.
Tesis
12
Espinoza, Toalombo Rosa Aurora. "Gestión de calidad y desarrollo agroexportador de los productores de piña del cantón Naranjito, provincia del Guayas-Ecuador, 2011 - 2016." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7925.
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El documento digital no refiere un asesorDetermina de qué manera la gestión de calidad influye en el desarrollo agroexportador de los productores agrícolas de la piña de la Asociación de Trabajadores Autónomos la Paquita en la ciudad de Naranjito. Se pretende alcanzar el objetivo mencionado, a través de una investigación de tipo exploratorio, correlacional, explicativo y descriptivo. Entre las técnicas que se emplean están, la encuesta y la entrevista, con sus respectivos instrumentos como son el cuestionario y la guía de preguntas. Se propone una Guía de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas para la piña, con el objetivo de contribuir con los productores de piña de la Asociación de Trabajadores Agrícolas Autónomos la Paquita (Cantón Naranjito), brindándoles las pautas para la aplicación de los elementos de planeación, control y mejora de la calidad, a fin de llegar a la exportación de su producción.
Tesis
13
Tcherhikov, Adrian Dario Rivera. "Uma nova cidade agricola: o viver do metabolismo arquitectónico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27922.
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Ecuador desempeña un papel central en la conservación de la naturaleza. En línea con la
geometría ortogonal de los Incas, y la adaptación al territorio de los Cañaris, este proyecto
redefine el límite entre áreas protegidas y productivas. De acuerdo al movimiento del Metabolismo
japonés, propongo reinterpretar la ciudad agrícola en Machachi. Un centro de investigación
crea un espacio de conocimiento agroecológico, que pretende apoyar los objetivos
constitucionales relativos a la soberanía alimentaria.
Vivir y producir son procesos complementarios que pueden permitir formar una comunidad
autosuficiente, incluyendo el desarrollo gastronómico con productos locales y orgánicos. Los
sistemas agrícolas industriales de Ecuador se enfrentan a un descenso productivo. Este centro
de investigación, pretende complementar el conocimiento sobre agricultura sostenible y
apoyar los sistemas alimentarios alternativos del país. Con base en referencias tecnológicas y
conceptuales, pretendo generar espacios que den soporte al desarrollo científico y creativo,
trascendiendo las fronteras institucionales; ABSTRACT: Ecuador plays a significant role in nature conservation. In line with the orthogonal geometry of
the Incas and the ability to adapt to the terrain as practiced by the Canaris, this project redefines
the limit between protected and productive areas. I propose to build on the ideas of the Japanese
metabolism movement, in order to reinterpret the agricultural city in Machachi. A research
center builds an experimental zone for agroecological knowledge which can support the country’s
constitutional aims concerning food sovereignty.
Living and producing are complementary processes which can enable a self-sufficient community
including gastronomic development with local and organic foods. Ecuador’s industrialized
agricultural systems are facing decreasing levels of productivity. This research center is intended
to complement the existing knowledge on sustainable agriculture and support Ecuador’s alternative
food systems. My purpose, based on technological and conceptual references, is to
generate spaces for science and creativity while transcending institutional boundaries; RESUMO: O Equador desempenha um papel significativo na conservação da natureza. Em linha com a
geometria ortogonal dos Incas e a adaptação ao terreno dos Canharis, este projeto redefine
o limite entre áreas protegidas e produtivas. De acordo com o movimento do Metabolismo
japonês, proponho-me reinterpretar a cidade agrícola em Machachi. Um centro de pesquisa
constrói um espaço de conhecimento agroecológico que pode apoiar os objetivos constitucionais
do país relativamente à soberania alimentar.
Viver e produzir são processos complementares que permitem uma comunidade auto-suficiente,
incluindo o desenvolvimento gastronómico com alimentos locais e orgânicos. Os sistemas
agrícolas industrializados do Equador enfrentam níveis decrescentes de produtividade.
Este centro de pesquisa pretende complementar o conhecimento existente sobre agricultura
sustentável e apoiar os sistemas alimentares alternativos do Equador. A partir de uma análise
profunda das referências tecnológicas e conceptuais, pretendo criar espaços para a ciência e
a criatividade, transcendendo as fronteiras institucionais.
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Ramos, Sevilla Edgar Iván. "Minimización de residuos lignocelulosicos en la elaboración de sustrato para el cultivo de setas Pleurotus ostreatus en Alausí, provincia de Chimborazo. Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6686.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEstudia el potencial de distintos residuos lignocelulósicos generados en la región del cantón Alausí, como sustratos para el cultivo del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus. Estos fueron vaina de arveja, bagazo de maíz y paja de trigo. Se evaluó el potencial de los tres sustratos con relación a la producción del hongo a través de los indicadores como la eficiencia biológica, el rendimiento y el porcentaje de biodegradación tras las cosechas. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que todos los sustratos, principalmente vaina de arveja y paja de trigo son aptos para el cultivo de Pleurotus ostreatus. La producción en peso de la biomasa que se obtuvo en los sustratos evaluados fue de 317,26 g para la vaina de arveja, 227,98 g para la paja de trigo y de 147,59 g para el bagazo de maíz. La mayor eficiencia biológica (EB) se obtuvo en el sustrato vaina de arveja con 90,35%, la paja de trigo con 70,80 % y el bagazo de maíz obtuvo la eficiencia biológica más baja de 58,05.%. En la vaina de arveja se obtuvo el mayor rendimiento con el 31.9 %, seguido por la paja de trigo con 22.15 % y finalmente el bagazo de maíz con un 14.73 %. El sustrato que mayor biodegradación experimento por la seta Pleurotus ostreatus en base a la pérdida de peso del mismo fue la vaina de arveja con el 36 %, en segundo lugar está la paja de trigo con el 32 % y finalmente el bagazo de maíz con el 26 %. Los resultados obtenidos establecen que es posible utilizar los residuos lignocelulósicos como sustrato para el desarrollo y producción del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus además que este procedimiento de biodegradación mediante un organismo celulolítico constituye una alternativa viable para la minimización de los residuales de difícil degradación que se generan en grandes cantidades, con la ventaja adicional de transformar la materia orgánica en un alimento de alta calidad.
Tesis
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Erickson, Jake. "Nutritional and Economic Analysis of Small-Scale Agriculture in Imbaburra, Ecuador." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1468.
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Nutritional and Economic Analysis of Small-Scale Agriculture in Imbabura, Ecuador Intervention projects in the developing world normally aim to satisfy either the nutritional needs of a group, or advancing the economic stability, but not both. One of the many issues that may arise by narrowly focusing and creating an aid program is that although a group may be fed, they are not equipped to mitigate risks that will arise after project completion and thus continue or revert back to a malnourished state. A bridge is required to join the economic and nutritional programs to create aid interventions that are sustainable past the point of donor separation.
This paper proposes the creation of a linear program model to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of such intervention programs.
Investigating the effects of merging economic and nutrition interventions as pursued in this report required the first step to be the creation of economic information for a typical small-scale farm. The region of Cochas, Imbabura, Ecuador was selected as the study area in which data would be collected for a representative sample of production and living circumstances of a poor, rural, and small-scale farmer.
A comprehensive set of estimated cost and return (enterprise) budgets for small-scale agricultural crops that could be grown by the representative farm family used in this analysis was developed. This was accomplished via data collected in rural Ecuador by Jake Erickson, a Master's student in the department of Applied Economics at Utah State University. Of the supervisory committee, daily interaction occurred with Dr. DeeVon Bailey, project supervisor, and Dr. Ruby Ward, linear program specialist, whom were crucial in project completion. Various scenarios of the linear program were run with variations to the selection of nutritional requirements, off-farm income, and allowing food purchases off the family farm. Each of these scenarios was pursued as they mimic circumstances in which families may struggle to exist within the developing world. The results of each run are compared across the set of results to help understand what assumptions need to exist to validate an intervention's approach to improving the standard of living or nutrition of the world's poor, rural, small-scale farmers.
This model is a preliminary attempt at assessing the sustainability of merging common intervention approaches and it should be recognized that further development is needed to create a more encompassing model. Utilizing enterprise budgets, a linear programming model, and nutritional information, such as is done in this study, can help in planning rural development interventions as the income maximization and least-cost diet models are integrated into one within the resource and management constraints of the representative small-scale farm.
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Coello, Arguello Agusta Filomena. "Role of farming women in the communities of Puculpala, Llulluchi, and Guzo, Quimiag, Chimborazo." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5351.
Full textAbstract:
In the Ecuadorian society there is a pronounced difference in the distribution of work between men and women. In the Ecuadorian society the man is dominant and the woman is seen as a free form of strenuous and excessive labor, who often goes without pay. The woman herself minimizes her own contribution in the production process, thereby magnifying this culture distinction. The division of work related responsibilities, through gender distinctions, has given women more tasks to complete, in addition to those generally reserved for females (taking care of the children, the animals and various household chores). Women also tend to aide in agricultural production, which often generates an important household income. This additional income, through agricultural means, continues to go unnoticed, thereby ignoring the true economic participation of women in rural areas. Planned Objectives were: Determine the production activities that the rural women fulfill in the communities of Puculpala, Llulluchi and Guzo in the Chimborazo province and Determine if the women in rural areas from the before said communities, benefit from their agricultural production. The diagnosis was completed through, studies, observations, personal interviews, text investigation and data analysis. A preliminary visit was made, in order to conduct observations, in the three above noted communities. After establishing a workable relationship with the people, interviews and surveys were conducted according to the annexes one through thirteen. The major production activities of the women in the studied communities are agriculture related. The percentage of women who work in agriculture are 66.67% in Puculpalpa, 60% in Guzo and 66.67% in Llulluchi. In Puculpalpa the women perform handcrafts as well. The women cultivate potatoes and corn in all three areas. They perform minor work with livestock, such as the breeding and rearing of the dairy cow and marketing of its milk. The most widely performed agricultural practice among the women is the cultivation of the potato. They spend an average time of 30% in sowing preparation, 32.22% in soil preparation, 11.67% in seed preparation, 23.33% sowing and fertilizing, 36.67% cultivating, 25.56% insect and disease control, 24.45% weeding, 35.56% harvesting, and 15.55% in the transportation and the marketing of products. Due to the fact that most of the agricultural work is for personal consumption, women are rarely paid for activities they perform. The countrywomen play a fundamental role in the production process, by supplying the food for their household. Despite this, in most circumstances their products have a lower market value then that of their male counterparts. The countrywomen greatly contribute to the income of the family through participation in the raising of cattle. Their role in this process brings an occasional income of 25.26% in Puculpala, 33.33% in Guzo and 30% in Llulluchi. Occasionally they contribute a daily income of S/. 8,000-9,000. In all three communities temporary migration of the women to larger cities, such as Quito, Riobamba and Guayaquil, are prevalent. Women perform house chores for other families in these cities. They prepare the food, take care of the children, collect firewood, clean, sew and shop. Illiteracy is high in all three communities, reaching 40% in Pucupalpa, 13.33%, in Guzo and 6.67% in Llulluchi. They are unable to perform basic solicitations and credit transactions. This lack of knowledge renders the women, unable to properly administrate their finances. This often results in lower paying jobs when they migrate. In all three communities there exists a religious faith in which the women seek divine assistance in their work. In Puculpala 53.33%, Guzo 6.67% and Llulluchi 33.33% of the women pray for a successful harvest. This practice is also true of males.
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Aldaz, Raul North Charles Mark. "Geography, history, and economic performance the emergence and evolution of agrarian institutions in Ecuador /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5141.
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Paucar, Ivan Asaquibay. "Evaluacion Agro-socio-economica de tres comunidades rurales del Canton Colta Provincia de Chimborazo." Diss., Riobamba, Ecuador, 2000. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4188.
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Paucar, Ivan Asaquibay. "Agro-socio-economic evaluation of three rural communities in the Colta Canton of the Chimborazo Province." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5418.
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The faculty of natural resources, School of Agricultural Engineering of ESPOCH, with an agreement since 1992 with the Benson Institute of Brigham Young University has been working with the development of small scale production before its diffusion it is necessary to know the real social- economic conditions and the technological levels of the most important harvests of the communities, that when this model is involved in the aspects that affect the production. For this reason this investigation was made necessary in which the following objectives were raised: 1. Evaluate the social-economic conditions of the communities of San Lorenzo of Cahuiña, Guiñatus Chico and Cunambay. 2. Determine the technological levels of the harvest of barley, potatoes of the communities in study. The universe constituted the whole of families from the three communities. The sample size was 50% of the total of families taken at random in each community. The investigation was accomplished based on the observations, personal interviews, direct surveys of farmers, analysis of gathered information and secondary information. This information was analyzed based on the following statistical techniques: percentages and frequency histograms, arithmetic mean, ranges, maximum and minimum values.
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Montalvo, Silva Egresado Ángel. "Diagnosis of livestock production in three communities (Tunshi San Javier, San Antonio and Maria Auxiliadora) using the Chambo irrigation system - Guano." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5403.
Full textAbstract:
During 43 weeks three communities belonging to the Chambo-Guano irrigation system (María Auxiliadora, San Antonio, and Tunshi San Javier) were studied. Each family had 0.662 ± 0.149 producing cows, 0.115 ± 0.048 dry cows, 0.381 ± 0.095 heifers, 0.252 ± 0.068 young bulls, 0.158 ± 0.052 bulls, and 0.568 ± 0.096 calves. The age at first mounting (21.696 ± 9.28 months) showed that the cows enter reproduction late. Of the cows, 71.94 ± 5.26% were of household varieties. To feed them, alfalfa was used at 79.86 ± 4.5%, undergrowth 56.83 ± 5.62%, corn stalks 48.2 ± 6.02%, kikuyu 19.42 ± 4.63%, crop aftermaths 18.71 ± 4.29%, zig-zig 17.27%, agave 9.35 ± 3.5%, ray grass (8.63 ± 2.98), banana waste 8.63 ± 3.28%, and oats 2.88 ± 1.96%. There were 280 ± 85.27 mother sheep, 64 ± 33.697 male reproducers, 174 ± 54.62 young sheep, and 198 ± 65.76 lambs. The age at first mounting was 18.45 ± 9.55 months and time between shearings was 12.62 ± 2.91 months with a production of 7.46 ± 3.99 pounds of wool. 53.24 ± 5.82% of the sheep were household breeds. As sources of food there were underbrush (46.04 ± 5.79%), pasturing (41.73 ± 5.77%), alfalfa (25.9 ± 5.25%), crop aftermaths (12.95 ± 3.99%), ray grass (5.76 ± 2.64%), and corn stalks (5.04 ± 2.65%). There were 672 ± 310.302 pigs. The age at first birthing was 18.108 ± 1.153 months with 8.237 ± 0.713 piglets per birthing, with only 5.536 ± 0.472 weaned at an age of 2.419 ± 0.156 months. As a food source, there was underbrush (56.12 ± 5.94%), banana waste (51.8 ± 5.85%), kitchen scraps (48.2 ± 5.95%), crop aftermaths (38.85 ± 5.26%), bran (28.06 ± 5.37%), alfalfa (26.62 ± 5.19%), and quiquyo (4.32 ± 2.33%). The guinea pig population was 3608 ± 683.653 with 2.52 ± 0.1 young per birthing. Outstanding food sources were alfalfa (79.86 ± 4.74%), chilca (34.53 ± 5.72%), underbrush (24.46 ± 5.18%), and kitchen scraps (11.51 ± 3.77%). The bird population was 1140 ± 226.856 animals. The majority are household chickens (47.48 ± 11.79%) used for egg production. Predominating foods were dried corn (72.66 ± 5.26%), barley (35.97 ± 5.62%), and wheat (1.44 ± 1.40%). The communities studied tend toward using bovine milk production. Even when the cows have low reproduction rates, they have important levels of milk production. The number of calves per birth could be adequate, but the levels of weaning are low. In guinea pigs and birds there were not any precarious forms of tenancy; possibly there are family property forms. It is recommended that the study be deepened in order to establish the influence of irrigation water, implement profitable programs of exploitation, and establish plans to help forward ecological tourism.
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Yepez, Vallejo Carlos Fernando. "Influence of three soil types on the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of two varieties of kidney tomato hydroponically cultivated under a panqar huyu system." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5454.
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One of the largest problems that face communities located high in the Andres Mountain range is the lack of crop diversity due to the climate characteristics of this zone. Because of this, the Benson Institute created a small subterranean greenhouse called a "panqar-huyu," which in Aymara means "flower garden," that allows cultivation of small and medium-sized crops. This study's objective is to modify and adapt this system to cultivate table (kidney) tomatoes, for which one was enlarged, a drip irrigation system was installed, channels were dug to drain groundwater from the interior, etc. This study was done in the community of La Rinconada. Two varieties of tomato were cultivated in three different soils: sand, scraps, and a mix, becoming thus a hydroponic crop. The goal of this combination is to observe if there are physical, chemical, and organoleptic changes during the crop's development and later the harvested fruit, which will be used to make tomato sauce. At the end of the investigation, it was found that the results were favorable in different aspects: The farmers in this region found a new alternative crop which helps them avoid a loss of capital at harvest time due to climate effects. The daily diet improved, as did the nutrition level, since tomatoes are rich sources of vitamins A, B, and C, malates, and citric acids that are very important in regulating uric acid in the blood. It was demonstrated that cultivating table tomatoes hydroponically in a panqar-huyu did indeed influence the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of the cultivated varieties.
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Zuniga, Donoso Monica Alexandra. "Validation of the small scale agricultural production model in the community of Tunshi-San Nicolas." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5456.
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The model developed in the experimental environment inside the ESPOCH presented satisfactory results. Because of this, it is necessary that the model of production be validated in the farming communities with the purpose of making adjustments before recommending its massive production. In other words, a comparative study should be done on what happened in the experimental farm and what would happen in the community. This is reason why this investigation is titled Validation of the Small-Scale Agricultural Production Model in the Community of Tunshi-San Nicolás. The objectives of the investigation were as follows: Validate the small-scale agricultural production model of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo with the purpose of making adjustments for real field conditions; train the farmers how to work the agricultural system, relying on the experience of the Production Model of the ESPOCH; value the farming and livestock practices that the farmer applies in the field, according to the model of the ESPOCH; evaluate the model of the ESPOCH in real conditions of a farmer family in the community of Tunshi-San Nicolás. From the study we can mention the following conclusions and recommendations: The farmer applied most of the farming practices from the experience of the small-scale production model in the ESPOCH. This implies that the hypothesis made in the investigation was fulfilled. The Production Model in the Tunshi-San Nicolás meets all of the nutritional needs of the farming family. According to Don Carlos' experience, to replicate the Production Model, a total of S/. 7'034.530 is needed without manual labor and S/. 8'514.280 is needed with manual labor. The recommendations of the study are as follows: Make many copies of the Production Model for families that have enough manual labor and land. This would be a good alternative in improving the nutritional and economic level of the farmer family. Another recommendation is to train the farmer families about the administration and commercialization of their crops and animals. In addition, they should be taught how to keep simple records of the farming and livestock activities that they perform, especially of the investments that they make.
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Nguema, Abigail M. "Two Papers Evaluating the Economic Impact of Agricultural Innovation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35327.
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While extensive research has been carried out to examine the yield growth brought about by innovations in agricultural technology, not enough work has been done to document the economic impacts of these innovations on areas besides yields and income. This study presents two papers which contribute to our understanding of the health and environmental impacts of agricultural innovation, â Expected economic benefits of meeting nutritional needs through biofortified cassava in Nigeria and Kenya,â and â Projected farm-level impacts on income of conservation agriculture in the Andean Region.â The first paper is motivated by the public health consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies, which affect more than two billion people worldwide and can lead to increased incidence of illness, disability, and mortality. Through the use of the disability adjusted life years concept (DALYs), economic surplus analysis, and benefit-cost analysis, the authors determine the economic impact of a staple crop biofortification project. The study finds that biofortified cassava in Nigeria and Kenya is a cost effective means of reducing health problems associated with vitamin A and iron deficiency. The second paper considers the significant livelihood challenges faced by rural communities in the Andes, including poverty, food insecurity, and natural resource constraints. Through the development and implementation of a linear programming model, the study analyzes the economic impact of a conservation agriculture project in central Ecuador, and finds that certain experimental cropping activities designed to decrease soil degradation may contribute to increased incomes for farm households.Master of Science
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Scheutzow, Mark H. "The epidemiology and environmental impact of organophosphate pesticide use in Ecuador, with emphasis on parathion /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779120909511.
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Palfreman, David Andrew. "Key economic issues in fisheries development : lessons from projects in Vanuatu, Malawi and Ecuador." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384927.
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Brea-Porteiro, Jorge Avelino. "Effects of structural characteristics and personal attributes upon labor mobility in Ecuador /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487268021748606.
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Orozco, Cruz Egresado José. "Diagnosis of livestock production in three communities (La Inmaculada, Tunshi San Miguel, and Ela Guano) using the Chambo irrigation system - Guano." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5411.
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The purpose of this research was to implement a stratifying sampling system in the communities of La Inmaculada, Tunshi San Miguel, and Ela Guano, part of the Chambo-Guano irrigation system. The domesticated animal population in these communities consisted of cattle, sheep, swine, guinea pigs, and poultry. The animal feed used in these communities included alfalfa, grass, corn stalks, banana, weeds, kitchen residue, hulk, hard and soft corn, barley, wheat and other feed preparations. In general, animal management in these communities is technically deficient and most animals exhibited diseases that are controllable by veterinarians. Study recommendations to improve conditions for rural populations include implementing an integrated production project with technical assistance programs and other changes to improve animal genetics.
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Enríquez, Vásquez Marcela. "The illusion of getting a job women's work on flower plantations (a case from Ecuador) /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009405.
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Gaechter, Darcy Ann. "Recolonizing Ecuador's Oriente : oil, agriculture, and the myth of empty lands." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31752.
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Multi-national oil corporations, the national government, landless Ecuadorian
farmers, and Ecuador's Indigenous populations have dramatically transformed the eastern
half of Ecuador (the Oriente) over the past forty years. When American oil companies
Texaco and Gulf discovered viable oil wells in the region in 1968, they not only piqued
the economic hopes of the Ecuadorian government, but also put into motion a massive
modernization and recolonization movement. When Ecuadorian colonist Solomon Haro
Valle traveled from the highland town of Ambato to the Oriente he described an
inhospitable jungle, primitive living conditions, unbearable heat, and ominous jungle
fauna. Yet hundreds of thousands of landless Ecuadorians moved to the Oriente during
this period in order to cash in on the free land their government was giving away.
Since the Ecuadorian government was desperately trying to bring this region
under national control, it eagerly perpetuated the scenario that Haro described in order to
transform the Oriente into a tierra baldia, or empty land in order to then transform it into
an economically productive and integrated part of the Ecuadorian Nation. Through
various laws and propaganda, the government effectively erased the Oriente's inhabitants
(both Indigenous and Ecuadorian), and created the myth of the Oriente as a vacant space.
It was only logical, then, to fill this empty space with Ecuadorian farmers who were
willing to work towards the nation's latest modernization project—that of incorporating
the Oriente along with its burgeoning oil industry.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Nuñez, Lopez Raul Rolando. "Study of livestock production levels in three communities near the city of Riobamba." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5409.
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This study was done by administering household surveys to 50% of the families in the three communities. Families were selected through stratified random sampling. This allowed us to determine how much families are exploiting species that have a significant level of production as well as whether they use them for a commercial activity or subsistence. With regard to cows, 60.40 ± 4.72% of families use them. Each family has an average of 1.68 ± 0.21 cows. Productive cows make up 36.9% of the above percentage, which is a majority. The measured rate of production was 6.48 ± 0.25 L/cow/day. Overall, 40.16 ± 3.17% of production was used for household consumption while the rest was sold. These parameters as well as the sale of live animals helped San Nicolas have an annual income of 735 US dollars, which shows that this community relies more on commercial activity. On the other hand, San Clemente and San Francisco had annual incomes of 367 and 279 US dollars respectively. This shows that these communities focus more on familial subsistence. Of the major species, sheep are the least exploited with 54.80 ± 8.74% of families using them. The first lambing occurs at 17.79 ± 0.48 months. Newborns are weaned at 5.57 ± 0.11 months by only 27.27 ± 4.47% of families. Of the weaned newborns, 60.69 ± 5.13% are kept and the rest are sold. Every 10.46 ± 0.47 months, 77.96% of the wool produced is sold. Generally, the sheep are sol d at 22.84 ± 1.75 months of age. This generates an average annual income of 40.85 ± 19.26 US dollars, which indicates that this activity is focused on familial subsistence. Swine production is the most common form of animal production. Pigs are exploited by 81.86 ± 7.17% of families with each family having an average of 2.11 ± 0.16 animals. A sow’s first delivery occurs at 16.48 ± 0.48 months and their productive life comes after reproducing 1.98 ± 0.15 times. Each litter has 5.72 ± 0.19 offspring with a post-weaning mortality rate of 28.99 ± 4.82%. Offspring are weaned at 2.90 ± 0.12 months. Overall, 65.13% of the weaned offspring are kept and the rest are sold. Annual revenue from pig production is 63.2 ± 22.46 US dollars which indicates it is used for familial subsistence, acting as a safeguard against economic emergencies at times. Of the minor species, the guinea pig is the most exploited. It is used by 86.11 ± 3.65% of families with each family having an average of 12.04 ± 1.31 guinea pigs. The mothers have an average of 2.44 ± 0.06 offspring per litter with a weaning rate of 75.81 ± 4.33%. Overall, 86.91% of production is used for family consumption and the rest is sold. The annual income generated by this activity is 6.24 ± 0.51 US dollars which indicates that this is an activity dedicated to providing food for the family. Rabbits are used by 49.42 ± 5.23% of families, each having an average of 4.03 ± 0.64 animals. There is an average of 6.57 ± 0.29 newborns per litter with a weaning rate of 41.16 ± 5.20%. Overall, 80.18 ± 4.16% of production is used for family consumption. This activity is similar to guinea pig production seeing as the annual income it generates is only 12.80 ± 1.10 US dollars. Chickens are exploited by 77.33 ± 4.39% of families with each family having an average of 5.88 ± 0.60 animals. Broiler chickens make up 48.22% of the poultry population with the rest being made up of native and field hens. Overall, 68.96% of broiler chickens are used for family consumption while 89.31 ± 3.27% of hens are used for family consumption. The annual income from this activity is 40.13 ± 19.24 US dollars. This makes it appear to have a slight tendency toward commercial use. We conclude that the three communities have different levels of animal exploitation. San Nicolas was the most successful of the three, partially using their livestock production for commercial purposes. San Clemente used part of theirs for commercial purposes as well, but on a lower scale. San Francisco, on the other hand, focuses their livestock production solely on familial subsistence. We recommend that a study be conducted regarding all points involved in the feasibility of production projects in these communities, especially in regard to the organization in each community. This will help improve production levels and make way for a change from a subsistence based economy to a more commercially based economy, ultimately improving the social and nutritional levels of these families.
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Quel, Ruíz Wendy Valeria. "Effect of the use of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) leaf flour in the creation of feeds for the production of broiler chickens." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5422.
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This investigation was conducted in the rural community of Cuambo, located in the northeast of the province of Imbabura, in the Mira river basin of Salinas parish, at 1530 meters above sea level and with an average temperature of 19.5° C. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze the effect of using amaranth (Amaranthus) leaf flour in the creation of feeds for broiler chickens. The field work occurred during 12 months and consisted of two phases: A. Creation of the feed: This proceeded from the cultivation, cutting, and drying of amaranth until the obtaining of the flour and later the feed, with the respective formulation and acquisition of primary materials. B. Broiler chicken production: This occurred in the coop of the community's school, previously prepared for taking in the chicks. The study lasted 8 weeks. A completely random design (CRD) with five treatments and four repetitions per treatment was used, with 10 chickens per experimental unit. ANOVA analysis and Tukey and orthogonal comparisons were applied. The factor under study was the percentage of amaranth leaf flour in a basic diet. The treatments were as follows: T0 = Control diet for broiler chickens T1 = 16.7% amaranth leaf flour T2 = 35% amaranth leaf flour T3 = 54% amaranth leaf flour T4 = 78% amaranth leaf flour Analyzed variables: Weekly weight increase, Weekly food conversion, Accumulated food conversion, Total food consumption, Efficiency index, Yield, Skin pigmentation at the end of the treatments, Organoleptic analysis, Mortality, Economic analysis. From the results obtained, we conclude that the feed from treatment 1 (T1) is the best because it gave the most efficient results in terms of weight increase, food conversion, efficiency index, yield, and production cost. In the organoleptic analysis, T2 received more points regarding appearance, color, and texture; T1 received the best points in odor. The most acceptable treatments are T2 and T1, with the most points. In production cost, T4 was the least expensive, but it is not recommended for use because the chickens had poor results in the studied variables.
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Rodriguez, Fabian Francisco. "Local resolution for watershed management: the case of water and land allocation of Cotacachi, Ecuador." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1058798180.
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Yacelga, Calderón Elva Susana. "Conocimientos, actitudes y practicas sobre costumbres y creencias alimentarias de madres de niños menores de cinco años, madres lactantes y embarazadas, en tres comunidades rurales de las etnias: negra, mestiza e indigena de la provincia de Imbabura 1998-1999 /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2000. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4178.
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Melo, Cristian J. "Left Behind: A Farmer’s Fate in the Age of Sustainable Development." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/331.
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Globalization is eroding the livelihoods of small farmers, a significant and vulnerable class, particularly in the developing world. The cost-price squeeze stemming from trade liberalization places farmers in a race to the bottom that leads to displacement, poverty, and environmental degradation. Scholars and activists have proposed that alternative trade initiatives offer a unique opportunity to reverse this trend by harnessing the power of the markets to reward producers of goods with embedded superior cultural, environmental, and social values. Alternative trade via certification schemes have become a de facto prescription for any location where there is a need to conciliate economic interest with conservation imperatives. Partnerships among commodity production farmers, elite manufacturers and wealthy northern consumers/activists do not necessarily have win-win outcomes. Paradoxically, the partnerships of farmers with external agencies have unexpected results. These partnerships develop into dependent relationships that become unsustainable in the absence of further transfers of capital. The institutions born of these partnerships are fragile. When these fledging institutions fail, farmers are left in the same situation that they were before the partnership, with only minor improvements to show after spending considerable amounts of social and financial capital. I hypothesize that these failures are born out of a belief in a universal understanding of sustainability. A discursive emphasis on consensus, equity and mutual benefit hides the fact that what for consumers it is a matter of choice, for producers is a matter of survival. The growth in consumers’ demand for certified products creates a race for farmers to meet these standards. My findings suggest that this race generates economically perverse effects. First, producers enter into a certification treadmill. Second, the local need for economic sustainability is ignored. Third, commodity based alternative trade schemes increase the exposure of communities to global shocks. I conclude by calling for a careful reassessment of sustainable development projects that promote certification schemes. The designers and implementers of these programs must include farmers’ agenda in the planning of these programs.
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Moore, Chela Kirpal. "El arado : breaking ground for payment for environmental services based on opportunity costs of conservation in Ecuador /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1090935858.
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Victoria, Recalde Fanny Margoth. "Food, nutrition, and health education with educational lessons in the Cuambo community school, Ibarra canton, Imbabura province." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5450.
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The general objective of this study was that of giving food, health, and nutrition education via educational lessons based on a diagnostic of teachers' and children's knowledge at the Cuambo school. The study is descriptive and transverse and lasted from October 2000 through June 2001. The study included 100% of the attending children and teachers of the Cumabo community school, being 42 in number. Variables were: topics on eating, nutrition, and health that complete the plan of basic studies, along with training of students and teachers. Since the project was eminently educational, it implied carrying out the respective educational lessons with adaptations for each community. There were 10 educational lessons done for each community, which consisted of topic, audience, message, objective, techniques, materials, preliminary preparation, initial evaluation, classroom development, review, reinforcement, final evaluation, and analysis. The support educational materials used were the Healthy Schools pamphlets, which were made into the principal source of education.
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Paola, García A. Lourdes. "Participatory strategic plan for the marketing of chicken broilers produced by beneficiary families in the area of influence of the Benson Institute, in the city Otavalo." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5416.
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This study was done with the objective of helping families that produce poultry to market their product. Therefore, we determined that it is important to develop a strategic marketing plan to help producers reach their sales targets. As such, this research is focused on the development of chapters that sustain and support the importance and benefits that will be achieved through the development and execution of the plan. This will help with the satisfaction of demand expectations. The first chapter shows the theoretical framework, which explains basic concepts about diagnosis, marketing plan, marketing, projects, chicken broilers, and other related topics. In other words, making use of the scientific theory related either directly or indirectly to the thesis. After being classified and cautiously analyzed, this information allowed the realization of the theoretical framework, which is the basis and foundation of the thesis. The second chapter explains a strategic situational diagnosis that was developed through a field study. After determining the population under investigation in the field study, researchers identified the strengths and weaknesses of the production families as well the Benson Institute, a party interested in the project. The third chapter deals with market research, which was used to estimate the supply and the portion of the demand possibly left unmet. The fourth chapter contains the proposal of this thesis along with proposed marketing strategies focused on the 4 P's of marketing. In addition, other useful marketing strategies are covered such as building a storage facility in a strategic place. Chapter five covers financial and economic factors and presents the economic situation related to sales, estimated costs, projected expenditures, and free cash flow. Furthermore, it contains an analysis of some economic indicators. In chapter six, the impacts generated by this thesis are identified using a scanning matrix. Finally, the last part contains the respective conclusions and recommendations based on the research done.
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Vasco, Cristian [Verfasser]. "The Impact of International Migration and Remittances on Agricultural Production Patterns, Labor Relationships and Entrepreneurship : The Case of Rural Ecuador / Cristian Vasco." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017997411/34.
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Moore, Chela. "El Arado : Breaking Ground for Payment for Environmental Services Based on Opportunity Costs of Conservation in Ecuador." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1090935858.
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Pablo, Raúl Andrade Andrade. "Effect of chemical fertilization and organic amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) var. Alegria INIAP Chaltura." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5414.
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The present investigation was made in the Experimental Farm "La Pradera", located in the province of Imbabura, the parish of San José de Chaltura, to 1350 meters above sea level and an average temperature of 16, 4⁰ C. To analyze the effect of the chemical and organic fertilization in amaranth of variety INIAP "Alegría" was the primary target of the investigation. The field work was made in a lapse of 6 months. The design of complete blocks (DBCA) with 15 treatments was used at random and three repetitions by treatment. The experimental unit was 18 m². It was evaluated by means of analysis of variance and the Turkey test at 5%. The factors in this study are constituted by the elements N, P, S and organic fertilizer. The analyzed variables were: number of plants; days to the flowering; days to the harvest; height of plants; biomass; extraction of nutrients; and grain yield. The number of plants presented significant difference to 1% for treatments and to 5% for blocks, the treatments that reached the greater number of plants are T11 (80-60-40-0) and T14 (0-0-0-10) with an average of 30 and 29 plants of amaranth in 0.50 linear m respectively. The treatment T4 (120-60-20-0) presented the greater height at 45 days of seedtime, with an average of 24.10 cm. The height of plants at flowering I present significant statistical results highly is the T4 (120-60-20-0) and T5 (160-60-20-0) respectively present values of height of 119.30 and 103.40 centimeters. The height of plants at the harvest determines significant difference for treatments the highest being the T5 (160-60-20-0), the one that reached the greatest height with an average of 148, 11 centimeters. The days to the flowering of the amaranth were between 70 and 85 days from seedtime and the days to the harvest were between 143 and 152 days. The treatment that reached the greater mean efficiency was the T5 (160-60-20-0) with 2583, 69 Kg/ha unlike the control who reached an average of yield of 686, 66 Kg/ha. In the organic treatments the greater yield registry in T15 (0-0-0-15) where 15 tons of organic fertilizer by hectare was used resulting in 1672.59 Kg/ha.
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Bellinger, Nathan H. 1982. "Globalization and neoliberalism in Ecuador: The expansion and effects of the commercial tuna fishing industry." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11268.
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xi, 129 p. : col. ill.Between the 1980s and early 2000s, Ecuador's commercial tuna fishing industry evolved from an insignificant player in the global marketplace to the third largest tuna fishery in the world. The reasons behind this dramatic expansion are integrally linked to economic globalization and more specifically, the proliferation of neoliberal economic policies throughout Latin America and Ecuador. In this thesis, I link neoliberal reforms, such as increased capital mobility, free trade agreements, and export-led development, to the rapid growth of Ecuador's tuna fishery, centrally located in Manta. I then explore the place-based effects of these reforms by elucidating the social and environmental impacts of the tuna industry. I argue that while there have been some benefits, such as economic growth and job creation, expansion of Manta's tuna fishery has exacerbated local inequalities, created serious environmental problems, and led to new workplace challenges for employees in the industry.
Committee in charge: Dr. Derrick Hindery, Chairperson; Dr. Lise Nelson, Member
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Bernal, Acosta Ramiro. "Artificial alimentation of bees using natural juices during the dry season." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5333.
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In the community of Tunshi San Nicols of the Licto parish in the Province of Chimborazo, an evaluation was done on the effect of an energetic supplementary feeding of bees (Italian-mestizas) during the dry season (September 23 to February 20). These supplements consisted of carrot juice (T1), orange juice (T2) and sugar cane juice (T3). These supplements were also compared to a control group (T0). The experimental units consisted of 16 standard beehives distributed randomly with the 4 treatments and 4 repetitions of each treatment. The results showed that sugar cane juice (T3) obtained the best results in the consumption of the supplementary feeding because it was the only treatment where its consumption increased as the nectar sources in the zone decreased. At the end of the evaluation, 17,312.50 ml. of sugar cane juice were consumed. On the other hand, only 1,486.25 ml. of carrot juice were consumed, which was the least amount out of all of the treatments. Similarly, sugar cane juice presented the least weight loss, with 1.050 kg. per beehive. In addition, sugar cane juice also presented the greatest number of breeding frames (6.950 frames per beehive), as well as the best benefit/cost index (1.15) at the end of the study.
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Travis, Elli. "The Impact of Text Messages on Adoption and Knowledge of Integrated Pest Management Practices: A Randomized Control Trial Study of Potato Farmers in Carchi, Ecuador." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78155.
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Adoption of new agricultural technologies by farmers in developing countries is sometimes limited, despite the associated benefits. Potato farmers in Carchi, Ecuador rely heavily on pesticides to limit pest and disease damage, rather than adopting a more sustainable and economically viable alternative: Integrated Pest Management (IPM). One reason IPM adoption is limited is that farmers are uncertain about the benefits of the complex technology. Information provision builds knowledge that reduces that uncertainty and leads to adoption. Another reason for limited adoption is that other farming activities compete for time, and farmers may forget or delay IPM adoption. One way to transfer information and remind farmers to adopt IPM practices is through text messages.
To evaluate the impact of text messages on IPM adoption, we conducted a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) among potato farmers in Carchi, Ecuador. The RCT allowed us to identify the causal impact of text messages by comparing adoption rates and knowledge scores between farmers who received text messages (treatment), and farmers who did not (control). After attending a one-day training, the treatment received tailored IPM messages for approximately five and a half months. At the conclusion of the trial period, treatment and control farmers reported their adoption of individual IPM practices, and were tested on their IPM knowledge.
Treatment farmers adopted both simple and complex practices at higher rates than the control. Farmers who received text messages also possess more knowledge about IPM techniques than non-recipients, which is evidence of the knowledge-building effect of text messages. Furthermore, text messages were shown to be effective in encouraging the adoption of practices for which no separate inputs were required, and ineffective in encouraging practices where a separate input was required. Text messages are an positive supplement to an in-person training program because they build knowledge and remind farmers, both of which encourage the adoption of IPM, which benefits the farmer, his community, and the environment.Master of Science
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Gonzalez, Gamboa Vladimir [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Marggraf, Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Faust, and Karin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurz. "Social Network Patterns of Sharing Information on Land Use and Agricultural Innovations in Ethnically Heterogeneous Communities in Ecuador / Vladimir Gonzalez Gamboa. Gutachter: Heiko Faust ; Karin Kurz. Betreuer: Rainer Marggraf." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048219755/34.
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Martínez, Godoy Diego. "Agriculture contractuelle et déterritorialisation dans les Andes Equatoriennes. Le cas d’une communauté paysanne au pied du volcan Cayambe - Equateur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA033.
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Bénéficiaires de la réforme agraire des années 1960, les communautés indigènes situées au pied du volcan Cayambe, connaissent depuis deux décennies des transformations territoriales radicales. Ces transformations se sont intensifiées principalement à cause de l’intégration verticale des petits producteurs ruraux dans les chaines de production laitières par plusieurs industries agroalimentaires du pays. Ce modèle dominant dans la zone nord Andine favorise la diminution des couts de production et des risques pour les entreprises capitalistes venues opérer sur le territoire. Mais il confronte les agricultures familiales à un processus de déterritorialisation qui s’accélère avec la consolidation du pouvoir agroindustriel.En mobilisant une approche sociologique combinée à une analyse territoriale, cette recherche propose d’étudier les transformations économico-productives et socio organisationnelles qu’a subit le territoire depuis le début du XXème siècle pour ensuite déterminer et mesurer à quelle étape du processus de déterritorialisation sont confrontées aujourd'hui les agricultures familiales de Cayambe. La mise en évidence d'un processus de différenciation sociale associé à une recomposition des rapports de forces présents sur le territoire va nous permettre de discuter de la capacité des acteurs locaux à résister à cette dynamique de déterritorialisation et, par voie de conséquence, leurs possibilités de développer des stratégies qui leur permettent de récupérer le contrôle de leur territoireBeneficiaries of land reform, indigenous communities located at the foot of Cayambe volcano are witness for almost two decades of territorial changes caused by theexpansion of the agro-industrial activity. Indeed, contract farming which considers smalls rural producers within the dairy production lines of several food industries, is the dominant model in the region. This kind of farming also promotes the reduction of production costs and the risks for the capitalist enterprises operating on the territory. Nevertheless, family farms would face a growing process of desterritorialisation that is increasing with the consolidation of agribusiness power and threatening to Andean community traditions, which are however vital in the process of the territorial construction and reconstruction. Are there still differentiated responses levels of family farmers to face to territorial changes and production-driven strategies led by agribusiness in the Ecuadorian Andes?
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Auquier, Célia. "L'État dans tous ses états : géographie comparée des politiques agricoles au Pérou et en Équateur." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H029.
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Cette thèse propose d’analyser les dimensions spatiales des politiques agricoles des États péruvien et équatorien et leurs inscriptions dans les territoires. Les deux pays de comparaison n’ont pas été choisi au hasard : ils sont tous deux décentralisés mais obéissent à des référentiels politiques différents. Tandis que le Pérou adhère à l’économie de marché, l’Équateur se positionne plutôt en faveur de la planification. Dans ces contextes, comment caractériser, depuis les territoires, les politiques agricoles de deux États à l’idéologie supposée contraire ? Quels enseignements en tirer sur le rôle de ces derniers dans le développement agricole ? L’analyse de deux projets d’aménagement montre que les États ne font pas les mêmes choix en termes de soutien agricole. Le projet péruvien se consacre davantage à l’expansion de l’agrobusiness et présente des effets territoriaux déstructurants plus nombreux que celui de l’Équateur. Les mesures de soutien du ministère de l’Agriculture sont également plus sélectives et moins diversifiées au Pérou. Néanmoins, des similitudes existent : les États réalisent des partenariats avec de grandes entreprises privées, ils ne font face ni aux difficultés d’accès au foncier de la paysannerie, ni aux enjeux de la crise écologique ; ils nient les dynamiques territoriales existantes et l’institutionnalité locale ; enfin, ils poursuivent un modèle économique basé sur l’exportation de matières premières sans réelle volonté de promouvoir des formes alternatives d’agriculture. Enfin, l’analyse de la gouvernance des projets révèle que les deux États imposent des relations verticales, hiérarchisées et descendantes aux collectivités territoriales et aux acteurs privés locaux de petite envergure. Finalement, indépendamment de l’idéologie de leur gouvernement, ces États mobilisent le néolibéralisme en tant que système de gouvernance fondé sur les principes suivants : en privilégiant un pouvoir d’État centralisateur et vertical, ils soutiennent les grandes structures de production capitalistes et, tout en responsabilisant les organisations privées locales, ne laissent à ces dernières que de faibles marges de manœuvre pour peser dans l’orientation des politiquesThis thesis compares spatial dimensions of public initiatives and their territorial implementations through agricultural policies in Peru and Ecuador. These two countries were not selected at random: they share an aspiration for decentralized decision making, but adhere to different political models. Peru holds to the principles of market economics, while Ecuador places greater emphasis on planning. How can a territory-based perspective be used to characterize agricultural policies in these two states with supposedly opposing political ideologies? What lessons can be drawn regarding the role of the State in agricultural development? Analysis of two public land organization projects reveals ways in which the two States prioritize different agriculture support strategies. The Peruvian initiative places greater emphasis on expansion of agribusiness, and has led to more significant negative impacts affecting established territorial structures. The Ecuadorian Ministry of Agriculture also implements support policies that are less selective and more heavily diversified. Nonetheless, these projects share a range of similarities: the States form alliances with major private companies; they fail to address both the challenges inherent in the ecological crisis and inequalities in access to land; they ignore existing territorial dynamics and local institutional structures; and they espouse an economic model based on exporting raw materials, to the detriment of any efforts to promote alternative forms of agriculture. Examination of project governance for these two initiatives shows that both States imposed vertical, hierarchical, and descending relationships on territorial collective structures, despite the competencies that they possess in the field of land organization. Finally, regardless of the ideologies that these governments hold, both States deploy the mechanisms of neoliberalism, defined as a system of governance based on the following elements: emphasis on the power of the State to centralize and impose vertical hierarchies; support for large-scale capitalist production structures; and delegation of responsibilities to local private organizations, while depriving them of any influence over policy making
Esta tesis analiza las dimensiones espaciales de las políticas agrícolas de los Estados peruano y ecuatoriano y sus inscripciones en los territorios. Estos países no fueron elegidos al azar: ambos están descentralizados, pero siguen modelos políticos distintos. Mientras que Perú se inscribe en la economía de mercado, Ecuador se posiciona a favor de la planificación. En estos contextos, ¿Cómo caracterizar, desde los territorios, las políticas agrícolas de estos dos Estados con ideología supuestamente opuesta? ¿Qué enseñanzas se pueden obtener sobre el rol del Estado en el desarrollo agrícola? El análisis de dos proyectos públicos de ordenamiento territorial muestra que los Estados no priorizan las mismas estrategias de apoyo agrícola. El proyecto peruano se enfoca más en la expansión del agribusiness y produce efectos territoriales destructurantes más significativos que el proyecto ecuatoriano. Además, las políticas de apoyo del ministerio de Agricultura ecuatoriano son menos selectivas y más diversificadas que las del ministerio peruano. Sin embargo, estos proyectos son similares en otros aspectos: los Estados realizan alianzas con grandes empresas privadas, no enfrentan ni las desigualdades de acceso a la tierra, ni los desafíos de la crisis ecológica; niegan las dinámicas territoriales existentes y la institucionalidad local; y, por último, siguen un modelo económico de exportación de materias primas sin promover formas alternativas de agricultura. El análisis de la gobernanza de los proyectos revela que los dos Estados imponen relaciones verticales, jerárquicas y descendentes a las colectividades territoriales, a pesar de tener competencias en el ordenamiento territorial. Finalmente, sin depender de la ideología de sus gobiernos, ambos Estados movilizan el neoliberalismo, entendido como un sistema de gobernanza basado en los elementos siguientes: privilegiar el poder del Estado centralizador y vertical; apoyar a las grandes estructuras de producción capitalistas y; responsabilizando a las organizaciones privadas locales, no dejan a estas la posibilidad de actuar en la orientación de las políticas
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Montero, Erick Alejandro Moran, and 任秉晨. "IoT in agriculture - a proposal of smart agriculture in Ecuador." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37cr35.
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碩士國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
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Agriculture in Ecuador is not efficient due to the limitations in terms of technology in its production processes. Research has shown that Ecuadorian farmers do not use any technology to work their land, generating waste of resources and slow development. This study aims to show the historical delay of certain countries, using Ecuador as an example, due to the lack of information. In this context, the application of IoT throughout the world has been studied, in order to evidence the positive results obtained. Based on a content analysis, this research takes a brief journey, from the four Industrial Revolutions to the current applications of the IoT (Internet of Things) technology in agriculture. In addition, the research analyzes the situation of agriculture in Ecuador with respect to the use of technology. Additionally, two simple and useful IoT systems have been studied and explained, with the purpose of illustrating their specific and real positive effects. Finally, a proposal for the implementation IoT Technology in agriculture is analyzed, through the associative and cooperative models, revealing a promising scenario of opportunities.
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Gonzalez, Gamboa Vladimir. "Social Network Patterns of Sharing Information on Land Use and Agricultural Innovations in Ethnically Heterogeneous Communities in Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E49-D.
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Lozada, Montero Tannya Lorena. "Plant communities in land-use systems of coastal Ecuador: diversity patterns, endemism, and species turnover at landscape scale." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AB76-1.
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Maza, Rojas Byron Vinicio. "Heterogeneity of peasant land use decision as an effect of differences financial and personal capitals in the area of Biosphere Reserve Podocarpus - El Cóndor , Ecuador." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AB23-E.
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