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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural architecture'
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Utami, Amalia Dian, Sri Yuliani, and Ummul Mustaqimah. "PENERAPAN ARSITEKTUR EKOLOGIS PADA STRATEGI PERANCANGAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PERTANIAN DI SLEMAN." ARSITEKTURA 15, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i2.15402.
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<p><em>The design of Sleman Agricultural Vocational High School (SMK Pertanian Sleman) with the approach of ecological architecture is motivated by three things : the existence of agricultural potential in Sleman, the prospect of Agricultural Vocational School in Sleman, and the need to apply ecological architecture on buildings constructed in predominantly agricultural area. SMK Pertanian Sleman aims to educate the community in the surrounding area, create innovations, and aplace to learn modern agriculture. The method used is architectural design that combines the ecological architecture essence according to Heinz Frick, Wanda Widigdo, and V.A. Metallinaou which is combined with ecological architectural components according to Ken Yeang. The result is the design of educational facility which includesclassrooms, laboratories, mini market where students can sell their agricultre product, and other support rooms. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: school of agriculture, ecological architecture, Sleman</em>
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Godoy, Eduardo P., Rubens A. Tabile, Robson R. D. Pereira, Giovana T. Tangerino, Arthur J. V. Porto, and Ricardo Y. Inamasu. "Design and implementation of an electronic architecture for an agricultural mobile robot." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 14, no. 11 (November 2010): 1240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662010001100015.
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A current trend in the agricultural area is the development of mobile robots and autonomous vehicles for remote sensing. One of the major challenges in the design of these robots is the development of the electronic architecture for the integration and control of the devices. Recent applications of mobile robots have used distributed architectures based on communication networks. A technology that has been widely used as an embedded network is the CAN protocol. The implementation of the ISO11783 standard represents the standardization of the CAN for application in agricultural machinery. This work describes the design and implementation of an electronic architecture for a mobile agricultural robot. The discussions are focused on the developed architecture, the wireless communication system for teleoperation and the distributed control based on CAN protocol and ISO11783. The evaluation of the developed system was based on the analysis of performance parameters such as motor response and architectural time delay obtained with the robot operation. The results show that the developed architecture can be applied for teleoperation and distributed control of agricultural robots meeting the requirements for accurate robot movement and an acceptable response time for robot control commands and supervision.
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Giray, Görkem, and Cagatay Catal. "Design of a Data Management Reference Architecture for Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137309.
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Effective and efficient data management is crucial for smart farming and precision agriculture. To realize operational efficiency, full automation, and high productivity in agricultural systems, different kinds of data are collected from operational systems using different sensors, stored in different systems, and processed using advanced techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning. Due to the complexity of data management operations, a data management reference architecture is required. While there are different initiatives to design data management reference architectures, a data management reference architecture for sustainable agriculture is missing. In this study, we follow domain scoping, domain modeling, and reference architecture design stages to design the reference architecture for sustainable agriculture. Four case studies were performed to demonstrate the applicability of the reference architecture. This study shows that the proposed data management reference architecture is practical and effective for sustainable agriculture.
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Tummers, J., A. Kassahun, and B. Tekinerdogan. "Reference architecture design for farm management information systems: a multi-case study approach." Precision Agriculture 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 22–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-020-09728-0.
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AbstractOne of the key elements of precision agriculture is the farm management information system (FMIS) that is responsible for data management, analytics and subsequent decision support. Various FMISs have been developed to support the management of farm businesses. A key artefact in the development of FMISs is the software architecture that defines the gross level structure of the system. The software architecture is important for understanding the system, analysing the design decisions and guiding the further development of the system based on the architecture. To assist in the design of the FMIS architecture, several reference architectures have been provided in the literature. Unfortunately, in practice, it is less trivial to derive the application architecture from these reference architectures. Two underlying reasons for this were identified. First of all, it appears that the proposed reference architectures do not specifically focus on FMIS but have a rather broad scope of the agricultural domain in general. Secondly, the proposed reference architectures do not seem to have followed the proper architecture documentation guidelines as defined in the software architecture community, lack precision, and thus impeding the design of the required application architectures. Presented in this article is a novel reference architecture that is dedicated to the specific FMIS domain, and which is documented using the software architecture documentation guidelines. In addition, the systematic approach for deriving application architectures from the proposed reference architecture is provided. To illustrate the approach, the results of multi-case study research are shown in which the presented reference architecture is used for deriving different FMIS application architectures.
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Fahad, Muhammad, Tariq Javid, Hira Beenish, Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui, and Ghufran Ahmed. "Extending ONTAgri with Service-Oriented Architecture towards Precision Farming Application." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179801.
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The computer science perspective of ontology refers to ontology as a technology, however, with a different perspective in terms of interrogations and concentrations to construct engineering models of reality. Agriculture-centered architectures are among rich sources of knowledge that are developed, preserved, and released for farmers and agro professionals. Many researchers have developed different variants of existing ontology-based information systems. These systems are primarily picked agriculture-related ontological strategies based on activities such as crops, weeds, implantation, irrigation, and planting, to name a few. By considering the limitations on agricultural resources in the ONTAgri scenario, in this paper, an extension of ontology is proposed. The extended ONTAgri is a service-oriented architecture that connects precision farming with both local and global decision-making methods. These decision-making methods are connected with the Internet of Things systems in parallel for the input processing of system ontology. The proposed architecture fulfills the requirements of Agriculture 4.0. The significance of the proposed approach aiming to solve a multitude of agricultural problems being faced by the farmers is successfully demonstrated through SPARQL queries.
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Steiner, Frederick R., and Kenneth R. Brooks. "Agricultural Education and Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 5, no. 1 (1986): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.5.1.19.
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Kalichkin, V. K., R. A. Koryakin, and P. K. Kutsenogiy. "Architecture and principles of work of agrarian intelligent system." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 4 (September 28, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-4-8.
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The architecture of an agrarian intelligent system is proposed, which forms the basis for a selflearning management decision support system. The system is designed to cover all stages of the preliminary analysis – from the agricultural problem formulation to the provision of an analytical report, forecast or recommendation. Based on the knowledge generated by the system, a person who does not even have a special education in agriculture can make an adequate managerial decision. The system consists of the following set of modules and blocks: the space of agricultural tasks, the space of data sources, data storage, journals, the space of models, the documentation space of decision support, the task (as an element of space), formalization of user data, formation of an input data array for applying the model, the model output data, indicators, models, the access to journals, data selection, the active circuit of the agrarian intelligent system, nodes of the agrarian intelligent system. In the future this system will be able to automate the mаnаgement of agricultural processes within the framework of the approach referred to as “Smart farming”. It is also proposed to use, in addition to the well-known models (imitation, optimization, and others), the concept of agent modeling, on which many modern foreign systems of predictive technologies in agriculture are based. The fl exibility of the system allows one to adapt it in order to solve the widest range of agricultural producer problems depending on the enterprise production specialization, climatic conditions of agricultural activities, the choice of cultivated crops and the level of intensifi cation of agricultural technologies. The system is built as fl exible and wide as possible in order to adapt to various requests, including those that may arise in the future, but have not yet been formulated at present.
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Mayoral, Eduardo. "Growing Architecture through Mycelium and Agricultural Waste." International Journal of the Constructed Environment 1, no. 4 (2012): 87–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2154-8587/cgp/v01i04/37506.
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Fujii, Akihiro. "Agricultural Application of Web of Things Architecture." Impact 2019, no. 10 (December 30, 2019): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2019.10.61.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term that describes a system of computing devices, digital machines, objects, animals or people that are interrelated. Each of the interrelated 'things' are given a unique identifier and the ability to transfer data over a network that does not require human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Examples of IoT in practice include a human with a heart monitor implant, an animal with a biochip transponder (an electronic device inserted under the skin that gives the animal a unique identification number) and a car that has built-in sensors which can alert the driver about any problems, such as when the type pressure is low. The concept of a network of devices was established as early as 1982, although the term 'Internet of Things' was almost certainly first coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. Since then, IoT devices have become ubiquitous, certainly in some parts of the world. Although there have been significant developments in the technology associated with IoT, the concept is far from being fully realised. Indeed, the potential for the reach of IoT extends to areas which some would find surprising. Researchers at the Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University in Japan, are exploring using IoT in the agricultural sector, with some specific work on the production of melons. For the advancement of IoT in agriculture, difficult and important issues are implementation of subtle activities into computers procedure. The researchers challenges are going on.
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Kerkstra, Klass. "Landscape architecture at the Wageningen Agricultural University." Landscape and Urban Planning 30, no. 3 (December 1994): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(94)90058-2.
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Tabile, Rubens A., Eduardo P. Godoy, Robson R. D. Pereira, Giovana T. Tangerino, Arthur J. V. Porto, and Ricardo Y. Inamasu. "Design and development of the architecture of an agricultural mobile robot." Engenharia Agrícola 31, no. 1 (February 2011): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162011000100013.
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Parameters such as tolerance, scale and agility utilized in data sampling for using in Precision Agriculture required an expressive number of researches and development of techniques and instruments for automation. It is highlighted the employment of methodologies in remote sensing used in coupled to a Geographic Information System (GIS), adapted or developed for agricultural use. Aiming this, the application of Agricultural Mobile Robots is a strong tendency, mainly in the European Union, the USA and Japan. In Brazil, researches are necessary for the development of robotics platforms, serving as a basis for semi-autonomous and autonomous navigation systems. The aim of this work is to describe the project of an experimental platform for data acquisition in field for the study of the spatial variability and development of agricultural robotics technologies to operate in agricultural environments. The proposal is based on a systematization of scientific work to choose the design parameters utilized for the construction of the model. The kinematic study of the mechanical structure was made by the virtual prototyping process, based on modeling and simulating of the tension applied in frame, using the.
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Sunguroğlu Hensel, Defne. "Data-Driven Research on Ecological Prototypes for Green Architecture: Enabling Urban Intensification and Restoration through Agricultural Hybrids." Dimensions 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0106.
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Editorial Summary In »Data-Driven Research on Ecological Prototypes for Green Architecture« Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel introduces a design research attempt to the field of environment design, landscape, architecture, and green technologies in the context of urbanization, questioning the interrelation of architectural buildings and ecological, agricultural, and natural free space. This research proposes their inclusive interplay, aiming to dissolve the notion of construction as a driving force of land degradation and instead emphasizing its potential to facilitate green infrastructures in the realm of the built environment. Green constructions are described as a reasonable interlocking of architectural basic structures and their agricultural or horticultural use. She analyzes historically proven examples, underlining their contemporary potentials for adaptation and transition. [Katharina Voigt]
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Mao, Wenju, Zhijie Liu, Heng Liu, Fuzeng Yang, and Meirong Wang. "Research Progress on Synergistic Technologies of Agricultural Multi-Robots." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041448.
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Multi-robots have shown good application prospects in agricultural production. Studying the synergistic technologies of agricultural multi-robots can not only improve the efficiency of the overall robot system and meet the needs of precision farming but also solve the problems of decreasing effective labor supply and increasing labor costs in agriculture. Therefore, starting from the point of view of an agricultural multiple robot system architectures, this paper reviews the representative research results of five synergistic technologies of agricultural multi-robots in recent years, namely, environment perception, task allocation, path planning, formation control, and communication, and summarizes the technological progress and development characteristics of these five technologies. Finally, because of these development characteristics, it is shown that the trends and research focus for agricultural multi-robots are to optimize the existing technologies and apply them to a variety of agricultural multi-robots, such as building a hybrid architecture of multi-robot systems, SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), cooperation learning of robots, hybrid path planning and formation reconstruction. While synergistic technologies of agricultural multi-robots are extremely challenging in production, in combination with previous research results for real agricultural multi-robots and social development demand, we conclude that it is realistic to expect automated multi-robot systems in the future.
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Zhang, Shu Dong, N. M. Yao, and Y. Qin. "Study on the Architecture for Agricultural Products Quantity Security Early Warning System." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.228.
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The early warning system for agricultural products quantity security requires storing and analyzing massive agricultural data. These data is of huge amount, heterogeneous, and has a wide-ranging source, thus the system should have an effective data collection mechanism. Based on all these requirements, how to construct an efficient early warning system has become a primary problem. In this paper, we focused our research on the architecture of the early warning system, and divided the system into application system, data collection system, and persistence system. Then we put forward reasonable architecture for each of them based on Web service and data warehouse. Finally, we emphasized on the discussion on the process of acquiring data from ministries based on the use of Web service adaptation technology. The proposed architectures are with fine flexibility and robustness, so they could be effectively used on the construction of the early warning system.
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Rábová, Ivana. "Value of business architecture document in agricultural area." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 6 (2004): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452060129.
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In connection with demanding goals in agriculture and its reconstruction and modernization there is a need for formal presentation of some problems. This article deals with the possibilities how to analyze and model the current state of business. At this business architecture model it is possible to specify the problem areas and subsequently reconstruct and optimize them. In this article the presented business architecture includes models of goals, resources, processes and rules of common business. The article might be methodical aid for management of agriculture business that would like this document to be a part of their projects for the support from the European Union funds.
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Kakamoukas, Georgios, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis, Andreas Maropoulos, Thomas Lagkas, Konstantinos Zaralis, and Chrysoula Karaiskou. "Towards Climate Smart Farming—A Reference Architecture for Integrated Farming Systems." Telecom 2, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom2010005.
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Climate change is emerging as a major threat to farming, food security and the livelihoods of millions of people across the world. Agriculture is strongly affected by climate change due to increasing temperatures, water shortage, heavy rainfall and variations in the frequency and intensity of excessive climatic events such as floods and droughts. Farmers need to adapt to climate change by developing advanced and sophisticated farming systems instead of simply farming at lower intensity and occupying more land. Integrated agricultural systems constitute a promising solution, as they can lower reliance on external inputs, enhance nutrient cycling and increase natural resource use efficiency. In this context, the concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) emerged as a promising solution to secure the resources for the growing world population under climate change conditions. This work proposes a CSA architecture for fostering and supporting integrated agricultural systems, such as Mixed Farming Systems (MFS), by facilitating the design, the deployment and the management of crop–livestock-=forestry combinations towards sustainable, efficient and climate resilient agricultural systems. Propelled by cutting-edge technology solutions in data collection and processing, along with fully autonomous monitoring systems, e.g., smart sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the proposed architecture called MiFarm-CSA, aims to foster core interactions among animals, forests and crops, while mitigating the high complexity of these interactions, through a novel conceptual framework.
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Amna, Lailatul. "PENERAPAN ARSITEKTUR EKOLOGI DALAM PERANCANGAN PUSAT PENELITIAN AGRIKULTUR DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN." ARSITEKTURA 15, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i2.15236.
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<p class="Abstract"><em>Indonesia is known as an agricultural country, which means Indonesia has high rate of agricultural production. However, Indonesia has not fully fulfilled its own food needs, seeing by the high number of food imports to Indonesia. Therefore, the government's agricultural development program is established which includes the development of science and technology (IPTEK) in agriculture. The application of Ecological Architecture theory is considered appropriate because it involves all related elements in the design of human, building and nature. This research is aimed to determine the design of research centre building which is able to facilitate the research activities in accordance with the standard of research space based on the principle of Ecological Architecture theory. The method used is data collection based on literature study, observation and comparation to the design object and application of Ecological Architecture theory, which is then applied as design strategies on the design object, starting from site selection, site analysis, as well as façade analysis. From the analysis that has been done then generated a research centre design that can support the sustainability of agricultural research activities based on the application of Ecological Architecture theory.</em></p>
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Wei, Xiu Mei, Jing Hong, and Xiao Ning Guo. "Research the Methods of the New Generation of Information Technologies to Promote the Development of Wisdom Agriculture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1538.
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Through the analysis of application status of internet of things technology and cloud computing such as the new generation of information technologies in the wisdom agriculture and the existing problems, we puts forward the integrated model of IOT, cloud computing and agricultural information technology, and agricultural technology system architecture model of new generation information technology conditions.
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Duan, Yan E., and Xiang Jie Niu. "Research on Farmland Information Acquisition System Based on IoT." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.1085.
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Agricultural information technology (AIT) has been broadly applied to every aspect of agriculture and has become the most effective means & tools for improving agricultural productivity. As an important sub-technology of AIT, the using of technology of Information Acquisition directly affects the degree of agricultural informatization and accuracy of agricultural production’s decision. In this paper, on the basis of introducing the characteristics of farmland production and traditional data collecting method, the designing architecture of farmland information acquisition system and related core technologies was discussed in detail.
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Mocera, Francesco, and Aurelio Somà. "Analysis of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Tractor for Agricultural Applications." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123055.
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The field of Non-Road Mobile Machineries (NRMM) is now more than ever considering the adoption of electric systems to reduce the amount of pollutant emissions per unit of work. However, the intensity and complexity of the tasks performed by a working machine during its life is an obstacle to the widespread adoption of electric systems. Specific design solutions are required to properly split the power output of the hybrid powertrain among the different loads (wheel, power take off, hydraulic tools, etc.). In this work, a performance analysis between a traditional agricultural tractor and a proposed hybrid electric architecture of the same vehicle is shown. The comparison was performed on a set of tasks characterized on a real orchard tractor which were used to build the input signals of two different numerical models: one for the traditional diesel architecture and the other for the hybrid electric solution. The two models were tested with the same operating tasks to have a one to one comparison of the two architectures. Peak power capabilities of the hybrid solution and performance of the Load Observer energy management strategy were investigated to validate the feasibility of the proposed solution.
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Lu, Yan. "Cultural Architecture for the Promotion and the Citizenization of Rural Population." Open House International 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0026.
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With the rapid development of the society and the economy, the scale of urban construction has been continuously improved, and the service supply of the agricultural transfer population in the city has become a problem that must be solved. Based on this, the planning and design of the public cultural service supply and the urban integration of the agricultural transfer population were put forward in this paper. First of all, the background of the study on the cultural needs of the current agricultural transfer population was expounded, and the planning and design of the current urban public cultural service supply was discussed; then the design of public cultural architecture was put forward on the basis of meeting the demand of agricultural transfer population; with the public cultural and architectural project in a city as an example, the planning of urban parks and cultural and art centers was proposed to provide reference for promoting the integration of agricultural transfer population.
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Holovanova, Hanna. "Management mechanisms of commodity specialization of agricultural enterprises." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-8.
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Introduction. The importance of specialization research is due to its role in the economic growth of the country, as it contributes to the resources concentration on the production of competitive products, the provision of scientific and techno-logical development and increase the efficiency of agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the study is to develop mechanisms for managing commodity specialization of agricultural enter-prises. Results. The unique features of agriculture in the general structure of the national economy are identified. The deci-sive role of land resources has been determined. The influence levels on the management of commodity specialization of agri-cultural enterprises are broadened: nationwide, regional and local, for which the means of influence are allocated. The rea-sons for the imbalance in the structure of agricultural production are considered. The groups of factors that influence the resources reproduction as factors of agricultural production are distinguished: socio-political, socio-economic, priorities of state agrarian policy, using level of agricultural land and other resources, natural and climatic conditions, seasonality of production, energy and resource intensity, innovative technologies implementation. The structure of Ukrainian agriculture on 3 levels in terms of crop, livestock and hunting is offered. The necessity factors of systematic influence on commodity specialization management of agrarian enterprises are determined. The determinants of commodity specialization of agricul-tural enterprises are presented. Conclusions. The architecture of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing the commodity speciali-zation of agricultural enterprises is provided, which includes the internal environment of the enterprise, the direct mecha-nism, options for development, the conditions influence of the external environment functioning and the factors of influence on the specialization of the agricultural enterprise. The concept takes into account tendencies of economic potential for-mation, internal infrastructure of the enterprise, basic architectural decisions and standards, management model and re-quirements to management processes, and also defines principles of transition from the existing state of the enterprise to the target one. Keywords: commodity specialization, agricultural enterprises, structure of agriculture, determinants, organizational and economic mechanism, crop production, livestock.
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Fiore, E., and S. Iaccarino. "AN HISTORICALLY-INFORMED APPROACH TO THE CONSERVATION OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF THE PHLEGREAN FARMHOUSES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-153-2020.
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Abstract. Landscape is always the object of countless mutations: some of them disrupt its identifying features; others leave intact its original traits. Vernacular architecture is linked closely to the vocation of its landscapes, especially agricultural ones: this is the case of Pianura, a neighbourhood in the Phlegrean western suburban area of Naples, where the remains of vernacular architecture and its connections to agriculture are still traceable among the unstoppable process of building speculation which, since the 1960s, has torn up the rural fabric. In this uncontrolled development of the modern city, the architectural heritage of the farmhouse has shown its resilience: although parts of it appear to have been completely engulfed by the uncontrolled expansion of the city, in as many cases farmhouses have endured time, degradation, and indifference towards their historical value. In the heart of the neighbourhood, the masseria, with all its recurring features, remains the most widespread housing model, despite more recent interventions. Through the study of the history and architectural features of Masseria S. Lorenzo, this contribution aims to identify possible guidelines and strategies for the conservation of the material and immaterial values of these examples of vernacular architecture, putting them on a restoration and re-functionalisation path that is mindful of their past heritage and future potential.
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Spasojević, Boris, Aleksandar Đukić, and Dragan Stanković. "Reforms of the Community Agrarian Policy: Misconception or New Agricultural Architecture?" ECONOMICS 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0024.
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Summary The European Union is the most complex and by any aspect the most unique example of a regional economic integration. Its origin, evolution and survival are based on a common legislative and institutional framework. The so-called common policies implemented in a number of economic and non-economic areas are particularly distinctive. Most of them are implemented on two levels: national and communal. The only common policy that is fully implemented at the European Union level is the Community Agrarian Policy (CAP), whereas the agriculture has the highest expenditure in the communal budget. The function of CAP is primarily economic as its goals are strictly related to economic issues: price stability of agricultural products, productivity growth, higher wages for the farmers, etc. The CAP strengthens the Union’s social cohesion, which is of utmost importance in times of constant crises, BREXIT and other extreme instabilities. For this reason, the CAP has been in the processes of continuous reforms (MacShary, Mansholt and those of recent times) for decades, in order to increase its efficiency and justify enormous financial investments. The CAP results depend on the achievement of preset objectives and the exchange of agricultural products and food that the European Union generates globally. It has been demonstrated that the CAP is a significant common policy, both in achieving economic goals and in the sphere of strengthening communal cohesion.
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Costopoulou, C. I., and M. A. Lambrou. "An architecture of Virtual Agricultural Market systems: The case of trading perishable agricultural products." Information Services & Use 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/isu-2000-20105.
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Zhu, Hong Mei, Yong Quan Liang, Qi Jia Tian, and Shu Juan Ji. "Agricultural Policy-Oriented Ontology-Based Semantic Information Retrieval." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.572.
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Research on architecture of ontology-based information semantic representation and Retrieval is done. As a case study, a prototype for agricultural policy-oriented ontology-based semantic information retrieval system (APOSIRS) is established. Ontology plays a role that providing a shared terminology and supporting for the retrieval process. The architecture allows APOSIRS-based applications to perform automatic semantic information Retrieval of agricultural policy text at more length: automatic and dynamic semantic annotation of unstructured and semi-structured content, semantically-enabled information extraction, indexing, retrieval, as well as ontology management, such as querying and modifying the underlying ontology and knowledge bases. Main components of this architecture have been implemented and their results are reported.
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Sun, Pei Feng, and Yong He. "Study on Remote Distributed Fault Diagnosis System in Modern Agricultural Machinery." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.356.
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A remote distribution based agricultural mechanical fault diagnosis system was proposed against the characteristics of high technology and difficult fault diagnosis in the modern agriculture and the time-sensitive requirements in agricultural production. The paper introduced the overall system architecture and working principle, analyzed the development of site monitoring and diagnostic system, remote diagnosis center, network communication systems, and software systems development, and investigated the system’s main implementation techniques, which include network database technology, data compression and transmission technology and system security technology.
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Peters, Debra P. C., Adam Rivers, Jerry L. Hatfield, Danielle G. Lemay, Simon Liu, and Bruno Basso. "Harnessing AI to Transform Agriculture and Inform Agricultural Research." IT Professional 22, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2020.2986124.
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Palupiningrum, Agustina Widi. "Strategic Architecture for School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University." Higher Education Studies 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v6n1p40.
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<p class="Default">This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors that influence the development of SB-IPB, analyze SB-IPB strategic foresight and designing SB-IPB strategic architecture. This research is a descriptive research in the form of a case study. Respondents in this study are experts from inside and outside of IPB who are policy makers, alumni users, competitors, and alumni. Based on the internal environment analysis, it is found that SB-IPB internal resource advantages will still have the quality of competitive parity, the curriculum will have a temporary competitive advantage, and the reputation will have a sustained competitive advantage. In the external environment analysis, it is indicated that changes in the external environment provides great opportunities to the development of SB-IPB. Important issues that affect the development of SB-IPB in the future will be institutional change, change of mindset in the curriculum, internationalization, and changes in the business world. Five focus strategies will be compiled in 2015 until 2019, they are: development and strengthening of the institution and the curriculum in the first year, strengthening in networking and benchmarking in the second year, internationalization in the third year, and strengthening SB-IPB excellence in the fourth year to achieve its goal to be a first class business school in the fifth year. </p>
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刘, 卫. "Implementation Architecture Design of Cognitive Agricultural Internet of Things." Computer Science and Application 10, no. 12 (2020): 2371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2020.1012251.
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Maltseva, I. N., N. N. Kaganovich, and T. N. Mindiyrova. "Agricultural Urbanism in the Context of Landscape Ecological Architecture." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 262 (November 2017): 012151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/262/1/012151.
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Hsu, Chia-Hsin, Chien-Kuo Chen, and Ming-Jing Hwang. "The architectural design of networks of protein domain architectures." Biology Letters 9, no. 4 (August 23, 2013): 20130268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0268.
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Protein domain architectures (PDAs), in which single domains are linked to form multiple-domain proteins, are a major molecular form used by evolution for the diversification of protein functions. However, the design principles of PDAs remain largely uninvestigated. In this study, we constructed networks to connect domain architectures that had grown out from the same single domain for every single domain in the Pfam-A database and found that there are three main distinctive types of these networks, which suggests that evolution can exploit PDAs in three different ways. Further analysis showed that these three different types of PDA networks are each adopted by different types of protein domains, although many networks exhibit the characteristics of more than one of the three types. Our results shed light on nature's blueprint for protein architecture and provide a framework for understanding architectural design from a network perspective.
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Kerbler, Boštjan. "The multi-functionality of agriculture and agricultural policy." Urbani izziv 17, no. 1-2 (2006): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2006-17-01-02-013.
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Mišovič, Milan, and Oldřich Faldík. "Applying of component system development in object methodology." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072515.
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In the last three decades, the concept and implementation of component-based architectures have been promoted in software systems creation. Increasingly complex demands are placed on the software component systems, in particular relating to the dynamic properties. The emergence of such requirements has been gradually enforced by the practice of development and implementation of these systems, especially for information systems software.Just the information systems (robust IS) of different types require that target software meets their requirements. Among other things, we mean primarily the adaptive processes of different domains, high distributives due to the possibilities of the Internet 2.0, acceptance of high integrity of life domains (process, data and communications integrity), scalability, and flexible adaptation to process changes, a good context for external devices and transparent structure of the sub-process modules and architectural units.Of course, the target software of required qualities and the type robust cannot be a monolith. As commonly known, development of design toward information systems software has clearly come to the need for the software composition of completely autonomous, but cooperating architectural units that communicate with each other using messages of prescribed formats.Although for such units there were often used the so called subsystems and modules, see (Jac, Boo, Rumbo, 1998) and (Arlo, Neus, 2007), their abstraction being gradually enacted as the term component. In other words, the subsystems and modules are specific types of components.In (Král, Žeml, 2000) and (Král, Žeml, 2003) there are considered two types of target software of information systems. The first type – there are SWC (Software Components), composed of permanently available components, which are thought as services – Confederate software. The second type – SWA (Software Alliance), called semi Confederate, formed during the run-time of the software system and referred to as software alliance.In both of these mentioned publications there is delivered deep philosophy of relevant issues relating to SWC / SWA as creating copies of components (cloning), the establishment and destruction of components at software run-time (dynamic reconfiguration), cooperation of autonomous components, programmable management of components interface in depending on internal components functionality and customer requirements (functionality, security, versioning).Nevertheless, even today we can meet numerous cases of SWC / SWA existence, with a highly developed architecture that is accepting vast majority of these requests. On the other hand, in the development practice of component-based systems with a dynamic architecture (i.e. architecture with dynamic reconfiguration), and finally with a mobile architecture (i.e. architecture with dynamic component mobility) confirms the inadequacy of the design methods contained in UML 2.0. It proves especially the dissertation thesis (Rych, Weis, 2008). Software Engineering currently has two different approaches to systems SWC / SWA. The first approach is known as component-oriented software development CBD (Component based Development). According to (Szyper, 2002) that is a collection of CBD methodologies that are heavily focused on the setting up and software components re-usability within the architecture. Although CBD does not show high theoretical approach, nevertheless, it is classified under the general evolution of SDP (Software Development Process), see (Sommer, 2010) as one of its two dominant directions.From a structural point of view, a software system consists of self-contained, interoperable architectural units – components based on well-defined interfaces. Classical procedural object-oriented methodologies significantly do not use the component meta-models, based on which the target component systems are formed, then. Component meta-models describe the syntax, semantics of components. They are a system of rules for components, connectors and configuration. Component meta-models for dynamic and mobile architectures also describe the concept of rules for configuration changes (rules for reconfiguration). As well-known meta-models are now considered: Wright for static architecture, SOFA and Darvin for dynamic architecture and SOFA 2.0 for mobile architecture, see (Rych, Weis, 2008).The CBD approach verbally defines the basic terms as component (primitive / composite), interface, component system, configuration, reconfiguration, logical (structural) view, process view (behavioral), static component architecture, dynamic architecture, mobile architecture (fully dynamic architecture), see (IEEE Report, 2000) and (Crnk, Chaud, 2006).The CBD approach also presents several ADL languages (Architecture Description Languages) which are able to describe software architecture. The known languages are integration ACME and UML (Unified Modeling Language), see (Garl, Mon, Wil, 2000) and (UNIFEM, 2005).The second approach to SWC / SWA systems is formed on SOA, but this article does not deal with it consistently.SOA is a philosophy of architecture. SOA is not a methodology for the comprehensive development of the target software. Nevertheless, SOA successfully filled the role of software design philosophy and on the other hand, also gave an important concept linking software components and their architectural units – business services. SOA understands any software as a Component System of a business service and solved life components in it. The physical implementation of components is given by a Web services platform. A certain lack of SOA is its weak link to the business processes that are a universally recognized platform for business activities and the source for the creation of enterprise services.This paper deals with a specific activity in the CBD, i.e. the integration of the concept of component-based system into an advanced procedural, object-oriented methodology (Arlo, Neust, 2007), (Kan, Müller, 2005), (Krutch, 2003) for problem domains with double-layer process logic. There is indicated an integration method, based on a certain meta-model (Applying of the Component system Development in object Methodology) and leading to the component system formation. The mentioned meta-model is divided into partial workflows that are located in different stages of a classic object process-based methodology. Into account there are taken the consistency of the input and output artifacts in working practices of the meta-model and mentioned object methodology. This paper focuses on static component systems that are starting to explore dynamic and mobile component systems.In addition, in the contribution the component system is understood as a specific system, for its system properties and basic terms notation being used a set and graph and system algebra.
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Bernstein, Ethan S., and Stephen Turban. "The impact of the ‘open’ workspace on human collaboration." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1753 (July 2, 2018): 20170239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0239.
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Organizations’ pursuit of increased workplace collaboration has led managers to transform traditional office spaces into ‘open’, transparency-enhancing architectures with fewer walls, doors and other spatial boundaries, yet there is scant direct empirical research on how human interaction patterns change as a result of these architectural changes. In two intervention-based field studies of corporate headquarters transitioning to more open office spaces, we empirically examined—using digital data from advanced wearable devices and from electronic communication servers—the effect of open office architectures on employees' face-to-face, email and instant messaging (IM) interaction patterns. Contrary to common belief, the volume of face-to-face interaction decreased significantly (approx. 70%) in both cases, with an associated increase in electronic interaction. In short, rather than prompting increasingly vibrant face-to-face collaboration, open architecture appeared to trigger a natural human response to socially withdraw from officemates and interact instead over email and IM. This is the first study to empirically measure both face-to-face and electronic interaction before and after the adoption of open office architecture. The results inform our understanding of the impact on human behaviour of workspaces that trend towards fewer spatial boundaries. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.
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Navarro, Julio, Fidel Garrido, and Íñigo Almela. "The Agdal of Marrakesh (12th to 20th Centuries): An Agricultural Space for Caliphs and Sultans. Part II: Hydraulics, Architecture, and Agriculture." Muqarnas Online 35, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 1–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993_03501p003.
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Abstract The Agdal is a royal estate located south of Marrakesh, founded by the Almohad caliph Abu Yaʿqub Yusuf (r. 1163–84). Its current walled perimeter contains 340 hectares, mostly orchards that have been cultivated uninterruptedly, and more than 40 preserved buildings, with numerous archaeological remains scattered throughout its interior. This article is a continuation of one published previously in Muqarnas 34 (2017), which focused on the history of the estate and provided an analysis of the written sources. In this second part, we present an archaeological and architectural study of the Agdal from the material record that we documented in two archaeological surveys carried out in 2012 and 2014. We discuss the complex hydraulic system that has sustained the estate, the internal organization of the enclosures and plots, its diverse agricultural production, the configuration of palatine architecture and spaces for animals, as well as the successive historical transformations of the Agdal.
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Sáez, E., and J. Canziani. "VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES IN THE SONDONDO VALLEY (PERU)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-175-2020.
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Abstract. Sondondo is an inter-Andean valley located between 3,500 and 4,500 meters above sea level. Inhabited, transformed and modelled since ancient times by the local rural communities, an extraordinary cultural landscape has been created through their particular relationship with the environment. Since the pre-Hispanic settlements (Wari 600 AD), through colonial indigenous “reductions”, to the villages of vernacular architecture, which are at the foundation of contemporary populated centres, the territory has been variously and successively settled, inhabited and transformed. Its vernacular architecture has evolved at multiple scales, from domestic architecture to urban structures. It has created spaces for agriculture and livestock herding, and the spectacular agricultural andenerías (farming platforms and terraces) that have shaped the territory for centuries. The latter simultaneously developed irrigation infrastructures and techniques. The result is a landscape of great plastic effects, in a geographical setting bordered by the apus – tutelar mountains – traditionally “sacralized” by the Andean cultures. Such enormous architectural-landscape legacy is now threatened by imported global models of false modernity disrupting the fragile balance of lifestyles and territories. The objective of this research project, ongoing since 2016, is to assess this territory, catalogue its vernacular architecture and landscape units. It also aims to propose projects and initiatives for sustainable local development. The work has been made available to the Ministry of Culture of Peru to support its request before UNESCO to include the site in its World Heritage List.
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Chaux, Jesus David, David Sanchez-Londono, and Giacomo Barbieri. "A Digital Twin Architecture to Optimize Productivity within Controlled Environment Agriculture." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 8875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198875.
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To ensure food security, agricultural production systems should innovate in the direction of increasing production while reducing utilized resources. Due to the higher level of automation with respect to traditional agricultural systems, Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) applications generally achieve better yields and quality crops at the expenses of higher energy consumption. In this context, Digital Twin (DT) may constitute a fundamental tool to reach the optimization of the productivity, intended as the ratio between production and resource consumption. For this reason, a DT Architecture for CEA systems is introduced within this work and applied to a case study for its validation. The proposed architecture is potentially able to optimize productivity since it utilizes simulation software that enables the optimization of: (i) Climate control strategies related to the control of the crop microclimate; (ii) treatments related to crop management. Due to the importance of food security in the worldwide landscape, the authors hope that this work may impulse the investigation of strategies for improving the productivity of CEA systems.
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Mareček, J. "Folk landscape architecture as a significant value of Czech landscape." Horticultural Science 34, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1846-hortsci.
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In the past the image of Czech countryside was created by agricultural and social activities of the rural population in a significant manner. These activities related to natural elements and to the creation of landscape in a wider sense can be described as folk landscape architecture. Its object is mainly the spatial arrangement and assortment composition of vegetation and its functionality in villages and in their landscape environment. This study defines these activities as time limited regional (local) customary practices of agricultural and cultural and social character, reflected especially in the spatial arrangement and assortment composition of vegetation elements. Vegetation and other natural elements are evaluated as functional singularities and as functional systems in relation to particular structures, type of village pattern and state of the surrounding landscape. Besides the methodical categorisation of evaluated objects principles for their use in different forms of land-use planning are defined. A significant result of this study is the definition of landscape architecture as a phenomenon of the rural population lifestyle in which not only the past but also the future of rural landscape is reflected.
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Borodychev, V. V., V. A. Shevchenko, and M. N. Lytov. "Conceptual approaches to assessment and allocation of unused lands for organic agriculture projects." New Technologies 16, no. 6 (February 20, 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2020-16-6-58-69.
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The purpose of the research is to develop a scientifically based system for assessing and allocating unused agricultural lands for the creation of organic agriculture projects. The Methods. The working hypothesis of the research is based on the assumption of the possibility of priority development of unused lands, including the former reclaimed agricultural ones for organization of organic agricultural production. The subject of the research is systemic and methodological aspects and algorithms for the allocation of unused agricultural plots, as well as the development of projects for the production of organic products on these lands. The Results. The research proposed an algorithm for assessing the possibility of using waste and fallow lands for creating organic agriculture projects on their basis, which includes several groups of assessments, including general assessments, geo-oriented assessments, environmental assessments, sanitary and phytosanitary assessments. The results of these studies are an exhaustive information base for developing a well-grounded judgment on the possibility of using cultivated land in the implementation of new projects of organic agriculture. The result of solving the algorithm is the implementation of one of two outcomes, the first of which allows you to form a reasonable judgment about the compliance of the land plot with the principles of organic agriculture, and the second rejects this assumption. Assessment of the possibility of using the land under development in organic agriculture projects is the input research block of the enlarged algorithm for creating organic production. Work is carried out on four enlarged blocks in a sequence regulated by the architecture of the proposed algorithm. At each stage, the creation of a project may be rejected, for which special groups and methods of evaluation are used. The Conclusions. Carrying out research in accordance with the architecture of the developed algorithms allows, at the lowest cost, to develop optimal solutions for the creation and implementation of an organic agriculture project on cultivated, previously unused, agricultural lands.
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Lin, Yuan Guai. "Research the Architecture of a New Leisure Agriculture Intelligent System Base on the Internet of Things." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4298.
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According to Hainan smart tourism problem characteristic, a new leisure agriculture intelligent system was proposed combining agricultural technology and the Internet of Things technology. The paper illustrates the overall structure of the system, then design the software platform frame of the system which on Struts, Hibernate, Spring Framework for J2EE technology. The system may provide an effective solution for leisure agricultural intelligent; the intelligent data center analyzes and processes the data, combine with the expert decision-making system, providing support for the user to better understand, then real-time tracking, make cultivation strategies or control online, the user can browse the information via the Internet .
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Guderjan, Thomas H. "E-GROUPS, PSEUDO–E-GROUPS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CLASSIC MAYA IDENTITY IN THE EASTERN PETEN." Ancient Mesoamerica 17, no. 1 (January 2006): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536106050140.
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The identity of the Classic Maya was expressed through public architecture and the creation of sacred landscape, which incorporated the landscape of creation and the concept of the world tree. Pyramids, plazas, stelae, and ballcourts were important components of this landscape. In the Peten, architectural complexes known as “E-groups” were another component. E-groups are well-known astronomical “orientation calendars” that were first built in the Terminal Preclassic period. Named after Group E at Uaxactun, they consist of three buildings on the east side of a public plaza and a fourth in the middle of the plaza or on the west side. Terminal Preclassic E-groups functioned as solstice and equinox markers. However, their function changed in the Early Classic period, arguably due to influence from Teotihuacan, to a focus on agricultural seasons. In this paper, I argue that pseudo–E-groups were built well into the Late Classic period in the eastern Peten and were a defining architectural complex for the region. The original, functional Terminal Preclassic E-groups were based on ritual activities focused on solar events. By the Early Classic, E-groups had become multipurpose parts of the sacred landscape of public architecture. Late Classic pseudo–E-groups, however, had become nonfunctional for either solar or agriculturally oriented observation. Nevertheless, they had become so deeply embedded into the template of sacred space and architecture that pseudo–E–groups were constructed to reinforce the identity of cities and the validity of their rulers.
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Rovira-Más, Francisco. "Sensor Architecture and Task Classification for Agricultural Vehicles and Environments." Sensors 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2010): 11226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s101211226.
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Tabile, Rubens Andre, Eduardo Paciencia Godoy, Robson Rogerio Dutra Pereira, Giovana Tripoloni Tangerino, Arthur José Vieira Porto, and Ricardo Yassushi Inamasu. "Design of the mechatronic architecture of an agricultural mobile robot." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 18 (2010): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100913-3-us-2015.00102.
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Adamczyk, Jolanta, and Radosław Kurzyp. "Of fallows in agricultural lanscape in planning of ecological architecture." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture XXXI, no. 61 (3/II/14) (December 2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rb.2014.69.
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Ramirez, W., P. Achanccaray, L. F. Mendoza, and M. A. C. Pacheco. "DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR WEED DETECTION IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS USING OPTICAL AERIAL IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W12-2020 (November 6, 2020): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w12-2020-551-2020.
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Abstract. The presence of weeds in agricultural crops has been one of the problems of greatest interest in recent years as they consume natural resources and negatively affect the agricultural process. For this purpose, a model has been implemented to segment weed in aerial images. The proposed model relies on DeepLabv3 architecture trained upon patches extracted from high-resolution aerial imagery. The dataset employed consisted in 5 high-resolution images that describes a sugar beet agricultural field in Germany. SegNet and U-Net architectures were selected for comparison purposes. Our results demonstrate that balancing of data, together with a greater spatial context leads better results with DeepLabv3 achieving up to 0.89 and 0.81 in terms of AUC and F1-score, respectively.
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Díaz-Poblete, Carmelo, María Carmen García-Cortijo, and Juan Sebastián Castillo-Valero. "Is the Greening Instrument a Valid Precedent for the New Green Architecture of the CAP? The Case of Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105705.
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The Common Agricultural Policy 2014–2020, set up in 2015 and extended until 31 December 2022, introduced a payment instrument called Greening. The aim of Greening was to encourage agricultural practices that are beneficial for the environment while also contributing to economic and territorial dynamism. The purpose of this article is to study the effect that Greening has had in Spain. We consider five difference-in-difference models, one for each of the variables proposed: ecological focus areas, permanent grasslands over utilised agricultural area, CO2 emissions stemming from agricultural land use changes and the presence of woody crops, agricultural income, and affiliates of the special agricultural regime. The data used come from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, the Ministry for Inclusion, Social Security, and Migrations, and the Spanish Emissions Inventory System. For the diff-in diff estimations, we use Spain’s regions as control and treatment units from 2011 to 2018, the aim being to provide observations ex ante Greening (2011–2014) and ex post (2015–2018). The results show that Greening had a limited impact, questioning its efficiency for meeting its goal, and that it is not a sound precedent for building the new green architecture of the CAP.
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Debastiani-Júnior, J. R., L. M. A. Elmoor-Loureiro, and M. G. Nogueira. "Habitat architecture influencing microcrustaceans composition: a case study on freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea Branchiopoda)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 76, no. 1 (January 22, 2016): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.13514.
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Abstract Environmental complexity is considered a key factor for diversity enhancement in aquatic ecosystems. Macrophyte stands are a major contributor for this complexity due to their differential architectures. Nevertheless, the influence of distinct aquatic habitat architectures (with different types of macrophytes or without them) on microcrustaceans’ taxa composition, usually found in macrophyte colonized water bodies, is underexplored in limnological studies. The main objective of this study was to analyze this influence by comparing the Cladocera composition among four habitat architectures: (1) fluctuant macrophytes, (2) rooted emergent macrophytes, (3) submerged macrophytes and (4) the limnetic zone of oxbow lakes associated to a large subtropical reservoir. Wide compositional variation was observed. Fluctuant macrophytes exhibited the richest Cladocera assemblage, dominated by Chydoridae. Submerged and rooted emergent macrophytes had the most similar assemblages between them. The most distinctive fauna was found in the limnetic zone, dominated by Bosminidae. Probable differences in resource availability in each sampled habitat architecture are considered as the driving factor for the Cladocera composition variation. We concluded that for a complete inventory of a given local fauna, it is imperative to take into account the aquatic habitat architecture, including macrophyte stands, in the data sampling design.
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Kalyani, Yogeswaranathan, and Rem Collier. "A Systematic Survey on the Role of Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Combination in Smart Agriculture." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175922.
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Cloud Computing is a well-established paradigm for building service-centric systems. However, ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, security, and real-time analytics are limitations in Cloud Computing when analysing and providing results for a large amount of data. Fog and Edge Computing offer solutions to the limitations of Cloud Computing. The number of agricultural domain applications that use the combination of Cloud, Fog, and Edge is increasing in the last few decades. This article aims to provide a systematic literature review of current works that have been done in Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing applications in the smart agriculture domain between 2015 and up-to-date. The key objective of this review is to identify all relevant research on new computing paradigms with smart agriculture and propose a new architecture model with the combinations of Cloud–Fog–Edge. Furthermore, it also analyses and examines the agricultural application domains, research approaches, and the application of used combinations. Moreover, this survey discusses the components used in the architecture models and briefly explores the communication protocols used to interact from one layer to another. Finally, the challenges of smart agriculture and future research directions are briefly pointed out in this article.
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Csontos, Györgyi. "Using Passive Energy Systems in Ecofarm Architecture." YBL Journal of Built Environment 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbe-2013-0003.
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Abstract The history of eco (organic) farming in Hungary has begun in 1983. Currently, approx. 2% of the agricultural area is managed this way. This research gives a survey on the architectural backgrounds of this specific land management type. Sustainability and energy conservation have brought along a new demand in the construction industry, including design and operation of agricultural buildings: the usage of energy efficient, environmentally friendly and preferably renewable energy based building alternatives. Among the energy-saving solutions we have to emphasize those passive systems in particular, which use the natural conditions (sunlight, shading, ventilation, gravity, etc.) on their own, without the help of mechanical equipment, and achieve energy efficiency by placing and structuring technological buildings accordingly.