Journal articles: 'Agricultural clubs'

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Kijek, Arkadiusz, Tomasz Kijek, and Anna Nowak. "Club convergence of labour productivity in agriculture: Evidence from EU countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 9 (2020): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/178/2020-agricecon.

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This paper studies club convergence in relation to labour productivity in the agriculture industry of 28 European Union countries for the period 2005 to 2018. The countries were divided into three groups which were homogeneous in terms of level of development in the agricultural sector. The presence of convergence in the groups of countries was verified by using a panel-data model of conditional β-convergence. Then, convergence processes were investigated within clubs of countries. Convergence processes took place in the groups of countries with low and medium levels of labour productivity. In the club of countries where labour productivity was high, opposite processes (i.e. divergence) were observed.

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Grijalva-Contreras, Raul Leonel, Francisco Lopez-Vilches, and Victor Salvador-Rivas. "Technology Transfer through the Use of Growers Clubs in Northwest Mexico." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 456B—456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.456b.

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The Growers Club provides a good alternative for technology transfer generation in experiment stations, universities, and other research institutions in Mexico. At this time, there are 10 Growers Clubs in northwest Mexico, mainly in Sonora and Sinaloa states. During 1996, in the agricultural area in Caborca, Sonora, the Grower Club “REME”-SOCOADA was formed with 10 members—all of them are willing to adopt new technologies. The main goal of this club is to improve the yield using the validation of new agricultural practices and evaluation of genetic material from different crops (annual crops, vegetables, fruit trees, and forage). We have six demonstration lots in different locations and we are planning to increase these to 11 and we will publish the results that we are going to get from these lots.

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Kishindo, Paul. "Farmer clubs and smallholder agricultural development in Malawi." Development Southern Africa 5, no. 2 (1988): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358808439397.

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Vértes, Petra E., Aaron Alexander-Bloch, and Edward T. Bullmore. "Generative models of rich clubs in Hebbian neuronal networks and large-scale human brain networks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1653 (2014): 20130531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0531.

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Rich clubs arise when nodes that are ‘rich’ in connections also form an elite, densely connected ‘club’. In brain networks, rich clubs incur high physical connection costs but also appear to be especially valuable to brain function. However, little is known about the selection pressures that drive their formation. Here, we take two complementary approaches to this question: firstly we show, using generative modelling, that the emergence of rich clubs in large-scale human brain networks can be driven by an economic trade-off between connection costs and a second, competing topological term. Secondly we show, using simulated neural networks, that Hebbian learning rules also drive the emergence of rich clubs at the microscopic level, and that the prominence of these features increases with learning time. These results suggest that Hebbian learning may provide a neuronal mechanism for the selection of complex features such as rich clubs. The neural networks that we investigate are explicitly Hebbian, and we argue that the topological term in our model of large-scale brain connectivity may represent an analogous connection rule. This putative link between learning and rich clubs is also consistent with predictions that integrative aspects of brain network organization are especially important for adaptive behaviour.

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Mukembo, Stephen C., José M. Uscanga, M. Craig Edwards, and Nicholas R. Brown. "Increasing Female Enrollment for Agricultural Programs of Study in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Motivates Women to Pursue Careers in Agriculture?" Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 24, no. 1 (2017): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2017.24104.

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Women in developing countries, especially in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), play a critical role in ensuring food security and sovereignty for their families and nations. Unfortunately, in spite of this, their significance in the agricultural sector is seldom fully appreciated. Further, very few women in SSA are professionally trained agriculturists (Beintema & Di Marcantonio, 2009; Kanté, Edwards, & Blackwell, 2013), which has likely contributed to their low productivity per hectare in the agricultural sector compared to their male counterparts (O'Sullivan, Rao, Banerjee, Gulati, & Vinez, 2014). This study investigated the experiences of young, aspiring female agriculturists from Uganda who were members of Young Farmers’ Clubs (YFC) at high school to understand better how their club experiences may have impacted their career choices. Findings indicate the participants’ YFC activities, especially supervised agripreneurship projects (SAPs) and field trips, had transformative impacts on their choosing to study agriculture. However, gender stereotypes associated with females pursuing agricultural careers were still prevalent and discouraged them from becoming professional agriculturists. More research should be conducted about the impact of subjective norms (Ajzen, 1991) on females preparing to pursue careers in agriculture.

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Pääkkönen, Jenni. "Are there industrial and agricultural convergence clubs in China?" Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2012.638458.

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Siqueira, Maryluze Souza Santos, and Raylane Andreza Dias Navarro Barreto. "As recomendações da UNESCO e a educação rural em Sergipe (1940-1960)." Cadernos de Pesquisa 27, no. 1 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v27n1p41-69.

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O presente artigo traz a análise do papel da UNESCO frente ao processo de modernização da educação no Brasil e a interpretação de como suas recomendações nortearam as mudanças na política educativa para o meio rural em Sergipe nas décadas de 1940 e 1960. Para tanto foram utilizadas como fontes as “Recommandations 1934-1977”, documento da UNESCO publicado em 1979, os “Relatórios Manuscritos do Curso de Agricultura (1948)” do professor José Ribeiro Filho, os “Boletins de Inscrição de Clubes Agrícolas das escolas rurais de Sergipe (1949)” e “Relação de escolas rurais e da capital com Clubes Agrícolas em Funcionamento em Sergipe nos anos de 1948 a 1950”. Em termos de resultado o que fi cou evidenciado foi a supremacia norte-americana, sobretudo no que se refere às politicas de promoção do campo, e, com relação a educação não se pode negar a formação aligeirada dos professores e a pouca efi cácia desta formação.Palavras-chave: Brasil. Formação de professores rurais. Política educativa. Sergipe. Unesco.UNESCO recommendations and the Sergipe rural education (1940-1960)AbstractThis article brings the analysis of UNESCO function in front of Brazilian education modernization process. Furthermore, the interpretation of how its recommendations had guided the educative politics changes for Sergipe’s countryside in the decades of 1940-1960. For this purpose had been in such a way used as sources the “Recommendations (1934-1977)”, a UNESCO document published in 1979; the professor Jose Ribeiro Filho “Course of Agriculture Manuscript Reports (1948)”; the “Application Forms of Sergipe’s Rural Schools Agricultural Clubs (1949)” and the “Rural Schools with active Agricultural Clubs in Sergipe during the years of 1948-1950”. In result terms it was evidenced the North American supremacy, especially concerning to the countryside promotion politics. Regarding to education it cannot deny the hasty professors’ qualifi cation and its low eff ectiveness.Keywords: Brazil. Educational policy. Rural teachers training. Sergipe. Unesco.Las recomendaciones de la UNESCO y la educación rural en Sergipe (1940-1960)ResumenEl presente artículo lleva a cabo un análisis del papel de la UNESCO frente al proceso de modernización de la educación en Brasil y una interpretación de cómo sus recomendaciones guiaron los cambios en la política educativa para el medio rural en Sergipe en las décadas de 1940 a 1960. Al respecto, las fuentes utilizadas fueron las “Recommandations 1934-1977”, documento de la UNESCO publicado en 1979; los “Relatórios Manuscritos do Curso de Agricultura” (1948), del profesor José Ribeiro Filho; los “Boletins de Inscrição de Clubes Agrícolas das escolas rurais de Sergipe” (1949) y la “Relação de escolas rurais e da capital com Clubes Agrícolas em Funcionamento em Sergipe nos anos de 1948 a 1950”. Lo que el resultado puso en evidencia fue la supremacía norteamericana, sobre todo en lo concerniente a las políticas de promoción del campo; y, respecto de la educación, no es posible negar la superficial formación de los profesores y la escasa eficacia de la misma.Palabras clave: Brasil. Formación de docentes rurales. Política educativa. Sergipe. Unesco.

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Uricchio, Cassandra, Gary Moore, and Michael Coley. "Corn Clubs: Building the Foundation for Agricultural and Extension Education." Journal of Agricultural Education 54, no. 3 (2013): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2013.03224.

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MacAulay, T. Gordon. "GAMES, CLUBS AND MODELS: THE ECONOMICS OF AN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOCIETY*." Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 39, no. 1 (1995): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1995.tb00541.x.

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Bezdicek, David F., and Colette DePhelps. "Innovative approaches for integrated research and educational programs." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 9, no. 1-2 (1994): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005476.

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AbstractOver the past half century, American agricultural productivity has increased while the number of full time farmers and rural populations have decreased. Although most people believe we have a safe, nutritious, and affordable food supply, the high level of productivity has had negative impacts on the environment and rural communities and has increased farmers' dependence on purchased inputs. As Americans become more concerned about food safety and the environment, a new paradigm for American agriculture is emerging. This new alternative agriculture takes an ecological approach to food production. The challenge facing the land-grant university system is how to answer questions about sustainable agricultural systems, maintain productivity and respond to the needs and concerns of their broadened clientele. Whole farm case studies, focus groups, farm improvement clubs, on-farm research, field-size research trials, and whole farm comparisons are new qualitative and quantitative methods for interdisciplinary research and education. These methods integrate biological and social strategies and bring community members into the research and education process. When these groups work together, questions critical to maintaining the long-term sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems can be answered.

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Hoving, Hendrik J. T., Louis D. Zeidberg, Mark C. Benfield, Stephanie L. Bush, Bruce H. Robison, and Michael Vecchione. "First in situ observations of the deep-sea squid Grimalditeuthis bonplandi reveal unique use of tentacles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1769 (2013): 20131463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1463.

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The deep-sea squid Grimalditeuthis bonplandi has tentacles unique among known squids. The elastic stalk is extremely thin and fragile, whereas the clubs bear no suckers, hooks or photophores. It is unknown whether and how these tentacles are used in prey capture and handling. We present, to our knowledge, the first in situ observations of this species obtained by remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in the Atlantic and North Pacific. Unexpectedly, G. bonplandi is unable to rapidly extend and retract the tentacle stalk as do other squids, but instead manoeuvres the tentacles by undulation and flapping of the clubs’ trabecular protective membranes. These tentacle club movements superficially resemble the movements of small marine organisms and suggest the possibility that G. bonplandi uses aggressive mimicry by the tentacle clubs to lure prey, which we find to consist of crustaceans and cephalopods. In the darkness of the meso- and bathypelagic zones the flapping and undulatory movements of the tentacle may: (i) stimulate bioluminescence in the surrounding water, (ii) create low-frequency vibrations and/or (iii) produce a hydrodynamic wake. Potential prey of G. bonplandi may be attracted to one or more of these as signals. This singular use of the tentacle adds to the diverse foraging and feeding strategies known in deep-sea cephalopods.

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Kryszak, Łukasz. "INCOME CONVERGENCE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 3 (2020): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3625.

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Agricultural income support is to remain one of the main objectives of the European Union (EU)’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020. Subsidies contribute to increases in income, but the occurrence of income convergence between member states remains questionable. The aim of this article was to assess the phenomenon of convergence of agricultural income (labour factor remuneration) against a background of income in the broader economy. Eurostat data for the years 2001-2019 were used. Convergences were searched for using basic methods (beta and sigma convergence tests), as well as a stochastic framework (Pesaran unit root test) and the robust Phillips and Sul convergence test for comparison. These analyses indicate that there is convergence in the EU’s agricultural sector, specifically in terms of labour compensation, but also that this convergence is merely relative. This means that while countries’ income growth rates converge, their real income levels do not move to the same level. This conclusion may be an argument for the need to further equalise direct payment rates. The Phillips and Sul test results indicate that incomes in the overall economy are characterised by divergence, but it is possible to identify four convergence clubs.

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Castillo Valero, Juan Sebastián, and Mª Carmen Cuerva Narro. "Análisis de la convergencia en productividad agraria en las regiones europeas." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 5, no. 10 (2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2005.10.05.

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In this paper, we intend to analyze the regional convergence of the agricultural sector in Europe. More specifically, we want to show the relevance of the agricultural sector in explaining territorial inequalities within the European Union. For that purpose, we will analyze the evolution of inequality and convergence in European agriculture by using data on Gross Value Added per employee in the period spanning from 1985 to 1997. Empirical results provide evidence of the existence of absolute convergence among regional agricultural sectors. However, we have found empirical evidence of the existence of several stationary states due to the specific peculiarities of each economy. This result can be interpreted in terms of the existence of convergence clubs and center-periphery models. Moreover, we show that the CAP is a relevant variable in explaining convergence through the protection of Mediterranean and Continental products. We have found that physical capital and infrastructure, as well as accumulation of capital, are the primary sources of convergence. This result is compatible with a neoclassical model in which convergence is due to decreasing returns of physical capital, whilst also showing the importance of the territorial dimension of public investment.

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Trace, Ciaran B. "Information in Everyday Life: Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Clubs as Sponsors of Literacy, 1900–1920." Information & Culture 49, no. 3 (2014): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/ic49301.

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Gow, Hamish R., Aleksan Shanoyan, Lilya Abrahamyan, and Mariana Alesksandryan. "Agricultural production credit clubs in Armenia: facilitating investment through market linkages, social capital, and microcredit." Agricultural Finance Review 66, no. 2 (2006): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00214660680001194.

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Trace, Ciaran B. "Information in Everyday Life: Boys’ and Girls’ Agricultural Clubs as Sponsors of Literacy, 1900–1920." Information & Culture: A Journal of History 49, no. 3 (2014): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lac.2014.0016.

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Nordhauser, Jennifer, and Jason Rosenfeld. "Adapting a water, sanitation, and hygiene picture-based curriculum in the Dominican Republic." Global Health Promotion 27, no. 3 (2019): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975919848111.

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Water, sanitation, and hygiene issues present barriers to health in rural Dominican Republic. Limited access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene accompanies a prevalence of water, sanitation, and hygiene-related diseases. To address these issues, an education and behavior change program using community health clubs has been adapted for areas at greatest risk of water, sanitation, and hygiene disease transmission. To support this initiative, a protocol was created to evaluate 147 images from a community health clubs toolkit for Dominican agricultural communities, or bateyes, to determine image comprehension and cultural appropriateness, as well as the demographic variables associated with visual literacy. A total of 112 interviews were completed across seven bateyes located near the city of La Romana; 60 images were determined to require additional adaptation. Further analyses demonstrated that age and education were significantly associated with greater visual literacy. These results reinforce that educational visual aids require testing for cultural appropriateness and that future work should be conducted to investigate factors that contribute to visual literacy.

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Vollmer, Sebastian, Hajo Holzmann, Florian Ketterer, Stephan Klasen, and David Canning. "The Emergence of Three Human Development Clubs." PLoS ONE 8, no. 3 (2013): e57624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057624.

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Swanepoel, V., and M. A. G. Darroch. "Characteristics of agricultural input package users in communal clubs serviced by Acat in KwaZulu: A note." Development Southern Africa 8, no. 2 (1991): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359108439584.

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López-Mendoza, Héctor, Antonio Montañés, and F. Javier Moliner-Lahoz. "Disparities in the Evolution of the COVID-19 Pandemic between Spanish Provinces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (2021): 5085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105085.

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Spain experienced a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in autumn 2020, which has been approached with different measures by regional authorities. We analyze the presence of convergence in the cumulative incidence for 14 days (CI14) in provinces and self-governing cities. The Phillips–Sul methodology was used to study the grouping of behavior between provinces, and an ordered logit model was estimated to understand the forces that drive creating the different convergence clubs. We reject the presence of a single pattern of behavior in the evolution of the CI14 across territories. Four statistically different convergence clubs and an additional province (Madrid) with divergent behavior are observed. Provinces with developed agricultural and industrial economic sectors, high mobility, and a high proportion of Central and South American immigrants had the highest level of CI14. We show that the transmission of the virus is not homogeneous in the Spanish national territory. Our results are helpful for identifying differences in determinants that could explain the pandemic’s evolution and for formulating hypotheses about the effectiveness of implemented measures.

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MOORE-COLYER, R. J. "The Call to the Land: British and European Adult Voluntary Farm Labour; 1939–49." Rural History 17, no. 1 (2006): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793305001615.

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As the armed forces continued to siphon away labour from the land following the outbreak of the war, the Ministry of Agriculture's County War Agricultural Executive Committees were hard put to meet the demand for labour to sustain the plough-up campaign. While schoolchildren made a major contribution, there were few prisoners-of-war before the North African campaign and volunteers from all walks of life were sought to attend harvest camps, weekend farm clubs and other land-based activities. At the end of the war the Ministry of Agriculture turned to mainland Europe for volunteers to work towards the solution of the British and pan-European food shortages. They were supplemented by members of the Polish Resettlement Corps, German prisoners who had opted to defer repatriation and volunteers from the British zones of Austria and Germany. The article raises the issue of how far the enterprise promoted international understanding as was assumed at the time or, indeed, whether the home volunteer experience narrowed the so-called rural-urban divide as opposed to reinforcing entrenched prejudices.

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Suh, Jungho. "Buddhist-Led Rural Community Rebuilding in the Republic of Korea from the Indra’s Net Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169328.

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This paper zeros in on Buddhist-led community rebuilding with a special reference to Sannae District in Namwon, Jeonbuk Province in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Until the 1990s, the district witnessed the traditional sense of community rapidly disappearing along with tidal rural-urban migration and agricultural industrialisation. Since the late 1990s, Silsang-sa, an about 1200-year-old Buddhist monastery located in the rural district, has strived to help revitalise the rural community. Reverend Tobŏp, the head monk of the monastery, brought attention to the overarching Buddhist doctrines of ‘dependent arising’ and ‘Indra’s Net’ that every phenomenon arises only in relation to others. To start with, in 1998 Reverend Tobŏp set up an organic agriculture training camp on Silsang-sa Farm for prospective rural migrants. In 2001, he established Silsang-sa Small School, which is an alternative secondary school with Buddhist ecology and economics included in the curriculum. Owing to increasing in-migration, Sannae District has gradually evolved into a socially and economically vibrant and sustainable community in which a variety of social clubs and commercial cooperatives have burgeoned.

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Song, Baojun, Melissa Castillo-Garsow, Karen R. Ríos-Soto, Marcin Mejran, Leilani Henso, and Carlos Castillo-Chavez. "Raves, clubs and ecstasy: the impact of peer pressure." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 3, no. 1 (2006): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2006.3.249.

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Abe, Takafumi, Kenta Okuyama, Masamitsu Kamada, et al. "Social participation and physical prefrailty in older Japanese adults: The Shimane CoHRE study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243548.

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As older adults in an early stage (prefrailty) of frailty may return to a healthy state, it is necessary to examine the prevention of prefrailty. In this context, the number and types of social participation activities associated with physical prefrailty in community-dwelling older adults have remained relatively unexplored. This cross-sectional study investigates this issue by analyzing 616 participants living in Okinoshima, Shimane, a rural area of Japan, in 2019. Frailty was assessed using the 5-item frailty phenotype (unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, and low physical activity). Data on social participation were obtained using a questionnaire based on participants’ level of involvement with volunteer groups, sports clubs/groups, neighborhood associations, religious organizations/groups, and community elderly salons; their answers were categorized as “yes” if they answered “several times per year or more” and “no” if they answered “never.” Binominal logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of prefrailty by the number or types of social participation activities, adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, smoking, medication-taking, educational attainment, working status, and living arrangement. Of the 616 participants, 273 (44.3%) and 28 (4.5%) had prefrailty and frailty, respectively. The analysis showed that the number of social participation activities was significantly associated with lower odds of prefrailty (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.94). Regarding the types of social participation, sports clubs/groups were associated with lower odds of prefrailty (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31–0.73). Participation in neighborhood associations was associated with prefrailty/frailty (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37–0.86). These results suggest that increasing the number of social participation activities or involvement in sports clubs/groups and neighborhood associations may be important to prevent physical prefrailty in the older population.

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Asante-Addo, Collins, Jonathan Mockshell, Manfred Zeller, Khalid Siddig, and Irene S. Egyir. "Agricultural credit provision: what really determines farmers’ participation and credit rationing?" Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 2 (2017): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-02-2016-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze determinants of farmers’ participation and credit rationing in microcredit programs using survey data from Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the Garrett Ranking Technique to analyze farmers’ reasons for participation or non-participation in credit programs, a probit regression model to estimate factors influencing farm households’ participation, and the Heckman’s sample selection model to identify factors influencing farm households’ probability of being credit rationed by microcredit programs. Findings The results reveal that farm households participate in credit programs because of improved access to savings services and agricultural loans. Fear of loan default and lack of savings are reasons for non-participation in credit programs. Furthermore, membership in farmer-based organizations (FBOs) and the household head’s formal education are positively associated with farmers’ participation in credit programs. The likelihood of farmers being credit rationed (i.e. their loan applications were either rejected or the amount of credit they applied for was reduced) is less likely among higher income farmers and members of FBOs such as farmer cooperatives and savings clubs. Practical implications The findings suggest that policy strategies aiming to improve access to savings and credit services should educate farmers and strengthen FBOs that could serve as entry points for financial service providers. Such market smart strategies have the potential to improve farmers’ access to financial services and reduce rural poverty. Originality/value Although existing studies have examined farmers’ participation in credit markets and credit rationing separately, the unique contribution of this paper is the analysis of participation in microcredit programs as well as the likelihood of farmers being credit rationed in Ghana.

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Bhaskara, Srikanta, and Kamaljit S. Bawa. "Societal Digital Platforms for Sustainability: Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 5048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095048.

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During the last several decades, international and national agricultural research infrastructures have rapidly expanded, bringing the outputs of agricultural research to the world’s farmers. However, despite huge investments in agricultural research, there have been few systematic efforts to create digital platforms to meet the information requirements of farmers in a changing world. We describe an interactive information system in real time to provide agricultural information to farmers. The goals were to increase yields, reduce or optimize farm inputs, inform farmers about markets and government policies, and enable digital literacy among farmers, which (in the long run) would enhance rural incomes. Farmer clubs were created at the village level to increase engagement in the program and to access information. A call-in help center enabled farmers to get information in real time. In addition, a digital platform named eKisaan delivered relevant and contextual information in the local language, mostly in the video format via mobile and cloud technologies. The platform provided information about crop management and a variety of other parameters. The combined incremental savings and incremental earnings resulted in an estimated increase of 15% in income after 18 months, totaling INR₹26,250,000 (US$365,000), followed by an additional increase of 7% in the third year. The approximate cost of the information technology program and help center was INR₹15,000,000 (US$208,000). Over time, costs can decrease by spreading fixed costs over several years, with benefits reaching more farmers. Thus, the digital systems focused on information alone can be cost-effective, reduce inputs, increase productivity and income, and foster sustainability.

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Wójcik, Zbigniew. "Equestrian recreation in the educational institutions of the former Olsztyn Voivodeship (1945–1989)." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 300, no. 2 (2018): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134889.

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Equestrian movement in Olsztyn Voivodeship, in times of the People’s Republic of Poland, developed quite dynamically. The coauthors of the equestrian recreation were initially chiefs of breeding centers who relatively quickly led to the creation of workplace clubs. Therefore, the capital of the region for many years was seen in the national scene as a promoter of qualified horsemanship. There was not paid a particular attention to the organiza�tion of facilities, though in Warmia and Mazury a well-devoloped network of agricultural schools was functioning with the necessary infrastructure for this purpose. The first “horse-riding school” was established in 1973. In the seventies of the last century in the educational institutions of the region, they were able to form only three other ones. The research results show clearly that the existing database in the training and educational process was used to a negligible extent.

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Spengler, Sarah, Arvid Kuritz, Matthias Rabel, and Filip Mess. "Are primary school children attending full-day school still engaged in sports clubs?" PLOS ONE 14, no. 11 (2019): e0225220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225220.

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Van Leeuwen, J. L., and W. M. Kier. "Functional design of tentacles in squid: linking sarcomere ultrastructure to gross morphological dynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1353 (1997): 551–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0038.

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This paper offers a quantitative analysis of tentacle extension in squid that integrates several levels of structural organization. The muscular stalks of the two tentacles of squid are rapidly elongated by 70 per cent of resting length during prey capture. A typical duration of the extension is 30 ms in Loligo pealei (with a contracted tentacle length of 93 mm and a strike distance of about 37 mm). In a successful strike, the terminal clubs hit the prey and attach to it via arrays of suckers. A forward dynamics model is proposed for the extension of the tentacular stalk and the forward motion of the terminal club. The stalk is modelled as a longitudinal array of thin muscular discs with extensor muscle fibres oriented parallel to the disc planes. As a disc contracts radially, it lengthens because its volume is constant. The equations of motion for the linked system of discs were formulated and solved numerically. The inputs of the model are the dimensions of the tentacle, passive and active muscle properties such as Hill's force–velocity relationship, myofilament lengths and activation of the muscle fibres. The model predicts the changing geometry of the tentacle, the pressure and stress distribution inside the tentacle and the velocity and kinetic energy distribution of the stalk and club. These predictions are in agreement with kinematic observations from high–speed films of prey capture. The model demonstrates also that the unusually short myosin filaments (reported range 0.5–0.9 micrometre) that characterize the extensor muscles are necessary for the observed extension performance. Myosin filament lengths typical for vertebrate sarcomeres (1.58 micrometre) would lead to a significant reduction in performance. In addition, the model predicts that, to maximize peak velocity of the terminal club, the myosin filaments should be longer at the base and shorter at the tip of the stalk (0.97 micrometre at the base and 0.50 micrometre at the tip for the tentacle size above). This results from differences in dynamic loading along the stalk. Finally, the model allows exploration of the effects of changes in the dimensions and mass of the tentacle and intrinsic speed of the myofilaments on the optimum myosin filament lengths.

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Akram, Vaseem, Pradipta Kumar Sahoo, and Badri Narayan Rath. "A sector-level analysis of output club convergence in case of a global economy." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 4 (2020): 747–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2019-0103.

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PurposeThis paper investigates the per-capita output club convergence in case of 120 countries for the period 1995–2015. Further, we disaggregate per-capita output into three broad sectors such as agriculture, industry, and service and investigate the convergence hypothesis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper tests this hypothesis using the Phillips and Sul panel club convergence technique.FindingsOur findings are as follows: (1) our results indicate the evidence of output divergence for the full sample; (2) when countries are divided into different clubs, the results exhibit the sign of per capita output club convergence both for aggregate and three major sectors. Further, this study confirms that industry's per capita output is the main driver for aggregate per-capita output club convergence in case of club 1. For club 2, agriculture's per capita output is a primary source for aggregate per capita output club convergence. Likewise, in the case of clubs 3 and 4, we find the service sector's per capita output is the main component for aggregate per-capita output club convergence; (3) both the service and industry sectors are major drivers for aggregate per-capita output club convergence.Practical implicationsThis study suggests to the policymaker that sector-specific policies need to be adopted to boost the per-capita output growth by improving the performance of each of the sectors across the countries.Originality/valueNotwithstanding, there are many studies that examine the output convergence using a notion of beta and sigma convergence, but studies regarding per capita output club convergence both at the aggregate and sectoral level are scanty.

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Alaminos, David, and Manuel Ángel Fernández. "Why do football clubs fail financially? A financial distress prediction model for European professional football industry." PLOS ONE 14, no. 12 (2019): e0225989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225989.

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Venables, Emilie, Catriona Towriss, Zanele Rini, et al. "Patient experiences of ART adherence clubs in Khayelitsha and Gugulethu, Cape Town, South Africa: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6 (2019): e0218340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218340.

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Bhatta, Ghanshyam K., Josue Orellana, Bidya Mahat, Ishwar Nath Mishra, Chandeshwari Tamrakar, and Sujit Kumar Sah. "The Increasing access to family planning services through a non-health sector: Technical Integration Coverage and Access (TICA) in Nepal." Christian Journal for Global Health 4, no. 2 (2017): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v4i2.170.

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Background: Family Planning (FP) is a key developmental focus for the government of Nepal. Use of modern contraceptives has stagnated at 43.2% since 2011. Unmet need for family planning (FP) in Nepal remains high at 27%. A factor contributing to this levelling of contraceptive use despite relatively high unmet need is the limited range of methods available to most clients at most sites. To address the FP need among married women of reproductive age (WRA), we tested integration of FP into agricultural programs. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a FP program integrated into an agriculture (e.g. non-health) sector program. Methods: A cross-sectional interventional study conducted November 2015 to February 2016 among 525 WRA who were participants in an agriculture program. Results: The contraceptives commonly used by women in the study location were Depo Provera and Minilap. After Technical Integration Coverage and Access (TICA) interventions, almost all of the respondents (99.6%) had heard about FP of which 67.8% correctly understood FP as a method to prevent unwanted pregnancy. About 50% of the respondents were found currently using FP. The percentage of WRA aware of long-acting and permanent FP methods increased from 49.0% to 62.0% and 39.0% to 52.0% respectively. Decisions on using a FP method were predominantly made by the husband (68.0%). However, 68.4% women reported that they were motivated by their husband. The proportion of men willing to use FP increased from 5.2% to 15.5% after TICA activities implementation. The main reason identified for not currently using FP devices was that the husband and wife were not living together (88.8%). Most of the women (98.0%) reported that FP utilization improved their quality of life. Conclusion: TICA activities were very successful in both increasing FP knowledge level as well as utilization of FP services among the targeted beneficiaries. The use of FP increased among agriculture program beneficiaries after the integration of TICA activities with a gradual shift from short-acting FP methods to long-acting and permanent FP methods. For easy integration, FP projects should also utilize existing community structures such as cooperatives, women’s groups, men’s groups, and youth clubs.

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Shukhanov, S. N., and A. S. Dorzhiev. "Modernization of the apparatus for grinding root crops." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 2 (2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-2-68-72.

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The sustainable functioning of the agro-industrial complex largely determines its scientific and technical support. One of the key directions of the development of agricultural science is the mech-anization of animal husbandry processes. When solving a complex of problems, great attention is paid to the preparation of feed, namely the grinding of root-club crops. This makes it possible to significantly increase the return of each feed unit. As a result of a wide review of literary sources and a thorough analysis of modern designs of root-club grinders, it became possible to solve the technical problem of its modernization by creating a simple as well as reliable design. The peculiarity of the modernization consists in the fact that the electric motor is mounted on the cover of the housing with the help of a flange, which is its component element, besides, the axis of rotation of the shaft structure is aligned with the axis of rotation of the disk structure. Loading hopper is also installed on cover. For this purpose, the cover has a hole for the driving shaft of the electric motor, as well as a window for passage of root clubs from the cavity of the receiving hopper to the space of the housing. Disk is rigidly mounted on free edge of shaft structure. Body is fixed on base by means of uprights vertically and with formation of free space under its bottom and base for installation of unloading neck, as well as reservoir for treated root crops. The discharge neck is structurally made in the form of a funnel with the formation of a conical component at the top and a cylindrical com-ponent at the bottom. In addition, the axis of symmetry of the funnel is aligned with the axis of rotation of the shaft. Its conical component is attached to the outer surface of the bottom structure, and the cylindrical component of the funnel is oriented to the container for the treated material. Concentric holes are made in bottom for passage of processed root crops from cavity of body into structure of discharge neck. The principle of energy saving is carried out by supplying treated fodder to the discharge neck device and further to the receiving vessel mainly due to gravity of the treated fodder.

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Tilman, Andrew R., Simon Levin, and James R. Watson. "Revenue-sharing clubs provide economic insurance and incentives for sustainability in common-pool resource systems." Journal of Theoretical Biology 454 (October 2018): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.06.003.

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Wilke, Jan, Daniel Niederer, Lutz Vogt, and Winfried Banzer. "Is the message getting through? Awareness and use of the 11+ injury prevention programme in amateur level football clubs." PLOS ONE 13, no. 4 (2018): e0195998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195998.

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Jangam, Bhushan Praveen, Pradipta Kumar Sahoo, and Vaseem Akram. "Convergence in electricity consumption across Indian states: a disaggregated analysis." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 3 (2019): 624–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-03-2019-0009.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether the electricity consumption patterns across Indian states do converge. Design/methodology/approach This study considers 18 Indian states spanning over the period 1970-1971 and 2014-2015, using the recently developed Phillips and Sul panel convergence technique that accounts the multiple steady states. Findings The results provide the following insights. First, the authors find evidence of convergence in electricity consumption among all Indian states. This suggests that electricity consumption patterns for Indian states are converging to a common steady state. Second, to provide broader insights, we further investigate the convergence in electricity consumption among user groups such as agriculture, industry, commercial, domestic and miscellaneous. The results reveal that commercial, domestic and miscellaneous groups are also converging. Third, the non-convergence patterns in agriculture and industry enable us to investigate the possibility of clubs or the multiple common steady states. The results indicate the occurrence of three clubs in case of agriculture and two clubs in case of the industry. Fourth, this study also inspects the relative speed of convergence among the user groups. The results reveal the higher speed of convergence in case of the domestic user group. Practical implications The findings enable policymakers to formulate an appropriate energy policy to accommodate the future electricity demand across Indian states and prioritize low electricity consumption states so that they receive a greater share. Originality/value This is the first study that examines the convergence in electricity consumption across Indian states at aggregate and user groups using a new panel club convergence technique.

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Blanco, R. Ernesto, Washington W. Jones, and Andrés Rinderknecht. "The sweet spot of a biological hammer: the centre of percussion of glyptodont (Mammalia: Xenarthra) tail clubs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1675 (2009): 3971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1144.

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Omede, Jacob. "Ethnic And Political Conflicts In The Eastern Senatorial District Of Kogi State, Nigeria: Some Suggested Therapeutic Measures." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 3 (2020): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.73.7813.

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This paper titled “Ethnic and political conflicts in the Eastern Senatorial Districts of Kogi State, Nigeria: Some suggested therapeutic measures” was an attempt to bring a relatively lasting solution to the incessant ethnic and political crises in the said senatorial district of the state. In an attempt to do this, the paper examined at the background the characteristics or nature of the Igala, Bassa and Ebira people who are the nationalities that are the original inhabitants of the land by pointing out how they lived harmoniously in the past. The paper in a further attempt to examine the causes of conflicts in this district had to do this in relation to Carl Max theory of conflict reviewed by Chappelow. The possible causes of ethnic and political conflicts in this area that the paper identified and discussed included land dispute, poverty and unemployment, loss of morality, desire to test and manifest “black power” as well as godlessness and bad politicking. The consequences of these which included the destruction of lives and properties, love lost, vendetta, vacation of ancestral homes as well as decline in commercial and agricultural activities were pointed out and also discussed. The paper concluded by recommending proper boundary delineation, more frequent political and moral education, formation of peace clubs as well as depoliticizing community policing and godly living as possible panaceas.

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Spaaij, Ramón, Dean Lusher, Ruth Jeanes, Karen Farquharson, Sean Gorman, and Jonathan Magee. "Participation-performance tension and gender affect recreational sports clubs’ engagement with children and young people with diverse backgrounds and abilities." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4 (2019): e0214537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214537.

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Aide, Michael T., and William E. Ellis. "Agriculture Clubs: Extending Mutual Interests." Journal of Agronomic Education 20, no. 1 (1991): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jae1991.0037.

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Ящук, Інна. "THE WAYS OF RENOVATING THE ETHNIC HISTORY OF THE MODERN STATE: THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PROSKURIV POLISH PEDAGOGICAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL." Інноватика у вихованні 1, no. 12 (2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35619/iiu.v1i12.325.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of formation and functioning of the Proskuriv Ukrainian Pedagogical Technical School, which was organized in 1921 of the 20th century. Its activity is presented through the prism of regulations, reports, letters, orders of various management levels. Particular attention is paid to the motivation of students in obtaining professional education related to the study of the Ukrainian, Polish, Russian languages; natural sciences - Mathematics and Physics. Teachers of the technical school organized lectures, consultations, individual educational work, control events in schools where students worked, to ensure their effective professional activity and their scientific and general development.The peculiarities of the organization of extracurricular work related to the functioning of amateur art groups and clubs (drama, singing), physical culture, the work of agricultural teams for growing vegetables and fruits are revealed. The objective analysis of this experience gives us the opportunity to assess the current state of national education, to establish the dependence of pedagogical phenomena on certain socio-political and socio-cultural conditions, which is an important source for developing a strategy for a modern system of education and upbringing, a necessary basis for scientific and pedagogical knowledge, on the basis of which new educational concepts are developed. In this context, there is a need to recreate the objective ethnic history of education in regions of Ukraine as well as in the whole country.

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Hughes, Harrison, Elizabeth Mogen, Steven Newman, James Klett, and Anthony Koski. "(150) Outcome Assessment of Resident Instruction: The Colorado State University Experience." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1045C—1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1045c.

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An assessment plan for the Horticulture and Landscape Horticulture majors has been developed as part of a university-wide effort to assess resident instruction. The program mission has been described as the preparation of graduates with a passion for Horticulture/Landscape Horticulture who can contribute to Colorado's agricultural and green industry economy through high levels of: 1) technical competency and skills, including disciplinary competence, and a working knowledge in the appropriate field; 2) management and leadership skills; and 3) problem-solving skills. Assessment methods involved the development of evaluation forms for internships, practicum, independent study, group study, and the capstone courses. Student, faculty, clients, and industry personnel used standardized forms, which varied somewhat for the two majors and seven concentrations, to critically assess and score student and faculty efforts. Internships, practicum, and capstone courses were evaluated for program purpose. The management and leadership skills of the students were evaluated based on their performance during internships by cooperators and also by their activities, as demonstrated through their involvement in university, college, departmental, and community activities. Problem-solving skills were evaluated primarily through student performance in capstone courses, with specific criteria in the internship and in leadership activities of clubs. The expectation is that 70% to 75% of the students will score 3 or 3+ on all criteria established for a rating system of 1–5. Students have generally met this standard and plans are under way to continually upgrade courses and related activities to improve the teaching program

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Nyahunda, Louis, and Happy Mathew Tirivangasi. "Harnessing of Social Capital as a Determinant for Climate Change Adaptation in Mazungunye Communal Lands in Bikita, Zimbabwe." Scientifica 2021 (April 19, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8416410.

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The livelihoods of rural people have been plagued by the precarious impacts of climate change–related disasters manifesting through floods, heat waves, droughts, cyclones, and erratic temperatures. However, they have not remained passive victims to these impacts. In light of this, rural people are on record of employing a plethora of adaptation strategies to cushion their livelihoods from climate change impacts. In this vew, the role of social capital as a determinant of climate change adaptation is underexplored. Little attention has been paid to how social capital fostered through trust and cooperation amongst rural households and communities is essential for climate change adaptation. This study explored how people in Mazungunye communal lands are embracing social capital to adapt to climate change impacts. The researchers adopted a qualitative research approach guided by the descriptive research design. The population of the study was gathered through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Accordingly, the population sample consisted of 25 research participants drawn from members of the community following the simple random and purposive sampling techniques. In-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Data were analysed through the Thematic Content Analysis. This study established that different forms of social capital are being embraced by the community members to withstand the effects of climate change. These include village savings clubs (fushai), chief’s granary (Zunde raMambo), collective field work (nhimbe), and destocking of livestock (kuronzera) strategies. These strategies illustrate community reliance on indigenous knowledge adaptation strategies as a community response to impacts of climate change on their livelihoods.

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Deelen, Ineke, Dick Ettema, and Carlijn B. M. Kamphuis. "Sports participation in sport clubs, gyms or public spaces: How users of different sports settings differ in their motivations, goals, and sports frequency." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10 (2018): e0205198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205198.

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Alexiadis, Stilianos, Nikolaos Hasanagas, and Christos Ap Ladias. "Regional ‘Clubs’ in Agriculture: Empirical Evidence." Procedia Technology 8 (2013): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.11.069.

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Balich, Natalia. "Socio-Cultural Potential of Rural Regions of Belarus in the Context of Cultural Services Consumption: A Sociological Analysis." Logos et Praxis, no. 2 (September 2019): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.2.7.

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The author considers socio-cultural potential of rural regions in the context of the cultural services consumption by the rural population. The researcher carries out the analysis of social and cultural infrastructure development of the village, gives numerical indicators of the activities of concert organizations, libraries, club institutions and formations, paid services in dynamics for 2010–2016. The paper reveals the degree of satisfaction of various social and age groups of the rural population with the quality of educational and cultural services at the place of residence, the availability of opportunities to visit cultural and leisure activities and cultural institutions. The given survey is based on the data of empirical research conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in 2018. The author compares subjective assessments of their material well-being of groups with different social status with the average income per family member, the minimum subsistence budget in the context of opportunities to pay for educational paid clubs for their children, pre-school institutions. The researcher concludes that the most economically vulnerable group not having sufficient funds to pay for cultural services and activities are peasants, agricultural workers. Self-assessments of the modest financial situation and requests for cultural and leisure services correlate with the low level of income of this social group. The conducted study determines that the socio-cultural potential of rural regions largely depends on the specifics of the socio-cultural infrastructure of the modern village, the totality of social, cultural and economic resources. In contrast to the city, the socio-cultural infrastructure of rural regions is less developed and equipped with material and technical means. The author highlights that in successful realization of socio-cultural potential of different groups of rural population, a major role is played by the services of the population in the field of culture, which should be accessible regardless of social status and place of residence. The researcher underlines that it is necessary to create comfortable living conditions in rural areas, to provide local residents with not only material but also spiritual well-being. Ignoring the existing problems of the development of socio-cultural infrastructure and culture in rural areas will lead to a further outflow of young people and skilled working-age population to the city.

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Venables, Emilie, Jeffrey K. Edwards, Saar Baert, William Etienne, Kelly Khabala, and Helen Bygrave. ""They just come, pick and go." The Acceptability of Integrated Medication Adherence Clubs for HIV and Non Communicable Disease (NCD) Patients in Kibera, Kenya." PLOS ONE 11, no. 10 (2016): e0164634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164634.

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Syarifudin, Deden, and Riza Fathoni Ishak. "The Importance of Rural Social Productive Space to Increase the Social Capital of Agribusiness Community in Agropolitan Area." Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 8, no. 1 (2020): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.8.1.67-83.

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Agropolitan area is a concept of functional space based on agricultural production, which requires a specific population density as a capital for the productivity of the rural regions with the support of urban utilities and social infrastructure/social space. Weak social capital makes the agropolitan area grow slowly. This is the impact of unplanned productive social space as a vehicle for social capital’s growth implemented in regional plans. However, social interactions occur if the social infrastructure is well articulated in creating spatial productivity, production, and multiphase inheritance for the sustainability of agribusiness activities. This study aims to identify the importance of social productive space in the form of social infrastructure to increase the social capital in agropolitan area. The method used is a case study to observe social processes that occur from time to time, supported by in-depth interview. The results indicate a typology of social capital that is not formed instantly, but contains a long history over time due to the repetition of interaction between communities in social spaces that are not technically constructed and unplanned in the agropolitan area spatial planning. This productive space is a place to build social closeness through repetition of interaction, sharing, knowledge transfer, equalization of perceptions involving residents, and collaboration between individuals and groups. The productive space in the form of social infrastructure consists of mosques, sports fields, markets, community meeting rooms (bale), business group rooms, and farmer groups. Therefore, the plan document must consider the functioning of social space and adaptive social space based on IT connections (cafes, sports clubs, open spaces, bale, and mosque grounds) into agropolitan spatial planning.

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Phelps, David, and Dana Kelly. "A call for collaboration: linking local and non-local rangeland communities to build resilience." Rangeland Journal 42, no. 5 (2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20048.

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The people who live in Australia’s rangelands are vital for maintaining natural systems, agricultural production, infrastructure for tourism and many services and products which benefit the nation. However, the number of people living within many rangeland regions is declining, services are being withdrawn and resilience undermined. Social capital is an important concept within the resilience literature. Bonding social capital is based strong ties within relatively homogenous local groups, bridging social capital is based on ties between more diverse local groups and linking social capital is based on ties between local and external groups. Within the rangelands, there are often strong bonding and bridging social capitals based on internal social and formal connections, but gaps in linking social capital due to weak or imbalanced connections with external groups and organisations. There is evidence that all three social capitals are needed for regional resilience, and the gap in linking is thus a key issue. People who live outside the rangelands can help rebuild this resilience by linking their skills, knowledge and expertise with local groups and communities. Many city-based scientists, policy makers, influencers and other professionals work in and have empathy for the rangelands. By connecting meaningfully with local groups such as Landcare, service clubs, philanthropic groups or Indigenous Rangers, they would find many benefits to their own endeavours through improved policies, knowledge and service delivery. Central-western Queensland is provided as an example where many such mutual benefits and networks already exist, offering pathways for linking local residents with external experts. Current platforms offer opportunities for a greater range of external academic institutions and organisations to engage with locals, with everyone standing to gain.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural clubs'

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