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1
Sinaga, Herty Ramayanti. "PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN PADA BKP5K KABUPATEN BOGOR." Jurnal E-Bis (Ekonomi-Bisnis) 2, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v2i2.85.
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One way to improve the quality of agricultural extension resource through education and training is implemented out in a planned and systematic. In other words, the importance of education and training within the organization is to improve the performance of agricultural extension that include the knowledge and skill that support, as well as the building of the attitude of each of the extension as desired by organization. This study aims to analyze the influence of training and education on the performance of agricultural extension workers in the Food Security and Managing Extension Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (BKP5K) Bogor and analyze the indicators that reflect the dominant success of the training and education provided to the agricultural extension. Sampling is based on non-probability sampling technique using purposive sampling method of 79 samples from 99 populations of agricultural extension agricultural extension PNS. These results indicate that 1) the influence of training and education on the performance of agricultural extension, the training negatively affect the performance of agricultural extension and education have positive influence on the performance of agricultural extension; and 2) the dominant indicator of the training variables contained in the first indicator, namely the training suitability of the materials needed with this type of training with the results of 3.28. Dominant indicator of educational variables contained in the second indicator, namely the educational suitability of the current work with the results of 3.28. Dominant indicator of performancel variables contained in the first indicator, namely understand the program with the results of 3.23.
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Suleyman Abdureman Omer and Nuradin Abdi Hassen. "A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the Ethiopia Country." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.710.
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Agricultural extension service began work in Ethiopia since 1931, during the establishment of Ambo Agricultural School. But a formal Agricultural extension started since Alemaya Imperial College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (Haramaya) was constructed since 1953.The extension activities of Ethiopia during the last 50 years reveals that a range of extension approaches has been used. The approaches tended differ with each successive political regime. Different extension approaches in different political regimes, during the imperial regime the responsibility for national extension administration to the Ministry of Agriculture, extension service became one of the departments in the Ministry. And during the military regime the land reform proclamation banned the private ownership of rural lands and declared that land would be distributed to the tillers without compensation to former owners. Because of the political instability and major structural changes in the rural areas, including the formation of peasant associations and producers' cooperatives as well as the implementation of the land reform, it was not possible to carry out this plan. There was not much organized and coordinated extension work in the country until the beginning of the 1980. At the current Extension service of Ethiopia in 1991 the T & V extension approach was adopted as a national extension system with major government financing until its replacement by the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System in 1995. The latter was adopted from the SaSakawa Global 2000 (SG 2000) extension strategy. Agricultural extension service in Ethiopia can be given by different mandatory level such as at federal level by ministry of Agriculture, At Regional level Bureau of Agriculture, At Woreda level Agricultural and Natural Resource office, and at Farmer Training center level Development agent and different stockholders have responsibility of giving extension especially agriculture related extension to need holders. In Ethiopia there are different extension approaches model such as Chilalo agricultural development model (CADU), minimum package project I and II, Peasant Agricultural Development program, participatory demonstration and training extension system, farmers field school, Farmers training center and Agricultural technical and Vocational Education training (ATVET) these are the different extension approaches in Ethiopia starting from the begging up to current extension service respectively.
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Calixte, Christelle, Grady Roberts, and J. C. Bunch. "Employment Opportunities for Graduates of Agricultural TVET Schools in Haiti." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 26, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2019.26303.
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The literature suggests that in Haiti, the extension work is primarily conducted by graduates from agricultural TVET schools. However, Haiti is a country with alarming data for food insecurity and severe hunger index. This situation arises questions about the manner in which TVET contributes to the dissemination of best agricultural practices amongst farmers and the role that extension agents play in bringing the scientific discoveries into the rural communities. Moreover, little research has been made about the current situation of Haitian TVET within the agricultural system. This study used basic qualitative methods with a constructivist approach, and backwards design as theoretical framework to explore the employment of TVET graduates within the Haitian agricultural system. Schools’ directors and teachers were individually interviewed, and focus groups conducted with the students, which revealed the employers of TVET graduates, the types of jobs they realize within the system and the external factors that affect employment opportunities. Employers of technicians were most likely public sector, NGOs and IOs as well as entrepreneurship activities. These TVET graduates’ job profiles are in extension performing versatile work, or as entrepreneurs. Their employment opportunities were affected by the overall unemployment, the existing opportunities in agriculture, and lack of government support. Keywords: Haiti; employment; technical schools; agriculture
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Lawal-Adebowale, O. A., and A. M. Omotayo. "Agro-Research and Extension Personnel’s Knowledge of ICT Applications for Agricultural Development in Southwest-Nigeria." International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jictrda.2012010104.
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ICT integration in agriculture is changing the tempo of the sector globally. Successful application of ICT for agricultural development however depends on the agricultural workers’ knowledge of the information-driven technologies applications. Assessment of the Nigerian agricultural researchers and extension agents’ knowledge of the ICT applications showed that 92.9% of the researchers and 51.6% of the extension agents had knowledge of the ICT applications. The chi-square analytical test showed that the agricultural researchers’ knowledge of ICT applications was significantly related to their level of education (x<sup>2</sup> = 52.33, p = 0.017), work experience (x<sup>2</sup> = 26.37, p = 0.04), IT training (x<sup>2</sup>= 26.19, p = 0.036) at p < 0.05 level. The extension agents’ knowledge of ICT utilities was significantly related to their education (x<sup>2</sup> = 47.39, p = 0.047) at p < 0.05 levels. T-test of difference between the researchers and extension agents’ knowledge of ICT applications was found significant. It was concluded that the respondents’ knowledge of the ICT applications was influenced by their level of education; and was recommended that the agricultural researchers and extension agents should train anytime the organisational ICT devices are scaled up for new applications in agriculture.
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Baruah, Anushree, and G. Madan Mohan. "Exploring the ICT Preferences of Personnel from Agricultural Extension Organizations in the Northeastern Region of India." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2021.18.1.7.
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Although the public extension system in India is known to be one of the largest in the world, it still lacks coordinated effort in managing the links between research, extension, and farmers, resulting in non-uniform distribution of agricultural knowledge and technology. A vast majority of the population earning their livelihood through agriculture remain small and marginal farmers. Lack of computerized networks in agricultural extension departments, inadequate skilled manpower for disseminating agricultural information, and increasingly diverse needs of farmers across the Indian sub-continent pose hurdles in effective information transfer to the farming community. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools exerts a positive impact on agriculture worldwide by aiding speedy and effective dissemination of agricultural information. An increased awareness of modern ICT tools and their usage will contribute substantially to strengthening the extension network and expand its scope. This study explored the ICT preferences of personnel from agricultural extension organizations employed in public extension organizations in the north-eastern region of India. It found that electronic media is ranked below the conventional extension contact modes of print media and personalized contact regarding its use for disseminating agricultural information by the extension personnel. Demographic characteristics of the personnel from agricultural extension organizations such as sex, age, education, specialization, designation, and work experience were significantly associated with the pattern of ICT use specifically experience with ICT, frequency of use, training, and voluntary use.
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Rodriguez, Lulu, and Juan Andrade. "Communicating Agriculture and Nutrition: Opportunities for Agricultural Extension-Communication and Advisory Services in Nepal." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25107.
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Meeting the dual goal of improving income and enhancing the nutrition status of Nepal’s rural residents is the mandate of the Integrating Gender and Nutrition within Agricultural Extension Services (INGENAES) project, which is supported by the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Feed the Future initiative. A landscape study that provided an overview of Nepal’s agriculture and the status of the country’s agricultural extension system (AES) threshed out a primary target audience—rural women. How can they be reached with nutrition information through the existing AES? The landscape study also identified 11 organizations as INGENAES collaborators. What opportunities do they offer to advance INGENAES objectives? Following Rice and Foote’s (2001) systems-theoretical approach, this formative evaluation study drew from the insights of project and program managers and coordinators, communication officers, representatives of non-government organizations (NGOs), extension officers, and editors and journalists of farm publications who work in the intersection of agriculture and nutrition in Nepal. Data were gathered from a survey of the chief communication and/or extension officers of these 11 partner agencies. Additional data were collected from evaluation questionnaires completed by project managers and communication officers of 12 government and non-government agencies who participated in a seminar-workshop on how to improve gender and nutrition communication. These two methods brought to light opportunities that can be used to enhance the communication and/or extension of nutrition-enriched agricultural information, especially to rural women. Recommendations for future communications work are offered.
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Wahyono, Effendi, and Nurul Huda. "Agricultural Extension Education in Indonesia in the Colonial Period 1900-1941." Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 30, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i1.22893.
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This paper examines agricultural extension education during the colonial period in Indonesia and used historical research to investigate it. The agricultural extension was formed in 1911. Agricultural experts in Indonesia at that time were agricultural engineers who graduated from Agricultural College in Wageningen, the Netherlands. They did not understand much about indigenous cultures, languages, and agrarian systems. The task of the agricultural extension was to improve the economy of rural peasant communities. Agricultural education in Indonesia began with the Middlebare Landbouw School for higher education. For lower-level education or the first secondary school, Cultuur School was established. This school prepared graduates to work as forestry officials, agricultural supervisors, and agricultural extension workers. The number of graduates was minimal, so it can not reach the vast territory of Indonesia. For this reason, graduates of agricultural schools who worked in extension offices (Landbouwvoorlichtingsdienst) gave agricultural courses to village school teachers (Vervolksschool). The teachers then taught agriculture to grade five elementary school students, and peasant groups formed in the villages. These peasant groups were led by peasants who have succeeded in the village, which were then used as movers in village economic growth.Tulisan ini membahas pendidikan penyuluhan pertanian selama periode kolonial di Indonesia dan menggunakan menggunakan metode sejarah untuk menelitinya. Penyuluhan pertanian dibentuk pada tahun 1911. Ahli pertanian di Indonesia pada waktu itu adalah insinyur pertanian yang lulus dari Sekolah Tinggi Pertanian di Wageningen, Belanda. Mereka tidak mengerti banyak tentang budaya, bahasa, dan sistem agraria lokal. Tugas penyuluhan pertanian adalah untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat petani pedesaan. Pendidikan pertanian di Indonesia dimulai dengan Middlebare Landbouw School untuk pendidikan tinggi. Untuk pendidikan tingkat rendah atau sekolah menengah pertama, Cultuur School didirikan. Sekolah ini mempersiapkan lulusan untuk bekerja sebagai pejabat kehutanan, pengawas pertanian, dan penyuluh pertanian. Jumlah lulusannya sangat minim, sehingga tidak bisa menjangkau wilayah Indonesia yang luas. Untuk alasan ini, lulusan sekolah pertanian yang bekerja di kantor penyuluhan (Landbouw voorlichtings dienst) memberikan kursus pertanian kepada guru sekolah desa (Vervolksschool). Para guru kemudian mengajar pertanian ke kelas lima siswa sekolah dasar, dan kelompok tani terbentuk di desa-desa. Kelompok tani ini dipimpin oleh petani yang telah berhasil di desa, yang kemudian digunakan sebagai penggerak dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi desa.
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Calixte, Christelle, Grady Roberts, and J. C. Bunch. "Understanding the Context for Agricultural Technical, Vocational, Education and Training in Haiti." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 27, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2020.27236.
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Agricultural activities in developing countries are critical for the future of the world’s food security. These countries have the lowest agricultural productivity and dissemination of agricultural technologies are often insufficient. Extension has a vital role in improving agricultural productivity. The Caribbean country of Haiti is one such case. In Haiti, agricultural technicians perform much of the extension field work. Agricultural technicians often have a diploma earned at a Technical, Vocational, Education and Training (TVET) school. However, not much is known about Haitian TVET schools, as little research has been conducted. This study explored the context for Haitian agricultural TVET. Individual interviews with four school directors and three teachers per school (12 total), as well as a student focus group in each school allowed to identify the ambiguous cultural value of agricultural TVET in Haiti. Results identified the cultural disregard for TVET through its stakeholders’ contempt for this sector as well as the government’s failure to support it appropriately. However, it was also found that TVET added value to the agricultural system both for its inherent qualities, and because of the reputation, competitiveness it creates for the graduates through the schools’ curricula, INFP recognition, and the networking experiences it facilitates notably with internships. Keywords: TVET, Haitian, agriculture
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Davis, Kristin. "Embedding your work in theoretical frameworks of agricultural education and extension." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 26, no. 5 (August 27, 2020): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389224x.2020.1806454.
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Zikhali, Zafezeka Mbali, Paramu L. Mafongoya, Maxwell Mudhara, and Obert Jiri. "Climate Change Mainstreaming in Extension Agents Training Curricula: A Case of Mopani and Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619857098.
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This study assessed the provision of informal training offered by the Limpopo Department of Agriculture, South Africa, to agricultural extension officers (AEOs). The study used surveyed 90 public extension officers purposively sampled. There were statistically significant differences in extension officers’ exposure to climate change between their education levels and in the provision of climate change training between extension officers’ work experience ( P⩽0.05). The study concluded that the majority of AEOs have not been fully exposed to climate information prior to their employment. This suggests that the information gap in Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services (AEAS) stems from the slow mainstreaming and integration of climate change information.
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Ifeanyi-obi, C. C., and H. D. Ibiso. "Extension agents perception of open data usage in agricultural communication in Abia State." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.10.
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The study assessed agricultural extension agent’s perception of open data usage in agricultural communication in Abia State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 83 extension agents for the study. Data for the study was collected with the use of questionnaire and described with frequency counts, percentages and mean. A moderate percentage (68%) of extension agents were aware of open data with only 15% and 7% having high and very high level of awareness. A relatively high percentage (54%) understand what open data is all about with only 49% consenting to be involved in the use of open data mainly at a moderate level (66%). Extension agents mainly perceive open data to facilitate agricultural research ( x̄ = 3.2), facilitate access to research findings (x̄ = 3.2), give access to the work of other extension agents in other states ( x̄ = 3.2), expose them to innovation in agriculture ( x̄ = 3.2) and ensure timely access to all necessary information (x̄ = 3.1). The major challenges to the use of open data among extension agents were lack of fund to purchase internet bundle ( x̄ = 2.2), unavailability of internet facilities( x̄ = 2.1), lack of basic ICT facilities ( x̄ = 2.1) as well as lack of adequate knowledge of the use of ICT( x̄ = 2.0) and open data ( x̄ = 2.0). Propagation of the use of open data could be done mainly by provision of ICTs in offices ( = 3.6), training of extension agents to understand the concept of open data ( x̄ = 3.6) and provision of internet facilities for extension agents ( x̄ = 3.5). The study emphasized the need for Government through the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) to provide basic ICT tools in offices and provision of internet facilities to enable extension agents maximize the use of open data.
Keywords: Open data, challenges, agriculture, extension agents
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Idowu, Oladele. "Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education: A Review of Demand-Driven Agricultural Extension Education in Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.9.
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The paper examined demand-driven agricultural extension education in Nigeria and emphasized the need for extension professionals to acquire soft skills in addition to their technical capabilities through the utilization of demand-driven extension education (DDEE) strategies. A review of demand-driven agricultural extension education in Nigeria as introduced by Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education in universities was carried out to assess the concepts of demand-driven extension education, capacity development, skill, skill- mismatch. The reviews were analysed using themes and the findings were reported based on the themes identified from the review analysis. Job matching and human capital theories are the theoretical underpinning for this paper. The paper further highlighted the numerous benefits of DDEE prominent among which include its ability to adapt to the need of the learners and employers, utilize dynamic work-based pedagogy to improve competencies, and respond to the needs of the labour markets to ensure continuous alignment between desired qualification and available training. It is important to properly mainstream the use of demand-driven extension education strategies in training extension personnel for better and more sustainable extension and services delivery to farmers.
Keywords: Agricultural extension, agricultural education, demand-driven extension education, capacity development, skill, skill- mismatch
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Moehlenpah, Alexi, and David L. Lalman. "116 Oklahoma State University Continuing Education Online Courses for Extension Educators in 2020." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.007.
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Abstract The Smith–Lever Act of 1914 established a system of cooperative extension services to connect the land-grant universities to the people. Agricultural extension educators serve as the “front door” to the University, providing research-based information in a wide variety of agricultural topics such as livestock, crops, entomology, natural resources, etc. A bachelor’s degree in agriculture is a requirement for employment as an agricultural extension educator in most states. Generally, most new hires are knowledgeable in one or more areas and perhaps possess a degree focused in the same area. However, many educators are not fluent in all the agriculture sectors they are required to address on a daily basis. Our objective is to gradually develop an online in-service program specifically designed to strengthen educators’ knowledge and proficiency in basic beef cattle production. These courses will consist of five to ten modules each with an estimated five hours of course work per subject. The courses will include reading material, listening and visual material, interactive activities, and quizzes to aid in learning the basics. The Introduction to Beef Cattle Nutrition course is intended to enhance extension educators’ knowledge of the nutrient requirements of beef cattle, body condition scoring, ration calculation, etc. Extension educators will be expected to pass quizzes at the end of each module with an eighty percent or higher. Oklahoma extension educators will enroll in the Introduction to Beef Cattle Nutrition course during the 2020 calendar year and complete over a ten-week period. A survey at the end of each module will allow the authors to see how effective the course was, and if the representative feels more confident in discussing and helping producers with their herd nutrition upon completion.
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Hakim, Rachman, Tri Haryanto, and Dyah Wulan Sari. "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming in East Java Province." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 18, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v18i2.12808.
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Agriculture is a dominant sector in Indonesia, mostly because many people work in this sector, especially in agricultural centers such as East Java Province. However, it is ironic that the farm sector does not have a considerable contribution to Indonesia's national income. This study aimed to measure rice farming's efficiency in East Java and determine whether education, access to credit, farmer group membership, age, and agricultural extension affected rice farming efficiency. The data source comes from the Central Statistics Agency (Agricultural Business Household Income Survey) in 2013 for East Java Province. The number of samples used was 8603 farmer households. The research method uses Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The results showed that the average efficiency for the Cobb-Douglas production function was 0.764, while the average efficiency for the translog production function was 0.759. The Cobb-Douglas production function is not suitable for this study; the translog production function is considered more appropriate. The variables of education, access to credit, membership of farmer groups, age, and agricultural extension significantly influence rice farming's technical efficiency in East Java. The extension variable has the most significant effect.
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Luz, Maria de Lourdes Santiago, and Joao Alberto Camarotto. "Competencies of Work in Agricultural Research Units." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.627.
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This paper aims to investigate and discuss the concepts comprised of the competencies deriving from tacit and explicit knowledge of operational work, a critical factor in the transfer and retention of knowledge in an organization of agricultural activities, as well as their relationships. Thus, this article contains a review of the literature to understand the relationship between worker competencies and the work done in agricultural units linked to teaching and research institutes in Brazil. The term agricultural unitsrefers to experimental farms belonging to higher education institutions, intended to serve as a workplace for teaching, research and extension activities. This research is also based on the specific characteristics of work in an organization that fit in situations of high variability. The final product of an experimental farm includes not only research results and generated knowledge, but also the development of operational activities. Finally, this paper discusses the relationship of competencies necessary for the development of this kind of agricultural unit of teaching and research.
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Malczewski, Joan. "Philanthropy and Progressive Era State Building through Agricultural Extension Work in the Jim Crow South." History of Education Quarterly 53, no. 4 (November 2013): 369–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12034.
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In the process of promoting an agricultural appropriation bill in the 1914 legislative session, members of Congress engaged in a vigorous debate about the appropriateness of public-private collaboration in the federal government. They had discovered that the Department of Agriculture had been receiving funding directly from the General Education Board (GEB), a philanthropy established with funds from the Rockefeller family, for staff hired to engage in agricultural extension services. Representative William Kenyon of Iowa explained to his fellow Congressmen that employees “were on the pay roll of the Government; and, as I understand, the man who is at the head of the farm demonstration work received $1 per month from the Government and $625 per month from the Rockefeller Fund.” While Senator John Sharp Williams of Mississippi generally supported the use of private funding, he expressed the sentiments of many of his colleagues with his concern that it was “a very bad thing to get the employees of the Federal or of the State or of a city government in the habit of relying upon rich men and corporations for aid and assistance, because it brings around… a certain, perhaps dominating, influence upon the officials themselves that might be and probably would be finally detrimental to the public service or to self-respect and interest of the masses.”
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Arifullah, M., A. Zahan, MM Rana, M. Adil, and Shamsunnaher Shamsunnaher. "Attitude of the Rural Elite Farmers towards Extension Activities Performed by Personnel of Department of Agricultural Extension." Agriculturists 12, no. 1 (July 19, 2014): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19586.
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The main purpose of the study was to ascertain the attitude of rural elite farmers towards extension activities performed by Upazilla Agricultural Extension personnel of DAE and to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and their extent of attitude towards those extension activities under reference. The study was conducted in two unions, namely Ratanpur and Rasullabad covering 5 villages of Nabinagar Upazilla under Brahmanbaria District. Data were collected from the rural elite farmers using a pre- tested interview schedule during 15th May 2009 to 10th June 2009. It was found that the highest proportion (43.14%) of the respondents had moderate favourable attitude compared to 33.33 percent having high favourable attitude and 23.53 percent less favourable attitude. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) test was used to ascertain the relationships between the concerned dependent and independent variables of the study. Findings revealed that education, farm size, time spent for farm work, organizational participation, extension contact and knowledge on agriculture of elite rural farmers showed positive significant relationship while age and annual family income did not show any such relationship with their attitude towards extension activities performed by Upazilla Agricultural Extension Personnel of DAE. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19586 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 96-102
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Kamruzzaman, Md, Ataharul Chowdhury, Annemarie van Paassen, and Wayne Ganpat. "Extension Agents’ Use and Acceptance of Social Media: The Case of the Department of Agricultural Extension in Bangladesh." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25210.
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Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been considered as key driving forces for enabling agricultural development ‒ the sector which provides livelihoods for majority of the population in Bangladesh. The Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), the largest public sector agricultural extension service provider in Bangladesh, has recently enacted a new organizational policy for its staffs to use ICTs such as social media to provide better services. However, there is little or merely anecdotal evidence about how extension agents of DAE have been accepting and using social media for their professional work. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study is a first attempt to investigate social media use and acceptance among extension agents in Bangladesh. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires from 140 extension agents of DAE who work in the eastern region of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that most extension agents (51.4%) used social media for half an hour to one hour every day. Perceived ease of use (PEoU) and Perceived usefulness (PU) are the most influential elements that determine DAE staff acceptance of social media for performing professional functions. Social media was perceived by extension agents as a means for improving professional performance, such as disseminating agricultural information; garnering support for new agricultural policy; networking with clients and colleagues and enabling coordination of services provided by colleagues. Overall, the findings indicate potential uses of social media in an ICT-based agricultural development strategy in Bangladesh.
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Suvedi, Murari, and Ramjee P. Ghimire. "In Search of an Alternative Agricultural Extension Strategy: An Action Research on Off-season Vegetable Production in Nepal." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 23, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2016.23204.
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Agricultural extension services in Nepal are in serious need of revival. An extension approach that brings agricultural stakeholders together and fosters co-learning among them is paramount for agricultural development. This study, conducted in 2013 in Hamsapur, Nepal, aims to assess the current agricultural extension services and search for an alternative extension strategy for speedy agricultural development. Specifically, the study seeks to examine the current agricultural production patterns; assess farmers’ perceptions of the participatory action research (PAR) approach; and identify barriers for adoption of new agricultural technologies by farmers. Personal interviews and observations were employed for collecting qualitative and quantitative data. Ninety-two farmers participated in the study. Farmers, including women and youths, found off-season tomato production beneficial to them. Marketing of vegetables and lack of irrigation, education and knowledge are problems facing farmers. Farmers are optimistic about increasing farm productivity by adopting new and improved technologies. The PAR approach appears to be effective in helping smallholders when non-governmental organizations, farmers and educational institutions work together. Agricultural programs would likely succeed if there were provision of input such as seeds, fertilizers and farmer-to-farmer extension, and if technologies were market-driven and compatible with target communities.
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Kustanti, Eni, Agus Rusmana, and Purwanti Hadisiwi. "The Utilization of Internet By Extension Specialist in Efforts to Accelerate Agriculture Information Disemination." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 39, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v39n2.2020.p129-139.
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<p>One of the internet utilization inagricultural developmentby the Ministry Agriculture is to disseminate information of technology innovations to the agricultural extension specialist as intermediary users. This paper discusses the use of the internet by agricultural extension specialist in an effort to accelerate the dissemination of agricultural information. Several internet application used in the dissemination of agricultural information such as the IAARD(Indonesia Agency of Agricultural Research dan Development) website, cyber extension, agricultural digital libraries and social media.The intensity of using the internet by agricultural extension specialist for dissemination of agricultural informastion is still low with the frequency of 2-3 times a day and the duration of 1-2 hours a day because the task of agricultural extension in the field. The used of the internet by agricultural extension are depend on individual characteristic (age, length of work, media ownershipand education), perception on the internet, information needs, motivation and support of agencies. The agricultural extension used the internet for reports, content creation, and extension methods designed. Low internet acces capability and limited access facilities become obstacles on using the internet to obtain the necessary information. The ability of extension specialist to access the internet can meet the needs of agricultural information users and improve the competence of extension specialist themselves.</p><p>Keyword: Internet, dissemination, agricultural technology, extension.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>PEMANFAATAN MEDIA INTERNET OLEH PENYULUH DALAM UPAYA<br />PERCEPATAN DISEMINASI INFORMASI PERTANIAN</p><p>Salah satu pemanfaatan internet di Kementerian Pertanian adalah untuk diseminasi informasi teknologi pertanian kepada penyuluh sebagai pengguna perantara sebelum disampaikan ke petani dengan bahasa yang mudah dicerna. Tulisan ini membahas pemanfaatan internet oleh penyuluh dalam upaya percepatan diseminasi informasi pertanian. Beberapa aplikasi internet untuk diseminasi informasi pertanian diantaranya web Balitbangtan, cyber extension, perpustakaan digital pertanian, dan media sosial. Intensitas penggunaan internet oleh penyuluh untuk diseminasi informasi pertanian masih rendah dengan frekuensi 2-3 kali sehari dan durasi 1-2 jam sehari karena mereka lebih banyak berada di lapangan untuk tugas penyuluhan kepada petani. Penggunaan internet oleh penyuluh antara lain dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik individu (usia, lama bekerja, kepemilikan media, dan pendidikan), persepsi terhadap internet, kebutuhan informasi, motivasi dan dukungan lingkungan. Bagi penyuluh, internet digunakan untuk penyusunan laporan, pembuatan materi, program, dan mendesain metode penyuluhan. Kemampuan akses yang rendah dan keterbatasan sarana parasarana menjadi hambatan dalam pemanfaatan internet untuk memperoleh informasi yang diperlukan. Kemampuan penyuluh mengakses internet berperan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna informasi pertanian dan meningkatkan kompetensi penyuluh itu sendiri.</p><p>Kata kunci: Internet, diseminasi, teknologi pertanian, penyuluh.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>
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Agunga, Robert, Ruth Sleshi, and Rahwa Hassen. "Towards a Professionalism of Agricultural Extension: Key to Promoting Extension Effectiveness in Africa." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 2 (March 18, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n2p81.
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A survey of a small sample of 123 extension workers in Ghana and Ethiopia may have revealed the key issue facing extension ineffectiveness in Africa—the paucity of extension training. Questions on job satisfaction showed that respondents were highly satisfied with: a) an opportunity to work in an area they are trained (N=88, 57%), b) level of education (N=75 (61%), c) enthusiasm towards their work (N=72 (58.5%), and d) opportunity to work with local farmers. However, they were highly dissatisfied with: a) their salaries (N=108 (87.8%), b) the process of decentralization (N=83 (75.6%), c) cooperation from non-governmental agencies (N=87 (70.7%), d) respect from peers in other sectors of government (N=83 (68.0%), e) training in development (N=79 (65.3%), and f) training in communication (N=65 (54.2%). We find their complaints on lack of or limited training in development and communication worthy to note because in the last 40 years extension performance has stressed facilitation among development partners. It can be argued, therefore, that the slow process of decentralization, the friction between extension workers and their NGO counterparts, and their inability to get along with their compatriots in other ministries can be traced to their limited or lack of training in development and communication, otherwise called “Communication for Development” (C4D). We conclude, therefore, that if extension workers are to be effective in their new role as development facilitators not only must their training in agriculture expand to include C4D but, equally significant, extension systems throughout the continent must operate as a profession. Therefore, the authors recommend the establishment of a professional association throughout Africa, under the rubric of “ExtensionAfrica,” which will address the need for extension effectiveness on the continent. We particularly recommend a collaborative relationship with the African Forum for Agricultural Services (AFAAS), which has a mandate for advising on extension services, to make this happen.
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Buys, David R., and Roger Rennekamp. "Cooperative Extension as a Force for Healthy, Rural Communities: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 9 (September 2020): 1300–1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305767.
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Cooperative Extension (Extension), part of the land-grant university system, has been engaged in rural communities for more than a century. While the focus of Extension’s efforts has largely centered on agriculture, there is an important thread of work that has similarities to public health. As Extension settles into its second century, we are working to be even more engaged in efforts that improve the health and well-being of rural communities in particular. Extension faculty and staff are accomplishing this through direct-to-the-population education and through partnerships with more classically oriented public health organizations able to leverage Extension’s networks and positive reputation in communities to engage them and improve their health. A component of these partnerships includes Extension faculty and staff increasingly engaging in policy, systems, and environment work and other initiatives that help ensure longer-term, systemic changes more likely to improve health outcomes. In short, Extension clearly changed the agricultural system of the United States, and because of its reach into rural communities, it has the capacity to do for health in rural communities in this second century what it did for agriculture in the first century.
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Umar, Abdulmumini, Man Norsida, Hirawaty Kamarulzaman Nitty, and Bahiah Mohd Haris Nur. "Women Farmers Perception of Information Dissemination Skills among Agricultural Extension Workers in North Eastern Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i3.6.
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This study examined the perception of rural women farmers on information dissemination skills of agricultural extension workers. Using multistage sampling procedure 378 respondents were randomly selected from the population of 6758 women farmers. Questionnaire was administered to the sampled farmers. Data were analysed using mean, and standard deviation. Findings reveals that women farmers participated moderately in agricultural practices with overall mean value of 2.65. Also, agricultural extension workers had a lower level of information dissemination skill in dealing with women farmers with overall mean value of 2.25. There is the need for training and retraining of extension workers to boost their skills for information delivery to women farmers. Extension programme for rural women should be designed to ensure extension workers are well informed and knowledgeable enough to work with them.
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Haq, Abu Zafar Mahmudul. "Effect of Extension Contact on Rice Productivity in Some Selected Sites of Gazipur District." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 4 (September 2, 2012): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11762.
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The impact of extension contact is examined with a view to evaluating the agriculture extension in Bangladesh. It is found that the impact of extension contact is stronger for the comparatively near villages to upazila headquarters. This effect is weaker for those villages, which are comparatively away from upazila headquarters. Evident shows that the influence of extension contact is strongly positive and significant in the upazila where people are mostly involved in agricultural works. The results show that the impact of extension contact, which is one of the basic tenet of agricultural extension, as found in the yield of rice in the whole survey area, is strongly positive and significant. Some determinants of extension contact are also examined. Findings revealed that education of farmers, size of farm families, number of earners of farm families, irrigation and villages which are nearer to the upazila headquarters are key determinants for a household participation in extension contact. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11762 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 723-732, December 2011
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Ramadhan, Rendi Henda, Begem Viantimala, and Serly Silviyanti. "PERANAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN LAPANG (PPL) DALAM ADOPSI PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (PTT) USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN SEPUTIH RAMAN." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 7, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v7i2.262-267.
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This study aims to determine the level of role of agricultural extension workers on adopting integrated crop management, determine the level of adoption of integrated crop management of paddy rice in increasing productivity, analyze the relationship between the role of agricultural extension workers and adoption of integrated crop management, and analyze the relationship between adoption of integrated crop management and the productivity of lowland rice. Determination of sampling conducted by proporsional random sampling and obtained 99 people divided into eight agricultural extension work areas. The research data is analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics of Rank Spearman correlation test. The results of the study showed that the role of field agricultural extension workers in the management of integrated crops of paddy fields was in the medium classification; these roles included activities in education, dissemination, facilitation, consultation, supervision, monitoring, and evaluation. Adoption of integrated plant management based on the use of quality seeds and planting systems, irrigation, fertilization, control of plant pests, handling of harvests to post-harvest were in the medium classification. The role of field agricultural extension workers was significantly correlated with the adoption of integrated crop management, while adoption of integrated crop management was related to the productivity of lowland rice.Key words : adoption, agricultural extension workers, integrated crop management, paddy, roles
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Novianti, Novianti, Satria Putra Utama, and Septri Widiono. "EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION AND BASIC TRAINING EXPERT AGRICULTURE 2014 IN SECRETARIAT OF EXTENSION COORDINATION BENGKULU PROVINCE." Journal of Agri Socio-Economics and Business 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jaseb.3.1.13-20.
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The objectives of this research to measure the effectiveness and analyze the factors that influence the effectiveness of basic training agricultural extension experts organized by the Secretariat Bakorluh Bengkulu Province. This research was conducted in March through June 2015 and used slovin methods. The study population was defined as many as 36 people of 40 people from the extension of existing civil servants. Data analysis was done by using tobit models. The results showed that : 1) some characteristics of extension that is age and work experience significantly influence the effectiveness of training 2) several factors including the method of training, facilities and trainers significantly influence the effectiveness of training. 3) The level of effectiveness basic education and training of agricultural extension experts by secretariat of Bakorluh Bengkulu province in middle category or sufficiently effective;.
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Bozsik, András. "Remembrance to László Huzián (1923-1996)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 39 (November 10, 2010): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/39/2730.
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László Huzián was a determining personality of the higher education of Hungarian crop protection more precisely that of the agricultural entomology. Training of the scientific and extension specialists of Hungarian agricultural entomology from 1960 till 1983 would have been unimaginable without him. He was the builder of the agricultural entomology school established by Gusztáv Adolf Manninger, the developer of the training’s essential and organisational standard, who sacrificed his life’s work for developing the crop protection. He found, characterized many pests (E.g. Scrobipalpa ocellatella, Lixus scabricollis, Tanymecus palliatus, Mesagroicus obscurus) new for the Hungarian fauna and worked out a control technology against them. It is important to mention his activity in creating the forecasting of the big field crop animal pests mainly that of the sugar beet pests. One top of his educational work was the wonderful manual „Agricultural Entomology” written with Sándor Bognár in 1979. László Szalay-Marzsó said of this book that it was impossible to write a better one. He has been right. The magnificent crop protection library and the unique richness and accuracy of the animal demonstration material (slides, pictures, preparates, showcases, etc.) established at the Gödöllő University of Agriculture can be thanked to his extraordinary systematizing mentality and tireless efforts.
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Anwarudin, Oeng, and Dayat Dayat. "The Effect of Farmer Participation in Agricultural Extension on Agribusiness Sustainability in Bogor, Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.1028.
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Era of regional autonomy is marked by the transfer of agricultural extension management from the central government to local governments. That event does not immediately make the implementation of re-education work optimally. Nevertheless, the Bogor government has been trying to manage and organize extension in the hope of increasing the participation of farmers for the agribusiness sustainability. The research aims to analyze descriptively farmer participation and agribusiness sustainability and analyze the factors that influence agribusiness sustainability. The study was conducted in Bogor from July to November 2017. The study population is farmers who are members of farmer groups. Samples in this study are 93 people taken by using multi stage random sampling technique. The study variables consist of internal factors (X1) including age, education level, training, internship, agribusiness experience, perception and motivation. Further variables are external factors (X2), extension activities (X3), program factors (X4), participation of farmers (X5) and agribusiness sustainability (Y). Data were taken using questionnaire, and then, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The result showed that participation of farmers in extension activities is high (77.42%) and majority, they had the potential of agribusiness sustainability (87.09%). Factors affecting the agribusiness sustainability of farmers are training, internships, perceptions, motivation, extension activities and participation of farmers in extension activities.
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Pello, Wely Yitro. "Pengaruh Peran dan Motivasi Penyuluh Pertanian Terhadap Inovasi Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Kupang Timur, Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur." Jurnal Penyuluhan 15, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v15i2.27732.
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This research aimed to find out rice plant technology innovation level in East Kupang Sub District, to find out the effect of extension agent’s role and job motivation on rice plant technology innovation, and to find out the simultaneous effect of extension agent’s role and motivation on rice plant technology innovation. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression analysis. The result of research found that Rice Plant Cultivation Technology Innovation (Y) in East Kupang Sub District belonged to medium category (78.33%); it is indicated with the aspect of rice plant cultivation technology innovation dissemination by extension agent of 74.50% only and the aspect of farmers’ participation in wet-rice cultivation technology of 66.17%. The agricultural extension agent’s role factor belonged to high category (50.00%), while agricultural extension agent’s motivation factor belonged to medium category (60.00%). Agricultural Extension Agent factor affected significantly the rice cultivation technology innovation (Y), as indicated with three aspects: extension agent’s role as educator and facilitator, role as analyzer and planner, and role as evaluation expert of activity and education result. Agricultural extension agent’s motivation factor significantly affected the rice cultivation technology innovation (Y), as indicated with three aspects: extension agent’s motivation on basic need, status/social need, and work performance need. Extension agent’s role and motivation simultaneously affected rice plant technology innovation with Fstatistic value of 13.11.
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Jonathan, Ijatuyi Enioluwa, and Mokone Bontle. "A Narrative Review of the Assessment of Extension and Advisory Services on an Agricultural Development Project in North-West Province, South Africa." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25207.
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The effectiveness of agricultural extension work relies upon the accessibility of staffs that are qualified, roused, conferred and receptive to the consistently evolving social, financial and political condition. This narrative seeks to highlight the role that extension and advisory services play on a specific Agricultural Development Programme Project in North-West Province of South Africa. It also explores how best the provincial government can ensure that policies are developed and timely interventions are delivered with the needs of the farmers being considered first. Recommendations for rapid growth in the cattle and livestock industry in the province were also suggested.
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Borodai, Iryna S. "The serial publications as sources of research on the history of agricultural experimental work in Ukraine." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190116.
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The aim is to analyze the bibliographic series based on the National Scientific Agricultural Library of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The methods are source analysis, in particular, the use of traditional methods of classification and critique of documentary sources, its identification, analysis and synthesis. Scientific novelty. The article covers the topics of the most popular series “Agrarian Science of Ukraine in Persons, Documents, Bibliographies”, that was founded in 1998. The theoretical and practical contribution in the development of a strategy for managing the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine by well-known scientists M. Vavilov, O. Kvastsnyky, P. Sloskin, K. Gedroits, V. Resemlo, I. Lukinov, O. Alesho, S. Tretyakov, B. Yenken, A. Skorohodko, O. Bugutsky, D. Lykhvar, A. Sapegin, V. Peresipkin, C. Frankfurt, O. Kalachikov, M. Kravchenko, M. Zubets, P. Prokopovych, V. Kudashev is revealed. Originality. Thematic blocks of serial editions are devoted to issues of the role of academic scientific institutions in scientific and methodological support and coordination of scientific researches, development of some branches of agriculture, with its general characterization are set. Main results. The significance of serial publications as an information resource for studying the history of the forming and development of agricultural research work, the formation of a network of branch scientific institutions, the extension of agrarian education, the establishment of scientific schools and areas in agrarian science, actualization of the scientific heritage for solving urgent issues of the present, etc. The most numerous block of editions is devoted to the development of academic branch science, which took place within the framework of the functioning of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Department of Agricultural Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Southern Department of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Conclusions. It is shown that serial editions, created on the basis of a wide range of diverse sources, mainly Ukrainian archival funds, periodicals, statistical materials, scientific literature, promote the representation and evaluation of the activities of some agricultural scientists and research teams in the departmental, regional and sectoral aspects. Practical meaning. The article will contribute to the expansion of the source resource for the study of the formation and development of the agricultural researching work in Ukraine.
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Osborne, Dennis J., Douglas C. Sanders, Donn R. Ward, and James W. Rushing. "MANAGING A REGIONAL USDA-FUNDED FOOD SAFETY PROGRAM." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 869d—869. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.869d.
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This paper summarizes the management framework of a multi-state, multi-institutional partnership delivering a targeted train-the-trainer program. The program provided Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs)-based training to southeastern U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable (produce) growers and packers. Twelve southern U.S. states cooperated in this project: Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The 2000–04 work was funded by United States Department of Agriculture – Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA–CSREES) National Food Safety Initiative grants. This project developed materials, pilot tested them, refined them for use by a regional group of specialized agents, assisted the agents in delivering the new programming and evaluated the results.
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Come, Sérgio Feliciano, Hadma Milaneze De Souza, José Ambrósio Ferreira Neto, and Ana Louise De Carvalho Fiúza. "The Mozambican Experience in Institutionalizing Agrarian Research." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n1p102.
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This work addresses the historical process of institutionalization of agrarian research in Mozambique as well as the main challenges that it faces. The study was based on secondary data that address agrarian research from its genesis to the present. The results indicate that in the period prior to Mozambique’s independence in 1975, the best agrarian research infrastructures were concentrated in the South of the country, the region with the lowest agricultural potential compared to the Centre and the North. With the independence, the Mozambican Agrarian Research Institute (IIAM), the largest national agrarian research institution, expanded the experimental stations to the Centre and North. However, due to the war that hit the country between 1976 and 1992, agrarian research was not very effective in this period. After the end of the civil war, IIAM and some institutions of higher education, especially Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM), developed several technologies to increase agricultural productivity. Currently, the challenges of agrarian research are enormous, specially the need to: increase the quantity and quality of researchers, study the impact of climate change on agriculture, increase funding for research by government and other national partners, study the causes of the discontinuation of the use of improved agricultural technologies as well as the inclusion of farmers as priority subjects in agrarian research. Improving the linkage between research and rural extension is crucial for the generation and diffusion of appropriate agricultural technologies to the reality of Mozambican farmers.
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Pandey, Chitra, and Hema Diwan. "Integrated approach for managing fertilizer intensification linked environmental issues." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 324–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-09-2017-0093.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the critical factors associated with growing fertilizer usage culminating in contamination of soil/water in agriculturally intensive regions of Uttar Pradesh, India. The agriculture sector is seen as one of the major contributors in ensuring food security, however adoption of sustainable agriculture to protect water resources from contamination due to fertilizers and pesticides is becoming pressing to achieve long term environmental security. Design/methodology/approach A two staged study aimed at monitoring the soil quality status followed by stakeholder survey has been attempted. Attitude-behavior framework based on the theory of reasoned action has been tried to explain the fertilizer use behavior in the study. The results are analyzed through Analysis of variance. Findings Soil monitoring data showed nitrate and total nitrogen loadings beyond the permissible limit in the identified regions. A questionnaire aimed at determining farmer’s attitude toward fertilizer usage showed a significant influence of factors like net farm income, overall farm yield, extension services, farmer characteristics on one hand and risks associated with changing farming practices, costs of substitutes available, market-based instruments like subsidies and loans on the other. Divergent responses were observed with respect to farmer’s perceived risks from adopting to organic substitutes, linkages of fertilizer application with environmental degradation and the level of adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Research limitations/implications The study can be scaled up to study the inter-regional differences by benchmarking regional responses. It would be interesting to extend the work to find solutions from the farmers as alternative fertility management strategies. The items used in questionnaire are self-made; hence there is still a possibility of enhancing the robustness of scale by applying advanced statistical techniques. Practical implications Results of the study indicate excessive nitrogen loadings in farm soils which is an indicator of potential future nitrate contaminated zones or vulnerable zones emerging in agricultural intensive regions. Findings reinforce the role of education, knowledge transfer and awareness for long-term agricultural sustainability. The paper highlights the urgency for reorientation of the support system by the government and policymakers. Originality/value The paper attempts to understand the linkage between the agricultural productivity and the environmental implications followed by the reasons culminating in the agri-environmental imbalance. On-site monitoring study followed by assessment of reasons culminating in this scenario has not been attempted earlier and this paper contributes to understanding at dual level. This paper emphasizes on the insights of stakeholder which is instrumental in ensuring agricultural sustainability or otherwise. It takes the position that the farmer’s farm management behavior is strongly influenced by factors like food security and income, keeping environmental quality at second place. It also identifies the barriers for organic farming and other alternative systems as well as explores the economic, social, and philosophical aspects of sustainable agriculture.
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Bravo-Ureta, Boris E., and António E. Pinheiro. "Efficiency Analysis of Developing Country Agriculture: A Review of the Frontier Function Literature." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 22, no. 1 (April 1993): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000320.
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This article reviews and critiques the frontier literature dealing with farm level efficiency in developing countries. A total of 30 studies from 14 different countries are examined. The country that has received most attention is India, while rice has been the most studied agricultural product. The average technical efficiency (TE) index from all the studies reviewed is 72%. The few studies reporting allocative and economic efficiency show an average of 68% and 43%, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable room to increase agricultural output without additional inputs and given existing technology. Several of the studies reviewed have sought to explain farm level variation in TE. The variables most frequently used for this purpose have been farmer education and experience, contacts with extension, access to credit, and farm size. With the exception of farm size, the results reveal that these variables tend to have a positive and statistically significant impact on TE. This paper shows that considerable effort has been devoted to measuring efficiency in developing country agriculture using a wide range of frontier models. Despite all this work, the extent to which efficiency measures are sensitive to the choice of methodology remains uncertain.
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Percy, Rachel. "Gender analysis and participatory rural appraisal: assessing the current debate through an Ethiopian case study involving agricultural extension work." International Journal of Educational Development 19, no. 6 (November 1999): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-0593(99)00058-9.
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Osborne, Dennis J., Douglas C. Sanders, Donn R. Ward, and James W. Rushing. "Project Management in a Regional USDA-funded Food Safety Program." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1135C—1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1135c.
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This paper summarizes the management framework of a multi-state, multi-institutional partnership delivering a targeted “train-the-trainer” program. Procedures associated with assuring on-schedule deliverables and budget compliance will be reviewed. The program provided Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs)-based training to southeastern U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable (produce) growers and packers. Twelve southern U.S. states cooperated in this project: Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The 2000–04 work was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture–Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA–CSREES) National Food Safety Initiative grants. This project developed materials, pilot-tested them, refined them for use by a regional group of specialized agents, assisted the agents in delivering the new programming, and evaluated the results.
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Yusuf, Shehu Folaranmi Gbolahan, Oluwabunmi Oluwaseun Popoola, Lindokhule Gwala, and Thinandavha Nesengani. "Promoting University–Community Alliances in the Experiential Learning Activities of Agricultural Extension Postgraduate Students at the University of Fort Hare, South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810411.
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This study examines the university–community alliance with regard to experiential learning activities that may be used to enhance the competencies of agricultural extension postgraduate students (AEPS). Through research and alliance, university education provides agricultural extension students with ideal learning spaces to explore cause-related social, economic, and sustainability aspects of agriculture. The objectives of the study were for the AEPS to work on community farms for between six to eight weeks, to identify production challenges, and to attempt to solve problems using a participatory action research (PAR) approach. Students collected data daily, using parameters that included types of agro-enterprise, agricultural practices, observation and control of pests and diseases, identification, and control of weed infestation types, control of predators, and management of various security challenges. Social media were also used to share posts (pictures and videos) of the various project activities with the public for discussion and knowledge sharing. Findings show that there was an improved relationship between the students and their community collaborators. All participants mutually benefited from the programme; students gained indigenous farming knowledge from the farmers, while farmers benefited from the scientific approaches to solving common farming problems employed by the students—mostly improvised technologies with local content. Both the students and the farmers learned from the knowledge shared by various followers on Facebook, who gave suggestions to address some of the challenges posted on social media. The programme advocates the need to shift from a mostly rigid, conventional curriculum to a more dynamic, interactive one, which embraces active experimentation with theoretical knowledge. It underscores the significance of experiential learning for developing students’ technical competencies. The success of the programme could influence curriculum development and re-design to accommodate more experience-based modules.
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Orvis, Kathryn. "(313) Utilizing Distance Education to Teach Emerging Topics in Horticulture Science: A Report on Four Years of Teaching Introduction to Agricultural Biotechnology." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1056A—1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1056a.
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Advances in biotechnology are rapidly changing the way we work and live, but are often met with controversy or raise ethical questions. Approaches that enhance learning and awareness of biotechnology are essential to increasing citizen understanding of these topics. Educators, both formal and informal, need skills to understand the science associated with these technologies, as they may not have been previously exposed to the topics in their training, especially with the rapidly changing science. To address the need for unbiased agricultural biotechnology information, a graduate level internet-based course was developed entitled: “Introduction to Agricultural Biotechnology”. This course focuses on agricultural biotechnologies related to horticulture and plant science. Online courses are especially useful for students not able to travel due to various constraints, such as working full-time or being physically distant from campus. The goal is a population better able to understand the science behind rapidly advancing biotechnologies and that is better equipped to make informed decisions regarding those technologies. Course assignments are designed to help students as they teach others about topics associated with biotechnology in both formal and informal settings, such as a high school class or an Extension seminar. In the past 5 years, 54 students (teachers, college instructors, or Extension staff) from across the United States have taken the course. Course ratings have been consistently very good (avg. 4.45) on a 1–5 scale (1 = very poor, 5 = excellent). Former students have indicated that they have a better understanding of biotechnology and would be better able to relate it to others. Students also gained an improved awareness of the resources that are available for teaching agricultural biotechnology.
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Shelburne, Ian, David E. Lawver, Steven Fraze, Jonathan Ulmer, Charles Stephenson, and Juma Magogo. "Adoptive Behaviors of Farmers After Training and Their Subsequent Diffusive Behaviors In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 24, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2016.24108.
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This study focused on Kenyan farmers in the Moiben area who participated in three agricultural seminars at Twiga demonstration farm. The problem of interest was the need for increased dissemination of improved agricultural practices to enhance production and processing of crops related to food security and socio-economic well-being. The study investigated associations between adoptive behaviors of participants and their subsequent behavior related to diffusing improved practices to others. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and two structured interview schedules. Correlational analysis was conducted on post-training behavior variables, using Kendall’s tau calculations. The study found that farmers across the samples who exhibited higher levels of adoption of workshop-recommended innovations also had a moderate to strong likelihood of showing correspondingly higher levels of diffusion-related behavior. It was concluded that these findings align well with Rogers’ (2003) discussion of change-agent credibility, and also with Bandura’s (2006) work on social modeling and perceived self-efficacy. It was recommended that offering community-based agricultural seminars such as those in this study be continued and expanded, as an important component in a pluralistic model of agricultural extension methodology for Sub-Saharan Africa. It was further recommended that farmers who adopt improved practices learned in training be identified specifically for further interventions related to implementation and diffusion of agricultural innovations.
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Tsikati, Alfred, and Sanele Motsa. "A Comparative Analysis of High and Low Performing Schools in Agriculture in Eswatini." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 26, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2019.26305.
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Analysis of the school performance in external Agriculture examination showed that there were schools that consistently performed well and those constantly performing poorly in Eswatini. Unfortunately, there is no study that has sought to analyze the characteristics of the high performing and low performing schools in agriculture in Eswatini. Thus, the purpose of the study was to analyze the high and low performing schools in Agriculture in Eswatini. A comparative analysis targeting 27 schools: 15 high performing and 12 low performing schools was conducted. All the 38 teachers and 26 teachers from high and low performing schools respectively, participated in this study. A questionnaire was used in data collection. Three experts from the Department of Agricultural Education and Extension at University of Eswatini and two agriculture teachers validated the questionnaire. Thirty agriculture teachers who were not involved in the study were used in pilot testing to establish inter-item reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha and the reliability coefficient was .82. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that high performing schools possessed the following features over low performing schools: motivation of learners to excel in academic work, practice farming in school garden, student making consultations with teachers, provision of extra lessons for students, monitoring class attendance and absenteeism, and teachers attending classes regularly. Also, the Ministry of Education and Training, headteachers, agriculture teachers and parents were more involved in high performing schools than in low performing schools. Therefore, the study recommended that special attention should be made to assist all stakeholders in low performing schools improve the academic performance. Keywords: academic performance; agriculture; comparative analysis; low performing school; high performing school
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Afrinawati, Afrinawati, Mustafa Usman, and Akhmad Baihaqi. "Efektivitas Penyuluhan Pertanian Terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah Di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1378.
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ABSTRAK - Tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana efektivitas penyuluhan pertanian terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Objek penelitian ini adalah petani padi sawah yang tergabung dalam kelompok tani di Wilayah Kerja Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (WK-BPP) Indrapuri. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini terbatas pada efektivitas penyuluhan pertanian terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Besarnya sampel penelitian 52 dengan metode analisis deskriptif dan efektivitas penyuluhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas penyuluhan pertanian pada usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Indrapuri Kabupaten Aceh Besar sebesar 94,8% dari sebelum adanya kegiatan penyuluhan sebesar 72,9%. Dimana artinya ada juga peningkatan pendapatan di tingkat petani dari sebelumnya hanya Rp.20.194.705 per Ha per MT telah mampu meningkat menjadi Rp.30.046.062 per Ha per MT.Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Penyuluhan, Pendapata, Usahatani ABSTRACT - The purpose of this study is how the effectiveness of agricultural extension on farm income Indrapuri of paddy in the district of Aceh Besar district. This research was conducted in the district of Aceh Besar district Indrapuri. The object of this research is the paddy rice farmers who are members of farmers' groups in the Work Area of the Agricultural Extension Center (WK-BPP) Indrapuri. The scope of this study is limited to the effectiveness of agricultural extension services to farm income Indrapuri of paddy in the district of Aceh Besar district. The amount of sample 52 with descriptive analysis and the effectiveness of counseling. The results showed that the effectiveness of agricultural extension on paddy rice farming in the district of Aceh Besar district Indrapuri of 94.8% on the prior existence of extension activities by 72,9%. Which means there is also an increase in the income level of farmers from previously only Rp.20.194.705 per ha per MT has been able to increase to Rp.30.046.062 per ha per MT.Keywords: Effectiveness, Education, Income, Farming
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András Bozsik. "Remembrance of Bognár Sándor (1921-2011)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 43 (October 30, 2011): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/43/2631.
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Dr. Sándor Bognár was a distinguished cultivator of the horticultural entomology and a determining personality of the higher education of Hungarian crop protection. Training of the scientific and extension specialists of Hungarian agricultural entomology would have been unimaginable without him. He was researcher of the Plant Protection Institute, innovator of the crop protection training’s essential and organisational standard at the Horticultural College and Faculty, who sacrificed his life’s work for developing the crop protection and for the tracking of the history of Hungarian crop protection. He dealt with the Pimplinae (Ichneuminidae) at the very beginning of his carrier and later with the difficulties of soil dwelling pests (Elateridae) but he dedicated a lot of time to the pests of rice and the pest-assemblages of fruit trees and grape. It is important to mention his activity on the phytophagous mites, thus one can call him as one of the founders of the Hungarian agricultural acarology. One top of his educational work was the wonderful manual „Agricultural Entomology” written with László Huzián in 1974 and 1979. László Szalay-Marzsó said of this book that it was impossible to write a better one. He has been right. In spite of his advanced age he participated systematically in the conferences in Hungary and shared the knowledge gained during his long life, and the morals and patriotism got from his models and developed considerably.
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Irawan, Andi, and Muhammad Syakir. "Determinants of oil palm smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategy to climate change in Bengkulu, Indonesia." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 57, no. 3 (September 2019): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2019.186452.
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Abstract Bengkulu is one of 10 provinces in Indonesia, which became a center of oil palm production. The aim of the study is to define how the determinant factors influence the oil palm smallholder farmer’s adaptation strategies on climate change in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Binary logistic regression method was employed to clarify the independent variables that influence farmers’ strategy adapted to climate change. Farmer experience and their household expenditure have the positive and significant effect on cropping diversification, while oil palm price has a positive influence in using land clearing without slash and burning. The factors that most influence the farmers' adaptation to climate change are farmer’s cooperation membership and membership of farmer group for agricultural extension. Because of their education and experience, they are not an important determinant on strategies adapted to climate change, but the farmer’s group for agricultural extension was very important in the adoption of comprehensive adaptation strategies to climate change, thus the understanding and skill of implementing strategies adapted to climate change among smallholder farmers needs improving by government extension agency. Therefore, ensuring access to information on climate change through extension agents is believed to create awareness and favorable conditions to adopt farming practices suited to climate change. It also means that improving the knowledge and skills of extension service personnel about climate change and adaptation strategies, and making the extension services more accessible to farmers is strongly recommended. For future work, new research involving more area with diversified ownership can be performed, not only smallholder farmer ownership but also private and state corporation ones. Moreover, the study about government action and policy for accelerating farmer's adaptation is important to be executed in the future.
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Tidwell, Abraham, Alexa Lamm, Kevan Lamm, and Jacqueline Tidwell. "An Appreciative Approach to Assessing Extension Professionals’ Perceptions of Evaluation." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 26, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/iaee.2019.26201.
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Generating timely, honest, and useful feedback is the cornerstone of all extension program evaluation. However, historical evaluation practices, especially in the international agricultural extension context, have relied on models that emphasize external criticism. One model of evaluation that has the potential to shift the focus toward a more collaborative model of evaluation is that of appreciative evaluation. Appreciative evaluation strives towards building on existing strengths rather than criticizing weaknesses with an emphasis on identifying what an organization does well. This research note reviews the results of a recent survey given to a group of extension professionals within a large land-grant institution to examine how extension professionals view the role of evaluation within their programming from an appreciative perspective. Respondents (n = 204) expressed great professional satisfaction in their work delivering programs and a sense of self-worth stemming from the impact they have in their respective communities. Evaluation tools and techniques were enabling forces as they allowed respondents to gather timely data and make adjustments to programs in ways that were reflective of community needs. When asked to identify any structural components of the extension system that improve evaluation practices and procedures, respondents emphasized the importance of both formal and non-formal training opportunities, the development of modular evaluation tools, and collaboration both within extension and their respective community(ies). The results indicated appreciative inquiry methods have the potential to provide valuable feedback about existing programming. Keywords: appreciative inquiry; extension education; program evaluation
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Heaney-Mustafa, Sandra, Francesco Sofo, Mukaddas Afzal, Zubair Anwar, Bareerah Fatima, and Faizan ul Hasan. "Bridging Farmer and Researcher: Extension through the Eyes of Agents in Rural Pakistan." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25308.
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Irrigation and efficient water usage by farmers remain key agricultural problems in Pakistan. Technological approaches to water management specifically irrigation management using cloud technology is a recent innovation currently being trialed in Pakistan through a project conducted by the authors and funded by the Australian Centre for International Research. The paper reports on the perceptions of rural agents in Pakistan involved in the scaling out of new technologies to improve irrigation practices of a large number of farmers. The methodology adopted the use of focus groups with water professionals and extension agents as this approach has been proven to be a key effective method to assist rural agents to gather current information on irrigation problems and the scaling out process. Eight focus groups were assembled with an average of ten participants in each group. The findings revealed the current practices, positive outcomes and challenges to conducting farmer education in Pakistan. The importance of this research is its potential to improving work practices of large numbers of farmers that continue to be highly challenging. The study gives fresh insights on how farmer education methods could be achieved in relation to improving water irrigation through new technological practices of a significantly increased number of farmers.
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Murphy, C., R. Nettle, and M. Paine. "The evolving extension environment: implications for dairy scientists." Animal Production Science 53, no. 9 (2013): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12347.
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This paper reviews current challenges in the Australian extension environment and provides a case for developing an adaptive extension platform for the dairy sector in Australia and New Zealand, to support evolving dairy farm systems. The variation in the public-sector engagement in extension, the diversity and number of extension providers and a relatively uncoordinated approach to define new extension roles, functions and professional requirements are current challenges for dairy extension across Australia. In the dairy sector, these challenges coincide with increasing demand for a responsive research, development, extension and education system in supporting the rapid evolution in dairy farming systems. Addressing these challenges is not an issue for extension alone; however, the required level of integration among research, development, extension and education in an environment where needs are changing and resources are scarce demands an engaged dairy-science profession. Drawing on international extension and agricultural innovation-system literature and earlier empirical research, the following three areas for development are proposed: (1) a professional development strategy that incorporates (i) an understanding of the new professional situations extension works within, (ii) leadership in cross-industry and cross-sector coordination concerning the nature of the changing client in research, development, extension and education system and (iii) clear priorities for extension; (2) a professional development plan that incorporates a workplace-learning approach; and (3) for extension specialists to be engaged in defining research priorities, the agenda for change and suitable pathways for change alongside other professional groups, including farming. This development agenda will, however, require an adaptive extension platform to advance these areas on behalf of farmers and public stakeholders.
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Hadi, Sapto Nugroho, Ida Widiyawati, and Furqon Furqon. "Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Pertanian Terpadu Guna Mendukung Terwujudnya Desa Mandiri Energi di Desa Sokawera, Kabupaten Banyumas." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.6.2.112-120.
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Most residents in Sokawera Village work as farmers. Population income figures are relatively low, averaging less than IDR 10,000/capita/day. Sokawera village has local potentials that have not been optimally managed, namely independent cattle farms and smallholder coconut plantations. The aim of this activity is to empower the community to optimize the management of eco-friendly integrated agriculture sourced from local potential to support the realization of an energy self-sufficient village. The strategy used in this activity is through the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) approach through the methods of education, training, demonstration plots, and assistance and are equipped with learning techniques while working (learning by doing). This activity began with the implementation of extension activities and transfer of knowledge about the benefits of eco-friendly integrated agriculture, training on the making and utilization of local resources to support the optimization of the management of eco-friendly integrated farming systems such as cattle dung into biogas, biogas waste into liquid and solid organic fertilizers, and coconut shell waste into liquid smoke biopesticides, training in making demonstrations and plots (demonstration plots) of healthy vegetable cultivation, training in processing local agricultural products into value-added products, and training in product marketing strategies through the design and manufacture of attractive product packaging. This activity provides knowledge and skills to the target community regarding the management of local potential such as cow dung waste and coconut shell to optimize environmentally friendly integrated agriculture. This activity is also a starting point for the realization of an energy self-sufficient village. Biogas which is processed from livestock manure is used successfully to replace LPG.
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Zaenuri, Muchamad, Suswanta Suswanta, and Muhammad Iqbal. "Penerapan Fermentasi Pakan Ternak dan Pemasaran Online untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Petani." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v6i3.1815.
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Dukuh Sikepan Ngagrong Village is one of the villages located in Gladagsari District, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province. Plantations and animal husbandry are the sources of livelihood for the people of Dukuh Sikepan, most of whom work as farmers and breeders. Also, the limited knowledge of residents about animal feed fermentation has made residents only provide feed with ordinary grass, which is only found in the rainy season. So that during the dry season, residents have to buy feed elsewhere at a higher cost. The not yet optimal marketing of agricultural products and development is also an obstacle for Sikepan residents. Thus, it is necessary to have a community service program that is expected to help the people of Sikepan Hamlet reduce the problems they are facing. Through the method of extension, education, and assistance to develop public knowledge to recognize and utilize agricultural knowledge about animal feed fermentation and education about post-harvest online marketing in Sikepan Hamlet, it is necessary to do it. KKN students, assisted by Field Supervisory Lecturers, carry out community service programs that interact with the community. The KKN-PPM program is beneficial for residents in carrying out livestock feed fermentation, providing technical training to enable farmers to do what they need. Besides that, with online marketing training, mothers and adolescents can sell their products smartly.
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Subic, Jonel, Zorica Vasiljevic, and Sanjin Ivanovic. "Educational projects – support for development of tourism and rural areas in Serbia." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, no. 1-2 (July 30, 2010): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/9.
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The paper presents three mini-projects that have been implemented by The Institute of Agricultural Economics – Belgrade in the 2006–2008 period. Those were special educational projects in agriculture and rural development, whereas extension activities were concentrated onto three topics: farm management, support of rural development and improvement of small farms. Implementation of projects took place on the territory of the South Banat County and some Belgrade city communes. The projects intended to solve current problems of sustainable agriculture and rural development. Within the projects there were identified priorities related to investments, strategic planning and tourism. Educational activities were aimed at a number of holders or members of their registered farms. Dynamics of the projects' implementation included introduction and discussion with a number of farmers, formation of small groups, preparation and making of materials, a series of theoretical lectures and determination of the joint work results. Education programs are aiming at improvement of the farm holders' knowledge in the field of business and management. Specific objectives of training are to increase sales of goods and services at domestic and foreign market, to increase competitiveness in a particular market, to achieve higher profits, to create new jobs and improve living conditions in rural areas. Evaluation of projects was related to determination of level, to which there were achieved set objectives, then to define implementation of projects in accordance with the plan, as well as to determine an impact of educational activities to promotion of knowledge concerning business and management.