Journal articles: 'Agricultural innovations – Economic aspects – Malawi'

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KAIDAROVA, L. K., SH ZH RAKHMETULLINA, and U. KERIMOVA. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION." Problems of AgriMarket 4 (December 15, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.08.

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The theoretical and practical directions of development of ecological agriculture in the country are justified, based on the idea of closed cycle, which corresponds to ecological and economic principles. The works of domestic and foreign scientists on this issue were studied. The main economic indicators of agricultural production on the example of Pavlodar region were analyzed: dynamics of gross output of agricultural sector; the number of operating agricultural enterprises and peasant (private) farms; distribution of the land fund by land categories. Information on violation of environmental legislation in the field of land resources protection and on the volume of waste in the industry is provided. The problems that hinder the implementation of the main provisions of greening of production activities in agro-industrial complex are identified. Summarizing the arguments of domestic and foreign scientists, the need to develop and implement the mechanism of functioning of agricultural entities is shown, which is based on the use of secondary resources, implementation of which in the future will allow, using comprehensive analysis of the used technologies, to modernize the production capacities of processing enterprises, implementing the principle of minimizing waste, ensuring expansion of the market for environmenttally friendly products. Models of rational production are shown: outsourcing and in sourcing. Measures of public support for the use of environmental innovations, environmental insurance, public-private partnership instruments, strengthening control over compliance with the principles of rational environmental management, economic incentives for agricultural producers are proposed.

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Kaidarova, L. K., SH ZH Rakhmetullina, and U. Kerimova. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.08.

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The theoretical and practical directions of development of ecological agriculture in the country are justified, based on the idea of closed cycle, which corresponds to ecological and economic principles. The works of domestic and foreign scientists on this issue were studied. The main economic indicators of agricultural production on the example of Pavlodar region were analyzed: dynamics of gross output of agricultural sector; the number of operating agricultural enterprises and peasant (private) farms; distribution of the land fund by land categories. Information on violation of environmental legislation in the field of land resources protection and on the volume of waste in the industry is provided. The problems that hinder the implementation of the main provisions of greening of production activities in agro-industrial complex are identified. Summarizing the arguments of domestic and foreign scientists, the need to develop and implement the mechanism of functioning of agricultural entities is shown, which is based on the use of secondary resources, implementation of which in the future will allow, using comprehensive analysis of the used technologies, to modernize the production capacities of processing enterprises, implementing the principle of minimizing waste, ensuring expansion of the market for environmenttally friendly products. Models of rational production are shown: outsourcing and in sourcing. Measures of public support for the use of environmental innovations, environmental insurance, public-private partnership instruments, strengthening control over compliance with the principles of rational environmental management, economic incentives for agricultural producers are proposed.

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Nikishyn, Yevhen. "ASPECTS OF THE DIFFUSION THEORY OF INNOVATIONS AND LOGISTISATION OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(2) (2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.02.049.

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The article is devoted to theoretical aspects of diffusion of innovations, as the conditions of logistics of the agro industrial complex of Ukraine. The concept of innovation-economic niche as a separate system with the potential of making innovations, the development of which creates competitive advantages, is formulated. New types of diffusion are classified on the basis of decision-making mechanisms by innovators. The diffusion models are considered, the descriptions of specific features of the behaviour of the dissemination of innovations in the reaction-diffusion structure are studied and made taking into account the system-regulatory factors. The principle of informational conditionality of economic phenomena as the basis of distribution of diffusion is formulated. The existence of a cascade effect in the diffusion of basic innovations has been determined; the necessity of the accompanying innovations has been substantiated. The causal relationship between the influence of system-regulatory factors on diffusion, the emergence of a cascade effect, the formation of clusters of innovations and the general influence on the Kondratiev cycles have been investigated.

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Mgomezulu, Wisdom Richard, Abdi-Khalil Edriss, and Kennedy Machila. "Impact of Gliricidia Fertilizer Tree Technology on Smallholder Farmers Economic Livelihood in Malawi: Case of Kasungu District." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p162.

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Agriculture plays a huge role in farmer’s livelihoods in Africa. With the adverse effect of climate change on agricultural productivity, developing agricultural technologies that are adaptive to climate change is one of the perquisites for agricultural development. Gliricidia intercropping is one of the climate smart agricultural innovations; that is being promoted by most researchers. Gliricidia intercropping has many benefits. Despite evidence of such benefits, there exists some missing literature on the impact of Gliricidia intercropping on farmer’s economic livelihoods. The study used cross sectional data collected by ICRAF in Kasungu district which sampled 406 households and employed a Propensity Score Matching method to analyze the effect of Gliricidia intercropping on smallholder farmer’s incomes. Results showed that among the observable factors used to match participants and non-participants, hired labour, age, education level, soil type, perception of soil fertility and access to extension services significantly affected participation in Gliricidia intercropping. The Average Treatment Effect on the Treated showed that Gliricidia intercropping improves the economic livelihoods of farmers by increasing household monthly income by MWK 38,565.83 ($54) at 1 percent significant level. The study went further to conduct sensitivity analysis using the Rosenbaum bounds, and found that unobserved heterogeneity has to increase the odds ratio of participating in Gliricidia intercropping by 10-60 percent before it can negate the estimated ATT. The study then recommends promoting the adoption of Gliricidia intercropping by capitalizing on the factors that influence participation or adoption of Gliricidia intercropping in order to improve smallholder farmers’ incomes and hence their livelihoods.

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Pulatov, Alim, Dušan Húska, Davran Abdullaev, and Darya Hirsch. "Reforms in Rural Development and their Influence on Agricultural Extension of Uzbekistan: Experience and Challenges in Water Management." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2016-0001.

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Abstract Nowadays science applies agricultural innovations in a wide range all over the world; however, number of water users in innovations is in smaller amounts. This might happen to a number of factors, for example lack of adequate knowledge exchange system, nominal extension services at places, lack of well-defined policies, barriers in ‘human’ minds change’, barriers at policy level. As for Uzbekistan, it could be said that practice of extension of innovations application and its diffusion in agricultural irrigation sector in Uzbekistan does not have much experience, however, before 1991 Uzbekistan was one of the Soviet Unions’ republics and as it is known, the Soviet Union had high practice in innovations in different sectors, as well as in agriculture. Although, since independence, Uzbekistan has continued to experience innovations in agricultural sector independently, their diffusion is at a challenging shape. This article captures the policy issue, how Uzbekistan started to develop water management issues in its economic reforms, it describes a case research on application of innovative technique on a farm level and accordingly, it tries to propose the aspects that need to be involved in future reforms to make the current situation be better managed.

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Dimitrijević, Dragan. "Theses for new strategies of development of textile and clothing industry: Part 2." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 1 (2021): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2101036d.

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An important element of the policy of development and modernization of each country is the establishment of a program of balanced long-term development, which must be complementary with strategic priorities and national characteristics, as well as the real state and prospects of technical and technological development of science and industry. Therefore, manufacturing entrepreneurship today, would have to combine scientific research activities, education sector and public administration with production, in order to ensure efficient acquisition of new knowledge and skills, along the generation and production-economic valorization of innovations and diffusion and implementation of technical-technological innovations and new technologies, with priority reliance on ICT (information and communication technologies). It is obvious that sustainable competitiveness, in times of general and business globalization, is no longer in quantitative-qualitative aspects of production, but in new elements of production specialization, adequate and timely implementation of technical-technological innovations, in organizational innovations, in the way cluster business and in global efficiency, as well as in close and flexible connection of design, planning, production technologies and production, with the possibility of quick response (JustInTime and QuickResponseSystem) to the changes required by the market. That is why today the issue of redefining the way of work and business of textile/clothing industry companies is more than current, in fact the issue of redefining the strategic programs of economic development of developing countries.

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Waskitojati, Damar, Daniel Kameo, and Pamerdi G. Wiloso. "CHALLENGES TO THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY WITHIN A SUBSISTENCE SOCIETY : AN ANALYSIS OF THE “REVOLUTIONARY AGRICULTURAL POLICY” IN SOUTH WESTERN SUMBA." Agric 31, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2019.v31.i2.p158-175.

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Employing a qualitative approach, this study attempts a critical investigation into the Kebijakan Revolusi Pertanian, ie. The Revolutionary Agricultural Policy, as it was developed by the Regional Government of South-western Sumba. During the years 2014-2019 it aimed to raise the agricultural economy, and thereby overcome the problem of poverty. The data for this research was procured through personal observation and deep interviews with sources such as key informants within the regional environment. These were reinforced with a number of planning documents and executive programs which comprise a secondary resource. The analysis of the Policy is done taking into account the relevant political, economic, technological and social aspects (PETS analysis), as well the innovations occurring during the course of this Policy. This study will demonstrate that the Policy has been, at least till now, incapable of having a significant impact on the agricultural economy, or the efforts to overcome poverty. The causes of this failure is the antagonism between the characteristics of the subsistence society found there and the weak institutional application of the policies employed.

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Gremmen, Bart, Vincent Blok, and Bernice Bovenkerk. "Responsible Innovation for Life: Five Challenges Agriculture Offers for Responsible Innovation in Agriculture and Food, and the Necessity of an Ethics of Innovation." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32, no. 5-6 (October 18, 2019): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-019-09808-w.

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Abstract In this special issue we will investigate, from the perspective of agricultural ethics (e.g. animal welfare, agricultural and food ethics, environmental ethics etc.) the potential to develop a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approach to agriculture, and the limitations to such an enterprise. RRI is an emerging field in the European research and innovation (R&I) policy context that aims to balance economic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects in innovation processes. Because technological innovations can contribute significantly to the solution of societal challenges like climate change or food security, but can also have negative societal consequences, it is assumed that social and ethical aspects should be considered during the R&I process. For this reason, the emerging concept of RRI calls for ethical reflection on the nature, scope and applicability of responsibility and innovation in innovation practices in general, and the way social–ethical issues can be applied and addressed in agriculture.

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ZHITIN, Ruslan Magometovich. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE LARGE LANDLORD ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF TAMBOV GOVERNORATE IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 175 (2018): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-175-149-156.

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The social and economic features of the large estates development in the Tambov Governorate in the late 19th are examined. The class composition of the latifundists, the social and economic development features of their estates are considered. The source for the work are materials describing the major Tambov estates, “Digest of Statistical Data on the Tambov Governorate”. On the basis of the socio-economic development of the estates, the data system “Large Estates of the Tambov Governorate in the Late 19th Century” is compiled, which allows to generalize information on 489 latifundia of the Tambov Governorate. The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of studying the most successful forms of social and economical pre-revolutionary modernization of the post-reform agricultural sector. In the post-reform period it was the entrepreneurial activity of latifundia that was the source of new forms of rationalism and enterprise, social and industrial innovations. The study of sources makes it possible to generalize the territorial features of the concentration of latifundia in the region, to elucidate the reasons for the economic stability of the latifundia in the region, to determine the specific features of the industrial structure of the economic complexes of the Tambov estates, and to consider the most common methods of land use. The study of the industrial modernization of the latifundia is supplemented by a study of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the composition of local wage workers. The qualifications and shortcomings of the professions that were formed in privately owned farms were determined. Synthesis of material for a nu mber of farms shows that the economic success of large owners was largely due to the widely practiced use of a qualified administration and the involvement of agricultural hiring.

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Juríčková, Zuzana, Zuzana Kapsdorferová, and Mária Kadlečíková. "The Recent Development Trends in Management of Agricultural Holdings." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 6 (2018): 1509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866061509.

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The aim of this scientific paper is to present recent development trends in the management of agricultural holdings in the Slovak Republic. Furthermore, the objective is to identify new trends in managerial competencies, the factors that represent key conditions for the business success of agricultural holdings, respectively the obstacles to increased competitiveness, and identify new trends in the utilization of progressive methods, techniques, tools and approaches to management. Several research hypotheses and scientific assumptions were set related to the purpose of the scientific contribution. Mathematical and statistical methods were applied for the statistical testing of the hypothesis – nonparametric tests. The results of a questionnaire survey were used as a source of data and this involved 96 top managers employed in agricultural holdings in the Slovak Republic. Stemming up from the results of our survey, managers among the others tools apply outsourcing (46, 88 %), diversification (92, 71 %) and information technologies (56, 99 %). The results confirm that although managerial approaches and methods have changed significantly as a result of multiple socio‑political and economic transformations, managers need to pay greater attention to environmental aspects, to transfer of innovations and to project management and knowledge management.

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Tsybulska, S., N. Hradovych, and R. Paraniak. "Scientific and practical aspects of land use optimization in the agrosphere." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 93 (September 30, 2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9316.

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The article presents modern literature data on the need to improve the development of agricultural lands, taking into account the current state of agriculture. Paying attention to this issue requires special attention, as it has acquired not only theoretical but also practical significance. Intensification of negative tendencies of anthropogenic influence on edaphotope lead to a number of ecological crises of global character. We analyzed the state of land use of Lviv region and reflected the main problems of land use optimization. The dynamics of changes that took place in the structure of the land fund by types of lands is shown. An extremely important component of sustainable development of society is the quality of life provided by the continuous development of environmental innovations. The destruction of the structure of the edaphotope of the region causes the emergence and development of environmental crises and catastrophes. Preservation of high potential and quality functioning of edaphos requires changes to the constant effective maintenance of balance, which should be based on the principles of sustainable harmonious development and rationalization of land resources. In terms of regions of aridity coefficients according to research, it can be argued that natural and climatic conditions have a direct impact on the efficiency of agricultural production. Such results require a review of technologies, their modernization and the development of recommendations for their adaptation. Resource-saving land use of new territorial entities in the post-reform period includes two factors – economic and environmental. For proper organization and optimization of land holdings, it is advisable to create agro-landscapes with a clearly planned structure, which should take into account the ratio of functional-territorial orientation, economic assessment and environmental safety. This means that the main and main goal of harmonious targeted use should take into account a number of indicators of the land use system, which requires special attention to agroecosystems in the interdependent close development of environmental and economic aspects. No less important is the environmental factor of land use, as further ignoring it can create economic collapse. In this regard, the most important requirement of the time is the development, improvement and widespread implementation of resource- and energy-saving, environmentally friendly farming systems. Ecological tolerance of certain territories of land resources should be laid down in the process of designing land management developments, paying special attention to the properties of landscape ecosystems, taking into account adjacent land plots. In particular, in order to preserve the balance of agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to implement a set of preventive measures.

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Romanov, Boris M. "Innovations in Landlord Economy in the 1830–50s: Based on Materials from the Baryshnikovs Fond in the State Archive of the Smolensk Region." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2020): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-505-515.

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The study of innovations in the landlord economy of pre-reform Russia is of particular relevance under the modern conditions while modernizing national production and searching for a breakthroughs in science and business. This study is of interdisciplinary nature, since, on the one hand, it touches upon historical issues related to the development of landlord economy in the 1830–50s; on the other hand, upon economic issues of production activities. The author uses documents of the richest personal provenance fond of the Baryshnikovs from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region, which includes over 15,000 items and covers almost two centuries in the history of this noble family. Along with documents originating from government agencies, Empress Catherine II, and the Senate, the fond contains records of service, descriptions and plans of the Baryshnikovs’ estates, land-surveying books, account books, bills of sale, landlords instructions to stewards, reports from bureaus of estates, information on crops and harvests, livestock and its productivity. Having analyzed archival documents, the author identifies innovations in the landowner economy of the Baryshnikovs, follows their implementation, and draws a number of conclusions: (1) in the last decades of the pre-reform era, the landlords tried to increase profitability of their estates by introducing more productive varieties of grain, grass sowing, new agricultural machinery, breeding livestock and its good maintenance, acquiring new equipment; (2) in introducing innovations, landowners relied more on luck than on calculations, risk identification and reduction; (3) the innovations had a significant impact on the development of landlord economy, but required significant financial investments, careful planning, and skilled workers. The study reveals one of the more important aspects of the daily economic life of the Russian provincial nobility on the eve of the Great Reforms of Alexander II.

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Іhnatenko, Mykola. "Estimation of level and efficiency of agricultural enterprises social responsibility." University Economic Bulletin, no. 42 (June 19, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-7-12.

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The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation and evaluation of social responsibility of agrarian enterprises. The purpose of the work is to identify, assess and analyze the level and effectiveness of implementing social responsibility of agrarian enterprises and justify the directions, sources, means of increasing its volumes and distribution. Methodological basis of the article became as general scientific, and special methods of scientific knowledge. Methods were used: dialectical, monographic, historical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, problem and program-target approaches, statistical-economic, economic-mathematical, surveys. Results of work. The article reveals features of social responsibility of domestic agrarian enterprises in terms of content, structure and dynamics. An assessment and analysis of its level, causes and risks of mass distribution have been made. Proved suggestions on its growth and efficiency increase. The field of application of results. Conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational-scientific process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. It is expedient to transfer them for practical use to agrarian enterprises, public organizations, rural communities. Conclusions. In the course of the research carried out, significant polarization was found in the effectiveness of development and social responsibility of large and small subjects of agrosphere management, which requires urgent solution to this problem. Indeed, small agricultural formations are understood not only as commodity producers, but they are the basis for the formation of the middle class in the countryside, promote employment and increase the well-being of the population. Therefore, large agribusiness should carry out social responsibility, supporting them, in particular, in the form of commodity lending, sale of finished goods, use of production capacities, development of cooperative and integration processes, and the introduction of innovations.

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Voloschuk, Kateryna, Vitalii Voloshchuk, and Andrii Katsan. "Investment attractiveness and development opportunities of agricultural enterprises." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.1-2.21.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is theoretical substantiation of the essence of investment attractiveness, analysis of trends and identification of opportunities for further development of agro-industrial enterprises. Methodology of research. General and special methods are used during the research, in particular: monographic and systematic analysis – to substantiate the essence of investment attractiveness and to determine the possibilities of further development of agro-industrial enterprises; abstract and logical and graphic – in forming the conceptual bases for investing in the development of enterprises. Findings. The essence of investing in the development of enterprises as a system of actions to attract real and potential internal and external investment resources, sources, levers and measures, taking into account the institutional and factor influence on the given course of investment processes in the short, medium and long term, is determined on the basis of generalization of scientific approaches which leads to qualitative, quantitative and structural changes in the production and economic activity of agro-industrial enterprises on an innovative basis, achieving a high result in the case of coordination and consolidation of efforts of business structures and bodies of state power and local self-government, solving problems and prioritizing investments by the nature of strategic orientation. The necessity of providing investment development of enterprises is considered taking into account the influence of peculiarities of investing material, intangible and bioactive assets on an innovative basis, which determine the scientific theoretical and methodological approaches and applied aspects, strategic importance of the basic and life-supporting branch of the national economy. The rating positions of the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the international studies of the economic development of the countries are revealed as rather weak and not the best. However, at the same time, it is revealed that Ukraine has significant investment and human potential, the effective use of which may be a prerequisite for gradual enhancement of the country's international competitiveness in world rankings. We believe that global international rankings should be seen as additional tools for making investment decision. It is determined that at present the most pressing problem for foreign investors remains the protection of their rights and the ability (easiness) of doing business. Therefore, the efforts of the state should be directed to solving problems in the commercial sphere and forming a favourable business environment, increasing investment in the agricultural sector, stabilizing sources and optimizing capital structures, ensuring efficient distribution of investments in the formation of assets of agricultural producers by their size. Originality. The definition of the essence of investing in the development of agro-industrial enterprises has been further developed; the scheme of conceptual bases for ensuring the investment attractiveness and opportunities for further development has been formed, taking into account the impact of the current global economic recession. Practical value. The results of the study can be used to expand the base, diversify sources and increase the volume of investment with the introduction of the land market, in the process of creating and commercializing innovations and activation of innovative development of agro-industrial enterprises, the main priorities of which should be the realization of internal production factors. Key words: investments, innovations, development, enterprise, attractiveness, commercialization, efficiency.

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Shogentsukova, Zalina Kh, and Ali Kh Shogentsukov. "Digital aspects of management of the agro-industrial complex of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022201012.

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The article is devoted to the study of digital and innovative management mechanisms of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. These mechanisms can act as a significant stimulus for the development of the industry, allowing to take into account the achievements and modern trends in technology and science, which is especially important in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The use of digital technologies and innovations in the agro-industrial complex of Russia are a competitive advantage both in the development of the production process of an agricultural enterprise and in improving the management efficiency of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, with the help of the digital transformation of agriculture in Russia, the industry is being modified into a high-tech and competitive one not only at the national level, but also in the international capital markets. The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation must be viewed from the position of state regulation since the digitalization of the industry also requires improving the mechanisms of state support for the introduction of digital technologies into the industry. The study of the digital aspects of agro-industrial complex management allows us to generalize the existing developments and build a mechanism for the digital transformation of agriculture. It is the use of digital and innovative mechanisms in the agro-industrial complex that makes it possible to manage the processes of the influence of climatic, natural, and other factors on agriculture. The seasonality of agricultural production is an inhibiting factor in the development of the industry. In addition, the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex makes it possible not only to increase the efficiency of management and production processes but also to create conditions for the functioning of new economic models using modern technologies.

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C, Sagunthala, and Sukesh R. "Information technology and knowledge management to improve theindian agribusinesssupply chain." Journal of Management and Science 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2016.29.

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Indian agriculture is a complex enterprise involving millions of small and marginal farmers. Agriculture in India is the most important sector for food security and socio-economic development. Agriculture accounted for about 18 per cent of the GDP and employed about 50% of the country’s population. As agriculture has become more complex, farmers’ access to reliable, timely, and relevant information has become increasingly important. Farmers require access to more varied, multisource and context-specific information, related not only to best practices and technologies for crop production and weather, but also to information about post-harvest aspects, including processing, marketing, storage, and handling. An effective agricultural knowledge management system with effective Information Technologycan trigger continuous innovations in overall development of agriculture. Information Technology can revolutionize Indian farming sector and can benefit all farmers, including small land holders, marginalized and poor farmers.This article attempts to express the current status ofthe infrastructure with respect to the use of information technology in agriculture and study the importance of knowledge management and information technology in agricultural infrastructure on agriculturesupply chain.

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Benedict, Shajulin, and Michael Gerndt. "Introduction to the Special Issue on IoT Cloud Solutions for Societal Applications." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 20, no. 3 (September 22, 2019): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v20i3.1323.

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Addressing societal problems such as air pollution, water contamination, corruption, healthcare management, agricultural assistance, and so forth has increased in the recent past using several highend technologies, including IoT cloud. In fact, innovations have become the key factor of economic growth in several developing and developed countries. For instance, Atal Innovation Mission of India has promoted innovations that addresses the needs of the society through IoT cloud based technologies at AIC-IIITKottayam; TUM-Germany and several top ranked universities across the globe have driven the research or product developments targeting the benefits of the society – energy, healthcare, agriculture, economic health, and so forth. Existing IoT based societal applications require a large volume of data for the analysis; a secure environment for handling data (either in the cloud or edge environments); and, a diligent planning while handling heterogeneous devices on federated cloud environments. In fact, scalability of cloud resources is the backbone for IoT cloud environments, while edge computing is required for short response times. Many IoT applications are based on automatic decision making applying machine learning on huge data sets and thus, these techniques influenced a large group of researchers in the IoT cloud domain. This special issue on “IoT Cloud Solutions for Societal Applications” discusses security aspects and a decision making in IoT applications. Syed et al discuss IoT security requirements, challenges, and in the context of smart cities, smart health, smart building, smart transport, and smart industry applications; Naveen et al have carried out a theoretical evaluation using spacio-temporal distance networks in a deep learning network in order to perform the action recognition tasks in IoT environments.

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Petrenko, N. А., M. А. Gomeniuk, and Yu Р. Mazur. "Management of innovative projects of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of digitalization." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 97 (December 28, 2020): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-2-88-98.

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Digitalization is an element that can significantly affect the quality and efficiency of planning and managing processes in the agricultural sector. The purpose of the implementation of processes in the economic activity of agricultural enterprises is a gradual profitability increase and increase of the investment attractiveness of the industry as a whole. Given the abovementioned, the topic of managing innovative projects of agricultural enterprises in the context of digitalization seems quite relevant and requires the research for innovative solutions. The purpose of the article is to study the key aspects of managing innovative projects of agricultural enterprises in the context of digitalization. During the study have been used theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge, such as: abstract-logical, method of system-structural analysis and modeling, systematization and critical analysis, scientific generalization, abstraction and structural-logical analysis, etc. During the study, the factors that impact the development and dissemination of the concept of innovation project management have been identified. The toolkit for evaluation the level of readiness of enterprises to implement innovative projects in the direction of digitalization of business operations has been identified. The mechanism of realization of the innovative project on digitalization of economic activity of the agricultural enterprises has been developed. A characteristic feature of the proposed mechanism for the implementation of an innovative project for digitalization of agricultural enterprises which is based on the principles of open design approach is the use of combined technical and management tools at different stages of this project. As a result, it is stated that the set of design and management decisions formed during the study will contribute to the implementation of a transitive approach, which will lead to the introduction of novelties in the use of informative innovations in agriculture in the conditions of digital economy, and a set of the proposed complex-technological projects will create the necessary impetus to bring agriculture to European standards within the framework of the adaptive and progressive concept of digitalization of the given sector of the economy.

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Muñoz-Concha, Diego, Ximena Quiñones, Juan Pablo Hernández, and Sebastián Romero. "Chili Pepper Landrace Survival and Family Farmers in Central Chile." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101541.

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Chili pepper is produced by family farmers in central Chile incorporating modern technologies and maintaining traditional practices. Although chili pepper is deeply rooted in the local culture, the agricultural system supporting its production and the germplasm involved are poorly studied. This work focused on two main landraces lacking information about what features (agronomic, morphological and chemical) distinguish them and how distinct they are. It is also of high importance to deepen our understanding of the agricultural system and the aspects that may affect its sustainability. An integrated approach was applied for the evaluation of social characteristics of farmers, the growing system, morphological traits, and selected chemical components. Between landraces, flower and fruit morphology was clearly distinct. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and total carotenoid content showed higher values in fruits of cacho de cabra than in chileno negro. Both landraces had a higher total phenolic content than other Capsicum cultivars in the world. Farmers ascribe distinct attributes for the landraces regarding agronomic performance, fruit quality and processing applications. Characteristics that may affect the sustainability of the agricultural system are small farm size, relatives working as employees, and low farmers’ educational attainment. The study landraces are distinct and represent unique genetic material produced in an agricultural system facing important challenges where farmers have adapted to socio-economic pressures, externalizing plant production, reducing harvest costs, and developing innovations in product and marketing.

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García, Sergio C., William J. Fulkerson, Ruth Nettle, Sean Kenny, and Daniel Armstrong. "FutureDairy: a national, multidisciplinary project to assist dairy farmers to manage future challenges - methods and early findings." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 9 (2007): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06064.

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FutureDairy is a national, multidisciplinary project designed to assist Australian dairy farmers to manage future challenges. FutureDairy is exploring technical, economic and social aspects of technology adoption through an innovative approach that combines methodologies of social research (‘People’), extension (‘System’) and technical research (‘Science’). The technologies being investigated revolve around increasing forage production per unit of land through a complementary forage rotation; evaluating the most efficient use of brought-in feed to increase milk production per ha; and, the incorporation of automatic milking and other technological innovations that would either reduce labour input or allow more precise agriculture. The central strategy of FutureDairy is to utilise ‘knowledge partnerships’ to co-develop knowledge around each of the key areas of investigation; thus a key feature of the project is its linkage with commercial ‘partner’ farmers that explore similar questions to those being investigated at Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (NSW Department of Primary Industries), where the technical research is being undertaken. This paper focuses on early findings from the forages module. Work thus far has shown that forage yields in excess of 40 t DM/ha.year are achievable. However, the practicalities of implementing this technology on-farm have already identified new and diverse issues that, unless understood, will jeopardise its effective adaptation by farmers.

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Batubara, Yenni. "Agricultural Commodity Zakat: Aspects of the Determination of 'Illat Law and Maṣlahah'." Al Hurriyah : Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/alhurriyah.v6i1.2696.

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Nowadays, agricultural commodities are experiencing rapid growth and development with new agricultural innovations such as grafted plants and cross-breeding plants to more modern agriculture, namely hydroponics. This condition causes the agricultural products able to increase the income of farmers significantly. Agricultural products in Islamic law are one type of property that is obligatory for zakat. However, the arguments governing agricultural zakat only mention some agricultural products that are obligatory on zakat, including Jawawud, Wheat, Dates, and Raisins, so some agricultural commodities are out of the reach in these arguments, so there are no legal provisions. This research aims to see how to determine the legal provisions of zakat on agricultural or plantation commodities. This research is using literature studies method. The results of this study indicate that the product of agricultural commodities that have high economic value are qiyās on the types of fruits and grains that are obligatory for zakat, mentioned in the arguments of the Al-Qur' ān and Sunnah with various characteristics, and the functions it has, so that the provisions of agricultural zakat can be applied in issuing zakat on agricultural commodities. Then in terms of maslahah and maqasid shari'ah, the obligation of zakat on agricultural commodities can help fulfill the needs of the poor in particular, and mustahik zakat in general.<div> Komoditas pertanian dewasa ini mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang sangat pesat dengan inovasi pertanian yang baru seperti tanaman cangkok, tanaman hasil perkawinan silang hingga pertanian yang lebih modern yaitu hidroponik. Di mana hasil pertanian tersebut mampu meningkatkan penghasilan para petani secara signifikan. Hasil pertanian dalam hukum Islam adalah salah satu jenis harta yang wajib zakat. Tetapi, dali-dalil yang mengatur tentang zakat pertanian hanya menyebutkan beberapa hasil pertanian yang wajib zakat diantaranya, Jawawud, Gandum, Kusrma dan Kismis, maka secara tidak langsung hasil komoditas pertanian tidak tersentuh sama sekali di dalam dalil tersebut sehingga tidak ada ketetapan hukumnya. Tujuan dari penlitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana penentuan ketentuan hukum dari zakat hasil komoditas pertanian atau perkebunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi literatur. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil komoditas pertanian yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi di-qiyās-kan pada jenis buah-buahan dan biji-bijian wajib zakat yang disebutkan dalam dalil-dalil al-Qur’ān dan Sunnah dengan berbagai sifat dan fungsi yang dimilikinya, sehingga ketentuan-ketentuan zakat pertanian dapat diberlakukan dalam mengeluarkan zakat hasil komoditas pertanian. Kemudian dilihat dari segi maslahah dan maqāṣid syarī’ah, kewajiban zakat komoditas pertanian dapat membantu terpenuhinya kebutuhan fakir miskin khususnya, dan mustahik zakat pada umunya. </div>

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Vitkovskyi, Yurii. "Features of innovative potential formation of agricultural business subjects in the system of their investment activity." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-4-8.

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Introduction. In the process of introducing models of strategic management of innovation and investment potential of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to analyze the influence of external factors and internal capabilities of the enterprise. This helps to identify the most favorable directions of innovative development of the agricultural entity. The purpose of scientific research is to develop theoretical aspects of the innovative potential for-mation of agricultural business entities in the system of their investment activity. Results. It is established that the use of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of innovative capabilities of agricultural sector subjects without defined criteria hinders the organizational and economic mechanism of choosing innovative investment models and strategies. It has been determined that the dy-namics of investment provision is a basic parameter of reproduction processes. The tasks of investments are highlighted, the fulfillment of which is provided by the reproductive function. The lack of innovative potential of the majority of domestic agricultural enterprises is revealed. It is established that the innova-tive potential of the enterprise characterizes its investment attractiveness. The expediency of considering innovative potential in the system of other types of enterprise potentials is substantiated. It is determined that the research of innovative potential should take into account possible investment cycles in the enter-prise activity. The main factors of investment potential development of economic entities are given. The investment environment is characterized as the volume and structure of mobilized and used potential or real investment funds from internal and external sources of formation. The main task of investment poten-tial accumulation in enterprises is determined. The criteria are characterized, on which the formation of investment potential will depend. The conditions are identified that contribute to the growth of innovation potential. The features of investments implementation into innovations are characterized. The main tasks of monitoring of innovative potential are defined. The state of the organizational component of investment potential at modern domestic agricultural enterprises has been analyzed. Conclusions. The innovative potential development of domestic enterprises of the agricultural sec-tor is the key to their successful activity. Managing the investment potential formation is a key task for the strategic development of agricultural entities. Keywords: economic potential, innovation potential, investment, agricultural enterprise, invest-ment attractiveness, investment cycle.

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Abeywardana, Nuwan, Brigitta Schütt, Thusitha Wagalawatta, and Wiebke Bebermeier. "Indigenous Agricultural Systems in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka: Management Transformation Assessment and Sustainability." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030910.

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The tank-based irrigated agricultural system in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka is one of the oldest historically evolved agricultural systems in the world. The main component of the system consists of a connected series of man-made tanks constructed in shallow valleys to store, convey and utilize water for paddy cultivation. Up to 10,000 tanks originating from the heydays of ancient kingdoms are still integrated in the current agricultural landscape. During the last two millennia, this indigenous system has undergone many changes in technological, management and socio-cultural norms. This research aimed to analyze the current management practices and existing indigenous aspects of the Dry Zone irrigated agricultural system from the viewpoint of farmers who are the main stakeholders of the system. Altogether, 49 semi-structured interviews were conducted in seven villages in the Anuradhapura district and a detailed survey was conducted in the village of Manewa with a mixed research approach. The basic elements of the indigenous landscape, agricultural practices and management structures based on Farmer Organizations were mapped and examined in detail. The analysis of results shows that the sustainability of the indigenous agricultural system is vulnerable to rapid changes due to modernization, market changes, education levels, and inconsistent management decisions. The case study demonstrates the value of preserving indigenous agricultural systems and the negative outcomes of current management interventions that neglect the indigenous system. Therefore, careful interventions and innovations are needed to adapt the tank-based indigenous agricultural system of the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka so as to preserve ecological and socio-economic sustainability.

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Marmul, Larisa, Liudmyla Levaieva, and Natalya Runcheva. "Investment in environmentalization and comprehensive programs for development of the grain industry." University Economic Bulletin, no. 46 (September 1, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-31-37.

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The subject of the research is theoretical aspects and practical developments on greening investment and targeted programs for the development of the grain industry. The purpose of the work is to determine the sources, tools, methods and mechanisms for investing in the greening of grain production and comprehensive programs for its development to determine the effectiveness of measures. The methodological basis of the article was both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Methods were used: monographic, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical-economic, economic-mathematical, problem-target approach. Results of work. The sources of investment inflows are identified and the decisive role of state regulation in this process is indicated. The programs of investment activity are developed and its effects for development of branch of grain production are defined. The field of application of results. The conclusions and results received in the article should be used in the educational and scientific process of economic faculties of universities, in the work of agricultural enterprises of grain specialization, in the activities of rural communities, district departments of agriculture. Conclusions. Solving the problems of investing in the development of the grain industry on an innovative basis and with the use of mechanisms and tools should be carried out on the basis of a clear coordinating framework, which allowed the use of research in related fields, to ensure the process of phased innovation. Given the low solvency of a large number of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, the task of state importance is to create the most favorable climate for attracting investment in this area of activity. This can be done through the introduction of preferential taxation, funding for basic research, the creation of information and advisory services to inform the public about innovations in the industry, their promotion in the market and availability for mass use.

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Brytvienko, Anatasiya. "Implementation of innovations in oil and fat production." University Economic Bulletin, no. 42 (June 19, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-49-58.

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Relevance of the research topic. Since competition and innovation are interrelated, at the current stage of development of the Ukrainian economy the problem of increasing the profitability and competitiveness of sunflower seed production based on the development of innovative processes in the industry remains highly relevant. Those producers of sunflower seeds, who were the first to apply innovations, have the opportunity to reduce the cost of manufactured products, which contributes to strengthening their position in a competitive environment and increasing their survival in the modern market. Formulation of the problem. The downturn of business activity, the domestic economy is experiencing, is usually accompanied by a decrease in the cost of developing innovations. However, an analysis of the activities of large firms, especially in oligopolistic markets, both high-tech and less technologically advanced, shows that for many of them the development of innovation retains its priority value even during periods of unfavorable economic conditions. This allows you to achieve strategic advantages, enter new markets and consolidate positions in the industry after the end of the crisis. Selection of unexplored parts of a common problem. The oil and fat complex represents a wide range of products, the use of new technologies, a high level of profitability and competitiveness, the attraction of foreign deposits, and an orientation towards the export of raw materials. Investment in the development of oil-producing enterprises, entrenched in the market, in fact creates additional natural barriers to their entry into the market, which leads to a change in the concentration and degree of competitiveness and provokes the emergence of new phenomena that require further research. Statement of the problem, the objectives of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the theoretical aspects of innovation in the activities of agricultural enterprises of the oil and fat complex. The goal defines the following tasks: to consider the categories of enterprises, covers the oil and fat complex; provide a scheme for the extensive development of the industry; explore the basic conditions for the long-term development of the enterprise and consider a scheme for meeting prospective market needs; highlight the benefits of innovation; to substantiate the main trends and directions of development of innovation and investment activities of enterprises producing oil and fat products. Method or methodology of the study. The methodology of the study is to identify approaches to the definition of "innovation", to determine the totality of the methodological components of the appraisal apparatus and justify and highlight their advantages, given the logistics infrastructure of the oil and fat complex. The presentation of the main material (results). The categories of enterprises are considered, covers the oil and fat complex. The scheme of extensive development of the industry. A necessary condition for the long-term development of the enterprise has been described and a scheme for meeting prospective market needs has been considered. Highlighted the benefits of innovation, stimulate agricultural producers to introduce innovations. The logistics infrastructure of the oil and fat complex and the main trends and directions for the development of innovation and investment activities of manufacturing enterprises are presented. Domestic producers of oil and fat products should take into account the global development trends of the global oil and fat complex in the development of an innovation strategy plan, investing in new products, such as high-viscosity sunflower, rapeseed or soybean oil. The scope of the results. The results of the study can be used in the activities of agricultural enterprises producing oil and fat products, as well as in the work of firms representing the food industry. The presentation of the main material (results). The categories of enterprises are considered, covers the oil and fat complex. The scheme of extensive development of the industry. A necessary condition for the long-term development of the enterprise has been described and a scheme for meeting prospective market needs has been considered. Highlighted the benefits of innovation, stimulate agricultural producers to introduce innovations. The logistics infrastructure of the oil and fat complex and the main trends and directions for the development of innovation and investment activities of manufacturing enterprises are presented. Domestic producers of oil and fat products should take into account the global development trends of the global oil and fat complex in the development of an innovation strategy plan, investing in new products, such as high-viscosity sunflower, rapeseed or soybean oil. Conclusions according to the article. The consumption of “healthy” natural vegetable oils is increasing in the world, particularly in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. The current trends towards an increase in the volume and qualitative changes in the structure of consumption of edible vegetable oils and fats make it possible to predict the future shortage of them in both developed and developing countries. The constant growth of the global demand for edible vegetable oils creates the prerequisites for the activation of the search for new investment and innovative solutions by the subjects of this market. Domestic producers of oil and fat products should take into account the global development trends of the global oil and fat complex in the development of an innovation strategy plan, investing in new products, such as high-viscosity sunflower, rapeseed or soybean oil.

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UKIBAYEVA, Gulim Kabikenovna, Ainura Anatolyevna KOCHERBAYEVA, Gulnara Rapikovna TEMIRBAEVA, Gaukhar Amanzholovna DAUKENOVA, and Dana Sultankhanovna KURMANOVA. "Cluster Management Technologies as the Tendency for Development of the Agricultural Industry." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 5 (December 26, 2018): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.5(29).01.

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The relevance of creating clusters is due to the fact that there is a need to switch to an innovative type of development. To increase the competitiveness of products and introduce innovations into production, the cluster is defined as a system of interrelated forms of various agricultural enterprises. In most countries, cluster development policy is an organizational form of industrial integration. Effective functioning of clusters leads to economic growth and increased competitiveness of the region economy. The main goal of the work is to consider the possibility of introducing a cluster and make a forecast of its effectiveness for the agriculture of the Kyrgyz Republic, on the basis of the chosen methodology. To achieve the objectives of the work, the following tasks were set and accomplished: review the theoretical aspects of the issue under research, conducting a SWOT analysis of the Chui oblast from the point of view of developing an agro-industrial cluster in it, calculate the clustering coefficients, choose a model for calculating cluster implementation efficiency, and propose a scheme for forming an agro-industrial cluster. The ability to create a cluster is calculated using the synergistic effect method. Methods of logical, statistical analysis were also used. The calculations show that the cumulative effect of factors leads to increased opportunities to create a cluster, and possibly in the future, will contribute to the effective development of the region and its international expansion. It is also confirmed that with the introduction of the cluster, the speed of agricultural development in the region will increase. The expected results of the cluster work can be different and depend on the interests of the participants: authorities, enterprises, etc. One of the main estimated results of cluster implementation is the improvement of the region's trade business, stable increase in the level of exports, and import substitution. The creation of a cluster, in our opinion, will contribute to the overall growth of the country's economy, improving food security and exporting competitive products.

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Shoda, Shinya, Hiroo Nasu, Kohei Yamazaki, Natsuki Murakami, Geon-Ju Na, Sung-Mo Ahn, and Minoru Yoneda. "Dry or Wet? Evaluating the Initial Rice Cultivation Environment on the Korean Peninsula." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050929.

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The origins and development of rice cultivation are one of the most important aspects in studying agricultural and socio-economic innovations, as well as environmental change, in East Asian prehistory. In particular, whether wet or dry rice cultivation was conducted is an important consideration of its impact on societies and the environment across different periods and places. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of charred crop remains from archaeological sites dating from the Early Bronze Age (ca. 1.1 k BC) to the Proto-Three Kingdoms (ca. 0.4 k AD) was conducted to clarify: (1) if there were any shifts from dry to wet cultivation around 1500 years after rice adoption as previously hypothesized and (2) the difference in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values between rice and dry fields crops excavated from the same archaeological context to understand the cultivation environment. The result show that stable isotope values of charred rice grains have not changed significantly for around 1500 years. Moreover, rice possessed higher nitrogen stable isotope values than dry crops across all periods. While other potential factors could have influenced the 15N-enrichment of soils and crops, the most reasonable explanation is bacteriologic denitrification in anaerobic paddy soil where the rice was grown.

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Pershin, Sergey V., and Tatyana A. Pershina. "THE PROBLEM OF LABOR TRAINING AND INVOLVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN AGRICULTURAL WORK IN THE MORDOVIAN ASSR IN THE MIDDLE 1950s – IN THE MIDDLE 1960s." Economic History, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.043.014.201804.390-403.

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Introduction. This publication presents the preliminary results of the study of the problem of labor training and involvement of students in agricultural work in the mid-1950s – mid-1960s on the materials of the Mordovian ASSR. The introduction of elements of Polytechnic education into the secondary school coincided with the transformation of the agricultural sector of the Soviet economy, designed to solve the problem of providing the population with food. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods used in the national historical science: problem-chronological, systemic, comparative-historical. These methods have been successfully tested in the process of determining the regional aspects of socio-economic development. In the processing of quantitative data, the statistical method was used, and for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study, a micro-historical approach was used. The study is based on a wide range of archival sources and published materials. Results. Proclaiming as its main objectives the introduction of Polytechnic education, party workers and heads of agricultural enterprises of the Mordovian ASSR in the second half of 1950s – early 1960s succeeded in bringing student teams to agricultural work. The possibility of introducing students of each particular school to the modern achievements of animal husbandry was directly dependent on the level of mechanization of the surrounding collective and state farms. Forms of labor training in the mid-1950s – early 1960s become more diverse. Discussion and Conclusion. The practice of involving students in agricultural work in the Khrushchev era was justified by the need to apply the elements of Polytechnic education in secondary school. In reality, child labour was used to carry out regular national economic plans. Forms of vocational training and labor education during the study period gradually improved. Among the innovations of the mid-1950s – early 1960s you should allocate yunnatskih (young naturalists) movement and experience movement, labour camp, and student production teams. At the same time, most farms did not have the material and technical base necessary for vocational training, and therefore the idea of cooperation between the educational organization and the agricultural enterprise of mass development was not received. The effectiveness of labor training significantly reduced the campaign approach to its organization. Keywords: vocational training, school, pioneer, Komsomol, young naturalists, labor camp, collective farm, agriculture.

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Karamushka, Oleksandr, Svitlana Moroz, and Natalia Vasylieva. "INFORMATION COMPONENT OF INNOVATIVE SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES CAPITAL." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-145-150.

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The importance of researching the information component of innovative capital support is due to the formation of the knowledge economy and the need to increase the competitiveness of domestic agrarian enterprises. Innovative renewal of the capital of agrarian enterprises is a key to improving the efficiency of their work: increasing production and sales, reducing production costs, and increasing productivity. At the same time, the problem of the influence of the information component of innovation on capital remains open, which is a reserve for increasing the efficiency of its use and allows us to develop approaches to ensure the profitability growth of agrarian enterprises. Separate aspects of the use of innovations in the agrarian sector of the economy were considered by J. Sayer, K. G. Cassman, H. van Es, J. Woodard, G. Ye. Pavlova, and others. The aim of this article is to research interconnections that arise between the information component of innovation and types of the capital of an enterprise, taking into account agrarian specificity. Methodology. During the research and writing of the article, methods were used: monographic, abstract-logical, mathematical statistics, observation. Results. Any innovation is dual in nature, including the material foundation and the information component. Innovation on the impact on economic processes of enterprises appropriately divided into production (technical, technological, chemical, biological, and managerial) and sales (product and marketing). According to the results of the research, the scheme of the influence of types of innovation on the types of the capital of agrarian enterprises was developed. Empirical studies have shown that the information component of production innovation is methodical and instructional documentation, warranty contract obligations, production licenses, patents, plant and animal breed rights, databases and electronic services of an innovator with their offers, automated information management systems of the enterprise, staff training programs. The information component of sales innovation are the certificates of products quality, brands and trademarks, the standards of the quality of products of the importing countries, characteristics of target market segments, automated customer databases, licensing agreements for the sale of product, data on monitoring of the sectoral markets, pre-contracted deliveries of products, tools e-commerce, etc. Conclusions. The information component of various types of innovation that are inherent in agrarian production is considered. Relationships between types of capital and innovation are explored. The specificity of the use of the information component of innovation in the sectoral section is analysed on the example of grain production and pig farming. The scheme of complex innovative support of enterprise capital is offered. The information component of innovation is detailed. It is recommended to use the information component in full, taking into account the sector specificity of agrarian enterprises.

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Vitale, Jeffrey, Brian Adam, and Pilja Vitale. "Economics of Wheat Breeding Strategies: Focusing on Oklahoma Hard Red Winter Wheat." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020238.

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Wheat breeding continues to be an important component of agricultural innovations in the Great Plains region of the US. This paper reviews Oklahoma’s wheat breeding program over the past several decades with an emphasis on the economic aspects and planning of future breeding strategies. Over the past century, Oklahoma’s wheat yields have increased but the productivity gains have been offset in part due to increased yield variability. The shift to improved wheat varieties has resulted in increased susceptibility to plant disease and pest pressure. While a few varieties introduced over the past few decades have dominated the wheat seed market, recent trends indicate producers are adopting a more diverse range of wheat varieties. Producers’ concerns have expanded beyond demands for high yielding varieties to include more market oriented needs to increase protein content and test weight. This paper identifies several key policy instruments that Oklahoma stakeholders and policy makers should consider when planning future breeding strategies. A critical need is to assist Oklahoma producers in adapting to climate change by developing drought and heat resistant wheat varieties. Marketing new varieties would be improved and revenue increased if more innovative pricing structures were adopted to better align producers’ willingness to pay with seed development costs, which could then be re-invested in breeding. Research budgets, which have remained stagnant in real terms, will need to be increased to adequately address producers’ needs into the 21st century.

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Tyushkevich, O. S. "INVESTIGATION THE PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT THE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 97 (December 28, 2020): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-2-276-286.

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With the development of market relations, the urgency of defining new approaches in the management of scientific and technological progress, which provides innovative development of enterprises. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of development of the intellectual property protection system, their impact on the innovation activities of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and to develop approaches to effective implementation of innovations in their activities. In the process of writing general theoretical methods were used. The system method was used in the study of theoretical aspects of innovative technologies. The method of analysis is used to characterize the receipt of applications for inventions in Ukraine. With the help of abstract-logical substantiated and presented conclusions and proposals for the development of effective mechanisms for implementing the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. Currently, the most pressing problem of increasing the competitiveness of the economy and high-quality economic growth is the creation and implementation of a systematic approach to the protection and management of intellectual property in Ukraine to make fuller use of national intellectual results and scientific and technological progress. We believe that although in recent years in Ukraine enough attention has been paid to the problems of development of the intellectual property protection system and its regulatory support, but the implementation of the main provisions of these regulations is inadequate. As evidenced by the dynamics of applications for inventions, so in 2019 they received 3852 against 4495 in 2015, respectively. The number of applications from national applicants during the period under review did not change, and from foreign applicants — decreased by 5.7 %, which in indicates the distrust of the latter to the economic and political situation in Ukraine. Critical assessments of the situation in the domestic sphere of intellectual property protection, in particular objects of industrial property rights, are confirmed by data from international and national official sources. The data presented in the article show that the existing system of intellectual property management is inefficient and does not meet modern priorities of technological development and requirements for economic growth. Taking into account the socio-economic features of today, we have proposed priority organizational and economic measures to develop effective mechanisms to strengthen the role of intellectual property in the implementation of the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. In particular we need: 1. To promote the gradual creation of a national network of commercialization and transfer of technologies and innovations based on the organization of regional centers. 2. To develop programs and incentives for scientific and technological partnership between government agencies in the academic, sectoral and educational sectors of science and industry. It is also advisable to develop a legal framework for the possibility of establishing a scientific and technological cluster by state organizations and private enterprises. 3. Reduce by 80–75 % the current rates of fees for patenting inventions and utility models. 4. Develop and implement mechanisms of state support for patenting inventions abroad, created in accordance with the priorities of technological development of the country, etc. The proposed recommendations for developing effective mechanisms to strengthen the role of intellectual property in implementing the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy should be adapted to the guidelines of modern economic policy in order to accelerate the restructuring of national policy based on innovative development model and economical knowledges.

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Gallo, Antonia, and Giancarlo Perrone. "Current Approaches for Advancement in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 7878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157878.

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Filamentous fungi are able to synthesise a remarkable range of secondary metabolites, which play various key roles in the interaction between fungi and the rest of the biosphere, determining their ecological fitness. Many of them can have a beneficial activity to be exploited, as well as negative impact on human and animal health, as in the case of mycotoxins contaminating large quantities of food, feed, and agricultural products worldwide and posing serious health and economic risks. The elucidation of the molecular aspects of mycotoxin biosynthesis has been greatly sped up over the past decade due to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, which greatly reduced the cost of genome sequencing and related omic analyses. Here, we briefly highlight the recent progress in the use and integration of omic approaches for the study of mycotoxins biosynthesis. Particular attention has been paid to genomics and transcriptomic approaches for the identification and characterisation of biosynthetic gene clusters of mycotoxins and the understanding of the regulatory pathways activated in response to physiological and environmental factors leading to their production. The latest innovations in genome-editing technology have also provided a more powerful tool for the complete explanation of regulatory and biosynthesis pathways. Finally, we address the crucial issue of the interpretation of the combined omics data on the biology of the mycotoxigenic fungi. They are rapidly expanding and require the development of resources for more efficient integration, as well as the completeness and the availability of intertwined data for the research community.

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KYTAICHUK, Tatiana. "COMPOSITION AND ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS ACCORDING TO NATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING STANDARDS) 136 “BIOLOGICAL ASSETS”." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-19.

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In particular, a number of concepts that underpin ISFRPS are not used in Ukraine. These include: the priority of the economic content of operations over their juridical form, the concept of future economic benefits and utility of potential. The differences in requirements to accounting and reporting preparation related a different classification of assets and liabilities, income and expenses, as well as the lack of requirements and practices for the application of some accounting methods adoptedin ISFRPS. In Ukraine, the process of reforming the accounting and financial reporting system in the public sector is under way. Taking into account the requirements of the international accounting standards for the public sector are being introduced the national provisions (standards) of accounting in the public sector (hereinafter referred to as "NP" (S) "APS"), which have been developed on the basis of international standards. The Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, by its latest order dated 15.11.17, number 943, approved "NP" (S) "APS" 136 "Biological Assets". The standard came into force on 01.01.18. There was no specialized national standardin the budget sector that would regulate the accounting in agricultural operations. The article deals with the actual problems of implementation of the national provision (standard) of accounting in the public sector 136 "Biological Assets". The essence of the concept of "biological assets" in various scientific and literary sources was investigated.In accordance with paragraph 4 of section І "NP" (S) "APS" 136, a biological asset is an animal or plant that, in the process of biological transformation, is capable of producing agricultural products and / or additional biological assets, andalsoin another way contributes to the economic benefits. For the purposes of accounting, biological assets, depending on the length of the production process and the period of receipt of agricultural products, are classified into two groups: long-term and current biological assets. The accounting of long-term biological assets used in non-agricultural activities (eg watch dogs, ornamental plants, etc.) is regulated by "NP" (S) "APS" 121 "Fixed assets". Also, fruiting plants related with agricultural activities, the peculiarities of accounting which are determined by other "NP" (S) "APS", should be accounted as part of fixed assets. Such plants include such perennial plantations as vineyards, gardens, plantations of berry crops and hops. It should also be taken into account that if a fruit plant produces fruits and its use in agricultural activities is planned in future accounting periods, then it is accountedas part of fixe dassets. The typical correspondence of subaccounts of accounting for the display of transactions with assets, capital and liabilities of budgetary funds and statet rust funds does not include correspondence related to biological assets. Consequently, budget institutions need to develop their own view on the reflection in the accounting of biological assets "NP" (S) "A 136 "Biological Assets" has introduced concerning the biological assets of agricultural and agricultural products, the model of valuation at fair value. Peculiarities of estimation of biological assets depending on their receipt were investigated; the main problems arising from the public sector entities during their assessment were highlighted, in particular, in aspects of determining the fair value of such assets, the main deficiencies of estimation at fair value are indicated. In the IFRS system, the valuation at fair value is one of the priorities. In the world practice, there are three possible approaches to the valuation of fair value: market, income, and expense. In the Ukrainian practice, the market approach is predominantly used. In the domestic practice of the account the peculiarities of the assessment of biological assets was formed taking into account the ways of receipt of biological assets, their classification and the date of evaluation in accordance with certain economic transactions in the course of the movement of these objects of accounting. Nowadays, most of budgetary institutions do not apply the innovations and record in accounting the posting of finished products according to the old method, that is, according to the planned cost, which leads to deformation of information in the financial reporting. Evaluate long-term, current and additional biological assets at initial recognition and at each reporting date. Agricultural products are valued only at initial recognition. The evaluation at fair value provides calculation the sales costs. Current biological assets and additional biological assets whose fair value can not reliably be determined at balance sheet date, can be recognized and displayed at cost of production, in addition to current biological plant production assets which are recognized and displayed as work in progress. Regarding the initial recognition of agricultural products (grain, milk, honey, litter, etc.), it should be reflected in the reporting period in which it was separated from the biological asset. After initial recognition, it is evaluated and reflected in accordance with "NP" (S) "APS"123 "Funds". According to the results of the research, the relevant conclusions are made. Evaluation is a rather complicated process, due to the informational needs of different groups of users, a large number of methods for determining the fair value of accounting objects. Taking into account all the above-mentioned aspects, budget institutions should, by choosing methods for determining the fair value of biological assets, independently determine the method for determining the value of biological assets and approve it in the order about the accounting policy.

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Wulandari, Suci, Sumanto Sumanto, and Saefudin Saefudin. "PENGELOLAAN BIOMASSA TANAMAN DALAM BIOINDUSTRI PERKEBUNAN MENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN BIOENERGI Plant Biomass Management in Plantations Bioindustry Supporting Bioenergy Development." Perspektif 18, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/psp.v18n2.2019.135-149.

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Biomassa tanaman perkebunan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pangan, pakan, dan bioenergi. Hasil penelitian dan perkembangan teknologi telah mendorong pemanfaatan biomassa bagian-bagian tanaman tersebut. Tanaman perkebunan memiliki potensi besar untuk menghasilkan biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan. Pemetaan potensi biomassa telah banyak dilakukan pada tanaman perkebunan, seperti pada: tebu, kakao, kelapa sawit, kemiri sunan, jarak pagar, kopi, kelapa dalam, karet dan teh. Pengembangan sistem produksi pangan dan biomassa untuk pembangkit energi melalui sistem multi tanam berbasis komoditas perkebunan telah dikembangkan. Di Kabupaten Aceh Timur telah dilakukan pengembangan sistem agroindustri juga memanfaatkan semua produk samping, mendorong daur ulang dan pemanfaatan residu. Pemanfaatan potensi bioenergi masih dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala distribusi, kontinuitas pasokan bahan dan aspek ekonomi. Menyikapi hal tersebut langkah strategis dapat dilakukan melalui: analisis neraca karbon, alokasi lahan, pemanfaatan lahan, pemanfaatan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan, dukungan teknologi, fokus pada nilai tambah yang tinggi dan perbaikan tata kelola. Selanjutnya perbaikan pada pengembangan sistem pangan energi terpadu dapat ditempuh melalui: (1) sosialisasi dari inovasi teknologi, (2) membentuk kawasan-kawasan pertanian terpadu di daerah sentra pengembangan dan (3) memperkuat kelembagaan petani untuk mengembangkan agroindustri. ABSTRACTBiomass from estate crops can be used for food, feed, and bioenergy. The results of research and technological developments have encouraged the utilization of biomass of these plant parts. Plantation crops have great potential to produce biomass that can be utilized in the development of renewable energy. Mapping of biomass potential has been carried out in plantation crops, such as: sugar cane, cocoa, oil palm, candlenut, jatropha, coffee, deep coconut, rubber, and tea. The development of food and biomass production systems for energy generation through a commodity-based multi-cropping system has been developed. In East Aceh District an agro-industrial system development has also been carried out utilizing all byproducts, encouraging recycling and utilizing residues. The utilization of bioenergy is still faced with various distribution constraints, continuity of material supply and economic aspects. In response to this, strategic steps can be taken through carbon balance analysis, land allocation, land use, sustainable use of resources, technology support, focus on high added value and improved governance. Furthermore, improvements to the development of integrated energy food systems can be pursued through (1) socialization of technological innovations, (2) establishing integrated agricultural areas in plant centers and (3) strengthening farmer institutions to develop agro-industries.

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Ngoc, Hoang Thi Huyen, Tran Thi Thuy Van, Nguyen Manh Ha, Nguyen Quoc Binh, and Mai Thanh Tan. "Bioclimatic assessments for tea cultivation in Western Nghe An." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13586.

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Bioclimatology is applied for growing tea in the West of Nghe An province, where the tea is considered as a high economic efficient plant to be priorly cultivated for reducing poverty and getting rich. Based on the bioclimatic characteristics of tea plant and regional climatic data from 1980 to 2014, the bioclimatic diagrams are built and the tea cultivability is mapped in term of annual average temperature and total precipitation, for this region with regarding its district of Con Cuong as an analytical key. The climate, including both temperature and precipitation, in Con Cuong is relatively suitable for the tea plantation. The Western Nghe An, a land of approx. 1.4 million ha, could be classified in five areas with different suitability for tea plant. The unfavorable area occupies only 1% of total region and the four favorable rests account for 99% of total, in which, the most favorable area is largest with about 746,355 ha, i.e. over 50% of whole region. The three other areas are cultivable but they are less favorable in terms of either temperature or precipitation. Growing tea in Western Nghe An, even in favorable areas, it should be taken into account of the weather disadvantages in certain moments of the year such as extreme dry, cold, hot and rainy events.ReferencesAhmed S., 2014. Tea and the taste of climate change, www.herbalgram.org, issue, 103, 44–51.Ahmed S., Stepp J.R., Orians C., Griffin T., Matyas C., 2014. Effects of extreme climate events on tea (Camellia sinensis) functional quality validate indigenous farmer knowledge and sensory preferences in tropical China. PloS one, 9(10), e109126.Bhagat R.M., Deb Baruah R., Safique S., 2010. climate and tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] Production with Special Reference to North Eastern India: A Review. Journal of Environmental Research And Development, 4(4), 1017–1028.Carr M., 1972. The Climatic Requirements of the Tea Plant: A Review. Experimental Agriculture, 8(01), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479700023449.Carr M.K.V., Stephen W., 1992. Climate, weather and the yield of tea. In: Tea Cultivation to consumtpion. K.C. Wilson and M.N. Clifford (Eds). Chapman and Hall, 87–135.Daleen Lotter, David le Maitre, 2014. Modeling the distribution of Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos tea): implications of climate change for livelihoods dependent on both cultivation and harvesting from the wild. Ecology and Evolution, 4(8), 1209–1221.Ducan J.M.A., Saikia S.D., Gupta N., Biggs E.M., 2016. Observing climate impacts on tea yield in Assam, India. Applied Geogr., 77, 64–71.Institute of Geography, 2016. Department of Climatically Geography. The precipitation and temperature data at meteorological measuring stations in the West of Nghe An Province between 1984 and 2014. Data stored at Department of Climatically Geography, Institute of Geography, Ha Noi, 46p.Gaussen H., 1954. 8 ème Congrès international de Botanique. Section 7 et 3. Paris.Hadfield W., 1976. The effect of high temperature on some aspects of the physiology and cultivation of tea bush (Camellia sinensis) in North East India. In: Light as an Ecological factor. G.C. Evans, R. Bainbridge and O. Rackham (Eds.) Blackwel Sci. Publ., London, 477–495.Hoang Luu Thu Thuy, 2012. The comprehensive assessment of natural, socio-economic and environmental conditions for environmental protection planning in Nghe An Province. Doctoral Thesis. Institude of Geography, Hanoi, 150p.Huang Shoubo, 1989. Meteorology of tea plants in China: a review. Agri. Forest Meteorol., 47, 19–30.Huang Shoubo, 1991. A study on the ecological climates of some famous tea growing areas in high mountainous regions of China. Chinese Geographical Science, 1(2), 121–128.International Center for Tropical Agriculture, 2017. Identification of suitable tea growing areas in Malawi under climate change scenarios. Ciat report, Cali, Colombia, 39p.Kabir S.E., 2001. A study on Ecophysiology of Tea (Camellia sinensis) with special reference to the influence of climatic factors on physiology of a few selected Tea clones of Darjeering. International Journal of Tea Science, 1(4), 1–9.Kandiah S., Thevadasan T., 1980. Quantification of weather parameters to predict tea yields. Tea Q., Srilanka, 49(1), 25–33.Kaye L., 2014. Climate change threatens Sri Lanka’s tea industry. Triple Pundit: People, Planet, Profit. Available at: www.triplepundit.com/2014/06/climate-changethreatens-sri-lanka-tea-industry. Accessed July 25, 2014.Nakayama A., Harada S., 1962. Studies on the effect on the growth of tea plant. IV. The effect of temperature on the growth of young plants in summer. Bull. Tea Res. Station, Japan, 1, 28–40.Nguyen Bao Ve, 2005. The syllabus of industrial trees. Hanoi Argricultural Publishing House, 224p.Nguyen Dai Khanh, 2003. The assessment of agricultural climatic conditions for tea’s growth in major tea regions of Vietnam. Doctoral Thesis. Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, 149p.Nguyen Khanh Van, Nguyen Thi Hien, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, 2000. The bioclimatic diagrams of Vietnam. Vietnam National University Publishing House, Ha Noi, 126p.Nguyen Van Hong, 2017. Analyzing, assessing landscape for agriculture, forestry development and biodiversity conservation in the southwestern border districts in Nghe An province. Doctoral thesis. Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 150p.Nguyen Van Tao (ed.), 2004. Completing the asexual propagation process of LDP1 and LDP2 cultivars by cuttings in order to transfer to production. State Project of production pilot, coded KC.06.DA.09.NN. Institute of Tea Research, Phu Tho, 50p.Nkomwa E.C., Joshua M.K., Ngongondo C., Monjerezi M., Chipungu F., 2014. Assessing indigenous knowledge systems and climate change adaptation strategies in agriculture: A case study of Chagaka Village, Chikhwawa, Southern Malawi. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 67–69, 164–172.Pham Hoang Ho, 2003. An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam, 2, 430–434. Youth Publishing House, 952p.Rebecca Boehm, Sean B. Cash, Bruce T. Anderson, Selena Ahmed, Timothy S. Grifﬁn, Albert Robbat Jr., John Richard Stepp, Wenyan Han, Matt Hazel and Colin M. Orians, 2016. Association between Empirically Estimated Monsoon Dynamics and Other Weather Factors and Historical Tea Yields in China: Results from a Yield Response Model. Climate, 4, 20; doi:10.3390/cli4020020. www.mdpi.com/journal/climate.Schepp K., 2014. Strategy to adapt to climate change for Michimikuru tea farmers in Kenya. Adap CC Report. 2008. Available at: www.adapcc.org/en/kenya.htm. Accessed July 25, 2014.Sen A.R., Biswas A.K., Sanyal D.K., 1966. The Influence of Climatic Factors on the Yield of Tea in the Assam Valley, J. App. Meteo., 5(6), 789–800.Statistics Office of Nghe An Province, 2016. The annual abstracts of statistics 2015. Nghe An Publishing House, Nghe An, 453p.Tanton T.W., 1982. Environmental factors affecting yield of tea (camellia sinensis). Effect of air temperature. Expl. Agri., 18, 47–52.The People’s Committee of Nghe An Province, 2013. The Decision No. 448/QĐ-UBND dated 31/01/2013 to approve the hi-tech agriculture planning on the production of tea in Nghe An Province.The People’s Committee of Nghe An Province, 2013. The Decision No. 6290/QĐ-UBND dated 24/12/2013 to approve the adjustments and supplements for the development of Nghe An tea Industrial zone planning in 2013–2020.Walter H, Lieth, 1967. Klimadiagram - Weltatlas. Veb Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena.Wijeratne M.A., 1996. Vulnerability of Sri Lanka tea production to global climate change. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 92(1-2), 87–94.Wijeratne M.A., Anandacoomaraswamy A., Amarathunga M., Ratnasiri J., 2007. Assessment of impact of climate change on productivity of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantations in Sri Lanka, 119–126.http://nghean.gov.vn, 05/06/2015. Many crops are withered in Con Cuong.http://baonghean.vn, 25/03/2013. Drought threaten rice and tea in Con Cuong. http://baonghean.vn/con-cuong-han-han-de-doa-lua-che-44581.html.

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"Health and Socio Economic Status of Tobacco Workers in Malawi." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 6S3 (November 22, 2019): 1726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f1324.0986s319.

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Tobacco is the major money crop of Malawi and it contributed the maximum of the national income. Malawi is the major contributor in the tobacco production of the world and many of the cigarette companies are using the burley leaf tobacco produced in the Malawian farm due to its rich taste and quality. Tobacco is a major smoking device used by millions of people all over the Malawi who can’t afford the pleasure of smoking a cigarette because of the price that is prohibitive taking in to consideration the economic status of the majority of smokers all over the nation. Smoking tobacco suited the financial strength of the emerging industries workers and agricultural labourers. In this study made an attempt to study the health and socioeconomic aspects of the tobacco workers, to find out the nature of work conditions of the tobacco workers, to study the awareness of tobacco workers with regard to family problems and to find out their participation in religious gathering. This study found that tobacco workers were lives in most of the rural areas of Malawi through secondary data pertained from the Government and Non Government sources. Population method was adopted to collect the information from the tobacco workers in the study area. This study found that Tobacco is not only injurious to health of the smokers and also to the makers of the Tobacco (Tobacco workers) too. Socio-economic status of the tobacco worker also very poor when compare with the minimum wages in the study area. These tobacco workers are forced to engage this sector due to non availability of other kind of jobs and lack of skills to engage in the other jobs. This study concludes that Government and Non Governmental organizations should take necessary actions to improve the health and socio economic status through providing vocational training and guidance to enhance their skills and help them in self employment opportunities. Further, it opens up new avenues for the future researchers to contribute more on this to enhance the health condition from all the parts of the world.

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KOBOZEVA, E. M., and E. A. TOPAL. "INSTITUTIONAL INTERACTION OF SUBJECTS OF LOCAL AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY OF THE REGION IN THE INNOVATION SPHERE." AZIMUTH OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 34 (February 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26140/anie-2021-1001-0086.

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Purpose : research of methods for improving the institutional interaction of corporations and subjects of local agribusiness ecosystems in the region in the innovation sphere. In the course of the study, the method of system analysis was used, as well as monographic structural-logical and economic-statistical methods. The information base of the work is formed on the basis of official data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and its regional bodies, in particular the Krasnodar region, as well as on the basis of information from periodicals on the subject under study, official Internet sites. Results: the authors made an attempt to study methods of improving the institutional interaction of corporations and subjects of local agribusiness systems in the region in the innovation sphere, in accordance with which the problems and prospects of interaction of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises with corporations of the Krasnodar region in the field of innovations were considered. The results obtained indicate that there are opportunities to improve the efficiency of institutional interaction between corporations and subjects of local agribusiness ecosystems in the region in the innovation sphere. The scientific hypothesis of the study consists in the assumption that improving the institutional interaction of corporations and subjects of local agri-entrepreneurial ecosystems in the innovation sphere will ensure the achievement of advanced innovative development and technological superiority of small and large agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar region. Practical relevance : the main provisions and conclusions of the study can be used in the allocation of resources of agricultural enterprises, the formation of an innovative strategy of the company, in forecasting, identifying priority areas and problematic aspects that affect the institutional interaction of corporations and subjects of local agribusiness ecosystems in the region.

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Uniiat, Liudmyla. "Information and communication technologies as a factor of innovative development of agricultural enterprises." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 7-8 (November 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2019.7-8.22.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the theoretical bases and modern applied aspects of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the practical activity of enterprises of agro-industrial business. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the basic principles of economic theory and scientific development of scientists. The following methods are used in the course of the study: retrospective (analysis of economic efficiency, profitability of agricultural production in the regions of the country); monograph (coverage of statistical reporting indicators on the use of ICT in manufacturing in Ukraine); abstract and logical (theoretical generalizations and formation of conclusions, literary sources) and others. Findings. There is a clear tendency for the widespread use of ICT in the industries of the national economies of the advanced countries of the world, which contributes to the innovative development of production and a significant increase in profitability (up to 95%) in the enterprises of the processing industry and agro-industrial business. It is revealed that the use of ICT in Ukrainian enterprises is still at a low level and the main reason for this is the poor financial status of enterprises and insufficient state support. The use of ICT has been found to significantly accelerate soil analysis, determine the need and exact dosage of fertilizers, use of biological to control weeds and pests and other crop operations, which can double the crop yield. It is proved that the introduction of ICT in agro-industrial enterprises will accelerate the innovative development of the agro-industrial economy, increase the competitiveness of industries and enterprises in the market environment. Originality. A model of ICT management of making decision is proposed, which involves the availability of hardware (computers, smartphones, or iPhones and their software); Internet connection and availability of broadband access and Internet technology (social networks, website creation), through which you can actively promote your product, business, negotiate with suppliers and buyers, conduct sales and purchase operations. With the help of space technology and artificial intelligence, you can fully automate all production processes in plant and animal husbandry, eliminate the risks associated with human factors in all production processes, carry out effective planning, accounting, analysis and control of resource consumption at the enterprise, as well as take balanced management decisions. Practical value. The proposed scientific, methodological and practical developments make it possible to formulate a strategy for the effective development of ICT, which will facilitate the innovative development of agro-industrial business in a competitive environment. Key words: information and communication technologies; digitalization of agro-industrial enterprises; innovations; development strategy; efficiency; profitability; competition; agro-industrial business.

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Derby, Melanie M., Allison N. Adams, Partha P. Chakraborty, Mohammad Rejaul Haque, Ryan A. Huber, Jordan A. Morrow, Gennifer A. Riley, et al. "Heat and Mass Transfer in the Food, Energy, and Water Nexus—A Review." Journal of Heat Transfer 142, no. 9 (June 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4047089.

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Abstract Engineering innovations—including those in heat and mass transfer—are needed to provide food, water, and power to a growing population (i.e., projected to be 9.8 × 109 by 2050) with limited resources. The interweaving of these resources is embodied in the food, energy, and water (FEW) nexus. This review paper focuses on heat and mass transfer applications which involve at least two aspects of the FEW nexus. Energy and water topics include energy extraction of natural gas hydrates and shale gas; power production (e.g., nuclear and solar); power plant cooling (e.g., wet, dry, and hybrid cooling); water desalination and purification; and building energy/water use, including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration technology. Subsequently, this review considers agricultural thermal fluids applications, such as the food and water nexus (e.g., evapotranspiration and evaporation) and the FEW nexus (e.g., greenhouses and food storage, including granaries and freezing/drying). As part of this review, over 100 review papers on thermal and fluid topics relevant to the FEW nexus were tabulated and over 350 research journal articles were discussed. Each section discusses previous research and highlights future opportunities regarding heat and mass transfer research. Several cross-cutting themes emerged from the literature and represent future directions for thermal fluids research: the need for fundamental, thermal fluids knowledge; scaling up from the laboratory to large-scale, integrated systems; increasing economic viability; and increasing efficiency when utilizing resources, especially using waste products.

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"Sociedades del conocimiento como motor generador de tecnología e innovación agrícola en el Ecuador." Revista ECIPeru, December 15, 2018, 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33017/reveciperu2015.0016/.

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Sociedades del conocimiento como motor generador de tecnología e innovación agrícola en el Ecuador Knowledge societies as generator of agricultural technology and innovation in Ecuador Carmen Mayorga Villamar1 y Rogelio Suarez Mella2 1 Universidad Autónoma de Los Andes extensión Babahoyo, Babahoyo: Av. Jorge Villegas y tercera transversal 2 Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito: Campus Matriz- Quito.Bourgeois N34-102 y Rumipamba DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2015.0016/ Resumen El presente estudio, tiene como propósito, el análisis del aporte que producen las sociedades del conocimiento como motor generador de tecnologías e innovaciones en el sector agrícola en la República del Ecuador. Este aporte origina evoluciones en red, en el marco agrícola empresarial e individual, a través del diseño de nuevos procesos productivos y de gestión en la calidad de sus procesos, así como el rediseño de los procesos ya utilizados, que se involucran de carácter social y económico en el contexto de la agricultura ecuatoriana. Basándose en proposiciones, que las sociedades de conocimiento de alto impacto científico agrícola, contribuyen en la mejora del sector agrícola a través de la creación de nuevas tecnologías e innovaciones con características propias del sistema agrario ecuatoriano, dando el despliegue a un marco de crecimiento económico social y cultural del país ecuatoriano. Hay que determinar el término de “sociedades del conocimiento”, en uso de esta investigación, considerándolo como factor del cambio social en la expansión de la educación, y de las competencias específicas de los empleados, que se proyecta con una visión de esfuerzos educativos y formativos. Anteriormente en el Ecuador, quienes invertían en sociedades de conocimiento como fuente de investigación científica, para el proceso agrícola, eran las empresas privadas, mientras que el sector público realizaba mejoras para el sector agrícola, pero de bajo impacto, debido al alto gasto que genera los programas de desarrollo agrícola para un país, con eficiencia, control y seguimiento de los mismos. Y de los cuales pocos eran los beneficiarios, ya que los programas llegan a los grandes y medianos productores que son los propietarios de la mayor cantidad de tierra productiva en el país, dejando vulnerable a los pequeños agricultores. Esto ha provocado que durante estos últimos años, los resultados obtenidos como contribución del desarrollo rural no hayan sido suficientes, evidenciando alto índice de pobreza y un decreciente desarrollo endógenos en los sectores agrícolas, ya que los efectos generados no han sido útiles para el campesino, productores empresariales, procesadores, comercializadores y exportadores agrícolas. Los métodos y técnicas empleadas en el presente trabajo científico, son de nivel teórico del conocimiento, tales como : histórico-lógico, inductivo-deductivo, análisis-síntesis para realizar un análisis de las sociedades del conocimiento generadoras de tecnologías e innovación en el sector agrícola ecuatoriano; entre los métodos del nivel empírico del conocimiento: la observación científica para estudiar las características fundamentales del sector agrícola y la contribución de las sociedades de conocimiento. Las técnicas a utilizar son técnicas documentales informativas y argumentativa de campo. Se puede concluir que esta investigación servirá para que las sociedades de conocimiento a través de la creación de tecnologías e innovación agrícola eleven el grado de desarrollo en las producciones, sino que contribuyan en el desarrollo industrial, para que Ecuador se introduzca en la competencia del mercado interno y externo, apuntalándose a un creciente desarrollo económico y social. Descriptores: sociedades del conocimiento, tecnología, innovación, I+D Abstract The present study aims to analyze the contribution that produces knowledge societies as generator of technologies and innovations in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Ecuador. This contribution originates network evolutions in corporate and individual agricultural framework, through the design of new production processes and quality management processes and redesigning processes already used, which involve social and economic aspects in the context of ecuadorian agriculture. Based on propositions that knowledge societies of high scientific agricultural impact, contribute to improve the agricultural sector through the creation of new technologies and innovations directed to the ecuadorian agricultural system characteristics allowing a social, economic and growth in Ecuador. We must determine the term of "knowledge societies", in used in this research, considering it as a factor of social change in the expansion of education, and specific skills of employees, projecting a vision of educational efforts and training. Earlier in Ecuador, institutions that invested in knowledge societies as a source of scientific research to the agricultural process were private companies, while the public sector performing agricultural improvement, but low impact, due to the high cost that generates agricultural development programs for a country with efficiency, control and monitor. The beneficiaries of those programs reach the large and medium producers who are the owners of the most productive land in the country, leaving you vulnerable to small farmers. This has meant that in recent years , the results as a contribution to rural development have not been sufficient , showing high levels of poverty and decreasing endogenous development in the agricultural sectors , because the generated effects have not been useful for the farmer , corporate producers , processors, traders and agricultural exporters. The methods and techniques used in this scientific work are of theoretical knowledge, such as historical and logical, inductive-deductive, analysis-synthesis for analysis of knowledge societies generating technologies and innovation in the agricultural sector Ecuador, between the empirical methods of knowledge: scientific observation to study the fundamental characteristics of the agricultural sector and the contribution of knowledge societies. The techniques used are informative and argumentative documentary techniques of field. We conclude that this research will serve to knowledge societies through the creation of agricultural innovation technologies and raise the level of development in the productions, but contribute to industrial development, that Ecuador is introduced in market competition internal and external bracing a growing economic and social development. Keywords: knowledge societies, technology, innovation, R&D.

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Wyse, Joseph, and Gilad Luria. "Trends in intellectual property rights protection for medical cannabis and related products." Journal of Cannabis Research 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42238-020-00057-7.

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AbstractThe purpose of this review is to advance the field of applied cannabis research by providing insights into the patenting of medical cannabis and current intellectual property rights (IPR) data.Medical cannabis (MC) patent and plant breeders’ rights (PBR) registrations are filed on industrially applicable aspects of research. Studying the filing data and trends informs researchers of both gaps in current applied knowledge in MC (where patents have not been filed) and prior knowledge (where patents have already been filed).Our focus is on those intellectual property rights (IPR) that are registered and germane to technical innovations in MC and related products. These are patents and PBR and thus exclude trade secrets, copyrights, franchises, or trademarks. Methods used for surveying the defined IPR landscape include searches of publicly available patent and PBR data and classifying the data according to the upstream–midstream–downstream innovation paradigm of the MC industry.The findings suggest that the technical knowledge as expressed by patent filings is growing commensurate to the economic and legislative activity. Specific cannabis patents in agricultural technologies directed at improving yield, efficiency, and quality (known as “agritech”) are being filed and granted. These agritech-focused patents represent original novel and applied MC research achievements that address specific problems in cannabis cultivation, such as protection of the cannabis crop, maximizing cannabis yield, harvesting and post-harvesting of cannabis, and new advantageous varieties. Patents on ex planta and in planta cannabis genes expression have been published in recent years while patents on extraction methods for cannabinoids have increased since 2015. Much patent activity is in the downstream category of MC patient-oriented products and delivery systems for a very wide range of medical indications and disease conditions.The emerging importance of access and benefit-sharing treaties and regulations is noted with implications on the industry briefly discussed. Patent data on leading and emerging patentee companies and institutions are shown. We also provide evidence of prior art and freedom to operate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural innovations – Economic aspects – Malawi'

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