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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agricultural insurance'
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1
Graf, Andreas. "Agricultural Insurance for Developing Countries." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02604684002/$FILE/02604684002.pdf.
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Liu, Xianglin Liu. "Three Essays on Agricultural Insurance." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471434017.
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Kim, Taehoo. "Three Essays on US Agricultural Insurance." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5011.
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Many economists and policy analysts have conducted studies on crop insurance. Three research gaps are identified: i) moral hazard in prevented planting (PP), ii) choice of PP and planting a second crop, and iii) selecting margin protection in the Dairy Margin Protection Program (MPP-Dairy).
The first essay analyzes the existence of moral hazard in PP. The PP provision is defined as the “failure to plant an insured crop by the final planting date due to adverse events”. If the farmer decides not to plant a crop, the farmer receives a PP indemnity. Late planting (LP) is an option for the farmer to plant a crop while maintaining crop insurance after the final planting date. Crop insurance may alter farmers’ behavior in selecting PP or LP and could increase the likelihood of PP claims even though farmers can choose LP. This study finds evidence that a farmer with higher insurance coverage tends to choose PP more often (moral hazard). Spatial panel models attest to the existence of moral hazard in PP empirically.
If a farmer chooses PP, s/he receives the PP indemnity and may either leave the acreage unplanted or plant a second crop, e.g., soybean for corn. If the farmer plants a second crop after the PP claim, the farmer receives a 35% of PP payment. The current PP provision fails to provide farmers with an incentive to plant a second crop; 99.9% of PP claiming farmers do not plant a second crop. Adjusting PP indemnity payment may encourage farmers to plant a second crop. The second essay explores this question using a stochastic simulation and suggests to increase the PP payment by 10%-15%.
The third essay investigates why Wisconsin dairy farmers purchase more supplementary protection than California farmers in a MPP-Dairy introduced in the 2014 Farm Bill. MPP-Dairy provides dairy producers with margin protection when the national dairy margin is below a farmer selected threshold. This study determines whether conditional probabilities regarding regional and national margins have a role in farmer’s decision-making to purchase supplementary coverages using Copula models. Results indicate that Wisconsin farmers have higher conditional probabilities and purchase more buy-up coverages.
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Xiao, Shengting, and Jingyu Zhang. "Research on Agricultural Insurance Modes in China." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-126.
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The agriculture is the basic industry of national economy, and as it has the characteristic of feebleness, its development requires the safeguard and support of many kinds of mechanisms. The agricultural insurance has a great significance for avoiding the risk during agricultural production and promoting the rural economy. But at present the demand and supplies of the agricultural insurance are both dispirited, and the status quo of development is not very atisfactory in China. Therefore, develop Chinese agricultural insurance is significant and urgent all the time.
Although Chinese government has done a lot of innovations and experiments in some places, the agricultural insurance market is still dead-alive in China. This thesis constructs the research from the point of the present situation of the agricultural insurance, studies and compares the data of agricultural insurance modes in Shanghai, Xinjiang and Heilongjiang in the way of using the real diagnosis, thus to propose the new viewpoint on the mode of the agricultural insurance’s present stage which is used to anticipate the future of the agricultural insurance in the end.
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Zhang, Li. "Three essays on agricultural risk and insurance." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Liu, Yanyan. "Papers on agricultural insurance and farm productivity." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Dept. of Economics, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68). Also issued in print.
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Davis, Bill. "The feasibility of crop insurance agency acquisitions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14043.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Crop insurance, in recent years, has displaced U.S. federal farm program payments as the most important safety net for net farm income. The business climate that crop insurance purchasers and providers face in the future is one of increasing premiums for producers and decreasing commissions for crop insurance companies and agents. The primary objective of this thesis is to assess the desirability of crop insurance agency acquisitions to increase market share for Farm Credit Services of America, considering the significant uncertainties in the future subsidy levels and commission levels for these products. Financial analysis and modeling crop insurance agency acquisitions is completed under a wide range of future economic and political scenarios. The wide range of assumptions, however, does contribute to a wide range of potential purchase prices and rates of return on crop insurance agency acquisitions. The crop insurance industry faces uncertainty in the future and general industry profitability will likely decline. However, an expansion strategy in a period of reduced commissions can be profitable if acquisitions are priced appropriately and can be made in locations where existing support services can be leveraged to support the acquisition.
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Liu, Pu. "Dependence Structure in Agricultural Index Insurance Design and Product Development." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1285015198.
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Xu, Chang. "Index-Based Insurance, Informal Risk Sharing, and Agricultural Yields Prediction." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529794733186832.
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Li, Yiting Li. "Mitigation Index Insurance in Developing Countries." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150328419452699.
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Avery, Christopher S. "Weather Derivatives as Crop Insurance in Iowa." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613516.
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Crop insurance has been used by farmers to reduce yield loss risk. In this thesis we explore the plausibility of using weather derivative products to hedge against temperature induced corn yield losses. The ultimate goal is to explore relationships between weather and yield in order to hedge yield risk with exchange traded weather derivatives. This paper sets up the groundwork for these strategies by determining the weather relationships to annual yield and variability of yields using log-linear models. We find significant links among corn, soybeans, and hay yields in Iowa and weather variables such that using temperature based weather derivatives to hedge against yield loss is economically viable.
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Irimia-Vladu, Marina I. Duffy Patricia Ann. "Essays on food and agricultural policy." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2012-15-07/IRIMIA-VLADU_MARINA_27.pdf.
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Kirwan, Barrett E. 1974. "Essays on U.S. agricultural policy : subsidies, crop insurance, and environmental auctions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33831.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis investigates the unintended consequences of government policy, specifically policy meant to benefit agricultural producers. The first chapter asks how agricultural subsidies affect farmland rental rates. Chapter two examines the relative effects of ad hoc disaster payments and crop insurance, focusing on the potential to smooth income shocks, and the final chapter studies the targeting efficiency of the Conservation Reserve Program. Chapter one exploits exogenous variation in agricultural subsidies to measure the effects on farmland rental rates. The primary finding is that landlords capture one-fifth of the marginal subsidy dollar per acre. This finding stands in contrast to the standard assumption that landlords immediately capture the entire subsidy. There is some evidence that the share of the subsidy captured by landlords increases as the farmland rental market becomes more competitive. The analysis also indicates that the lower effective price of land induces tenants to rent more land such that they gain roughly $1 per dollar of subsidy. Taken together, the results suggest that agricultural subsidies benefit farmers, as well as individuals that own agricultural land. Chapter two exploits random weather variation and exogenous variation in crop insurance take-up in order to investigate the relative effect of two forms of government-provided disaster relief on farm failure rates.
(cont.) I find that disaster relief in the form of ad hoc disaster payments slightly reduces the average farm failure rate, while average farm failure rates increase under a crop insurance regime. The relative effect suggests that farm failure rates increase by 1.7 percentage points (about 30-percent) under the crop insurance regime. Excessively generous ad hoc disaster payments and moral hazard provide possible explanations for these findings. These findings suggest that government-provided crop insurance plays an important role in farmer risk management. Chapter three estimates the premiums received by Conservation Reserve Program participants above their reservation rents. Findings suggest that participants receive substantial premiums, and the premiums have increased over time as uncertainty about the program has decreased.
by Barrett Edward Kirwan.
Ph.D.
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Chen, Shu-Ling. "Three essays on agricultural and catastrophic risk management." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179368620.
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Banki, Ahmad. "Insurance purchasing under ambiguity, and its applications for forest carbon offsets: an experimental study." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97116.
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The limitations of the expected utility theory in predicting risk preference under low probabilities have been discussed by various experimental studies. However, the ex-isting studies have not arrived at a consensus in this area. There are signs of both over-insurance and under-insurance for low-probability loss events. The topic has particularly not been addressed when ambiguity is coupled with low probability estimates. This paper theoretically analyzes the implications of ambiguity aversion for insurance purchasing in loss events involving low probabilities. The topic has been looked into under the light of forest carbon offsets and the need for insurance for unavoidable losses of the sequestrated carbon. The paper offers an experimental design involving three phases, including a replica of a previous study on insurance behaviour, addition of the ambiguity factor, and two methods of measuring ambiguity preference. Wildfire losses are associated with small probabilities and ambiguity, and ambiguity increases the individual's willingness to pay for insurance. Therefore, the government can set a higher price for its mandatory insurance program provided on forestry offset credits.Les limites sur la théorie de l'utilité anticipée utilisée pour prédire les préférences de risque sous de faibles probabilités ont été discutées dans plusieurs études expérimenta-les. Toutefois, les études existantes n'en sont pas arrivées à un consensus. Il y a des si-gnaux tant pour une confiance élevée que basse dans des situations de faibles probabilités de pertes. Le sujet n'a pas été particulièrement questionné lorsque l'ambigüité est combi-née avec des estimations de faibles probabilités. Cette étude analyse théoriquement les implications de l'aversion de l'ambigüité lors de l'achat d'assurance dans un contexte de situations comprenant de faibles probabilités de perte. Cette étude examine les crédits de carbone au niveau forestier ainsi qu'aux besoins d'assurances afin d'éliminer d'inévitables pertes reliées aux séquestrations de carbone. Cette étude offre un design expérimental comprenant trois phases, incluant une réplique des études existantes sur les comportements des consommateurs d'assurances, ajoutant le facteur d'ambigüité ainsi que deux méthodes de mesures pour les préférences d'ambigüité.
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Zhang, Lisha. "ASSESSING THE DEMAND FOR WEATHER INDEX INSURANCE IN SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/559.
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Shandong Province, renowned as China’s greatest agricultural province, is dominated by smallholders growing rain-fed crops and vulnerable to severe weather shocks that can increase poverty rates. Weather index insurance, an innovative agricultural risk management product, may be an effective mechanism to address vulnerability to catastrophic weather risk in rural regions of China, including Shandong. This project evaluated current household livelihood and risk management strategies and farmer interest in weather index insurance. Data from 174 participants were collected using a methodology that included focus groups, questionnaires, and personal interviews. Despite limited access to formal financial services, Shandong farmers generally employ informal, well-diversified income strategies and rely on no-interest informal loans from community members to manage adverse impacts of natural disasters, such as drought. Households sometimes rely on reducing consumption as a risk coping strategy; however, unlike many regions of the world, Shandong farmers do not tend to sell livelihood assets to manage weather shocks. A majority of interviewed participants were interested in weather index insurance after they understood its basic concept; however, participants expressed concerns regarding basis risk and program implementation.
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Журавка, Олена Сергіївна, Елена Сергеевна Журавка, Olena Serhiivna Zhuravka, and Б. О. Троян. "Проблемні аспекти розвитку агрострахування в Україні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77579.
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Сільське господарство в Україні є однією з основних та
бюджетоутворюючих галузей виробництва, а також найризикованішим
виробництвом де більша частина доходів залежить від непередбачуваних
природно-кліматичних умов. Страхування є основним інструментом управління
та зниження ризиків, компенсації збитків в разі непередбачуваних обставин, а
також виступає ефективним засобом збереження стабільності фінансового
стану сільськогосподарських підприємств.
На даний час в Україні агрострахування малорозвинене та непопулярне
серед сільськогосподарських виробників, хоча втрати врожайності від
несприятливих погодних умов в окремі роки можуть сягати 45-50%. Як
свідчить зарубіжний досвід, агрострахування - це основний інструмент
управління ризиками з метою зменшення негативного впливу погодних та
інших природних ризиків. Страхування забезпечує виробникам
сільськогосподарської продукції у разі настання страхової події фінансовий
захист.
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Rola, Armand Christopher Casiple. "A comparative study of farmers' disaster coping capacities and the impacts of agricultural insurance : a case from Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and Laguna Province, Republic of the Philippines." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13153218/?lang=0, 2021. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13153218/?lang=0.
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The primary objective of this dissertation was to seek an answer to the question of how agricultural insurance can potentially be an effective and efficient coping mechanism so that the poorest of the poor in isolated rural areas can avoid falling into the poverty trap amid rising global natural disasters in the most exposed region of East Asia and the Pacific. Observations in the field were conducted to investigate the disaster experiences and characterization, coping strategies, but the main focus was on farmer experience on agricultural insurance in two types of elevation (lowland and upland) and program implementation of the insurance providers in the developed country of Japan and the Philippines as a representation of the developing world.博士(現代アジア研究)
Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Zhao, Wei. "Defining farm-safety research priorities and adjusting farm insurance premiums by a risk analysis approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38620.
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Bangwan, Sureewan Bangwan. "The Effects of Catastrophic Risk on the Performance of the Thailand National Village and Urban Community Fund Program and Prospects for Managing it Through the Use of Weather Index Insurance." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534508998871764.
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Gallenstein, Richard Anthony GALLENSTEIN. "Three Essays on Agricultural Microfinance and Risk Management." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500565176891763.
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Троян, Б. О. "Особливості страхування сільськогосподарських підприємств в Україні." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75917.
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Україна займає провідне місце у виробництві та експорті сільськогосподарської продукції в світі. Сільське господарство відіграє головну роль в економіці України і є життєво важливою галуззю суспільного виробництва. Сучасний стан агропромислового комплексу України характеризується значною кількістю ризиків та потребує рішучих змін. Страхування сільськогосподарських культур є найефективнішим та найнадійнішим способом управління аграрними ризиками. Дослідження цього виду страхування є стратегічно важливим, адже виявлення проблем та шляхів їх вирішення дозволить покращити стан економіки України.Украина занимает ведущее место в производстве и экспорте сельскохозяйственной продукции в мире. Сельское хозяйство играет главную роль в экономике Украины и является жизненно важной отраслью общественного производства. Современное состояние агропромышленного комплекса Украины характеризуется значительным количеством рисков и требует решительных изменений. Страхование сельскохозяйственных культур является эффективным и надежным способом управления аграрными рисками. Исследования этого вида страхования является стратегически важным, ведь выявление проблем и путей их решения позволит улучшить состояние экономики Украины.
Ukraine has a leading position in the production and export of agricultural products in the world. Agriculture plays a major role in Ukraine's economy and is a vital sector of social production. The current state of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is characterized by significant risks and requires decisive changes. Crop insurance is the most effective and reliable way of managing agrarian risks. Researching this type of insurance is strategically important, as identifying problems and how to solve them will improve the economy of Ukraine
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Brisolara, Cláudio Silveira. "Proposições para o desenvolvimento do seguro de receita agrícola no Brasil: do modelo teórico ao cálculo das taxas de prêmio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-02102013-141823/.
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Mudanças na política agrícola brasileira têm preconizado a adoção de mecanismos de mercado para o fortalecimento da comercialização, financiamento à produção e mitigação dos riscos agropecuários, tanto o climático, quanto o de mercado. O seguro rural é um dos instrumentos mais promissores nesse novo estágio da política agrícola, pois permite a administração do risco agrícola, ao mesmo tempo em que lastreia as operações de comercialização e financiamento agrícola. O seguro de receita emerge como um instrumento ainda mais robusto de estabilização a receita agrícola, na medida em que garante a variação de produtividade e preço, simultaneamente. O instrumento já é consolidado nos Estados Unidos e começa a ser estudado no Brasil. Por essa razão, a primeira parte do estudo, capítulo 2, visa analisar os planos de seguro existentes e indicar os modelos que devem ser fomentados no Brasil. Constatou-se que os modelos estadunidenses baseados no plano de Proteção de Renda (IP - Income Protection) e Receita Garantida (RA - Revenue Assurance), substituídos pelo plano Proteção de Receita (RP - Revenue Protection), são os mais adequados para iniciar o desenvolvimento dessa modalidade de seguro no Brasil. Na segunda parte do trabalho, capítulo 3, é apresentado modelo teórico de plano de seguro de receita, bem como procedimento metodológico de cálculo da taxa de prêmio, de modo univariado e bivariado. Aplicada a metodologia ao caso da soja no Paraná, concluiu-se que as taxas calculadas no estudo são inferiores às praticadas nos dois projetos experimentais existentes. O distanciamento entre as taxas praticadas no mercado e a diferença em relação às estimadas na nesta pesquisa indicam imprecisão no cálculo das taxas de prêmio e são evidências de superestimação das taxas pelas seguradoras.Changes in Brazilian agricultural policies have advocated the adoption of market mechanisms for strengthening the marketing, the financing to production, and both climate and market farming risk mitigation. Rural insurance is one of the most promising instruments in this new stage of agricultural policy, for crop risk administration at the same time it serves as collateral to marketing operations and agricultural funding. The insurance revenue emerges as an even more robust stabilization of agricultural revenue instrument to the extent that it ensures the variation of productivity and price simultaneously. The instrument is already consolidated in the United States and begins to be studied in Brazil. For this reason, the first part of the study, Chapter 2, aims to analyze existing insurance plans and indicate the models that should be encouraged in Brazil. It was found that models based on U.S. Income Protection (IP) and Revenue Assurance (RA), replaced by the plan Revenue Protection are best suited to start the development of this type of insurance in Brazil. In the second part of the dissertation, Chapter 3, the theoretical model of revenue insurance plan is presented, as well as a methodology for univariate and bivariate premium ratemaking. The methodology was applied to the case of soybean in Paraná, and it was concluded that the rates calculated in this study are lower than those of the two existing experimental projects. The gap between the market rates and the difference in relation to the rates estimated in the study indicate inaccuracy in the calculation of premium rates and are evidence of rate overestimation by insurers.
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Clark, Nathan J. "Investigating the relationship between yield risk and agri-environmental indicators." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2002. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyagec2002t00040/Clark.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 51 p. : ill, maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50).
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Vítek, Ondřej. "Zemědělské pojištění." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136256.
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This thesis deals with risks threatening agricultural activity, with agricultural insurance and with state aid to agricultural insurance in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it describes history and development of agricultural insurance in the Czech Republic. Under this chapter is explored dependence of the premium on selected factors. The attention is also paid to agricultural insurance schemes in 16 selected countries of the world. Consequently, there are proposed possible suggestions of improvement of current agricultural insurance system in the Czech Republic with regard to foreign practice. The supply of crop insurance including a practical example of farmer using crop insurance in his risk management is concisely described in the end of the thesis.
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Mishra, Pramod K. "The comprehensive crop insurance scheme in India 1985-91 : a study of its working with special reference to Gujarat." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359148.
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Івченко, М. І. "Сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку сільськгосподарського страхування." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20149.
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Івченко, М. І. Сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку сільськгосподарського страхування: магістерська робота : 072 Фінанси, банківська справа та страхування / М. І. Івченко; керівник роботи Панченко О. І. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра фінансів, банківської справи та страхування. – Чернігів, 2020. – 76 с.Предметом дослідження ВКР є cукупнicть вiднocин, якi фopмуютьcя в пpoцeci opгaнiзaцiї cтpaxoвoгo зaxиcту oб’єктiв ciльcькoгo гocпoдapcтвa. Об’єктом дослідження виступає пpoцec opгaнiзaцiї cтpaxoвoгo зaxиcту ciльcькoгocпoдapcькиx pизикiв cтpaxoвими кoмпaнiями, якi зaймaютьcя aгpocтpaxувaнням («Acкa», «AXA», «Бpoкбiзнec», «Гapдiaн», «Iнгo Укpaїнa», «Кpaїнa», «ПЗУ», «ТAC», «Унiвepcaльнa»). Мета кваліфікаційної роботи полягає в аналізі ciльcькoгocпoдapcького cтpaxувaння , розроблення пpaктичних пoпoзицiй для oптимiзaцiїi i вдocкoнaлeння cтpaxувaння ciльcькoгo гocпoдapcтвa. Завданнями роботи є : - виявити cутнicть i види ciльcкoгoгocпoдapcькoгo cтpaxувaння - poзiбpaти ocoбливocтi cтpaxoвoгo зaxиcту ciльcькoгocпoдapcькиx pизикiв - видiлити чинники, щo впливaють нa poзвитoк ciльcькoгocпoдapcькoгo cтpaxувaння - пpoвecти aнaлiз динaмiки пoкaзникiв ciльcькoгocпoдapcькoгo cтpaxувaння - виявити пpoблeми фopмувaння тa функцioнувaння pинку ciльcькoгocпoдapcькoгo cтpaxувaння - poзpoбити зaxoди щoдo пiдвищeння eфeктивнocтi cтpaxувaння ciльcькoгo гocпoдapcтвa в Укpaїнi За результатами дослідження сформульовані рекомендації щодо вдосконалення страхування сільськогосподарських ризиків в Україні. Одержані результати можуть бути використані для покращення системи сільськогосподарського страхування в Україні.
The subject of the WRC study is a set of relations that are formed in the process of organizing the social protection of objects of the human economy. Object of research supports ppotsec ophanizatsiyi ctpaxovoho zaxyctu cilckohocpodapckyx pyzykiv ctpaxovymy kompaniyamy, which zaymayutcya ahpoctpaxuvannyam ( "Acka", "AXA", "Bpokbiznec", "Hapdian", "Inho Ukpayina","Kpayina","ROM","TAC","Universal"). The purpose of the qualification work is to analyze the economic economy, to develop practical positions for optimization and improvement of the economic economy. The tasks of the work are: - to identify the essence and types of economic taxation - to take into account the features of the tax protection of the taxpayers' risks - identify the factors that affect the development of social taxation - to carry out the analysis of dynamics of indicators of tsilkogopodospkogo cpapavanie - to identify problems of formation and functioning of the market of social taxation - take measures to increase the efficiency of the economy in Ukraine. Based on the results of the study, recommendations for improving agricultural risk insurance in Ukraine have been formulated. The obtained results can be used to improve the agricultural insurance system in Ukraine.
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Cruz-Lopez, Irma F. "The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program: Looking at Mexican Participation Through a Magnifying Glass." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23782.
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Mexican migrant workers have been coming to Canada since 1974 to work in agriculture as participants of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Presently, Mexicans constitute the majority of SAWP workers. As well, Ontario is the main receiver of these workers followed by British Columbia and Quebec. Accordingly, the scope of this thesis mainly encompasses Mexican workers in Ontario. However, the thesis also includes Mexican SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia. This thesis reveals two main issues: (1) that all SAWP workers, particularly Mexican workers, lack key legal rights and protections relating to labour relations, employment, health and safety standards at the structural level of the SAWP; and at the federal, provincial, and international levels. (2) Even when they have rights under legislation relating to the above-mentioned subject matters, Mexicans, especially, lack the capacity to access them. Thus, they become ‘unfree labourers’ who are placed in a perpetual state of disadvantage, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation once in Canada. To describe the issues above, the thesis is divided into five chapters addressing the following: Chapter 1 presents the historical context behind the SAWP as well as the Mexican workers’ circumstances that attract them to participate in the Program. Chapter 2 examines the applicable constitutional and federal framework for SAWP workers. In addition, it highlights key federal exclusions placed on them, which originate in the federal immigration and employment insurance legislation. Chapter 3 concludes that Ontario does not protect its agricultural workers from unfair treatment and exploitation in the workplace; rather, it perpetuates such practices. This reality is intensified for SAWP Mexican workers. Particularly, chapter 3 analyses a constitutional challenge to the Ontario legislation excluding agricultural worker from its labour relations regime; said challenge is based on ss. 2(d) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chapter 4 maintains that similarly to workers in Ontario, SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia also face extreme disadvantages due in great part to the lack of or limited legal protections. Finally, chapter 5 asserts that due to its implementation in the Canadian framework, international law is inadequate to protect domestic and SAWP workers’ rights. While each chapter identifies tangible drawbacks or anomalies, which affect SAWP workers negatively, the thesis also provides recommendations to alleviate said weaknesses.
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Sumani, John Bosco Baguri. "Exploring Perceptions of the Potential of Agricultural Insurance for Crop Risks Management Among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1529494821429119.
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Chvosta, Jan. "The Economic Effects of Federal Peanut Policy: The 1996 FAIR Act, the 2001 Farm Security Act, and the Federal Crop Insurance Program." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07222002-001808/.
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Government programs that restrict production and increase prices to particular groups of producers have a long history in the United States. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implications of such a program for peanuts in three independent essays. The first essay focuses on the development of a model of the effects of cross-county transfers on peanut quota after the 1996 farm bill. Using a spatial linear regression model, the hypothesis that the lifting of transfer restrictions tends to equilibrate lease rates across counties is tested. The results indicate that, after the 1996 bill, peanut quota moved out of counties that under produce their quota to overproducing counties, indirectly indicating a tendency for lease rates to equalize. The second essay studies the most recent changes to the peanut program, enacted by the U.S. Congress in 2002, and reviews important events that led to these changes. Several models are developed that analyze the costs and benefits of the revised program in domestic and foreign markets. It is concluded that farmers in most peanut producing states will incur losses due to the peanut program changes, with the exception of Texas and Florida. The impact of the transformation on the world price of edible peanuts is analyzed and shown to be theoretically ambiguous-- the world price could either increase or decrease depending on demand and supply elasticities. The essay explores numerically the influence of the relevant elasticities. The third essay reviews the U.S. federal crop insurance program and investigates its interaction with the peanut program. A model of a risk neutral profit maximizing farmer is developed and comparative static results are derived. The results show that in equilibrium peanut quota lease rates do not represent the full difference between the support price and world price and are affected by the cost of crop insurance.
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Bott, Caleb H. "The Comparison of Five Different Cattle Feeding Enterprises: A Stochastic Simulation on Expected Returns and the Effects of LRP Insurance." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/634.
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This was a study on the Utah cattle industry which compared five different feeding enterprises. These feeding enterprises included feeding cull cows, finishing beef yearling steers, finishing Holstein yearling steers, backgrounding beef steer calves, and backgrounding Holstein steer calves. The main purpose of this study was to determine which feeding enterprise was the most profitable for Utah cattle producers. Another objective of the study was to determine if LRP insurance lowered the volatility in the returns to these feeding enterprises. In order to answer these two questions of interest, a historical analysis of Utah cattle and feed prices was conducted from 1990 through 2009. Weekly sales data were used, and seasonality and price trends were determined. Next, enterprise budgets were created for each feeding enterprise to establish historical returns. Then, using the historical data as a foundation, a simulation analysis was run to forecast future returns and determine the risk associated with each feeding enterprise. LRP insurance was also added to the model to simulate the effects it had on lowering risk. After completing a simulation analysis and comparing means and standard deviations of the expected returns, portfolio theory was used to put the feeding enterprises into different portfolios to attempt to lower risk. Then stochastic dominance was used to conclude which feeding enterprise was the most preferred for Utah cattle producers. The results of the study depend upon the producer's level of risk. The majority of producers have an ARAC value between -0.0002 and 0.0012. With that knowledge, the results suggested that the majority of Utah cattle producers should finish Holstein yearling steers. If a producer was highly risk seeking, then he or she was better off to feed cull cows. If the producer was highly risk averse, then he or she preferred a portfolio of cull cows and backgrounding both Holstein and beef steers with LRP insurance. The results of the study also indicated that LRP insurance was an effective tool for lowering the variability in expected returns. However, the results suggested that the most preferred option for Utah cattle producers was to feed either cull cows or Holstein yearling steers without LRP insurance.
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Novotný, Marek. "Řešení rizikovosti rostlinné výroby komerčním pojištěním." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85150.
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The main purpose of this thesis is dealing with the risks in crop production by commercial insurance. The paper provides description of the occurrence and form of the risks in crop production and agricultural insurance as one of the ways of the protection against them. It analyzes the development of crop insurance from 1986 to present, discusses how statutory insurance was provided by the state insurance company until 1990 and also presents the current form of commercial insurance, including a detailed comparison of offers according to the relevant insurance conditions. The next part of the thesis is focused on the government subsidies on agricultural insurance operated in the Czech Republic. The last part of this thesis describes possible trends of future strategies of risk management in the agricultural business including uninsurable risks. These possible trends are presented and discussed in several models.
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Bise, Elizabeth Hart. "Mitigating cotton revenue risk through irrigation, insurance, and/or hedging." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1402.
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Кожем’якіна, О. І. "Методи та моделі оцінки ризику в агрострахуванні." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12421.
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У роботі проаналізовано основні тенденції, проблеми та перспективи розвитку агропромислового комплексу України. Проаналізовано математичні моделі оцінки страхових ризиків. Проведено оцінку ризику страхових портфелів агрострахування для СК «PZU Україна» на базі актуарної моделі.
Розроблено імітаційну модель для оцінки ризику та збалансованості страхових портфелів агрострахування, аналізу прибутковості агрострахування СК «PZU Україна.
Зроблено аналіз та прогнозування ризику страхових портфелів (страхування посівів сільськогосподарських озимих культур та страхування майбутнього врожаю у весняному та літньому періоді.) СК «PZU Україна», доходів та витрат агрострахування, формування страхових резервів, прибутковості агрострахування, рентабельності страхової послуги та ін.The main tendencies, problems and prospects of development of agro-industrial complex of Ukraine are analyzed. Mathematical models of insurance risk assessment are analyzed. The risk of agroinsurance insurance portfolios for ІС «PZU Ukraine» has been assessed on the basis of an actuarial model. A simulation model has been developed to assess the risk and balance of agricultural insurance portfolios, to analyze the profitability of agricultural insurance of ІС «PZU Ukraine». The analysis and forecasting of the risk of insurance portfolios (insurance of winter crops and insurance of future harvests in spring and summer) of PZU Ukraine, income and expenses of agricultural insurance, creation of insurance reserves, profitability of agricultural insurance, profitability of insurance services, etc.
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Haruna, Bashiru. "Measuring the Effects of Weather-index Insurance Purchase on Farm Investment and Yield among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437745690.
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Mishra, Khushbu. "Three Essays on Gender and Development Economics: pathways to close gender-related economic gaps in developing agrarian economies in areas of asset, risk, and credit constraints." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499095625448078.
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Wan, Wei. "FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR BREEDING SOW INSURANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA’S HUBEI PROVINCE." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/22.
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China is the world’s largest pork producer and consumer, and Hubei Province is one of the top pork production provinces in China. Since problems and risks have led to large-scale reduction of pork production and farmers’ income, Chinese government offers various policy measures to help farmers. Breeding sow insurance is considered as one of the most effective measures started in 2007. To better understand farmer’s need for breeding sow insurance and make proper policy insights, our research is the first empirical study in Hubei Province and one of the pioneer studies investigate farmer’s willingness to pay(WTP) for breeding sow insurance premium and preferred coverage level. Survey questionnaires were distributed to breeding sow farmers in 5 townships from Shayang County, Hubei Province. Based on random utility theory, we use tobit model to examine the factors that affect farmer’s WTP and preferred coverage level. The results showed that famers’ average WTP for premium was ¥14.4 and average preferred coverage level was ¥1191, both exceeded current values. Farmers’ trust towards insurance companies, household income, and knowledge about breeding sow insurance significantly affect their WTP and preferred coverage level.
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Farrin, Kathleen Maura. "Escape from Poverty Traps: Three Essays on the Effects of Policy Intervention on Agricultural Productivity and Welfare among the Rural Poor." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373928184.
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Ye, Tao. "Inter-sectoral and Inter-temporal Diversification of Agricultural Disaster Risk : Equilibrium Analysis of Risk Sharing Puzzle and the Role of Government." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/88039.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第15002号
工博第3176号
新制||工||1477(附属図書館)
27452
UT51-2009-R726
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 小林 潔司, 教授 多々納 裕一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Cavanaugh, Grant. "Direct Climate Markets: the Prospects for Trading Teleconnection Risk." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/16.
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This dissertation provides the analysis necessary to launch the first direct climate markets. Combining statistical modeling with qualitative interviews, I build off of an innovative insurance project to show why and how to start traded markets on indexes of El Niño/La Niña. I provide statistical models of El Niño/La Niña's worldwide economic impacts; a stochastic catalog used to price virtually any risk management contract on El Niño/La Niña, even as new forecasts change traders' expectations; a comprehensive statistical description of the lifecycle of new derivatives showing how the prospects for new derivatives changed fundamentally in the last decade (this work is co-authored by Michael Penick, Senior Economist at the US government's derivatives regulator, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission); and, interviews with risk management professionals at businesses facing El Niño/La Niña risk and financial firms interested in trading that risk. Based on this analysis, I conclude that catastrophe bonds settling on NOAA's Niño 3.4 sea surface temperatures can, and likely will, launch in the near future.
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Newton, John C. "Policy Options for Managing Risk in a Modern Dairy Economy." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385134137.
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Teegerstrom, Trent, Russell Tronstad, and Stuart Nakamoto. "An Overview of Risk Management Agency Insurance Products and Farm Service Agency Programs Available for Arizona Agricultural Producers as of December 2012." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265332.
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Burgo, Marcelo Nery. "Caracterização espacial de riscos na agricultura e implicações para o desenvolvimento de instrumentos para seu gerenciamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-09052005-140315/.
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O risco de produtividade afeta diretamente a renda do produtor rural, mas existem diversas ferramentas de administração que visam diminuir esses riscos. O trabalho apresenta, a partir de uma revisão abrangente da literatura, os possíveis ganhos e perdas que a diversificação espacial como controle de risco oferecem ao produtor rural. Através de mapas que apresentam medidas estatísticas de dispersão e evidenciam o efeito da distância e da direção geográfica na correlação da produtividade da soja entre regiões, pode-se mostrar como a diversificação espacial pode beneficiar o produtor rural. Com a utilização de dados do IBGE e de métodos estatísticos bayesianos foram estimados prêmios líquidos de seguro para a soja e estudado o efeito da diversificação espacial no cálculo desses prêmios de seguro. Os resultados obtidos ao longo do trabalho permitem concluir que as produtividades variam espacialmente com mais intensidade no sentido da latitude (leste-oeste) do que no sentido da longitude (norte-sul). Ainda, foi possível verificar que o cálculo da taxa de prêmio líquido de seguro a partir da regressão das produtividades anteriores retorna valores mais baixos do que quando calculada pela média desses dados e que a diversificação espacial reduz o prêmio médio do seguro em comparação a quando o seguro é calculado para cada município individualmente.The productivity risk affects the income of the rural producer directly but several administration tools that seek to reduce those risks exist. The work presents, starting from an including revision of the literature, the possible earnings and losses that the space diversification as risk control offers to the rural producer. Through maps that present statistical measures of dispersion and they evidence the effect of the distance and of the geographical direction in the correlation of the productivity of the soy among areas, it can be shown as the space diversification can benefit the rural producer. With the use of data of IBGE and of statitical bayesian methods they were dear liquid prizes of insurance for the soy and studied the effect of the space diversification in the calculation of those prizes of safe. The results obtained along the work allow to conclude that the productivities vary espacialmente with more intensity in the latitudinal direction (east-west) than in the longitudinal direction (north-south). Still, it was possible to verify that the calculation of the tax of liquid prize of insurance starting from the regression of the previous productivities returns lower values than when made calculations by the average of those data and that the space diversification reduces the medium prize of the insurance in comparison with when the insurance is calculated for each municipal district individually.
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Hartell, Jason. "EARTHQUAKE RISK IN INDONESIA: PARAMETRIC CONTINGENT CLAIMS FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTION RESILIENCY." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/23.
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This dissertation explores the use of an index based contingent claims mechanism against earthquake risk in Indonesia. It focuses on time critical financing needs of international humanitarian relief organizations, and on efforts to improve the resiliency of geographically constrained financial institutions whose clientele are exposed to disaster risk. The approach uses measures of ground motion intensity as the basis for the index. The humanitarian response mechanism provides a new way for private sector partners to participate and gain visibility in their support of principled humanitarian funding. Index based contingent claims for local banks are shown to enhance their ability to recover and continue lending to the community after an event. Financial risk management may also substitute for a portion of the lender's precautionary capital buffer, enabling greater financial inclusion. Wholesale lenders with local bank networks having earthquake exposure can enhance these effects by offering group policies.
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Calve, Leandro. "Estimativa de perda potencial de soja no Paraná através de métodos agrometeorológicos para fins de seguro agrícola." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256873.
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Orientador: Maria Angela FagnaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T02:13:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calve_Leandro_M.pdf: 2398986 bytes, checksum: a7283481da38e108eb31d882ea92f5ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Uma das formas utilizadas em todo o mundo para minimizar os impactos financeiros ao produtor causados por eventos climáticos é o seguro rural. No Brasil, existe a necessidade de um maior investimento na análise dos riscos climáticos para a precificação do seguro agrícola, para que seja mais amplo e de melhor acesso por parte dos produtores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se, na análise do uso do balanço hídrico e da ocorrência dos veranicos, há correlação entre perdas históricas e os sinistros ocorridos em uma região e, também, com a estimativa de perda na safra corrente, permitindo com isso uma melhor análise dos riscos climáticos para o mercado segurador e para os produtores terem uma melhor ferramenta de gestão dos seus riscos. Esse trabalho foi elaborado com base nos dados históricos de seguro da cultura soja fornecidos pela Cia. de Seguros Aliança do Brasil, dados de produção do IBGE, situação de plantio e colheita da SEAB - PR e dados meteorológicos fornecidos pelo Agritempo - EMBRAPA/UNICAMP. Os municípios utilizados foram escolhidos pela representatividade na produção da soja no Estado do Paraná e diversidade climática entre eles. Foram correlacionados os dados de veranicos com os sinistros ocorridos, bem como calculados os Balanços Hídricos decendiais e diários da cultura e também correlacionados com as sinistralidades ocorridas. Verificou-se que, para a análise de risco do seguro da cultura da soja, as probabilidades de ocorrências de veranicos entre 6 e 11 dias são os que têm melhor correlação com os sinistros. Além disso, com a análise de perda potencial obtida através do Balanço Hídrico Diário da cultura, pode-se observar os períodos responsáveis pelas quedas de produção que influenciam os avisos de sinistros em cada município. A análise das probabilidades de ocorrência de veranicos junto com a análise da perda potencial da produção da cultura da soja, nos municípios estudados, mostrou-se como boa ferramenta para a análise do risco de ocorrências de sinistros por seca. Isto permitiu a elaboração de uma metodologia para análise de risco climático tanto para os produtores planejarem melhor o plantio, através da escolha de variedades e datas mais adequadas de plantio, quanto para as empresas seguradoras terem sustentação para poderem calcular mais eficientemente seus riscos e suas taxas
Abstract: Crop Insurance is one of the ways used around the world to minimize financial impacts to farmers caused by extreme weather events. In Brazil, it is necessary a greater investment in climate risk management to development rates, to expand and improve access to insurance market by producers. The aim of this study was to verify by analysis, the use of water balance associated with the probability of dry periods has a correlation between historical losses and claims incurred and also with the estimated loss in the current season, thus allowing a better analysis of climate risks to the insurance market for producers and provide a robust tool for managing their risk of loss of production. This work was based on historical data base of soybean crop insurance provided from Companhia de Seguros Aliança do Brasil, crop yield data from IBGE, context of planting and harvesting of SEAB - PR and meteorological data provided by Agritempo - EMBRAPA/UNICAMP. The cities studied were chosen for representation in soybean production in Paraná and climatic diversity among them. Data were correlated with dry spells for claims incurred and calculated daily water balance method decennial and culture and also correlated with the claim occurred. It was found that for the analysis of insurance risk of soybean, the probabilities of occurrence of dry spells between 6 and 11 days are those with the best correlation with the claims. Furthermore, the analysis of loss potential obtained from daily water balance of the crops can be observed responsible periods for yield decrease that have influenced the notices of claims in each county. Analysis of the likelihood of droughts along with analysis of the potential loss of soybean production in the counties studied, proved to be a good tool for analyzing the risk of claim by drought. This allowed the elaboration of climate risk methodology analysis to producers plan better by choosing the planting of more suitable varieties and dates of planting more appropriate, and to support the insurance companies have to be able to more efficiently calculate their risks and charges
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Smith, Chaquenta L. "EFFECTS OF FAMILY STRUCTURE ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE OF YOUTH IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA REGION." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/17.
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A large body of research, typically nationally focused, has examined the relationship between family structure, educational attainment, and healthcare access. Within this field of study, there is limited availability of regionally based studies, specifically the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) region. This exploratory study examines the effects of family structure on high school graduation rates and health insurance coverage within the LMD region. The objective is to determine if family structure has a direct impact on the educational attainment and health outcomes of a child within the region using concepts from nationally focused literature. Through the use of an OLS regression, we find that family structure does not have a strong impact on the educational attainment of children within the region. However, we did find that family structure had a strong impact on the health insurance coverage of youth within the region. Additionally, we examine the impact that spatial location and race has on these variables. These results can encourage the development of potential intervention programs, outreach initiatives, and other programs geared toward helping youth within the region. The study's conclusions provide insight on the impact of family structure on health and education thus encouraging further research within the LDM region.
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Makaudze, Ephias M. "Do seasonal climate forecasts and crop insurance really matter for smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe? Using contingent valuation method and remote sensing applications." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110389049.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 155 p.; also includes map, graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-155). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Dant, Madeline L. "AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS IMPACTING HAY AUCTION PRICES AND THE POTENTIAL FOR NAP TO REDUCE ALFALFA REVENUE RISK." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/52.
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Hay auctions have generally been understudied due to their unique market structure. Therefore, the factors that influence the price of hay at auction markets are not well-known. The price of hay at auction markets reflects the various characteristics that differentiate each lot of hay sold. This study is aimed at analyzing the determinants of Central Kentucky hay prices. A hedonic price model is estimated using data collected from a Central Kentucky hay auction. Known hay attributes include forage species, form, bale weight, and nutritive value. An important aspect of this analysis is to determine whether the quality measures of the hay are significant factors in determining hay prices in this auction setting. While price discovery of hay is important, it is also important to know about the insurance that is available to producers. Insurance for hay production is very limited with only two insurance programs available to Kentucky producers. An evaluation of the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program is conducted by simulating yields from an alfalfa producer and alfalfa trials from University of Kentucky Agriculture Research Centers in Princeton and Lexington, Kentucky. This analysis reveals the effectiveness of the coverage levels offered through the program for alfalfa producers in Kentucky.
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Jette-Nantel, Simon. "Implications of Off-Farm Income for Farm Income Stabilization Policies." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/15.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines to what extent off-farm diversification may be an appropriate and accessible tool to mitigate the adverse effects from market failures and incompleteness in the crop and farm income insurance market. While the influence of the nonfarm sector has long been recognized as a primary force in shaping farm structure, off-farm income is rarely acknowledge as a risk management tool for operators and households of commercial farms. The dissertation develops a dynamic model that includes capital market imperfections, economies of scale in farm production, and the presence of adjustment costs in labor allocation decisions. The model provides a realistic characterization of the environment defining income and financial risks faced by farm operators, as well as the risk management alternatives available to them.
It is found that introducing off-farm labor can substantially mitigate the adverse effects of farm income risk on farm operators' and households' welfare, even for larger commercial farms. However, the diversification of labor by the main operator seems to impose labor and managerial constraints that can reduce the intensity and technical efficiency of the farm production. Alternatively, diversification at the household level through the allocation of spousal labor off the farm provides benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of farm income risk on farm production and efficiency, and on operators and households welfare. It thus provides an efficient risk management alternative that is consistent with most rationales that are invoked to justify farm policies.
Results suggest that the increasing incidence and importance of off-farm income within the farm population of most OECD countries is highly relevant in the design of effective farm policies This form of diversification can reduce the need and effectiveness of farm income stabilization polices. While it has been argued elsewhere that broader economic policies had a large influence in closing the income gap between farm and urban households, such policies may also have a role to play in addressing farm income risk issues and, in some cases, may represent more sustainable and efficient policy alternatives.
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Sall, Moussa. "Les exploitations agricoles familiales face aux risques agricoles et climatiques : stratégies développées et assurances agricoles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20063/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’agriculture familiale s’affiche indéniablement comme un pilier de la sécurité alimentaire nationale. Elle représente près de 80% des exploitations en Afrique sub-saharienne et emploie 75% des actifs. Dans le Bassin arachidier, les exploitations agricoles familiales ont généralement une superficie moyenne comprise entre un et cinq hectares mais, elles font face aux divers défis de sécurité alimentaire, d’équité sociale et de durabilité environnementale. En outre, elles sont confrontées à des contraintes structurelles d’ordre organisationnel et économique dans un contexte d’incertitude climatique. Ainsi, cette thèse cherche à comprendre les stratégies mises en œuvre par les exploitations familiales face aux différents risques ainsi que les propositions alternatives des autres acteurs du développement du secteur. Il s’agit, à la fois, d’identifier les principales contraintes se posant aux exploitations et les stratégies qu’elles occasionnent pour proposer des stratégies complémentaires ou alternatives dans le cadre d’analyse de la gestion du risque. Pour une telle visée, nous avons appréhendé les concepts d’exploitation agricole familiale, de risque, de vulnérabilité et d’assurance agricole pour prendre en compte les dimensions de cet objet de recherche. Ce cadre théorique et conceptuel a été opérationnalisé sur le terrain au sein d’exploitations agricoles, en donnant la parole aux chefs d’exploitation. Plusieurs enquêtes ont été réalisées et ont porté sur les indicateurs sociodémographiques, structurels et techniques, sur les principaux risques et contraintes au niveau des exploitations, sur la perception de l’assurance agricole. Les principaux risques identifiés sont agricoles et climatiques. Les exploitations agricoles familiales considèrent l’accès aux intrants (engrais et semences) et au matériel agricole comme une contrainte structurelle, en plus du déficit pluviométrique. Aussi, il ressort une vulnérabilité importante dans ses trois composantes au niveau des exploitations agricoles du Bassin. Cette réflexion montre les limites des stratégies développées par les exploitations agricoles pour améliorer leur résilience dans le contexte pluvial du Bassin arachidier ; et justifie la nécessité d’aller vers de nouvelles stratégies complémentaires. L’une des pistes que nous avons explorée est l’assurance indicielle agricole. Son couplage au crédit, comme garantie pour les institutions financières et pour disposer de fonds de roulement, est positivement apprécié par les souscripteurs qui, à hauteur de 95%, sont prêts à prolonger l’utilisation des polices d’assuranceFamily farming undeniably appears as a pillar of national food security. It represents nearly 80% of farms in sub-Saharan Africa and employs 75% of assets. In the groundnut basin, family farms generally have an average size between one and five hectares, but they face the various challenges of food security, social equity and environmental sustainability. In addition, they face structural constraints of organizational and economic order in a context of climate uncertainty. Thus, this thesis seeks to understand the strategies used by family farms toward the various risks and alternative proposals from other actors in the sector's development. It is, at once, to identify the main constraints arising farms and strategies they cause to propose additional or alternative strategies in the analysis of the risk management framework. For such an aim, we arrested the concepts of family farm, risk, vulnerability and agricultural insurance to reflect the dimensions of this subject for research. This theoretical and conceptual framework was operationalized on the field within farms, giving a voice to farm managers. Several investigations have been conducted and focused on socio-demographic, structural and technical indicators, principal risks and constraints at the farm level, the perception of agricultural insurance. It appears from this study that the main risks identified are agriculture and climate. Family farms consider access to inputs (fertilizer and seed) and farm equipment as a structural constraint in the rainfall deficit. Also, it appears a significant vulnerability in its three components at farm level Basin. This reflection shows the limits of the strategies developed by the farms to improve their resilience in the context of rained groundnut basin; and justifies the need to go to new complementary strategies. One of the tracks that we have explored is the agricultural index insurance. Its coupling to credit, as collateral to financial institutions and to provide working capital is positively appreciated by the subscribers who, up to 95%, are willing to extend the use of insurance policies