Dissertations / Theses: 'Agricultural labour in India'

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Pandya, Kiran. "Agrarian structure, new technology and labour absorption in Indian agriculture : an empirical investigation of Gujarat." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336068.

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Janowski, Zachary. "The decline of the caste system: 19th century transformations in Indian agricultural labor." Thesis, Boston University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27681.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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Chilka, Rashmi Bali. "The politics of location : bonded labor in Jaunsar Bawar, North India /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10501.

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Malaeb, Bilal. "Coping with rural risk : assets, labour allocation, migration, and community networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/coping-with-rural-risk-assets-labour-allocation-migration-and-community-networks(31147d2b-92a2-4590-a6f5-8f27c29fe645).html.

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Given the importance of agricultural income for rural households, erratic weather conditions pose an austere threat to these households' livelihoods. This thesis explores ways through which households in agrarian economies smooth their consumption, engage in community networks, and readjust their labour allocation in response to shocks. In a setting of inherent risk, absence of institutional insurance, and labour market inefficiencies, poor households are often left to their own devices to cope with risk. The aim of this study is to examine the different risk-coping strategies adopted by households in rural India, assess their effectiveness, and derive implications for public policy. The results suggest that, in an environment characterised by agro-climatic risk, households are able to self-insure and smooth their consumption in the face of income shocks. Their coping mechanisms, however, may reduce their resilience to future shocks. In fact, small landholders tend to rely more heavily on their productive asset stock, while medium landholders find it optimal to preserve and accumulate their productive assets when exposed to exogenous income shocks. Households also change their labour allocation and reduce their self-employment in agriculture. Furthermore, households in rural areas can migrate to urban areas or engage in societal risk-sharing arrangements to mitigate the risk. The results of this thesis suggest that being part of a community network discourages individuals' migration and increases the likelihood of undertaking riskier activities. The findings also confirm the importance of portfolio adjustments and the diversification of household assets in buffering consumption. These conclusions form the basis of several policy implications, the most important of which is providing formal insurance schemes to encourage the accumulation of assets, technology, and skills.

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Larkin, Sherrie N. "Workin' on the contract : St Lucian farmworkers in Ontario, a study of international labour migration /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/NQ42747.pdf.

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Chaudhary, Neelam. "Labour in Mughal India /." New Delhi : Aravali Books International, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40161348z.

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Rogaly, Ben. "Rural labour arrangements in West Bengal, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:add7f922-11fa-4074-8770-39701151a2a7.

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The aim of this thesis is to explain the existence and coexistence of diverse hired labour arrangements in two contrasting localities in rural West Bengal (India). Hired labour arrangements for seasonal migrants are included in the analysis, the methods for which are drawn from a review of the contractual arrangements literature. One study locality, in Bardhaman District, was characterised by double-cropping of paddy facilitated by groundwater irrigation, the other, in Purulia District, by rainfed paddy cultivation. The structure of landownership was skewed - more so in the Bardhaman locality. Daily employment records were kept by ninety-two sampled households over two seasons. In each locality six different indigenous types of hired labour arrangement were identified. Analysis of the rationales for the existence and coexistence of these labour arrangements and of the variation within each type confirmed the embeddedness of the terms and conditions of labour hire (including those for migrant labour) in the land-holding structure, in ideologies of gender and caste, and in party political allegiances. Possibilities for and constraints on hiring out labour in particular arrangements are explained in part by the logic of deployment of household labour to unwaged reproductive and productive work, which is also socially embedded in the same way. The thesis thus sets a new agenda for research. It questions the received wisdom on rural labour exchange in India: i) that villages tend to have just one wage rate for 'casual' labour determined by supply and demand alone, ii) that stylised labour arrangements (eg 'casual' and 'attached') are appropriate occupational classifications for individuals and households, and iii) that rural labour is immobile. If the coexistence of diverse labour arrangements is to be explained, more, careful microstudies are required, so that a typology of socio-economic, political and agro-ecological contexts can be developed.

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Kurzweil, Marianne. "Interdependencies between agricultural and labour markets." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/999600532/04.

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Sundar, Aparna. "The state and labour : party regimes and state-labour relationships in three Indian states." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69604.

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The role of the political party in power in mediating the relationship between the state and labour was examined. The Indian states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal--each governed by a political party representing a different ideology and class coalition--were compared in terms of conditions for workers. Other factors likely to affect the position of workers in the state, such as its industrial profile, and the strength of its labour movement prior to the period under study, were also considered.
It was found that, although the nature of the party regime did significantly influence the state-labour relationship, workers were not necessarily better off under the most sympathetic and interventionist party. The nature of industry in the state was central in determining conditions for workers. Thus, the party in power influenced conditions for workers as much through policies not aimed specifically at workers, as through intervention in industrial relations.

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Rai, Pronoy. "The Indian State and the Micropolitics of Food Entitlements." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1368004369.

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11

Chhachhi, Amrita. "Eroding citizenship gender and labour in contemporary India /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/73687.

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12

Pal, Sarmistha. "Choice of casual and regular labour contracts in Indian agriculture : a theoretical and empirical analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1347/.

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The dissertation examines the choice between casual and regular labour contracts in Indian agriculture. In particular, it deals with two relevant decision problems: (i) how an employer chooses between casual and regular contracts and (ii) how a labourer chooses between casual and regular contracts. Several models of contractual choice are developed. In the implicit contract model, regular labour contracts are a means through which risk-neutral employers offer some insurance against the wage and employment fluctuations to labourers, in return for lower wages. In the shirking model, regular contracts are used to perform non-monitorable tasks for which casual contracts are not incentive compatible: regular contracts with wages above the reservation wage act as a device to induce the workers not to shirk in non-monitorable tasks. In the collateral model, regular contracts with advance wage payments provide labourers with a means of using their labour services as a collateral substitute. The time constraint model shows that landless labourers have a comparative advantage in regular labour contracts, because the opportunity cost of precommitting labour time tends to be lower for them. In each of these models, it is shown that casual and regular contracts may coexist in equilibrium. Empirical evidence bearing on these different theories is examined using data from three South Indian villages. The evidence is consistent with the implicit contract model, the collateral model and the time constraint model. However, we find no support for the shirking model. Other relevant aspects of labour contracts are also investigated, including labour force participation decisions, unemployment rates, the relative levels of casual-labour and regular-labour wages, the links between labour and credit contracts, and the determinants of labour demand. The thesis concludes with a discussion of recent trends in the incidence of casual and regular contracts in rural India. The incidence of regular contracts has steadily declined in recent years. We argue that this decline primarily reflects a decline in supply (due, inter alia, to an improvement of credit facilities and an expansion of alternative employment opportunities) rather than a decline of demand.

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Liu, Gerald. "Agricultural wage labour in fifteenth-century England." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3353/.

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This dissertation is researching the employment of different types of agricultural labourer in the ending phase of the middle ages. The purpose is to question the method of using casual wage evidence to interpret changes in the labourer’s income in the current study of late medieval economic history. My criticism of the traditional method is that, since casual wage evidence is composed of the price of finishing a piece of work, it is inappropriate to use that evidence to interpret incomes without the information of how many pieces of work done by the labourer. The said information is, indeed, mostly unavailable. My proposition to solve this problem is to use the salaries paid to the permanent farm worker, who was hired by year. The approach of this research is, firstly, to demonstrate the limitations of the traditional method and, secondly, to demonstrate that the salary paid to the permanent worker is a useful tool for understanding the changes in the labourer’s income. In particular, the discussion is separated into five chapters. At first, I intend to illustrate that casual wage evidence illustrates only one aspect of the fifteenth-century agricultural labour market and that from the same source material more information apart from wage data is available and allows us to examine other aspects of wage labour. With the information, I shall argue that job opportunities in the casual sector were limited by farming seasons; and that, except for a few villagers, casual employment only accounted for a minor part of the yearly income. It shall be illustrated that apart from casual labourers, the manorial demesne employed the other two types of labourers, who were potentially more important than casual labourers in terms of the cost and the labour input. Between the two, labour services were persistently employed, but their important were dwindling, whilst the permanent workers were the main labour force purposely maintained on the demesne. This finding proves that the employment of casual labour was relatively insignificant. It also illustrates that the permanent posts were a more secure source of income than casual hire. In this context, casual hire was paid higher daily wages, but its availability was limited; the permanent contract was poorly paid, but it guaranteed a secure livelihood across the year. This explains why, when job opportunities were relatively expanded in the casual sector during labour shortage, labourers would turn down permanent contracts for casual hire, in the hope for a better income. Following this context, we would expect to see that during our period, when depopulation was continued, the employer of permanent workers was forced to improve the job offer to match the potential income a labourer could earn in the casual sector. The trend in the value of the permanent labourer’s salary, therefore, should reflect the changes in the agricultural labourer’s income in general. An index of the permanent labourer’s salary will be presented to illustrate this rising trend.

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Bhalotra, Sonia R. "Four essays on the urban labour market in India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9a092af7-55fe-48f9-b5bb-42c9ad385bdb.

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This thesis explores labour market processes in urban India. Investigating large and persistent differentials in urban unemployment rates across the Indian states, we find that regions with higher wage push or better amenities have higher unemployment rates, controlling for labour force composition. The differentials are maintained by rural-urban migration rather than by barriers to inter-state migration. Our investigation of wage determination yields evidence of imperfect competition in the labour market which is not simply 'institutional'. Indian firms pay efficiency wages which induce sufficient productivity gains to pay for themselves. After identifying the long and short run structural processes in the labour market, we consider recent aggregate trends in India's factory sector. There was negative employment growth in the 1980s even as output growth touched record levels. Our analysis suggests that this had less to do with wage growth, as proposed by the World Bank, and more to do with increasing work intensity, encouraged by wage incentives, improved infrastructure and increased competition. Considerable slack was inherited from the past, evidence of which flows from the wage and production function estimates. We find that increased labour utilization raises capacity utilization. This is important because Indian industry has chronically carried large excess capacity. A breakthrough in total factor productivity growth accompanied declining employment in the 1980s and has been interpreted as the reward of deregulation in this decade. Existing studies mismeasure productivity growth by neglecting labour utilization (hours) and assuming perfectly competitive product markets. We produce new estimates at the aggregate and industry levels. A natural ceiling to hours worked moderates bad news on the employment front and good news on the productivity front. Our analyses are expected to contribute to the evaluation of current and controversial policy changes in India.

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Kurzweil, Marianne [Verfasser]. "Interdependencies between Agricultural and Labour Markets / Marianne Kurzweil." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1161301208/34.

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Vartavarian, Mesrob George. "Military labour and the company state in India, 1780-1830." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708432.

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Fagernas, Sonja Annette Elisabet. "Empirical essays on labour markets, governance and institutions in India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612369.

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18

Mehrotra, Ishita. "Political economy of rural female labour : a study of labour relations in east Uttar Pradesh (UP), India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16623/.

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Asthana, Roli. "The political economy of policy reform : labour market regulation in India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2277/.

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The central questions posed by this thesis are: what are the effects of labour market regulations pertaining to job security in India, and why are these regulations so difficult to reform. The thesis finds that job security regulations have a negative effect on both efficiency and equity. They have a significantly negative impact on employment in all categories. They benefit a small minority of highly educated and high human capital workers, while excluding the large majority of the labour force from secure, protected work. They also have a negative impact on output, as they discourage investment. This is shown through a ranking of twenty four Indian states according to the strictness of job security regulations. Highly labour regulated states have lower levels of investment, leading to a negative impact on output, employment and real wage. In this way, these regulations harm both efficiency and equity. In saying this, this thesis supports the distortion view of job security regulations as held by the World Bank, and refutes the institutional view as held by the International Labour Office (ILO). The findings of this thesis show that the result of high levels job security regulations do not cause a necessary trade-off between efficiency and equity (sacrificing the former to get more of the latter), but that the result is a negative impact on both efficiency and equity. The thesis then asks why policies that reduce both efficiency and equity are so difficult to reform in a democracy like India. It explores this by doing an inter-state analysis of policy reform in ten Indian states, considering each state as a separate democracy. It finds conclusive evidence that political factors influence the capacity and motivation to carry out labour policy reform, and it analyse what factors these might be. We use a multi-pronged political economy approach in this thesis. We use extensive historical and institutional analysis, combined with fairly simple, but powerful, empirical analysis. Most of our empirical analysis relies largely on simple and straightforward ordinary least squares (OLS). We are encouraged by the fact that we use four different datasets, and all four give us the same significant result. This gives us confidence in the strength and robustness of our findings.

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Sen, Samita. "Women and labour in late colonial India : the Bengal jute industry /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37097970j.

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Mohan, Taneesha Devi. "Labour tying arrangements : an enduring aspect of agrarian capitalism in India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3317/.

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This thesis explores the persistence of labour tying arrangements among female labourers in agriculture in India. This research is a comparative study of women’s labour tying in Aranthangi (Tamil Nadu) and Chinsurah (West Bengal). I argue that these labour arrangements are driven through familial/gendered relations, exercise of power at the village level, and macroeconomic and political forces. Set against the backdrop of rising feminisation of agricultural wage employment coupled with growing insecurity of work and survival, this study identifies that rural female labour (which is predominantly agrarian) is commoditized and under-valued. Consequently, the female labourer is often drawn into exploitative labour contracts. I identify rural labour in this thesis through Bernstein’s category of ‘classes of labour’ (1996; 2010). In this study, I identify the ways in which the classes of labour enter labour tying arrangements in agriculture. The presence of labour tying is often understood through the ideological divisions of Classical Marxist and Neo-classical analyses. Classical Marxist analysis understands these labour arrangements as remnants of pre-capitalist society, which withers away with commercialization of agriculture. Neo-classical theorists identify these labour arrangements as mutually beneficial relations for both the employer and labourer. Moving away from this binary understanding of the presence of tied labour, I use Hart’s analytical framework to show how the presence of tied labour among female ‘classes of labour’ are an outcome of multi-scalar power relations in rural society. I posit that these multi-scalar power relations in rural society create relations of dependency, obligation and privilege that draw female labourers into tied labour arrangements. I identify, these multi-scalar power relations as regimes of labour tying, where unfreedom experienced therein, are differentiated along gender, class and caste identities. The regime of labour tying, therefore, needs to be understood as a process that is here to stay, and of which female agrarian labour occupy an unfair share.

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Subbaraman, Subhashini. "Essays on child labour, its relation with competitiveness of labour intensive exports, its determinants and education in India." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16067.

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Diese Dissertation ist eine Sammlung von Artikeln, die sich auf Kinderarbeit beziehen. In mehreren Ländern wurde eine Analyse durchgeführt, welche die Leistungsfähigkeit von arbeitsintensiven Exportgeschäften beurteilte. Das Ergebnis enthüllte, dass Kinderarbeit arbeitsintensive Exporttätigkeiten negativ beeinflusste gemessen am Bruttosozialprodukt. Die Faktoren zur Kinderarbeit wurden genauer untersucht, indem Datenmaterial von nationalen Stichprobenerhebungen Indiens benützt wurden. Man fand heraus, dass familiäre Eigenschaften, insbesondere der Bildungsgrad, ein bedeutsames Verhältnis zu den täglichen Tätigkeiten eines Kindes aufweist. Mit der gleichen Datengrundlage wurden die finanziellen Auswirkungen von Ausbildung im „informellen und formellen“ Arbeitsmarkt für die Städte und die ländlichen Regionen Indiens untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die finanziellen Auswirkungen im „informellen Arbeitsmarkt“ sowie in ländlichen Regionen und im primären Wirtschaftssektor geringer ausfielen. Eine Kostennutzenanalyse wurde durchgeführt, um den tatsächlichen Nutzen von Ausbildungskosten für alle Kinder ohne jegliche Schulausbildung zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Durchführung solcher Projekte für die indische Regierung sogar von großem Nutzen wäre.
This Dissertation is a collection of articles all related to child labour. A multi country analysis estimating performance of labour intensive exports was performed and the results revealed that child labour negatively influenced the labour intensive exports share to GDP. Using National Sample Survey data from India, determinants of child labour were studied. It was found that family characteristics, especially literacy levels had a significant relationship with the daily activity status of the child. With the same data set, returns to education in the informal and formal labour markets were studied for rural and urban India. Results showed that returns were lower in the informal market, rural regions and in the primary sector. A Cost Benefit Analysis was performed to examine the net benefits of educating all out of school children and the results showed that such a project would be within the reach of Indian Government.

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Roy, Suzie. "Economics of small scale jatropha production for biofuels in India." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104695.

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Biofuels as a fossil energy alternative have gained worldwide attention for many years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the viability of the use of jatropha production for biofuels in India. The first objective was to create a data base since data were limited and jatropha yields presented in literature were quite variable. The available data were organized in a comparative table and used for a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and a sensitivity analysis (SA). An economic model was developed to present the analyses which extended over a 20 year period for two scenarios, either with fertilization and irrigation or not. The secondary objective was to determine which conditions are required to achieve jatropha profitability. This involved calculating the impacts on Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) when key variables change. Based on a negative NPV, the first scenario was not economically viable under the initial conditions (no irrigation/fertilization). However, small changes in the initial conditions could provide a foundation for more interest, either from a governmental perspective or private investors. An increase of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) provided by the Indian government from USD 0.83 to USD 0.87/liter, for jatropha oil, will cause the NPV to reach the break even point. When the wage rate is reduced by one cent/hr, it generates a positive NPV (USD 63). Furthermore, a decrease in the interest rate from 11.42% to 6.63% would be sufficient to reach the break even point. The second scenario provided a positive NPV (USD 2682) based on the initial conditions (irrigation/ fertilization). However, the discount rate (12%) was still greater than the IRR(10%) which means that the project would be rejected from a purely private sector perspective. Increasing the MSP by four cents creates an IRR of 14%. Decreasing the harvesting wage rate by one cent/hr generates an IRR equal to the discount rate. A 6 cents/hr wage rate decrease for processing jatropha seeds is required to generate the same result. Future research should evaluate the benefits derived from the value of jatropha byproducts and carbon credits. However, since the yields are based on expectations, significant deviations in harvest yields and profitability might be observed and continue to represent a material risk to projects. It is recommended to wait for reliable data on Indian jatropha plantations before proceeding with such projects.
Les biocarburants utilisés comme alternative à l'énergie fossile ont reçu l'attention mondiale depuis plusieurs années. Le but de cette étude était d'examiner la viabilité de l'utilisation de production de jatropha pour la fabrication de biodiesel en Inde. Le premier objectif était de créer une base de données sur la production de jatropha puisqu'elles sont limitées dans la littérature en plus d'être considérablement différentes. Les données disponibles sont présentées dans un tableau comparatif et utilisées pour une analyse de coûts bénéfices ainsi que pour une analyse de sensitivité. Un modèle économique a été développé pour présenter les analyses sur une période de 20 ans pour deux scénarii: soit avec ou sans irrigation et fertilisation. Le deuxième objectif était de déterminer les conditions requises pour qu'une plantation de jatropha soit profitable. Cela impliquait de calculer l'impact sur la valeur actuelle nette ainsi que sur le taux de rentabilité interne lorsque les variables clés varient. Le premier scénario n'est pas rentable respectant les conditions initiales (sans irrigation/fertilisation) basé sur la valeur actuelle nette négative. Toutefois, de petites variations au niveau des revenus ou des coûts initiaux, pourraient augmenter l'intérêt d'un investisseur privé ou d'un point de vue gouvernemental. Une augmentation du prix minimum de soutien pour l'huile de jatropha, fourni par le gouvernement indien de 0.83USD à 0.87/litre USD, permet d'atteindre le point mort de la valeur actuelle nette. Lorsque le taux salarial est réduit par un cent/heure, cela génère une valeur actuelle nette positive (63 USD). De plus, une diminution du taux d'intérêt de 11.42 % à 6.63 % est suffisante pour atteindre le point mort. Le deuxième scénario est rentable puisqu'il génère une valeur actuelle nette positive (2682 USD) basé sur les conditions initiales (avec irrigation et fertilisation). Toutefois, le taux d'escompte (12 %) demeure plus élevé que le taux de rendement interne (10 %) cequi signifie que le projet serait rejeté par un investisseur privé. Une augmentation du prix minimum de soutien de quatre cents génère un taux de rendement interne de 14 %. La diminution du taux horaire d'un cent/heure, pour la cueillette, engendre un taux de rendement interne égal au taux d'escompte. Une diminution du taux horaire de 6 cents/heure, pour l'extraction, est requise pour obtenir le même résultat. Les recherches futures devraient investiguer la valeur des sous-produits du jatropha ainsi que des opportunités de crédits carbone. Toutefois, puisque les données sont basées sur des spéculations, d'importantes variations au niveau des récoltes et des profits peuvent être observées et continuer de représenter un risque financier. Il est donc recommandé d'attendre que des données tangibles, à partir de plantations de jatropha indiennes, soient disponibles avant d'investir dans de tels projets.

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Soni-Sinha, Urvashi. "Gendered labour process and flexibility : a study of jewellery production in India." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4382/.

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This study focuses on the production of handmade and machinemade jewellery in three sites in India: Noida Export Processing Zone (NEPZ), Delhi and Medinipur. It draws from and contributes to two strands of literature and extends them. One is the gendered literature on export processing zones (EPZs) and export oriented industries (EOIs). The other is the literature on globalisation, feminisation and flexibility. The thesis poses two major research questions. First, how are jobs in jewellery production constituted as masculine or feminine? Second, how do masculinised and feminised jobs relate to flexibility? The evidence I use to answer these questions is based on materials collected in the course of two field trips to India, of nine months and two months duration between 1996-1998. A questionnaire survey, non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used as methods of data collection. Contrary to much of the literature on EPZs, machinemade jewellery production in NEPZ is predominantly male with 25% female work participation, and handmade jewellery production in NEPZ is entirely male with no female work participation. Handmade jewellery in Delhi has a marginal representation of women as family workers. Only in handmade chain production in the villages of Medinipur is the female labour predominant, in the form of hidden women homeworkers, constituting 64% of the labour time. My study shows that the gender division of labour is not a fixed or given entity but a product of discursive and material practices, which are reproduced through discourses into which different actors invest, and which feed into the gendered subjective identities of these actors. The study breaks down the assumption of a formal labour market in EPZs. There is a wide prevalence of male child labour and subcontracting in all three sites of handmade jewellery production. Contrary to the literature on EPZs and EOIs which show that it is the feminised jobs that are flexible, in machinemade jewellery production in NEPZ there is a slight feminisation of flexibility but it is not very significant. In the handmade jewellery sector in NEPZ and Delhi, labour market flexibility is occurring with a largely masculinised labour force. In Medinipur all labour is flexible and since there is greater representation of women in the labour time, there is some feminisation of flexibility. So no clear linkage can be drawn between the feminisation of jobs and flexible labour within the jewellery industry in India thus complicating the debates on feminisation and flexibility. The study underlines the importance of localised industry studies which are not bounded by a particular space.

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JORGE, ESTEBAN GOMEZ PAREDES. "Labour Footprint: A framework to assess the use of socially undesirable labour in a complex economy." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199412.

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Jaze, Jakleidi, and Shukhmit Kaur. "Female labour force participation in India : Analysing the U-shaped curve of FLFP in India from 1990 to 2017." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36072.

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Bhupal, Ganita. "Development Issues in India: Analysis of Household Consumption Behavior and Health." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376962934.

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Muivah, Yaruipam. "Aspects of Labour Servitude in North-East India : colonialism and the Questions of Slavery and Forced Labour, c. 1870-1930." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0084.

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Cette thèse tente d’écrire l'histoire de la servitude - l'esclavage, la dépendance et le travail forcé dans le nord-est de l'Inde du point de vue de l'histoire globale, sous des formes d'enchevêtrements et de connexions et ce, entre le début du dix-neuvième siècle et du vingtième siècle. Elle cherche à savoir pourquoi certains types de récits sur l'esclavage sont devenus dominants dans la région (dont la délimitation forme une frontière) en raison des dites connexions alors que, dans un même temps, l’utilisation certains des apports les moins connus remet en question ces positions. La thèse essaie également de déterminer comment le travail sous la forme de travail forcé dans la région est devenu une forme prédominante mise à l’œuvre et utilisée par le gouvernement colonial dans ses efforts pour ouvrir la région et la mettre en contact avec différentes parties de l'empire. Cela passe également par le débat et le processus par lesquels le gouvernement colonial a résolu et normalisé la relation entre l'esclavage et le travail forcé face à de nouvelles critiques de missionnaires et de citoyens locaux et soutient que l'utilisation d'un langage juridique était cruciale dans ce discours. La thèse traite également de la question étroitement liée de la manière dont les gens ont résisté à ce processus de normalisation et de changements, et enfin questionne la manière dont cette normalisation a affecté certains groupes de personnes et de tribus - en particulier les femmes et les enfants
The thesis is an attempt to write the history of servitude – slavery, dependency, and forced labour in the North-East India from the global history perspective in the forms of entanglements and connections between the early nineteenth and early twentieth century. It addresses the questions of why certain kinds of narratives on slavery became dominant in the region (being demarcated as a frontier) as a result of these connections, and at the same time using some of the less known accounts challenges these positions. It also tries to locate how labour in the form of forced labour in the region became the predominant form that was extracted and used by the colonial government in its effort to open up the region and connect it with different parts of the empire. It also goes through the debate and the process through which the colonial government resolved and normalized the relation of slavery and forced labour in the face of an emerging critics from missionaries and public back home and argues that the use of legal language was crucial to this discourse. The thesis also deals with the closely related question of how people resisted to this process of normalization and changes, and finally the question of how these normalization affected certain groups of people and tribes – especially women and children

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Mandal, P. "The modelling and analysis of national development strategies for India." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372194.

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Harvey, Emma Louise. "Early agricultural communities in northern and eastern India : an archaeobotanical investigation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444783/.

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Philip, Kimberley A. "The economics of photovoltaic (PV) drip irrigation systems: A case study for India." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10481.

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Agriculture accounts for 50% of India's gross national product and irrigated agriculture for two thirds of the nation's crop output. The energization of agricultural pumpsets is one of the main goals of India's rural electrification program but the economics of these long power line extensions for small power loads are often unfavourable. Other options for satisfying India's need for remote irrigation water supply systems include the use of photovoltaic (PV) pumps. In this study an attempt was made to determine suitable applications for PV pumping systems in the irrigation sector. Drip irrigation was considered the most appropriate method of irrigation for use with a PV pump. Grapes were considered a suitable crop due high water savings under drip irrigation, the perennial nature of the crop, and high economic returns. Insolation, evapotranspiration, and effective precipitation were determined for a number of stations across India. This information was used to calculate irrigation water requirements for grapes and size a suitable PV pumpset. The cost of irrigating with a PV pump was compared to costs for other remote water pumping options and the net present worth of all costs and benefits for grape cultivation were calculated from both an economic and financial perspective. PV pumping systems did not prove to be the least cost option for irrigation due to the exceptionally low cost of diesel pumpsets in India. In spite of this, the net present worth of grape cultivation with a PV drip irrigation system was found tc be positive as was the incremental benefit of PV drip irrigation over surface irrigation with a diesel pump.

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September, Jerome. "Children's rights and child labour: a comparative study of children's rights and child labour legislation in South Africa, Brazil and India." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9175.

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This dissertation will, through the analysis of various pieces of legislation and taking account of the daily realities of children in South Africa, Brazil and India (IBSA), outline the progress made to reduce and eradicate the exploitation of children, through the elimination of child labour. These three countries are chosen because of the particular challenges they face, but also because as part of the IBSA group, they have committed themselves to working together in the advancement of key international matters, including issues of human rights and social justice. The India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA) group has further recently been held up as a global example for the efforts made by nations in the elimination of the worst forms child labour. The ultimate goal is the total elimination of child labour. This dissertation will draw attention to the complexities and contradictions in policy and practice, with particular reference to concepts such as ‘Child Labour’ and the ‘Worst Forms of Child Labour’. This dissertation will compare [the experience of] childhood in these countries, and explore the risk factors that place particular children, and families, at risk of utilising child labour as a source of income.

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Ekine, Data Irene. "Labour input decisions on small subsistence farms in the Rivers State of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294895.

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Tocco, Barbara. "Agricultural employment and inter-sectoral labour mobility in selected EU Member States." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56649/.

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In the last century, and especially with the development of European market integration, economies in Europe experienced a deep restructuring of their agricultural sector. The structural shift away from the primary sector activities, with the reallocation of labour across sectors, is an important engine of economic development. Nonetheless, the patterns and drivers of structural change in the New Member States (NMS) have differed in nature, speed and intensity from those of the EU-15. More importantly, the high incidence of farm employment and family workers in some of the NMS, despite low levels of agricultural training and labour productivity, suggests that farming, particularly in the least developed regions, might be the only viable solution for obtaining a minimum standard of living, especially for those who lack the human capital for 'better' employment opportunities. Against this background, the aim of this research is to investigate the driving forces behind agricultural labour adjustments and, thus, shed light on the facilitators of, and barriers to, labour mobility. The analysis focuses on the linkages between farm and non-farm sectors and explores the determinants of agricultural employment and inter-sectoral labour mobility in six selected Member States (MS): France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. Using national and European micro-level data from labour force and agricultural business surveys, the econometric analysis employs various discrete choice modelling techniques on cross-section and panel data. The key message from this research is that skills mismatch, due to inadequate levels of education and vocational training, and labour market characteristics appear to be the most important impediments to the inter-sectoral and spatial mobility of labour. The mixed evidence in the results across MS reflects the heterogeneous organisational and production structures, implying different constraints or prospects for farm survival and hence different capacities to release and absorb labour. Hence, in order to ensure an efficient allocation of labour and a smooth transition across sectors, investments in human capital and the diversification of rural areas constitute crucial rural development policies. Nonetheless, a one-size-fits-all policy is not appropriate for the wide diversity of rural areas and labour markets across MS. Instead, more targeted and diverse measures should be implemented in order to meet particular needs.

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STANBURY, PAMELA COOK. "PROCESSES OF VILLAGE COMMUNITY FORMATION IN AN AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENT SCHEME: THE INDIRA GANDHI NAHAR PROJECT, INDIA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184165.

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Anthropological research conducted in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Project area of the western Indian state of Rajasthan during 1984-1985 assessed the impact of agricultural land settlement planning on village community formation. The large-scale project, begun in 1957, has brought irrigation water to the extremely arid Thar desert and has brought irrigation water to the extremely arid Thar desert and has dramatically altered the social and physical landscape. Significant efforts have been made by the Government of Rajasthan to select settlers from the poor and landless population, as part of a social welfare policy, allocate agricultural land to them and create new settler communities. A single village, one of the earliest established by the project, was selected for the study of community formation. Historical and contemporary data were collected on five themes: (1) the settler household, (2) kinship, (3) patronage, (4) institution building, and (5) socieconomic stratification. For each theme area, a series of questions were asked regarding the impact of settlement planning. Although settlement planning has been a major influence on the study village, research revealed that settlers arrived under highly diverse circumstances and played diverse roles in the process of community growth. Research also revealed that the village community has maintained some traditional features of Indian social organization in the face of great upheaval associated with settlement. Both the indigenous families and some of the earliest unplanned settlers have developed large local kinship networks, assumed positions of wealth in a hierarchical caste system, and have been involved in building political institutions based on a stratified system. They have also been responsible for attracting later settlers, including both landless agriculturalists and, to a limited extent, service workers. The settlers selected according to settlement policies have not developed extensive kin networks and have been less active in institution building and developing patronage relationships.

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Masindi, Mphedziseni Moses. "The impact of child labour in agricultural sectors in the Vhembe Region : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1409.

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Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) --University of Limpopo, 2015
This mini-dissertation deals with the impact of child labour in the Vhembe Region. Africa reportedly has the highest incidence of child labour in the world. Vhembe as a region and South Africa as a whole has the problem of child labour which is influenced by poverty. To respond to this problem, some scholars recommend an outright ban on child labour through legislation. Child labour refers to dangerous and exploitative work which is carried out at too early an age, involves long working hours, carried out in inadequate conditions, not sufficiently paid, involves excessive responsibility, and undermines the child’s dignity and self-esteem. The mini-dissertation has clearly defined the child labour and discusses the legislative framework, international law framework and the challenges of child labour in the Vhembe Region.

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Yadav, Smita. "Informal labour and livelihood diversification : dignity and agency among the Gonds in central India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61911/.

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In India, the efforts by the welfare state to aid the poor and improve their lives focus on formal, quantifiable, and bureaucratic policies in the form of housing, education, and employment. Yet, little is known about the less formal and experiential aspects of their lives and livelihoods. The Gonds, living in a Central Indian district of Panna in the state of Madhya Pradesh, are one group that has rarely partaken of the above welfare state policies designed to aid them, yet are surviving in the face of continuous threats to their traditional ways of forest-based livelihoods. The Gonds are an indigenous group of people, also known as adivasis, that are categorized as a scheduled tribes (STs). They lack basic literacy and possess no material assets like land. How then are Gonds creating their own forms of social welfare and economic security? Having worked on the Gonds' lives in their labouring roles as majdoors (labourers), and having understood how they experienced hardships has lead me to reflect on how they aspire to live dignified lives and exercise agency within the informal economy. A life-course perspective of Gonds' livelihood practices show that the informal economy works for Gonds because they exercise their agency in various ways, including by demanding desired wages and forms of work that are unavailable through formal welfare state schemes. The Gonds in fact experience dignity as they use the informal economy to stay debt-free, avoid starvation, and create formidable and reliable forms of care for their families. Thus, the thesis contributes to the literature on informal and precarious forms of work in India by showing, through the example of the Gonds, how even though the poor may feel vulnerable and disconnected from formal welfare schemes, they may still experience dignity through livelihood diversification and their exercise of agency and access to social capital. The thesis also presents empirical findings on labour contracts, the informal economy, and poverty.

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Fuller, Dorian Q. "The emergence of agricultural societies in South India: botanical and archaeological perspectives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576552.

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Uchiyamada, Yasushi. "Sacred grove (Kaavu) : ancestral land of landless agricultural labourers' in Kerala, India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283506.

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Barat, Sourav K. "Some environmental implications of agricultural and agro-industrial development in rural India." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291729.

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41

Allen, Benjamin. "The impact of the foot and mouth disease control pathway on milk production in India." Thesis, Purdue University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10151546.

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India has decided to invest in eradicating foot and mouth disease (FMD). If successful, this investment would increase milk production. In the past, gains in milk production from Operation Flood Programs I, II, and III, a growing national milk animal population, as well as the eradication of rinderpest have resulted in increases in per capita milk production. In this context, the effects on producers and consumers of declining FMD as the result of an FMD control program were investigated. The objectives set forth were to evaluate whether potential benefits from the FMD control program outweigh the expenditure on the program, how a delay in the program implementation would affect the results, and how the impacts of the program would be distributed among producers and consumers.

A model was developed that simulates fluid milk production and demand in India. This was a dynamic partial equilibrium model with endogenous milk prices and production. Dairy herd dynamics were modeled to obtain milk price and calf crop elasticities. A differential form version of the model was then used to evaluate three FMD control scenarios in comparison to a projection of the OECD agricultural outlook forecast to 2050.

It was found that a control program for FMD in India results in 8–11% lower milk prices. This benefits consumers but leads to lower revenue for the fluid milk production sector. Consumer surplus increases 4–6% due to lower prices and increased per capita milk production resulting from the control program. Rural consumers have a higher change in consumer surplus than urban consumers. For rural consumers it is 8–11% higher while urban consumers see an increase of 3–5% in consumer surplus. FMD causes a 17–30% reduction in income from milk producing animals. With an FMD control program, individual farms are better off as the risk of loss from FMD impacts decreases. Owners of crossbred cattle benefit more than owners of buffaloes or indigenous cattle due to the higher yields and value of milk produced from crossbred cattle.

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42

LaHorgue, Joseph. "Economics Impacts of Genetically Modified Organisms: An analysis of Bt Cotton in India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2255.

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The emergence of genetically modified organisms has sparked a multi-faceted debate, covering issues related to human health, ethics, and the environment. Discussions of the economics of GMO adoption are highly politicized and are influenced by large corporations and non-governmental organizations. This study aims to provide insight into the economic impacts of genetically modified organisms on individual farmers of cotton in India. The first GMO to reach commercialization in India was Bt cotton in 2002, which led to significant increases in revenue and yield among smallholder farmers. Using survey data collected between 2003 and 2009, I examine the economic impacts of Bt cotton and explore macro level changes in the Indian economy.

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43

Oughton, Elizabeth. "Vulnerability, seasonality and the public distribution system in western India : a micro-level study." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358037.

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44

Dutta, Madhumita. "Gendering labour geography : mapping women's world of labour through everyday geographies of work-life at a Special Economic Zone in Tamil Nadu, India." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11679/.

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The thesis looks at the experiences of work and life of young women workers who have migrated from their villages to work in an electronics factory in a Special Economic Zone in Tamil Nadu, India. Moving beyond the lens of exploitation or emancipation, the thesis attempts to understand the meaning of work and relations that develop around it. It does so by focusing on the everyday lived experiences and practices of women inside and outside the factory. The thesis pays attention to individual stories to create linkages between lives as waged workers in a formal workspace with the informal nature of work-life outside. It tries to understand the processes through which women enter formal waged work in global production sites and the choices they make in their everyday lives, both within the workplace and outside of it; and how everyday social relations are constituted and re-constituted through work and practices of labour. The research finds that the everyday lived experiences of work and life in the factory form a ‘complex web of relations’ to which women grow attached to and from which they derive new meanings of work. While the thesis does not claim that the women were able to transcend the larger politics of gender or labour, it does show that waged work did create possibilities for reworking gender relations for the women. Finally the thesis argues for Labour Geography to look beyond the factory gates to understand the nuanced politics of labour as relations get ‘reworked’ within a patriarchal-capitalist society. It recommends paying close attention to the ‘small-scale geographies’ of workers (McDowell, 2015), their life narratives and experiences, but without losing sight of the larger struggles of labour and global processes, to develop a more grounded understanding of worker’s agency and actions.

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Schneider, Andreas. "Assessing the impact of the May 1992 CAP reform on the farm labour supply." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271030.

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46

Masindi, M. M. "The impact of child labour in agricultural sectors in the Vhembe Region : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1449.

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This mini-dissertation deals with the impact of child labour in the Vhembe Region. Africa reportedly has the highest incidence of child labour in the world. Vhembe as a region and South Africa as a whole has the problem of child labour which is influenced by poverty. To respond to this problem, some scholars recommend an outright ban on child labour through legislation. Child labour refers to dangerous and exploitative work which is carried out at too early an age, involves long working hours, carried out in inadequate conditions, not sufficiently paid, involves excessive responsibility, and undermines the child’s dignity and self-esteem. The mini-dissertation has clearly defined the child labour and discusses the legislative framework, international law framework and the challenges of child labour in the Vhembe Region.

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47

Patel, Reena. "Labour and land rights of women in rural India : with particular reference to Western Orissa." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4010/.

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Hindu women's right to independent ownership of property has been established in India since 1956. Given that legal rights have not brought about a significant increase in women's ownership of land, this thesis explores the factors that affect women's effective claim to land ownership. Taking the particular case of Hindu peasant women in small farming households in Western Orissa, it analyses their ability to claim land ownership as the outcome of bargaining. The bargaining approach, as developed by economists, and by Amartya Sen and Bina Agarwal in particular, is adopted to analyse women's access to land as an effect of women's perceptions of self-interest and perceptions of women's contribution. The thesis evaluates the legal framework as it incorporates and reflects these perceptions. It argues that law constructs women's claim to land as a right addressed to 'Hindu' women, located within the family (through succession) and informed by religious ideology. It further argues that recognising women's interests as a basis of their claim to land ownership, as 'peasant' women, located within the household and affected by their work and role within agricultural production, would widen the scope of legal analysis. This would be a starting point towards a deeper understanding of the ways in which law impacts upon women's access to land.

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Debabrata, Rie. "No time to play : social, economic and legal dimensions of child labour practices in India." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395126.

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Montgomery, Richard H. "From cattle to cane : the economic and social transformation of a Tarai village, north India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239179.

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Flynn, Andrew. "Rural working class interests in party policy-making in post-war England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324173.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agricultural labour in India'

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