Dissertations / Theses: 'Agricultural machinery. Agriculture'

1

Jepsen, Shelly Dee. "Assessment of the U.S. Department of Labor's Tractor and Machinery Certification Program." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149104900.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Decotelli, Carlos Alberto. "Agriculture Machines: Design: Sustainability." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18184.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2017-04-18T18:33:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Wuppertal em Inglês.pdf: 313762 bytes, checksum: 40471c76c842397f909a71840479a4ad (MD5) POS DOC Alemão.pdf: 998614 bytes, checksum: a3bbf0c22a15a3625a02d94a7f28879c (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2017-04-18T18:35:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Wuppertal em Inglês.pdf: 313762 bytes, checksum: 40471c76c842397f909a71840479a4ad (MD5) POS DOC Alemão.pdf: 998614 bytes, checksum: a3bbf0c22a15a3625a02d94a7f28879c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T18:35:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Wuppertal em Inglês.pdf: 313762 bytes, checksum: 40471c76c842397f909a71840479a4ad (MD5) POS DOC Alemão.pdf: 998614 bytes, checksum: a3bbf0c22a15a3625a02d94a7f28879c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Being competitive in the production of food, using agricultural machinery with up-todate technologies and design, adjusted to the standards of international sustainability and serving customers, does not depend on the size of the company. It depends upon the awareness of the importance of defining the performance space that wants to be conquered in the market. Therefore, every agricultural machinery company needs to define the way it wants to be seen and remembered by its clients, which means the whole company being involved in the mechanization of agribusiness needs, in order to have a position in the market in which it is inserted. The present work aims to identify, based on the German company KRONE and Brazilian companies producing agricultural machines, the variables or positioning indicators that influence the decision making of farmers in the acquisition of high value agricultural machinery, guaranteeing design, sustainability and productivity. These variables can be used by companies to carry out the process of transferring technological innovations, aiming to increase or maintain their market share, by narrowing relations between agricultural producers and companies. The established positioning variables refer to farmers of greater perception when choosing a machine for a given crop. Thus, the relevant technical and / or behavioral factors that influence decision making at the time of purchase by food producers are identified. Through interviews with KRONE's business team and opinion formers in agribusiness, the motivations, perceptions, experiences, behaviors and intentions that directly interfere on the decision-making process are analyzed, and position variables are considered in this study. Knowing more about what and how their customers think, companies can improve their market position. For this reason, a new program for FGV was developed: Sustainability Machinery – Design. To get to know the Brazilian Market, 300 Brazilian Companies producing agricultural machines were interviewed. Companies are supposed to serve as partners in the new discipline, because they benefit from that. Furthermore, the concern with the proper design and sustainability of our world, takes a prominent place in the positioning variables.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Chisango, Future T. "Agricultural mechanization for sustainable agriculture and food security in Zimbabwe: a case of Bindura District in Mashonaland Central Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/348.

Full text

Abstract:

A cardinal development goal of the Zimbabwean government is agricultural mechanization through the acquisition and use of tractors by arable crop farmers in communal and resettlement state land. This research project therefore aimed at investigating the impact of mechanization on agricultural productivity focusing on farmers in Bindura district of Zimbabwe who benefitted under the ongoing farm mechanization program. The existing land policy and the issue of technical efficiency in agricultural productivity are assumed to be the drivers of the program. It is likely that these key issues will constitute an important consideration in determining the sustainability of the mechanization policy. A multistage sampling technique was used to randomly select 90 farmers in the study area. The Cobb Douglas approach and Logistic regression were used to analyze data obtained from the respondents. Results revealed that tractor use was positively influenced by household size, access to extension services and crop output equivalent. Education, land area cultivated, stoniness negatively influenced the probability of adoption of mechanized farming. Furthermore, the technical efficiency estimate of adopter and nonadopters of mechanized farming showed no difference in their level of technical efficiency in agricultural productivity that was 64 percent on average. The level of observed inefficiency was increased by slope, stoniness and household size while age reduced technical inefficiency. It is recommended that government should consolidate the present gains arising from extension services. Also, environmental factors such as slope (topography) and stoniness, which constituted major disincentives in communal areas, could be overcome if government and farmers can identify and open up new areas of farmland for occupation by farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pereira, Flávio José de Sousa. "Construção de uma bancada de ensaio e avaliação de um sistema de mensuração da produtividade de grãos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11148/tde-31072002-150808/.

Full text

Abstract:

Com o avanço da agricultura de precisão, em que a variabilidade da produtividade entre os diversos pontos de uma determinada área é levada em consideração, é necessário aprimorar, cada vez mais, o sistema de coleta de dados, para que os resultados possam ser confiáveis. Dentre outros, faz-se necessário conhecer o desempenho dos sensores localizados nas colhedoras, para que se saiba o nível de acurácia dos dados de campo para a geração dos mapas de produtividade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar o desempenho, sob condições controladas, de um equipamento comercial, especialmente o sensor de fluxo de volume e suas interações com os sensores de inclinação, de velocidade de deslocamento da máquina e de grau de umidade dos grãos, destinados à mensuração da produtividade de culturas de grãos em geral. Foi montada uma bancada de ensaio constituída de um tanque alimentador com comporta de abertura variável, que escoa grãos a um condutor helicoidal, que são transportados para um elevador de taliscas de uma colhedora comercial. Os grãos transportados pelo elevador passam através dossensores de fluxo de volume e grau de umidade e, em seguida, são descarregados num tanque superior suspenso por uma célula de carga com capacidade de 2.000kg (desprezando a variação da gravidade com relação ao nível do mar) para que os dados de massa sejam comparados com os registrados pelo sensor de fluxo de volume. O monitor de produtividade foi ensaiado na bancada para simulações de fluxos constantes e variados em três diferentes posições transversais do elevador. Os resultados mostraram que a bancada de ensaio mostrou-se eficiente para os tipos de ensaios propostos. Sua estrutura é resistente e a variação da angulação do elevador é de fácil manejo. A geometria da construção do tanque de alimentação mostrou-se eficiente para fornecer vazões uniformes com o tempo, obtendo-se taxas de fluxo constantes dentro dos limites de 2,0 a 8,0kg.s-1. O sensor de velocidade apresentou erro médio relativo de 0,31% e o de grau de umidade, erro médio em módulo de 5,01% para as condições estudadas. Quanto mais afastado do fluxo médio de calibração, pior é a estimativa do fluxo pelo monitor de produtividade. O erro médio geral dos ensaios com taxas de fluxo constantes foi de 5,31%, com desvio padrão de 4,14. O monitor propiciou, em 70% dos ensaios, erros pontuais menores que 6% para ensaios com fluxo constante. Suas leituras superestimaram valores menores do que o ponto da taxa de fluxo média de calibração e subestimaram valores para taxas de fluxo maiores que este ponto. As leituras do monitor responderam imediatamente as variações impostas ao fluxo processado pelo elevador de grãos. O clinômetro ou o algoritmo que considera a inclinação é eficiente para compensar as inclinações transversais da máquina, mesmo em condições de taxas de fluxo variadas. O erro médio geral dos ensaios com taxas de fluxo variadas, calculado a partir do erro médio em módulo de cada ensaio foi, 4,84%. O erro médio global encontrado do monitor de produtividade para as leituras com taxas de fluxo constantes e variadas, foi 5,12%.
With the progress of the precision agriculture where spatial yield variability is taken into account, it is necessary to improve data collection so the results can be more reliable. It is necessary to understand how yield sensor used on combines works in order to know the accuracy of the field data for generation of the yield maps. This work aims to characterize the performance, under controlled conditions, of a commercial equipment, its yield sensor and interactions with the hillside sensor, forward speed sensor and grain moisture sensor. A test bench with a tank feeder was built with a variable opening floodgate, which drains grains to the foot of the paddle elevator of a commercial combine. The grain flow transported by the elevator pass through the yield and moisture sensor and is unloaded in a superior tank hold by a load cell with capacity of 2.000kg (desconsidering the variation of the gravity) so that the mass data is compared with that registered by the monitor. The monitor was tested on simulations of constant and variable flow rates in three different transverse positions of the elevator. The results showed that the test bench was shown efficient for the types of proposed tests. Its structure is resistant and the variation of the angle of the elevator is of easy handling. The geometry of the feeding tank was shown efficient to supply uniform flow rates, between 2,0 and 8,0kg.s-1. The speed sensor showed relative mean error of 0,31% and the moisture sensor presented a module mean error of 5,01%. Flow estimation got worst increasing or decreasing the flow rate apart from calibration region. Main mean error of the test with constant flow rates was of -5,31%, with standard deviation of 4,14. On 70% of the test monitor, readings resulted in erros less than 6,00% with constant flow. Its readings overestimated flow values under the mean flow rate of calibration and underestimated flow above it. The readings of the yield monitor responded to the variations imposed to the flow through by the elevator immediately. The hillside sensor and the algorithm that considers the inclination are efficient for compensating the transverse inclinations of the machine, even in conditions of varied flow rates. The general mean error test with varied flow rates, was 4,84%. The global mean error shown by the yield monitor for the readings with varied and constant flow rates was 5,12%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Davis, Garrett W. "Defining and Meeting the Demand For Agricultural Machinery in China: A Case Study of John Deere." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/277.

Full text

Abstract:

There has been little research conducted regarding the agricultural machinery market in China. However, current data suggest that this demand is dramatically increasing. This dissertation endeavors to generally define the current demand of the agricultural machinery market in China. There has been research conducted on multiple factors of the agricultural machinery market in China, such as land tenure rights, rural migration, government agricultural policies, and others. Through the use of limited quantitative data, market demand is analyzed and defined. By means of a qualitative case study of a successful multinational corporation, Deere & Co., how the demand is being met for agricultural machinery in China is also discussed. This case study also contributes to defining market demand for agricultural machinery in China. Through the use of this mixed-method research, key components of the Chinese agricultural machinery market are identified and analyzed. Challenges within this market are discussed, along with how Deere & Co.'s Chinese operations have dealt with these challenges. This corporation's experience in the Chinese market brings benefit to any company seeking to better understand the workings of the agricultural machinery market in China.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zandonadi, Rodrigo S. "COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR IMPROVING ROUTE PLANNING IN AGRICULTURAL FIELD OPERATIONS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/11.

Full text

Abstract:

In farming operation, machinery represents a major cost; therefore, good fleet management can have a great impact on the producer’s profit, especially considering the increasing costs of fuel and production inputs in recent years. One of the tasks to be accomplished in order to improve fleet management is planning the path that the machine should take to cover the field while working. Information such as distance traveled, time and fuel consumption as well as agricultural inputs wasted due to off-target-application areas are crucial in the path planning process. Parameters such as field boundary size and geometry, machine total width as well as control width resolution present a great impact on the information necessary for path planning. Researchers around the world have proposed methods that approach specific aspects related to path planning, the majority addressing machine field efficiency per-se, which a function of total time spent in the field as well as effective working time. However, wasted inputs due to off-target-application areas in the maneuvering regions, especially in oddly shaped agricultural fields might be as important as field efficiency when it comes down to the total operation cost. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to develop a path planning method that accounts for not only machinery field efficiency, but also the supply inputs. This research was accomplished in a threefold approach where in the first step an algorithm for computing off-target application area was developed, implemented and validated resulting in a computational tool that can be used to evaluate potential savings when using automatic section control on agricultural fields of complex field boundary. This tool allowed accomplishment of the second step, which was an investigation and better understanding of field size and shape as well as machine width of the effects on off-target application areas resulting in an empirical method for such estimations based on object shape descriptors. Finally, a path planning algorithm was developed and evaluated taking into consideration the aspects of machine field efficiency as well as off-target application areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Manoel, Filho Francisco 1974. "Projeto de um controlador fuzzy-PI para ajuste automático de velocidade da colhedora de cana de açúcar." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256779.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Nelson Luís Cappelli
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelFilho_Francisco_D.pdf: 3152234 bytes, checksum: ee75d133cc1ae9127b6dc69d40671dc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A mecanização da colheita de cana é um processo irreversível no Brasil, tanto por aspectos ambientais quanto econômicos. A agroindústria canavieira da Região Sudeste tem o maior índice de mecanização, compondo a maior frota de colhedoras de cana picada do país. Essas máquinas oferecem diversos dispositivos, visando uma colheita limpa e sem perdas visíveis. Contudo, a literatura científica relata significativos índices de perdas e impurezas associados à colheita mecanizada da cana, em razão da ineficiência destes dispositivos e também pelo seu uso inadequado. Afim de minimizar erros operacionais, este trabalho apresenta o projeto de um controlador fuzzy-PI para ajuste automático da velocidade da colhedora de cana picada em função das condições operacionais. O desenvolvimento desse projeto envolveu a construção de uma base de conhecimento especialista contendo a experiência de profissionais da colheita mecanizada da cana na condução da colhedora. A partir dessa base de conhecimento, utilizando-se o "Fuzzy Logic Toolbox" do MATLAB, desenvolveu-se um sistema especialista fuzzy, com a função de indicar um índice que representa a velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora. Esse sistema especialista combinou dois Fuzzy Inference System, um para as variáveis relacionadas à Cultura e outro para as variáveis relacionadas ao Ambiente. No projeto do controlador, o sistema especialista foi integrado como gerador de setpoint de velocidade, e envolveu a construção do diagrama de blocos do sistema hidráulico no MATLAB-Simulink, que foi parametrizado segundo a especificação dos componentes da colhedora. A validação do sistema foi feita através de cenários operacionais específicos, simulados no modelo e confrontados por especialistas na área, alcançando 86,5% de acerto, indicando potencial técnico para a implantação do controlador
Abstract: The mechanization of the sugarcane harvest is an irreversible process in Brazil, both environmental and economic aspects. The sugar cane industry in the southeast region has the highest rate of mechanization, composing the largest fleet of combines chopped cane country. These machines offer several devices, targeting a harvest clean and without visible losses. However, the scientific literature reports significant loss ratios and impurities due to mechanized harvesting of sugarcane due to the inefficiency of these devices and also for its misuse. In order to minimize operational errors, this search presents the design of a fuzzy-PID controller for automatic adjustment of the speed of sugar cane harvester according to operating conditions. The development of this project involved the construction of a knowledge base containing the expertise of specialists in mechanical harvesting of sugarcane in driving the harvester. From this knowledge base, using the MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, it was developed a fuzzy expert system with the function of indicating an index that represents the speed of the harvester. This expert system combined two Fuzzy Inference System, one for the variables related to culture and other variables related to the environment. In the controller design, the expert system was integrated as generator speed setpoint, and involved the built of block diagram of hydraulic system in MATLAB-Simulink, which was parameterized according to the specification of the components of the harvester. The validation of the system was done through specific operational scenarios simulated in the model, and confronted by experts in the field, reaching 86.5% accuracy, indicating technical potential for the deployment of the driver
Doutorado
Maquinas Agricolas
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tangerino, Giovana Tripoloni. "Sistemas de sensoriamento embarcado para uso em controle de aplicações de insumos agrícolas à taxa variável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18145/tde-02032010-153816/.

Full text

Abstract:

O desenvolvimento de sistemas com capacidade de unir ferramentas tecnológicas é de grande importância para oferecer apoio à Agricultura de Precisão e estimular a criação de grupos interdisciplinares para obter resultados favoráveis à produtividade agrícola. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar as aplicações de sensoriamento embarcado em máquinas agrícolas, explorando a interface da agricultura com a computação e as engenharias mecânica e elétrica por meio de conceitos e tecnologias de sistemas de medidas. Foram desenvolvidos dois sistemas de sensoriamento embarcados. No primeiro realizou-se coleta de informações sobre refletância e altura das plantas em cultura de cana-de-açúcar. No segundo realizou-se coleta de informações e controle de aplicação de fertilizantes à taxa variável baseado em informações de refletância em cultura de milho. Utilizou-se os sensores Crop Circle (medidas de refletância para monitoramento de status da planta), Sonar (medida de altura de plantas) e GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), com os quais foram realizados ensaios para determinar possíveis fontes de erro em uma operação agrícola. Os sistemas desenvolvidos cumpriram o papel de integradores de conhecimento, possibilitando observações práticas sobre necessidades, falhas e acertos no desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados para uso em aplicações agrícolas
The development of systems able to join different technological tools is very important in order to provide support for Precision Agriculture and it stimulates the creation of interdisciplinary teams to obtain favorable results to increase agricultural productivity. The main goal of this work is to study applications of embedded sensing systems in agricultural machines, exploring the interface between computer science, mechanical, electrical, and agricultural engineering using concepts and technologies of measurement systems. It was developed two on board sensing systems. The first system collected the data of crop reflectance and plant height in sugar cane growing area. The second one controlled the variable rate fertilizer distribution based on reflectance of maize crop. Were used the sensors Crop Circle (reflectance to monitor the status of the plant), Sonar (plant height) and GPS (Global Positioning System), which were applied to detect some possible error sources during field operation. The systems developed fulfilled the role of integrating knowledge, providing practical observations about the needs, failures and successes in developing embedded systems for use in agricultural production

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

D\'Arbo, Renata Cipolli. "Desenvolvimento tecnológico na agricultura cafeeira em São Paulo e Ribeirão Preto, 1875-1910." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-03072017-083913/.

Full text

Abstract:

O tema desta tese é a evolução da tecnologia na cafeicultura em São Paulo durante o período excepcional de crescimento da lavoura e das exportações de café entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX. De modo geral, o interesse dos historiadores econômicos pelo tema do progresso técnico na agricultura tem se concentrado no impacto da tecnologia sobre a produtividade. No entanto, outro aspecto importante da tecnologia diz respeito às técnicas agrícolas e aos processos mecânicos utilizados no cultivo, colheita e beneficiamento do café. A historiografia que trata dessa última dimensão do progresso técnico é relativamente escassa, havendo importantes questões que ainda necessitam ser investigadas de forma detalhada. Nosso trabalho parte dessas constatações e idéias para investigar o desenvolvimento tecnológico na agricultura cafeeira paulista, com ênfase no município de Ribeirão Preto no período de 1875 a 1910. O município de Ribeirão Preto foi o principal produtor de café no chamado Oeste novo paulista, desenvolvendo-se acentuadamente com a expansão cafeeira no final do século XIX e tornando-se o centro da maior área de produção de café do mundo. O período abrangido pelo estudo permite acompanhar a evolução da tecnologia durante a chegada e consolidação da cultura cafeeira em Ribeirão Preto, que experimentou nesse período a transição de uma economia basicamente rural para uma economia urbana. Os anos de 1875 a 1910 também constituem um período privilegiado de estudo da difusão de invenções e inovações na agricultura cafeeira entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX.
The theme of this thesis is the development of technology in coffee production in São Paulo during the exceptional period of crop growth and exports of coffee between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Generally, the interest of economic historians in the subject of technical progress in agriculture has focused on the impact of technology on productivity. However, another important aspect of technology relates to agricultural techniques and mechanical processes used in growing, harvesting and processing coffee. The historiography that treats this last dimension of technical progress is relatively sparse, with important issues that still need to be investigated in detail. Our work investigates the technological development in coffee farming in São Paulo, with emphasis in Ribeirão Preto in the period 1875-1910. The period covered by the study will monitor the evolution of technology during the arrival and consolidation of coffee culture in Ribeirão Preto that experienced the transition from a largely rural economy to an urban economy. The years 1875-1910 also constitute a privileged period to study the diffusion of inventions and innovations in coffee agriculture between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Camargo, Marcel Pinton de. "Aerial machine vision, geographical information system and hue for pattern classification in agriculture." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-17012019-180101/.

Full text

Abstract:

In this research we aim to achieve cybernetic cohesion information flow in precision agriculture, integrating machine learning methods, computer vision, geographical information system and UAV-photogrammetry in an irrigated area with slaughterhouse wastewater, under five treatments (W100 - irrigation with superficial water and 100% of nitrogen mineral fertilization, E0, E33, E66 and E100 - irrigation with treated effluent from slaughterhouse and addition of 0, 33, 66 and 100% of nitrogen mineral fertilization, respectively) and four replications on grassland (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.). Several images (between one hundred and two hundred) with red, green, blue (RGB) color model were captured using a quadcopter flying at 20 meter altitude and obtaining spatial resolution of 1 centimeter on a surface of approximately 0.5 ha. The images were orthorectified together with nine ground control points done by differential global positioning system (GPS), both processed in the Agisoft PhotoScan software. Thirteen photogrammetric projects were done over time with 30-day revisit, the root mean squared error (RMSE) was used as accuracy measurement, and reached values lower than 5 centimeters for x, y and z axis. The orthoimage obtained with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry was changed from RGB to hue, saturation, value (HSV) color model, and the hue color space was chosen due to independence of illumination, beyond it has a good description of exposure of soil and vegetation, but it is dependent of light source temperature, so difficult to estabilish a static threshold, so we selected an unsupervised classification method, K-Means, to classify the unknown patterns along the area. Polygons were drawn delimiting the area represented by each portion and a supervised classification method based on entropy was used, the decision tree, to explore and find patterns that recognize each treatment. These steps are also displayed in forms of georeferenced thematic maps and were executed in the open source softwares Python, QGIS and Weka. The rules defined on the hue color space reached an accuracy of 100% on the training set, and provided a better understanding about the distribution of soil and vegetation on the parcels. This methodology shows a great potential for analysis of spectral data in precision agriculture.
Nesta pesquisa pretendemos alcançar a coesão cibernética no fluxo de informações dentro da agricultura de precisão, integrando métodos de aprendizagem de máquinas, visão computacional, sistema de informação geográfica e aerofotogrametria em uma área irrigada com efluente de matadouro, sob cinco tratamentos (W100 - irrigação com água superficial e 100 % de adubação mineral nitrogenada, E0, E33, E66 e E100 - irrigação com efluente tratado de abatedouro e adição de 0, 33, 66 e 100% de adubação mineral nitrogenada, respectivamente) e quatro repetições em pastagem (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) Várias imagens (entre cem e duzentas) com modelo de cor vermelho, verde e azul (RGB) foram capturadas por um quadricóptero voando a 20 metros de altitude, e obtendo resolução espacial de 1 centímetro em uma superfície de aproximadamente 0.5 ha. As imagens foram ortorretificadas juntamente com nove pontos de controle, realizados pelo sistema de posicionamento global diferencial (GPS), ambos processados no software Agisoft PhotoScan. Treze projetos fotogramétricos foram realizados ao longo do tempo com revisita de 30 dias, a raiz do erro quadrático médio (RMSE) foi usada como medida de acurácia e atingiu valores menores que 5 centímetros para os eixos x, y e z. A ortoimagem obtida com a fotogrametria do veículo aéreo não tripulado (UAV) foi alterada de RGB para matiz, saturação, valor (HSV) e o espaço de cor matiz foi escolhido devido a independência da iluminação, além de ter boa descrição da exposição do solo e vegetação. Entretanto este é dependente da temperatura da fonte de luz, portanto difícil de se estabelecer um limiar estático, logo selecionamos um método de classificação não supervisionado, o K-Means, para classificar os padrões desconhecidos ao longo da área. Polígonos foram traçados delimitando a área representada por cada parcela e um método supervisionado de classificação baseado na entropia foi utilizado, a árvore de decisão, para explorar e encontrar padrões que reconheçam cada tratamento. Essas etapas também são exibidas em formas de mapas temáticos georeferenciados e foram executadas nos softwares de código aberto Python, QGIS e Weka. As regras definidas no espaço de cor matiz atingiram uma acurácia de 100% no conjunto de treinamento e proporcionaram um melhor entendimento sobre a distribuição do solo e da vegetação nas parcelas. Esta metodologia mostra um grande potencial para análise de dados na agricultura de precisão.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Thorén, Daniel. "Radar based tank level measurement using machine learning : Agricultural machines." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176259.

Full text

Abstract:

Agriculture is becoming more dependent on computerized solutions to make thefarmer’s job easier. The big step that many companies are working towards is fullyautonomous vehicles that work the fields. To that end, the equipment fitted to saidvehicles must also adapt and become autonomous. Making this equipment autonomoustakes many incremental steps, one of which is developing an accurate and reliable tanklevel measurement system. In this thesis, a system for tank level measurement in a seedplanting machine is evaluated. Traditional systems use load cells to measure the weightof the tank however, these types of systems are expensive to build and cumbersome torepair. They also add a lot of weight to the equipment which increases the fuel consump-tion of the tractor. Thus, this thesis investigates the use of radar sensors together witha number of Machine Learning algorithms. Fourteen radar sensors are fitted to a tankat different positions, data is collected, and a preprocessing method is developed. Then,the data is used to test the following Machine Learning algorithms: Bagged RegressionTrees (BG), Random Forest Regression (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), LinearRegression (LR), Linear Support Vector Machine (L-SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron Re-gressor (MLPR). The model with the best 5-fold crossvalidation scores was Random For-est, closely followed by Boosted Regression Trees. A robustness test, using 5 previouslyunseen scenarios, revealed that the Boosted Regression Trees model was the most robust.The radar position analysis showed that 6 sensors together with the MLPR model gavethe best RMSE scores.In conclusion, the models performed well on this type of system which shows thatthey might be a competitive alternative to load cell based systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sarkar, Soumen. "Dynamic modeling of an articulated forestry machine for simulation and control." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27255.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, robotic technology has begun to play an important role in forestry operations. An important class of forestry machines is comprised of systems equipped with a mobile platform fitted with an articulated arm carrying a tree processing head. The dynamics of such systems are needed for simulation and control purposes. In contrast to conventional industrial manipulators, which are mounted on stationary bases, a mobile manipulator is dynamically coupled with its base. Base compliance, non-linearity and coupled dynamics result in positioning inaccuracies which in turn give rise to control problems.
The dynamics of the FERIC forwarder forestry machine including its compliant tires were developed and implemented symbolically in compact form with the help of an iterative Newton-Euler dynamic formulation. Various models with increasing complexity were derived. Based on a simplified dynamics model, a valve-sizing methodology was developed and used to size hydraulic proportional valves of the machine's actuators.
System parameters have been obtained by various methods, including use of blueprints, weighing, solid modeling and various experiments. A set-point feedforward controller was designed and the machine's responses for various inputs were obtained to analyze the dynamic behavior of the system. Although initial simulations were done in Matlab and Simulink, C programs were developed for increased speed of execution. In addition, techniques to minimize computation time have been developed and applied to result in almost real time simulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Mu, Bin. "System modelling, identification and coordinated control design for an articulated forestry machine." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27245.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis describes the modelling of electrohydraulic actuation systems of a prototype forestry vehicle, the experimental identification of the dynamic models parameters and control strategies for forestry operations.
The linear graph method is selected to derive comprehensive models of three electrohydraulic actuation subsystems, i.e. the swing, boom and stick subsystems, on the vehicle based on modelling of individual components. A new approach is proposed, then, to integrate rigid-body dynamic models with the actuator dynamic models to result in a complete machine model.
Off-line parameter identification procedures are used, including the least-square method. A series of experiments is performed to obtain numerical values for the parameters involved in the system models. The experimental setups are described in detail and new procedures are explained. The model validation studies show that the mathematical models closely represent the dynamic characteristics of the forestry machine.
The concept of coordinated control in teleoperation is studied. The resolved motion rate control strategy shows superiority over conventional joint-based control in heavy-duty forestry machines. Two inverse Jacobian manipulator control schemes, based on velocity and on position servo schemes, are introduced and evaluated under various operating conditions. The results provide guidelines for the design and implementation of manipulator controllers on a forestry machine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Glascock, Leslie A. "Increasing the conspicuity of agricultural machinery extremities." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1202415272.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Dunn, Mark. "Applications of vision sensing in agriculture." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2007. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004102/.

Full text

Abstract:

[Abstract]: Machine vision systems in agricultural applications are becoming commonplace as technology becomes both affordable and robust. Applications such as fruit and vegetable grading were amongst the earliest applications, but the field has diversified into areas such as yield monitoring, weed identification and spraying, and tractor guidance. Machine vision systems generally consist of a number of steps that are similar between applications. These steps include image pre-processing, analysis, and post- processing. This leads the way towards a generalisation of the systems to an almost ‘colour by number’ methodology where the platform may be consistent between many applications, and only algorithms specific to the application differ. Shape analysis is an important part of many machine vision applications. Many methods exist for determining existence of particular objects, such as Hough Transforms and statistical matching. A method of describing the outline of objects, called s-ψ (s-psi) offers advantages over other methods in that it reduces a two dimensional object to a series of one dimensional numbers. This graph, or chain, of numbers may be directly manipulated to perform such tasks as determining the convex hull, or template matching. A machine vision system to automate yield monitoring macadamia harvesting is proposed as a partial solution to the labour shortage problems facing researchers undertaking macadamia varietal trials in Australia. A novel method for objectively measuring citrus texture is to measure the shape of a light terminator as the fruit is spun in front of a video camera. A system to accomplish this task is described. S-psi template matching is used to identify animals to species level in another case study. The system implemented has the capability to identify animals, record video and also open or shut a gate remotely, allowing control over limited resources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Koyuncu, Atayil. "Acquisition Of Field Data For Agricultural Tractor." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607237/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

During the operations of an agricultural tractor, front axle and front axle support encounter the worst load conditions of the whole tractor. If the design of these components is not verified by systematic engineering approach, the customers could face with sudden failures. Erkunt Agricultural Machinery Company, which is located in Ankara, has newly designed and manufactured the front axle support of its agricultural tractors. In this study, the design of 2WD (Wheel Drive) Erkunt Bereket Agricultural Tractor&
#8217
s front axle support has been verified by developing a verification method, which involves testing the tractor on a special test track and field and together with the computer aided engineering analysis, in order to prevent such failures in the lifetime of the tractor. For this purpose, a strain gage data acquisition system has been designed to measure the strain values on the component, while the tractor is operating on a test track and field. The locations of the strain gages have been determined by simulating the selected design load cases through finite element method. Measuring the maximum strains for the front axle support that have been experienced by the tractor while operating, the stress values have been calculated and the design safety has been investigated considering the material&
#8217
s tensile strength. Secondly, the fatigue life of the component regarding the acquired strain data has been predicted. These processes have led the company to verify the design of the front axle support.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Schäffer, Beat. "Compaction of restored soil by heavy agricultural machinery /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17273.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Lee, Tien-Li. "A heuristic algorithm for agricultural machinery production scheduling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ45334.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Elbanna, E. B. E. "Agricultural machinery selection : Soil strength and operational timeliness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371883.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Saadoun, Tahar. "Agricultural machinery selection and scheduling of farm operations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27322.

Full text

Abstract:

The procedure of calculating annual machinery ownership costs from the discounted cash flows of the mortgaged capital cost, the repair and insurance charges and the resale income is extended to include the effect of loan rate and loan period on interest charges, the effect of capital allowances taking account of the actual balancing charges at the end of the period of ownership, and the effect of tax relief on the interest charges, repair costs and insurance premiums. The concept of marginal holding cost is applied to determine the optimum ownership period. The selection of tractor- plough combinations is based on the prediction of soil characteristics such as moisture content, strength, and workability, all of which influencing the assessment of plough draught and tractor power. A number of filters are used to select the appropriate and realistic tractor /implement combinations with different sizes of fully mounted plough depending on the draught, and the speed of each selected gear of the tractor. For each acceptable combina- tion of tractor and fully mounted plough determined, the costing routine is used to calculate the annual costs. The branch and bound algorithm is suitable for mixed integer solutions to the farm machinery selection problem. Machinery sets are selected simultaneously with the chosen cropping pattern on a given land area. Machinery sets are matched correctly to the tractor sizes. Four sizes of tractor are available (45 kW, 61 kW, 74 kW and 94 kW,. Field operations take place in discrete time periods during which available work days are predicted from soil type and weather records for the specific site. Cereal and root crops are distinguished by optimum sowing and harvesting date. Discrete time periods are defined in relation to these optimal dates and give rise to overlapping operations for different crops. The calculation of probability levels for available work days when operations are subject to different criteria is discussed. A single arbitrary value of 75% probability for available work days is adopted in the linear programming model for the main part of the study. Two stage processes are used to simulate available work days in each time period. The patterns generated converge on the relative frequency pattern laid down by the generating process. The range of experience is wider than that contained in the short series of 24 years historical data. The simulation model generates results suitable for stochastic dominance ranking. In a simulation experiment on a 250 ha arable farm cropping cereals and potatoes, alternative solutions are obtained by integer linear programming, the solutions being ranked according to gross revenue. Annual costs of operating farm machinery are derived from a separate costing algorithm based on the annual hours of use which are determined by the size of the task and not by the sequence of work days. After deducting the annual costs of machinery operation, the cumulative net revenue curves cross and second order stochastic dominance ranking is used to identify the optimum (maximum profit) solution. The current study demonstrates the viability of the analytical procedures but further work is now required to reduce the computing time involved for the complete machinery selection procedure. Meanwhile, a commercial software package is prepared on the calculation of annual machinery ownership costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Foster, Christopher A. "Intelligent control study of drive-by-wire agricultural vehicles." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.19 Mb., 221 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3221073.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Espejo, García José. "Análisis de la ley de accidentes del trabajo y su aplicación en la agricultura 1900-1922." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669796.

Full text

Abstract:

La Ley de Accidentes del Trabajo de 30 de enero de 1900, es la primera norma española que aborda con relativa efectividad la protección de los trabajadores ante las consecuencias de los accidentes de trabajo. Se trata de una norma multidisciplinar, ya que interviene el análisis de los mecanismos preventivos, la protección jurídica del obrero, el procedimiento asistencial tras el siniestro y la reparación económica de la víctima en los supuestos de incapacidad o fallecimiento. Sin embargo, estas prerrogativas no se aplicarán eficazmente a las víctimas de los accidentes en todos los sectores productivos, siendo la agricultura el más perjudicado por la redacción de la ley. Esta Tesis doctoral, pretende mostrar aquellos elementos legislativos, jurídicos, institucionales y sociales, que dificultaron la aplicación efectiva de la ley en el sector agrícola, y por tanto, la desprotección jurídica de la gran mayoría de los trabajadores ante la variedad de accidentes del trabajo que se producían en la agricultura.
The Health and Safety at Work Act passed on January 30th 1900 was the first set of regulations in Spain which addressed the welfare and protection of labourers before potential accidents at work in a relatively effective way. The act has a multidisciplinary character, as it deals with different aspects such as the analysis of preventive measures, the coverage of labourers’ legal rights, the assistance procedure in the event of an accident and the victim’s rights to financial compensation in cases of work incapacity or decease. These prerogatives, however, are not applicable to the victims of accidents in all the different production sectors, farm workers being the most neglected group according to the law. This doctoral thesis attempts to introduce the legal, juristic, institutional and social issues which hindered the effective implementation of the above-mentioned act in the agricultural sector, consequently leaving the vast majority of farm workers unprotected in the face of the wide variety of occupational accidents which took place while at work in past years.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Berli, Markus. "Compaction of agricultural subsoils by tracked heavy construction machinery /." Zürich, 2001. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14132.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Freitas, Rafael Rodrigues de. "Estudo de uma estrutura em pórtico para utilização em um veículo agrícola autônomo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18145/tde-19012011-131359/.

Full text

Abstract:

Avanços nas pesquisas em Veículos Agrícolas Autônomos (VAA\'s) e de Robôs Agrícolas Móveis (RAM\'s) têm sido conquistados nos últimos anos. Entretanto, um número limitado de trabalhos foca o desenvolvimento das estruturas destes veículos. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão de materiais encontrados na literatura e no mercado. Estudou-se modelagem cinemática de veículos autônomos que possuem configurações de suas estruturas projetadas para ter mobilidade melhorada. Estudaram-se estruturas mecânicas de máquinas que atuam em vários estádios de desenvolvimento de lavouras típicas brasileiras. Baseado no levantamento e esse estudo, foi projetado e construído um veículo com conceito modular e de pórtico para ser uma plataforma robótica no qual é utilizado para o sensoriamento em área agrícola. Uma modelagem cinemática simplificada do veículo foi realizada, fundamentada nos conceitos básicos de cinemáticas em robôs móveis. Por fim é apresentado o desenvolvimento da estrutura em pórtico do veículo. Pretende-se que o resultado auxilie no desenvolvimento de projeto de VAA\'s.
Advance on AAV (Autonomous Agriculture Vehicle) and MAR (Mobile Agriculture Robots) research are noticed in the recent years. However, a limited number of works focus in the structure development of such vehicles. This work introduces a review of the materials found in literature and market. Kinematics models of Autonomous Vehicles that have its structures designed to have mobility improved have been studied. It was studied mechanical structures of machines that act in various stages of typical brazilians crops. Based on this study and survey, a vehicle has been built with a modular concept and portal frame structure format to be used as a robotic platform in which it performs remote sensing in agricultural areas. A simplified Kinematic model have been done using basics concepts of mobile robots kinematics. At the end of this work is presented the portal frame structure development. The results obtained may assist in the design development of AAV\'s.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ridgway, Ian Gilbert. "Prototype combine for grain harvesting based on internal pneumatic transfer /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFM/09afmr5447.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Cragg, Brian. "SMEs and global supply chains in the French agricultural machinery sector." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q0q1y/smes-and-global-supply-chains-in-the-french-agricultural-machinery-sector.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the last 40 years globalisation has had a major impact on small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in traditional manufacturing sectors, located in developed countries. In response to increasingly competitive domestic markets, many of these firms are now engaged in supplier and customer relationships internationally, in order to expand sales and take advantage of lower sourcing costs. This transition from predominantly local to global connections and the different ways in which SMEs manage their global relationships is the focus of this research. It was decided to confine the study to a single manufacturing sector, so that any differences between firms’ experiences are not driven by the industry, but by other possible factors. Therefore the research question is: how do SMEs in the French agricultural machinery sector manage their global supply chains? Research was carried out into twelve SMEs in the agricultural machinery sector in north-west France. The qualitative research was broken down into three stages: exploratory, which included a range of professionals with knowledge of the sector including SMEs, larger firms and historians; explanatory, which followed a grounded theory methodology to develop new thinking about SMEs and global supply chains based on the findings, which were subsequently fed back to a number of professionals in a final stage and led to further discussion. Uniformity in approaches to managing global supply chains was not found, and differences even between companies in the same product speciality were noted. The challenge of developing business relationships with suppliers and distributors against a background of power asymmetries and cultural distance in the global supply chain was met by the SMEs through the use of a variety of approaches. Out of the research has emerged a conceptualization of the challenges that SMEs face in relation to managing global supply chains: a governance, control and power (GCP) model that highlights the main responses and priorities for SMEs in terms of managing supply chain relationships and controlling flows of materials and information.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Pereira, Robson Rogério Dutra. "Protocolo ISO 11783: procedimentos para comunicação serial de dados do controlador de tarefa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18145/tde-29042010-092136/.

Full text

Abstract:

O recente crescimento da utilização de tecnologias de automação e eletrônica embarcada em máquinas e implementos agrícolas tem estabelecido uma nova prática na área agrícola. Estas novas práticas relacionadas com a agricultura de precisão (AP) têm demandado a utilização de sensores e redes de comunicação embarcadas para aquisição de dados e controle dos dispositivos em campo. A incompatibilidade entre equipamentos e formatos de dados tornou-se um grande obstáculo. A tendência global é de uso de sistemas padronizados de acordo com a norma ISO 11783 (também conhecida como ISOBUS) nos dispositivos, ou Electronic Control Unit (ECU), utilizados na produção agrícola. No Brasil, essas ferramentas ainda não são largamente aplicadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é sistematizar as informações necessárias dos procedimentos para comunicação de uma ECU do implemento com a ECU de trator de gerenciamento. Focou-se no desenvolvimento dos arquivos padrões necessários e no programa da ECU do implemento, e testes de validação da comunicação dos dispositivos via rede ISO 11873. Estabeleceu-se a relação entre as informações sistematizadas e os dispositivos embarcados em máquinas agrícolas. Os dispositivos embarcados consistem em cinco ECUs interconectadas pela rede ISO 11783. Quatro ECUS estão localizados no tractor: ECU do GPS, Controlador de Tarefas (TC), Terminal Virtual (VT) e ECU do Trator (TECU). A ECU do GPS é responsável pela recepção do sinal do Differencial Global Position System (DGPS) e disponibilização na rede ISO 11783. O TC é responsável pelo gerenciamento da aplicação do mapa de prescrição e pelo controle do implemento. O VT é responsável por monitorar e disponibilizar uma interface gráfica com o operador da máquina. O TECU disponibiliza a velocidade do trator obtida por um sensor de radar. A quinta ECU está localizado no implemento, definido como Working Set Master (WSM), que é responsável por interpretar os comandos das ECUs do trator e integrar o dispositivo mecânico-hidráulico para realização de uma aplicação agrícola. Este trabalho mostrou os requisitos necessários para o desenvolvimento dos arquivos necessários (TaskData.XML e o Device Description Object Pool), as capacidades necessárias para o programa da ECU do Implemento, a validação da comunicação da ECU do Implemento com o TC (ECU do trator de gerenciamento) e comprovou que as informações sistematizadas facilitaram e proporcionaram a implementação de um sistema ISO 11783. Espera-se, que este trabalho possa abrir oportunidades para que a norma ISO 11783 possa ser melhor entendida e ampliar a possibilidade de disponibilizar um número maior de aplicações que envolvem o conceito de AP no Brasil.
The recent growth of automation technology and embedded electronic in agricultural machinery has established a new practice in agriculture. These new practices related to precision agriculture (PA) have demanded the use of sensors and communications embedded networks for data acquisition and control devices in the farm field. The incompatibility between hardware, software and data formats has become a major obstacle. The global trend is to use standardized systems in accordance with ISO 11783 (also known as ISOBUS) in the devices, or Electronic Control Units (ECU), used in agricultural production. In Brazil, these tools are not yet implemented. The purpose of this work is to systemize the information necessary of the procedures for communication among the implement ECU with management tractor ECU. This work focuses standardized files format, the program of the implement ECU and the validation tests of the devices communication via ISO 11873 network. It was established the relation among the systematized information and embedded devices on agricultural machinery. The embedded devices consist in five ECUs connected in the ISO 11783 network. Four ECUs are located in the tractor: GPS ECU, Task Controller (TC), Virtual Terminal (VT) and Tractor ECU (TECU). The GPS ECU is responsible to the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) positioning. The TC is responsible to manage the prescription map and to control the implement. The VT is responsible monitor the application. The TECU disposes tractor velocity of a radar sensor. The fifth device located in the implement is Working Set Master (WSM), which is responsible to interpret the commands from the tractors ECUs and integrate the mechanical-hidraulical device instruction for agricultural operation. It was presented how to develop the needed standardized files (TaskData.XML and Device Description Object Pool), the capabilities needed of the implement ECU program, the validation of communication between the implement ECU with the TC (management tractor ECU) and was prove that the information systematized has facilitated and provided the communication. It is expect that this work may open opportunities for the ISO 11783 standard can be better understood and enlarge the possibility of providing a great number of applications involving the concept of AP in Brazil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Spekken, Mark. "Creating optimized machine working patterns on agricultural fields." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-22092015-112051/.

Full text

Abstract:

In the current agricultural context, agricultural machine unproductivity on fields and their impacts on soil along pathways are unavoidable. These machines have direct and indirect costs associated to their work in field, with non-productive time spent in manoeuvres when these are reaching field borders; likewise, there is a double application of product when machines are covering headlands while adding farm inputs. Both issues aggravate under irregular field geometry. Moreover, unproductive time can also appear in operations of loading/offloading the machine\'s reservoir with inputs/harvested-goods, which can increase with an improper use of the reservoir due to the inadequate machine path length. On the other hand, irregular steep surfaces present a problem for establishment of row crops and machine paths towards erosion. Though contouring (i.e., performing field operations perpendicular to slope direction) is a common practice to reduce runoff and increase water infiltration, still elevation contours are never parallel, while machine operations always are. Many of these issues were target for optimization in computer path planning for agricultural machines, where unproductivity was overall minimized and attempts of soil loss reduction by more proper path establishment also yielded results. This thesis gathered these issues in a combined path planning approach making possible to address soil loss and unproductive costs to their proper location. A number of methods was proposed and modified: creating and replicating steerable machine track; finding more optimal references for path coverage on irregular surfaces (curved or straight); quantifying the impacts of soil loss for a given path pattern; identifying spatially the water flow and concentration; defining geometrically different manoeuvre types and calculate its time, space and energy demands; obtain the overlapped area of input application; and quantifying the machine replenishment cost in relation to underuse of its reservoir for following tracks of inadequate length. An algorithm-application was achieved, which is capable of simulating a large number of path coverage scenarios and to display optimized ones based on a user defined criteria. Sugarcane crop, grown in Brazilian conditions, was the main object of study in this thesis because of its high in-field mechanization costs (along with unproductive operational costs), high susceptibility of soil erosion in its planting phase, and for occupying an area of predominant rolling surface. Case studies were subject to this algorithm that provided suitable outputs with minimized impacts. The outputs of the algorithm were comprehensive and showed potential for the methods to be used by agricultural decision makers.
No contexto agrícola atual, improdutividade de máquinas agrícolas em campo e seus impactos sobre o solo ao longo de suas vias são inevitáveis. Estas máquinas têm custos diretos e indiretos associados ao seu trabalho no campo, como tempo improdutivo gasto em manobras quando estes atingem os limites do talhão. Também nestes limites, há uma dupla aplicação de insumos agrícolas quando as máquinas estão cobrindo cabeceiras. Ambas as questões se agravam em talhões de geometria irregular. Além disso, o tempo improdutivo também pode aparecer em operações de carga / descarga do reservatório da máquina com insumos / bens colhidos, o que pode aumentar com um uso indevido do reservatório da máquina devido ao comprimento inadequado do percurso em campo. Ainda, superfícies irregulares e íngremes apresentam um problema para o estabelecimento de culturas em fileira e caminhos de máquinas contra declive. Apesar de operações em nível serem uma prática comum para reduzir o escoamento e aumentar a infiltração de água, curvas de nível nunca são paralelas, enquanto operações agrícolas são sempre paralelas. Muitas destas questões foram alvo de otimização computacional para planejamento de percursos de para máquinas agrícolas, onde a ineficiência foi, em geral, minimizada e tentativas de redução da perda de solo estabelecimento de percursos mais adequados também produziu resultados. Esta tese reuniu estas questões em uma abordagem de planejamento de percurso quantificando e direcionando custos de perda de solo e improdutividade de máquinas para sua devida localização. Métodos foram propostos e modificados, como: criar e replicar trajetos transitáveis de máquinas; encontrar referências ideais para a cobertura do trajeto em superfícies irregulares (curvas ou retas); quantificação dos impactos da perda de solo por um determinado padrão de percursos; identificar espacialmente o fluxo da água e sua concentração; definir geometricamente diferentes tipos de manobras e calcular o seu tempo, espaço e energia demandada; obter a área sobreposta de aplicação de insumos; e quantificar custo de reposição da máquina em relação à subutilização de seu reservatório para seguir trajetos de comprimento inadequado. Um aplicativo-algoritmo foi obtido capaz de simular um grande número de cenários de padrões de percurso, e exibindo aqueles que foram otimizados por critérios definidos pelo usuário. A cultura da cana, em condições brasileiras, foi a principal cultura de estudo nesta tese devido ao seu alto custo de mecanização (assim como custos operacionais improdutivos), alta suscetibilidade à erosão do solo na sua fase de plantio, e ocupando predominantemente áreas de superfície irregular. Os estudos de caso foram sujeitos ao algoritmo que obteve resultados coerentes e impactos minimizados. Os resultados do algoritmo mostram potencial para que os métodos avaliados sejam utilizados por tomadores de decisão da área agrícola.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Söderström, Douglas. "Comparing pre-trained CNN models on agricultural machines." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185333.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Navarro, Miró David. "Gestió dels sistemes hortícoles ecològics a Europa mitjançant la introducció de cultius amb serveis agroecològics i la seva gestió amb el roller crimper." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672133.

Full text

Abstract:

La introducció dels cultius que proveeixen serveis agroecològics (ASC) és una de les estratègies àmpliament reconeguda per millorar la sostenibilitat dels sistemes de cultiu. Tot i això, algunes autores i autors han assenyalat que la tècnica seleccionada per a la gestió dels ASC afecta els serveis subministrats. Entre les agricultores i agricultors ecològics europeus, la tècnica de gestió més estesa consisteix a tallar i picar els ASC i incorporar el material vegetal al sòl mitjançant la llaurada com a adobs verds (T-GM). No obstant això, en els darrers anys, l’ús del roller crimper (NT-RC) per a la gestió dels ASC ha atret l’interès de les persones agricultores i investigadores a tot Europa, perquè permet aplanar els ASC creant una densa capa de residus vegetals a la superfície sense pertorbar el sòl. Els pocs estudis realitzats en sistemes hortícoles europeus, la majoria d’ells realitzats a Itàlia, han analitzat l'efecte de la introducció i la gestió dels ASC mitjançant el NT-RC sobre l'abundància de flora arvense, la producció del cultiu i els balanços d'energia. A més, la majoria dels estudis s'han dut a terme sota les condicions particulars de llocs experimentals específics, que poden haver influït en els resultats obtinguts. Per tal d’omplir aquest buit de coneixement, aquesta tesi doctoral pretén proporcionar una visió més detallada dels efectes del NT-RC en diferents condicions agro-edafo-climàtiques d’Europa, mitjançant l’anàlisi conjunta de les dades provinents d’experiments paral·lels realitzats durant dos anys en diversos països europeus. Cada experiment es va realitzar sota les seves pròpies condicions pedo-climàtiques i de disseny experimental. Per aquest motiu es va fer servir un enfocament meta-analític, basat en una versió ponderada del mètode de Stouffer, per analitzar l'efecte de manera conjunta als diversos països analitzats de la gestió dels ASC sobre el funcionament dels agroecosistemes. Els nostres resultats indiquen que la inversió mitjana energètica va ser un 19,73% major en els sistemes que incorporen l’ASC que els sistemes sense ASC. No obstant això, les estratègies de gestió que utilitzen l’ASC tendeixen a augmentar l'energia que potencialment es podria reciclar dins del sistema de cultiu. Els resultats també mostren que el sistema de gestió NT-RC redueix l'eficiència productiva comercialitzable respecte a T-GM, però millora el rendiment ambiental mitjançant l’augment de l'energia potencial que es pot reciclar dins del sistema de cultiu en una àmplia gamma de condicions pedo-climàtiques europees. La densitat mitjana de la flora arvense va ser un 35,1% menor a les parcel·les de NT-RC que a T-GM, i aquesta tendència va ser significativa en els diversos experiments analitzats. A més, es va documentar una reducció significativa de la riquesa d'espècies arvenses i canvis significatius, però, de manera general, menors en la composició florística de la comunitat arvense amb la gestió NT-RC en comparació amb T-GM. Tot i això, és important tenir en compte que l'efecte d'aquesta tecnologia es pot veure fortament afectat per les variacions de les condicions de cultiu. A més, els nostres resultats evidencien que en les parcel·les en què els ASC es van gestionar mitjançant el NT-RC es va incrementar la densitat en activitat dels caràbids i estafilínids, el reciclatge d’energia potencial del sistema i el control de flora arvense en comparació amb T-GM en les diferents condicions pedo-climàtiques d'Europa analitzades. No obstant això, a les parcel·les gestionades amb el NT-RC el rendiment del cultiu comercial i la seva qualitat, l'eficiència energètica de la producció i la densitat en activitat de les aranyes va ser menor que a T-GM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Burns, James Ian. "Agricultural Crop Monitoring with Computer Vision." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52563.

Full text

Abstract:

Precision agriculture allows farmers to efficiently use their resources with site-specific applications. The current work looks to computer vision for the data collection method necessary for such a smart field, including cameras sensitive to visual (430-650~nm), near infrared (NIR,750-900~nm), shortwave infrared (SWIR,950-1700~nm), and longwave infrared (LWIR,7500-16000~nm) light. Three areas are considered in the study: image segmentation, multispectral image registration, and the feature tracking of a stressed plant. The accuracy of several image segmentation methods are compared. Basic thresholding on pixel intensities and vegetation indices result in accuracies below 75% . Neural networks (NNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) label correctly at 89% and 79%, respectively, when given only visual information, and final accuracies of 97% when the near infrared is added. The point matching methods of Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Edge Orient Histogram (EOH) are compared for accuracy. EOH improves the matching accuracy, but ultimately not enough for the current work. In order to track the image features of a stressed plant, a set of basil and catmint seedlings are grown and placed under drought and hypoxia conditions. Trends are shown in the average pixel values over the lives of the plants and with the vegetation indices, especially that of Marchant and NIR. Lastly, trends are seen in the image textures of the plants through use of textons.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Cunningham, Stephen. "An economic analysis of investment and depreciation in UK agricultural machinery." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280688.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Gandidzanwa, Colleta. "The changing nature and quality of machinery in South African agriculture." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65890.

Full text

Abstract:

The state of the current national agricultural capital input account is arguably misleading in measuring capital input use in South Africa. This is attributable to the problems associated with measurement of capital inputs, as well as changes in methodologies of different sources of capital data. This study questions the current state of national capital input accounts, with specific reference to machinery and implements, and a specific focus on tractors. It corrects the input series by revising the value of tractor sales and the machinery and implements series component of the capital input account for the South African agricultural sector, using more robust assumptions and underlying data as far as possible. This study shows that the current South African national capital input account is understated and resultantly has knock-on effects on service flows and agricultural productivity estimates for South Africa. Amongst other measurement problems in the capital formation series of South Africa, is the failure to incorporate quality adjustments in the valuation of capital. This measurement problem has been shown to lead to undercounting and effectively flawed productivity estimates. This study analyses the impact of incorporating quality changes in valuing tractors and using disaggregated data as far as possible. As such, this study focuses on tractor use in South Africa and analyses the tractor input by disaggregating the tractor categories and attributes. The tractor attributes and other drivers, such as net farming income and area planted in hectares, are used to trace the evolution of tractorisation in South Africa. As such, this study shows how tractorisation has changed over time and incorporates these quality changes by disaggregation, using underlying price and quality data for tractors in different classes and types. The assumptions used in past analyses have resulted in a failure to explain the evolution that has taken place in input use in the face of tractorisation innovation. The current Abstract estimates of the tractor price index are not cointegrated with the rand dollar exchange rate and net farm income, which is not in line with economic theory. In addition, current tractor trends fail to reflect the macro-economic trends that have taken place in South African agriculture. As such, the corrected capital input series will contribute to the understanding of economic trends in tractorisation and contribute to the labour debate in South Africa at an aggregate level. Thus, besides having a direct impact on service flow estimates and ultimately productivity analysis, this study has other agricultural policy impacts, such as on trade, mechanisation policy, and R&D policy, as well as on tax policies in the sector. For machinery manufacturers, this study is important in that it provides sound estimates of the relationship between tractor prices and other variables, which are useful for making informed business decisions. This study illustrates the effects of flawed measurement of inputs that impacts policy analysis and recommendations.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
PhD
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tang, Pingjun. "Ergonomic evaluation of visual guidance aids for agricultural machines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ53123.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Gray, Guilherme Ribeiro. "Metodologia de projeto de suspensão pantografica para corte de base de cana-de-açucar." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257050.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Paulo Sergio Graziano Magalhães
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gray_GuilhermeRibeiro_M.pdf: 11052477 bytes, checksum: 4106db7b8398251659f37b31c9ee0684 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O Brasil, apesar de líder mundial de produção de cana-de-açúcar, possui baixos índices de mecanização da colheita. A colheita da cana-de-açúcar envolve cinco operações básicas, que são o corte dos colmos na base e no ponteiro, a alimentação dos colmos para o interior da colhedora, a retirada das folhas e a picagem do colmo que é opcional, porém ainda hoje há uma carência de processos para efetuar estas operações de forma eficiente. O corte de base utilizado nas colhedoras convencionais é composto de discos duplos posicionados na entrelinha, entretanto não é adaptado para o sistema de plantio no sulco, e como não apresenta recursos de flutuação independente para cada disco implica na movimentação de grande quantidade de solo. A ausência de um mecanismo flutuante provoca aumento dos índices de impurezas na matéria prima, que implicam na redução da qualidade tecnológica da matéria-prima fornecida para moagem e perdas de cana no campo, além de requerer alta potência para cortar e movimentar o volume de solo. Diante do exposto, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo projetar, simular, construir e avaliar em caixa de solo uma suspensão pantográfica para o cortador basal de cana-de-açúcar para ser aplicado em sistema semi-mecanizado (auxílio mecânico) de colheita. As simulações foram realizadas utilizando o programa computacional Matlab® permitindo a obtenção da rigidez da mola da suspensão pantográfica e sua deformação na montagem de forma que haja a flutuação do mecanismo de corte basal sobre o perfil do solo. Tal condição pôde ser obtida na medida em que a força de interação patim-solo fosse mínima e não nula. A suspensão pantográfica projetada foi construída e montada em caixa de solo para avaliação em perfil de solo senoidal com amplitude entre 25 mm e 50 mm e distância entre sulcos de 1,5 m. Os resultados demonstraram que o mecanismo projetado realiza o seguimento do perfil do solo de forma satisfatória com erro médio de 8,5 mm e 9,1 mm para as velocidades de deslocamento da colhedora de 0,14 m.s-1 e 0,42 m.s-1 respectivamente
Abstract: In spite of been the world leader in sugar-cane production, Brazil have low indexes of harvester mechanization of sugar-cane. The sugar-cane harvesting involves five simple operations, that are the cut of the stems in the base and in the top, feeding of the stems for the interior of the harvester, remove the leaves and the cutting the stem in billets which is optional. However today there is a lack of processes to make these operations in an efficient way. The base cut used in the conventional harvesters is made of double disks positioned in the inter row, however it is not adapted for the furrow planting system used in Brazil, and since it does not present capability of independent flotation for each disk it implicates in the movement of a great amount of soil. The absence of this mechanism increasing the indexes of mineral material in the raw material, which implicates in the reduction of the technological quality of the raw material supplied for grinding and cane losses in the field, besides requesting high power to cut and to move the soil volume. This research project had for objective to design, to simulate, to build and to evaluate in soil bin a pantographic suspension of a sugar-cane base cutter to be used in a harvester semimechanized system (mechanical-aid). The simulations were accomplished using the computational program Matlab® allowing the determination of the suspension spring stiffness and its initial deformation in order to guarantee the flotation of the mechanism on the soil profile. Such condition can be obtained when soil-skidder interaction force is maintained in a minimum but never null. The suspension projected was built and mounted in soil bin for evaluation in a soil sine wave profile amplitude of 25 mm and 50 mm and length of 1,5 m. The results shows that the designed mechanism accomplishes its objectives satisfactory with errors between 8,5 mm and 9,1 mm for the harvester forward of 0,14 m.s-1 and 0,42 m.s-1 respectively
Mestrado
Maquinas Agricolas
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Germino, Rogério 1976. "Atuação de forças em hastes sulcadoras de semeadoras-adubadoras para plantio direto /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90534.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Sérgio Hugo Benez
Banca: Silvio José Bicudo
Banca: Rubens Siqueira
Resumo: O sistema de produção agrícola exige tecnologias cada vez mais aperfeiçoadas para seu desenvolvimento sustentável, tendo o sistema plantio direto contribuído diretamente nesse sentido, com o aperfeiçoamento de máquinas e equipamentos que melhor se adaptam as suas condições preliminares de implantação. Nesse quadro, as semeadoras-adubadoras são os equipamentos que sofrem as mais variadas modificações em sua constituição, pois nesse sistema o principio básico é o revolvimento somente na linha de semeadura, fazendo com que esses equipamentos realizem operações conjugadas associando qualidade e otimização dos recursos disponíveis. Uma técnica que vem sendo adotada pelos produtores é a substituição (nas semeadoras) dos discos duplos para deposição de adubos pelas hastes sulcadoras em maiores profundidades, com o objetivo de romper as camadas compactadas de solo, adiando assim o uso de escarificadores e subsoladores. Nesse sentido o presente estudo que foi realizado em condições de campo, com o objetivo de comparar dois modelos de hastes sulcadoras, uma comercial e uma experimental, para semeadoras adubadoras de plantio direto, determinado as forças atuantes e os momentos (Fx: força horizontal, Fy: força vertical, Fz: força lateral, My: momento transversal e Fz: momento longitudinal), variando quatro profundidades de trabalho (130mm, 230 mm, 280 mm e 330 mm) com e sem a utilização de disco de corte de palha. A haste Experimental apresentou maiores valores de força horizontal média (Fx), força vertical média (Fy), força lateral média (Fz), força horizontal máxima (Fx max), força vertical máxima (Fy max), força média por área de solo mobilizado (Fx/ASM), força horizontal específica (Fx esp.) momento transversal médio (My), momento longitudinal médio (Mz), momento transversal máximo (My max)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The agricultural system demands technologies more and more improved for its sustainable development, and agricultural system called no till has been contributed directly in that sense, with the improvement of machines and equipments that could be used with soil previous coverage. In this way row preparation shank are the equipments that suffer the most varied modifications in your constitution, because the basic concept is to revolve only the furrow, so those equipments have to have conjugated operations in consortium with quality and the improvement of the available resources. A technique that has been adopted by the farmers is the change (in the furrow openers) of the double disks for fertilizers deposition for a row preparation shank in higher depths. The objective of this change is to break the compacted layers of soil, postponing the usage of subsoiler and chisel plow witch are more expensive operations. In that sense the present study was accomplish in field conditions, with the objective of comparing two models of preparation shank for no till system, certain the active forcers and moments (Fx: horizontal force, Fy: vertical forces, Fz: lateral force, My: traverse moment and Mz: longitudinal moment), varying four work depths (130 mm, 230 mm, 280 mm and 330 mm) with and without the use of soil and residue cut disk. The experimental row preparation shank showed higher horizontal medium force values (Fx), vertical medium force (Fy), lateral medium force (Fz), horizontal maximum force (Fx max.), horizontal medium force by disturbed soil area (Fx/DSA), horizontal force by soil depth ( Fx sd) transverse medium moment (My), longitudinal medium moment (Mz), transverse maximum moment (My max.), longitudinal maximum moment (Mz max.), mximum power (P max.) e medium power (Pm). The showed differences ( row preparation shank) are related to their building structure. When we worked at... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Nascimento, José Maria do. "Sistema plantio direto : população de plantas de milho e velocidade de semeadura em consórcio com braquiárias /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100806.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani
Banca: Rouverson Pereira da Silva
Banca: Jorge Wilson Cortez
Banca: Afonso Lopes
Banca: Wilson José Oliveira de Souza
Resumo: O sistema plantio direto como prática conservacionista associado a técnicas como a integração lavoura-pecuária, tem como foco principal otimizar o uso das áreas agrícolas. Nessa condição, a opção do consórcio de milho com forrageiras constitui uma alternativa para suprir o aporte anual de palha e tornar o sistema sustentável. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, em dois anos agrícolas, avaliar, no primeiro, três forrageiras (Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens e B. ruzizienses) em consórcio com duas populações de plantas de milho e, no segundo, verificar o efeito da palhada dos tratamentos do ano anterior na semeadura do milho em duas velocidades do conjunto trator-semeadora. O experimento foi conduzido na área da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Produção da UNESP/Jaboticabal, SP, o solo da área experimental é classificado como LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico típico, A moderado, textura argilosa. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial (2x3), com quatro repetições. No ano agrícola 2008/2009, os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas populações de plantas de milho (55 e 75 mil plantas ha-1) consorciado com três forrageiras semeadas na entrelinha 30 dias após a semeadura do milho, totalizando 24 parcelas. Para o ano agrícola 2009/2010, a semeadura do milho foi realizada nas mesmas parcelas do ano anterior, com palhada proporcionada pelo consórcio das três forrageiras com milho e duas velocidades de deslocamento do conjunto trator-semeadora (6,0 e 7,7 km h-1). A população de 75 mil plantas ha-1 em consórcio com B. brizantha e B. ruzizienses, promoveu maiores valores de produtividade de grãos e as forrageiras promoveram maior quantidade de massa seca residual, com maior porcentagem de cobertura do solo para brizantha (2008/2009). Para o segundo ano agrícola, a variação da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: No tillage system as a conservation practice associated with techniques such as crop-livestock integration focuses primarily to optimize the use of agricultural areas. Given this condition, the option of corn intercropped with forage constitutes an alternative to supply the annual intake of straw and make the system sustainable. The study aimed, in two growing seasons, to evaluate in the first year three forages (Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens and B. ruzizienses) intercropped with two populations of corn plants, and in the second year to determine the effect of the straw treatment from previous year in two speeds of the tractor-seed drill. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization of UNESP / Jaboticabal County, São Paulo State, Brazil. The soil is classified as typiceutroferric Red Latossol, clayey. Randomized blocks design was used for the experimental layout forming a factorial arrangement of 2x3 with 4 replications. In the crop year of 2008/2009, treatments consisted of two corn plants populations (55 and 75 000 plants ha-1) sown intercropped with three forages 30 days after sowing of corn, totaling 24 plots. For crop year of 2009/2010 corn sowing was performed on the same plots as in the previous year but with two forward speeds of the tractor-seeder (6.0 and 7.7 km h-1), over the straw provided by the consortium of the corn and three forages. The population of 75,000 plants ha-1 in association with B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis promoted the highest values for grain productivity, and the forages promoted greater amount of residual dry matter, being B brizantha (2008/2009) with the highest percentage of soil cover. For the second crop season, speed variation of seeding affected the operational performance of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Balestra, Mônica Regina Gonzatti. "Efeitos da aquisição de tratores agrícolas por meio do Pronaf Mais Alimentos na região Central do Rio Grande do Sul – da economia à segurança." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3769.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-02-07T14:46:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Mônica Balestra.pdf: 1376133 bytes, checksum: fe8267205634b755ee0ae9ea46842be0 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-02-08T12:41:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Mônica Balestra.pdf: 1376133 bytes, checksum: fe8267205634b755ee0ae9ea46842be0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-08T12:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Mônica Balestra.pdf: 1376133 bytes, checksum: fe8267205634b755ee0ae9ea46842be0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-02
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Com o aquecimento da economia e com os subsídios advindos do governo, a agricultura familiar foi estimulada a se inserir no mercado, de forma mais organizada e competitiva. No aspecto social, representa uma retomada aos valores da terra e do meio ambiente, pois produz em menor escala e de forma diversificada. Com a demanda por produtos originados da agricultura familiar e com a facilidade na aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, a pequena propriedade rural está substituindo o trabalho realizado de forma braçal pela realização de tarefas de forma mecanizada. Fatores como a escassa mão de obra, a demanda por alimentos e o mercado de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, expandido pelos incentivos fornecidos pelo Governo Federal, proporcionaram que esses estabelecimentos se tornassem mais produtivos, aderindo à mecanização parcial ou total de suas atividades. Desta forma, este estudo teve como principal objetivo diagnosticar como a aquisição de tratores agrícolas por meio do Pronaf Mais Alimentos modificou o cenário e a economia das propriedades rurais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através de análise de 243 projetos para aquisição de tratores agrícolas, elaborados pela Emater/Ascar-RS, que utilizaram a linha de crédito do Pronaf Mais Alimentos na Região Centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Na pesquisa de campo desenvolvida em 69 propriedades rurais verificou-se que mesmo com a parcela do financiamento adquirido, a renda bruta anual das propriedades aumentou e os cultivos característicos das propriedades foram alterados. Constatou-se que na tomada de decisão de escolha do trator são considerados os fatores potência e valor disponível do financiamento, não sendo considerada o tamanho da propriedade e os custos com manutenção do trator adquirido. A modernização da propriedade rural através da aquisição do trator agrícola deveria reduzir o desgaste físico e os riscos ocupacionais do trabalho executado no campo. Contudo, ao analisar os modelos adquiridos foram encontrados níveis muito baixos em relação a conformidade com normas técnicas e regulamentadoras, demonstrando que embora sejam máquinas novas, os seus projetos não estão considerando melhorias que façam com o que trabalho rural seja realizado com maior conforto e segurança.
With the economic recovery and the benefits arising from the Federal Government, the Family Agriculture was encouraged to enter the market in a more organized and competitive way. In the social aspect, it is a return to the values of the land and the environment because family farmers produce in smaller scale and with more diversity. With the demand for products originating from family farming and with the ease of acquisition of machinery and equipment, the small farm is replacing hand work by mechanized tasks. Factors such as the limited manpower, the demand for food and agricultural machinery and equipment market, which expanded by incentives provided by the Federal Government, made that these farms become more productive by joining the partial total mechanization of their activities. Thus, this study aimed to diagnose how the acquisition of tractors through Pronaf Mais Alimentos changed the landscape and the economy of rural properties. The work was developed through analysis of 243 projects for the acquisition of agricultural tractors that use the credit line Pronaf Mais Alimentos elaborated by the rural extension agency Emater/Ascar-RS in central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. In field research conducted in 69 rural properties we found that even considering the portion of the acquired funding, the annual gross income of the properties increased and the characteristic cultivation crops of the properties have changed. We found that in making tractor choice decision the factors considered were the engine power and value of available funding, not considering the size of the property and the maintenance costs of the purchased tractor. The modernization of rural property by acquiring the tractor should reduce physical wear and occupational risks of the work performed in the field. However, when analyzing the acquired models we found very low levels of compliance in relation to technical and regulatory standards, demonstrating that although they were brand new machines, their designs are not considering improvements in order to provide rural work with greater comfort and safety

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Xiong, Huanbao. "Machinery selection and scheduling model for Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040441/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Oldoni, André. "Colhedora beneficiadora de cebolas para a agricultura familiar: Projeto informacional e conceitual." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2371.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_andre_oldoni.pdf: 3434088 bytes, checksum: 882bc33711496464287fc6624654d637 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27
The onion (Allium cepa L.) is considered of great social and economic importance in Brazil, and 70% of its production comes from family farmers. The production of onions is a tradition passed from generation to generation among the farmers, using simple tools and machines for the implementation of the crop. The physical exertion demanded, especially in transplant and harvest stages, which are carried out entirely by hand, is quite large. Usually the manufacturers of agricultural machinery have no interest in this sector. The aim of this study was to develop a mechanized system for the purpose of harvesting and benefit onions adapted to needs of family farmers. The methodology used is based on a phase model which is divided into: informational design, conceptual design, preliminary design and detailed design, and performed this work is the first two. In the first phase, informational design, we identified the needs of clients according to the functions that develop within each phase of the life cycle of the product to establish the design specifications. In the conceptual design phase there was the scope of the problem, establishing the functional structures feasible to meet the design specifications. There were searches for solution principles, selecting the most promising combinations of these principles with aim to choose the most appropriate to satisfy the needs met. The scope of the problem was found, remove and bag clean and undamaged bulbs with precision suitable for different depths and widths. Thus met the functional structure that best suits complying with the requirements of the project. We obtained four conceptions of machines one of than was selected and optimized, evolving it to the final design. This was the one that was more appropriate and feasible to build a prototype to carry out the harvesting and processing of onions.
A cebola (Allium cepa L.) é considerada de grande importância social e econômica no Brasil, sendo que 70% de sua produção é proveniente da agricultura familiar. O cultivo da cebola tem passado como tradição de geração para geração entre os agricultores familiares, que utilizam uma série de ferramentas e máquinas bastante simples para a implantação da lavoura. O esforço físico demandado, principalmente nas fases de transplante e colheita, que são realizadas de forma inteiramente manual, é grande. Normalmente as empresas fabricantes de máquinas agrícolas não apresentam interesse por este setor, assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver um sistema mecanizado com a finalidade de colher e beneficiar cebolas direcionadas às necessidades dos agricultores familiares. A base da metodologia utilizada encontra-se fundamentada em um modelo de fases o qual divide-se em: projeto informacional, projeto conceitual, projeto preliminar e projeto detalhado, sendo que neste trabalho executou-se as duas primeiras. Na primeira fase, projeto informacional, foram identificadas as necessidades dos clientes de acordo com as funções que desenvolvem dentro de cada fase do ciclo de vida do produto para estabelecimento das especificações de projeto. Na fase de projeto conceitual verificou-se o escopo do problema, estabelecendo-se as estruturas funcionais viáveis para o atendimento das especificações de projeto. Realizaram-se pesquisas por princípios de solução, selecionando as combinações mais promissoras a fim de escolher a mais adequada para o atendimento das necessidades encontradas. O escopo do problema encontrado foi: retirar e ensacar bulbos limpos e ilesos com precisão, adequada a diferentes profundidades e larguras. Desta forma encontrou-se a estrutura funcional que mais se adequou ao atendimento dos requisitos de projeto. Obteve-se quatro concepções de máquinas uma das quais foi selecionada e otimizada, evoluindo-a para a concepção final.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Neves, Lúcio de Araujo. "Agricultura familiar: validação e sustentabilidade das patrulhas agrícolas." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2352.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Lucio_Araujo_Neves.pdf: 3077726 bytes, checksum: 1471fcf72af944a4d0d568d3bf6ed9d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-28
The Family Farming increasingly seeking viable alternatives of mechanization, especially in order to minimize the physical effort that the farmer has to spend in his daily work. In order to contribute to this situation, some municipalities have formed farm machinery services (MSs), which is the name given to the collection of agricultural machinery available to farmers. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the performance of the MSs of the municipalities of Arroio do Padre, Canguçu, Capão Leão, Jaguarão, São Lourenço do Sul and Turuçu, all located in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. To this end, an exploratory survey was applied, which dividinged the people involved in internal customers (people directly involved in the management of the MSs, intermediate customers (machine operators) and external customers (farmers who use the services of MSs). For the collection of field data, a semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used. The data showed that MSs are well structured in terms of machinery, as they have in their compositions a variety of machines in accordance to with the main crops plantedin of the in the regions where they operate. However, there are problems, especially with respect to their sizing and the real needs of family farmers. Also, it was observed that the best management practice in the MSs occurs when this task is transferred to the associations of producers, this lead causes them to organize themselves, create a spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance. This, in turn, is also a way to improve the care of a public asset that belongs to everyone. Another point that stands out refers to the machine operators. It was observed that, in the cities analyzed, this type of activity has improved operating results when operators are outsourced. The investigation allowed concluding that the state farm machinery services have as main characteristic the assistance to farmers, especially those with less means to mechanize their properties.
A Agricultura Familiar cada vez mais busca alternativas viáveis de mecanização, principalmente no sentido de minimizar o esforço físico que o produtor tem de despender no seu dia a dia. Com a finalidade de contribuir com tal situação, alguns municípios criaram as patrulhas agrícolas (PAs), que é o nome dado ao conjunto de máquinas e implementos colocados à disposição dos agricultores familiares. Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar e avaliar o funcionamento das PAs dos municípios de Arroio do Padre, Canguçu, Capão do Leão, Jaguarão, São Lourenço do Sul e Turuçu, todos localizados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tal, utilizou-se de um estudo exploratório, em que se dividiu os clientes em Internos (pessoas envolvidas diretamente na administração das PAs), Intermediários (operadores das máquinas) e Externos (produtores que utilizam os serviços das PAs). Para a coleta de dados a campo, foram utilizados entrevistas semi-estruturadas e questionários. Os dados mostraram que as PAs estão bem estruturadas em termos de máquinas, uma vez que possuem em suas composições, equipamentos diversificados de acordo com as culturas implantadas nas regiões em que estão inseridas. Contudo, existem problemas, principalmente, com relação ao dimensionamento das mesmas e as reais necessidades das propriedades familiares. Também, observou-se que a melhor prática de administração das PAs se dá no repasse dessa tarefa às associações de produtores, isso faz com que os mesmos se organizem, criem um espírito de cooperação e ajuda mútua. Essa, por sua vez, é também uma forma de aumentar os cuidados com o bem que é público e de todos. Os operadores das máquinas têm melhores resultados operacionais, quando são terceirizados. Verificou-se, ainda que as patrulhas agrícolas têm como principal característica o auxílio aos agricultores familiares, especialmente àqueles com menores condições de mecanizar suas propriedades.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Locker, Alison R. "Burden of agricultural machinery injuries in Ontario, 1985-1996, descriptive and economic analyses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63330.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Prayitno, Shafiq. "Analysis of crop-machinery systems for wetland rice production." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386712.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Andersson, Norberto Luiz Marques. "Seleção de tratores agrícolas adequados à agricultura familiar." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2417.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Norberto_Luiz_Marques_Andersson.pdf: 11394785 bytes, checksum: b04621cd09eb9c9f0e85f0e6a07ed0e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-06
Family-based farmers work in their fields primarily with crops that can ensure their livelihood. For this reason, they make use of both creativity and the resources available in the farm in order to make their job easier and reduce costs, taking advantage of crop diversification as a necessary action for their food security. As new resources compatible with their savings become available through government lines of credit, farmers can technicize their properties mainly through the acquisition of tractors and agricultural machinery to facilitate and expedite their work. With the aim of supporting these farmers to acquire agricultural tractors suitable for their needs, an assisting and supporting decision methodology based on technical criteria, costs, ergonomics and safety has been developed. Data from 30 families who bought new tractors through PRONAF (National Programme to foster family and small scale farmers) informed this methodology. Next, it was made a comparing spreadsheet between the criteria established with the multicriteria methodology and those directly measured from the tractors purchased by this group of farmers. The results obtained allowed to infer that the model and the spreadsheet established in this work can be easily adapted to other situations and regions where there is the tendency to mechanicize the work of agricultural mechanization. It was also found that low-power but affordable tractors to purchase, as well as operational cost items consistent with the capacity of the tractor, seem to be extremely important for the families surveyed.
Os agricultores de base familiar trabalham em suas áreas, primeiramente com culturas vegetais que garantam sua subsistência, para isso utilizam criatividade e recursos disponíveis dentro da propriedade, com a finalidade de facilitação do trabalho e diminuição de custos, utilizando a diversificação de cultivos como ação necessária para sua segurança alimentar. Na medida em que começam a existir recursos disponibilizados através de linhas de crédito governamentais, compatíveis com suas economias, estes agricultores apresentam a possibilidade de tecnificar suas propriedades, principalmente pela aquisição de tratores e máquinas agrícolas, no sentido de facilitar e agilizar seu trabalho. Com a finalidade de apoiar estes agricultores a adquirir tratores agrícolas adequados as suas necessidades desenvolveu-se uma metodologia de auxílio e apoio à decisão, a qual se baseia em critérios técnicos, de custos, de ergonomia e de segurança. Esta metodologia foi suprida com informações obtidas de 30 famílias que compraram tratores novos, através do PRONAF (Programa nacional de fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar). Posteriormente confeccionou-se uma planilha comparativa entre os critérios estabelecidos com a utilização da metodologia multicritério e aqueles medidos diretamente nos tratores adquiridos por este grupo de agricultores. Os resultados obtidos permitiram inferir que o modelo e planilha estabelecidos neste trabalho podem ser facilmente adaptáveis a outras situações e regiões, onde exista a tendência em tecnificar o trabalho de mecanização agrícola. Constatou-se também que, tratores de baixa potência, mas com preço acessível de compra, bem como itens de custo operacional compatível com a capacidade do trator parecem vir a ser por demais importantes para as famílias pesquisadas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Yule, Ian J. "A decision support system for farm machinery budgeting and selection." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242352.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hussain, Mohd Nasir. "The role and potential contribution of industrial design in developing agricultural machinery for Malaysia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289424.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Tirapicos, António Maria Carvalho. "Avaliação da eficiência de campo em operações agrícolas com recurso à tecnologia GPS." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5376.

Full text

Abstract:

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
In the past, the estimation of field efficiency for agricultural machinery based on measurements of area and time was difficult and time consuming using a stopwatch during operation. Currently with the GPS system one can obtain this information much faster and in a simpler manner. This study tested a methodology for the estimation of the field efficiency of agricultural operations using the GPS. We measured working time of several agricultural operations and subsequently compared with data available in the literature. Since there are few empirical studies conducted on this subject the comparisons were mainly restricted to the data collected from literature; it was found that the majority of the field efficiencies obtained were slightly lower than those reported (mainly in operations involving the application of production factors). Through further and more detailed analysis on data collected by GPS one can identify areas where the operation was less efficient and make improvements in work performance. The analyzed data can help managers improve farm management decisions on machinery use, increasing their operation efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Cerri, Domingos Guilherme Pellegrino. "Agricultura de precisão em cana-de-açucar : instrumentação de uma colhedora, mapeamento da produtividade e de atributos do solo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257228.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Paulo Sergio Graziano Magalhaes
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cerri_DomingosGuilhermePellegrino_D.pdf: 4121488 bytes, checksum: 9b91abea04eca837abde9f7e2597aa56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A presente pesquisa visa instrumentar uma colhedora de cana-de-açúcar para obtenção de mapas de produtividade da cultura e ao mesmo tempo, avaliar e correlacionar os atributos físicos e químicos do solo com os dados de produtividade. Os mapas foram elaborados para uma área de 42 ha da Usina São João Açúcar e Álcool localizada em Araras, SP. O sistema de mapeamento de produtividade de cana-de-açúcar desenvolvido (SIMPROCANA) utiliza células de carga como instrumento de determinação do peso do material colhido e é capaz de mensurar o fluxo de rebolos que passa pela esteira antes de serem lançados ao veículo de transbordo. Estes dados, juntamente com as informações obtidas por um Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) instalado na colhedora, permitem, com o auxilio de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica ¿ SIG, a elaboração de mapa digital que representa a superfície de produção para a área colhida. Este sistema foi testado em laboratório e em campo. O SIMPROCANA representou satisfatoriamente a variabilidade espacial da produtividade da cultura. O peso obtido por esse sistema, comparado com o da carga de cana na balança da usina, apresentou um erro médio de 0,96% com um máximo de 6,4%. O resultado deixa de ser satisfatório quando se compara o peso obtido pelo SIMPROCANA com aquele proveniente do transbordo pesado no campo. O erro médio associado nesse caso é aproximadamente dez vezes maior quando se faz a associação com o peso na balança da usina. Os mapas dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo (granulometria, macro e micronutrientes, acidez, densidade e resistência à penetração) foram confeccionados com base em duas amostragens em anos consecutivos. Na primeira, com o auxílio de um veículo amostrador, foram coletadas 170 amostras na área de 42 ha em uma malha regular de 50 x 50 m. Na segunda, coletou-se 49 amostras em malha de 100 x 100 m definida em base nos alcances máximos obtidos pela análise geoestatística da primeira amostragem. Os resultados da primeira amostragem foram correlacionados com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar obtida pela pesagem dos transbordos em campo. Esse método alternativo de avaliação permitiu a utilização dos resultados da primeira amostragem, uma vez que a colhedora não estava devidamente instrumentada. Os dados da segunda amostragem foram relacionados ao mapa de produtividade obtido pelo SIMPROCANA. Os resultados das análises físicas e químicas usados para a construção dos modelos dos semivariogramas se ajustaram melhor para a malha de 50 x 50 m do que à de 100 x 100 m. As correlações entre produtividade e atributos do solo apresentaram valores baixos. Os maiores índices ocorreram para as variáveis cobre (0,55), altitude (-0,47%) e teor de argila (0,51%). Apesar dessas baixas correlações, foi possível recomendar uma aplicação variada de insumos baseando-se exclusivamente nas informações dos atributos químicos do solo. Simulações mostraram que os custos de aplicação em taxa variada de fertilizantes fosfatados e potássicos são praticamente 50% menores do que o valor calculado para a taxa fixa. Em relação à calagem não houve variação significativa nos custos de aplicação do calcário pelas duas maneiras
Abstract: The present research aims to instrument a sugarcane harvester in order to obtain the crop yield maps and, at the same time, evaluate and correlate the physical and chemical attributes of the soil using the yield data. In order to obtain these maps, an area measuring 42 ha located at São João Sugar and Alcohol Mill in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil. The yield mapping system of sugarcane crop developed (SIMPROCANA) uses load cells as an instrument to weighing the harvested material and it is capable to measure the flow passing by the matting before being launched to the transport vehicle. These data, together with the information obtained by a Global Positioning System (GPS) installed on the harvester, allow the elaboration of a digital map with the help of a Geographical Information System - GIS that represents the production on the surface for the harvested area. This system was tested under laboratory and field conditions. SIMPROCANA represented satisfactorily the spatial variability of the crop yield. The weight obtained by this system compared with that of sugarcane load in a mill's scale presented an average error of 0.96%, with a maximum of 6.4%. The result is not satisfactory anymore when it compares the weight obtained by using SIMPROCANA with that from the transportation vehicle weighed in the field. The average error associated in this case is around ten fold higher, when the association with the weight obtained in the mill's scale is performed. In relation to the making of map of physical and chemical attributes of soil (granulometry, macro and micronutrients, acidity, density, and resistance to penetration), two samplings were made in consecutive years. In the first sampling, 170 samples were collected in a 42 ha area in a regular grid of 50 x 50 m, helped by a sampler vehicle. In the second one, 49 samples in a 100 x 100 m grid defined by the maximum reaching obtained by geostatistics analysis performed at the first sampling. The results of the first sampling were correlated with the sugarcane yield obtained by means of weighing the transport vehicle in the field. This alternative method allowed the using of the results from the first sampling once the harvester was not properly instrumented. The data from the second sampling were related to the yield mapping obtained by using SIMPROCANA. The results of the physical and chemical analyses used for the construction of semivariograms models adjusted better at the 50 x 50 m grid when compared to that of 100 x 100 m. the correlations between the yield and the soil attributes presented lower values. The higher indexes occurred for the variable altitudes (- 0.47%), clay rate (0.51%), and copper (0.55). Despite these low correlations, it was possible to recommend a varied rate application of inputs based exclusively on the information obtained from the chemical attributes of the soil. Simulation tests showed that the application costs under a varied rate of phosphated and potash fertilizers are practically half of the value calculated for a fixed rate. In relation to the liming, there was not significative variation in the prices of lime application spread by both methods
Doutorado
Maquinas Agricolas
Doutor em Maquinas Agricolas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Vasconcelos, Márcia Beatriz Silva. "Projeto de um dosador de fertilizantes para semeadora / adubadora de grãos graúdos de baixa potência para agricultura familiar." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2359.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marcia_Beatriz_Vasconcelos.pdf: 2622303 bytes, checksum: fc997b6c1682e74631f3ca53318515e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19
The Family Farm has a great capacity for productive conversion and management, fitting the best possible economic, social and cultural rights, including the market in an effective and dynamic, but facing some problems to absorb new technologies to increase productivity. There is the great importance of developing technologies for family farms, covering their needs and demands of economically and efficiently. Therefore this study aimed to develop a prototype feeder fertilizer that meets the two sowing lines simultaneously, and to verify the functionality of the design principles of the chosen solution. We evaluated the performance of the prototype with four types of fertilizer, three conditions for opening the dispenser system (430, 839 and 1.270mm ²) and three speeds (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 rpm) of the active organ. The performance of the fertilizer metering mechanism was judged satisfactory for granulated products, but should be improved to avoid disrupting the flow of materials in powder form at low speeds. It was possible to obtain flow rates of fertilizer between 14 and 100 g / s, which meet the needs of family farmers.
A Agricultura Familiar apresenta uma grande capacidade de reconversão produtiva e de gestão, se adequando às melhores possibilidades econômicas, sociais e culturais, inclusive de mercado de maneira eficaz e dinâmica, porém enfrentam alguns problemas para absorver novas tecnologias para o aumento de sua produtividade. Verifica-se a grande importância de desenvolvimento de tecnologias voltadas a agricultura familiar, que contemple suas necessidade e demandas de forma econômica e eficiente. Com isso o presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver um protótipo de dosador de fertilizante que atende a duas linhas de semeadura simultaneamente, bem como verificar a funcionalidade dos princípios de solução da concepção escolhida. Avaliou-se o desempenho do protótipo com quatro tipos de fertilizantes, três condições de abertura no sistema dosador (430, 839 e 1.270mm²) e três rotações (2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 rpm) do órgão ativo. O desempenho do mecanismo dosador de fertilizante foi julgado satisfatório para os produtos granulados, porém deve ser melhorado para evitar a interrupção do fluxo dos materiais na forma de pó em baixas rotações. Foi possível obter vazões de fertilizantes entre 14 e 100 g/s, as quais atendem às necessidades dos agricultores familiares.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Zingaretti, Laura M. "Deep and shallow learning solutions for modern agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672495.

Full text

Abstract:

L'agricultura moderna depèn àmpliament de l'ús de sofisticades eines informàtiques per analitzar dades massives, tant genotípiques com fenotípiques. La selecció genòmica (SG), que consisteix en predir característiques complexes utilitzant marcadors genètics d'ampli espectre, ha estat aprofitada pels milloradors de plantes i animals, al llarg de les últimes dècades, per produir un considerable augment del guany genètic, reduint el nombre de mostres a testar al camp. Paral·lelament, la implantació de l'electrònica, els sensors, les càmeres digitals, els vehicles aeris no tripulats i l'espectrometria de masses, entre d'altres, han obert una finestra d'oportunitats en l'àmbit de la ""fenómica"", augmentant ràpidament la quantitat de dades disponibles. Totes les tecnologies 'òmiques' també proporcionen noves fonts d'informació, permetent no només la caracterització del mateix organisme, sinó també seva del seu metagenoma. Per tant, un dels majors reptes actuals és combinar totes aquestes dades heterogènies per transformar-les en informació valuosa que ajudi els milloradors a prendre decisions eficaces. El present treball aborda una varietat de problemes de predicció genòmica i fenómica, tots ells amb l'objectiu comú d'explorar avantatges i desavantatges de l'ús de ML en agricultura. Les dues primeres contribucions tracten de problemes de predicció genòmica, mentre que els dos capítols següents s'ocupen de la fenómica, i l'última investigació tracta de la integració de dades. Els resultats obtinguts aquí mostren com les tècniques d'aprenentatge automàtic (ML) poden potenciar l'agricultura moderna en múltiples vies. No obstant això, queda molta feina per fer i es requereixen desenvolupaments específics de ML per potenciar el guany genètic en els programes de millora.
La agricultura moderna depende ampliamente del uso de sofisticadas herramientas informáticas para analizar datos masivos, tanto genotípicos como fenotípicos. La selección genómica (SG), que consiste en predecir rasgos complejos utilizando marcadores genéticos de amplio espectro, ha sido aprovechada por los mejoradores de plantas y animales a lo largo de las últimas décadas, para producir un considerable aumento de la ganancia genética, reduciendo el número de muestras a testear en el campo. Paralelamente, la implantación de la electrónica, los sensores, las cámaras digitales, los vehículos aéreos no tripulados y la espectrometría de masas, entre otros, han abierto una ventana de oportunidades en el ámbito de la ""fenómica"", aumentando rápidamente la cantidad de datos disponibles. Todas las tecnologías 'ómicas' también proporcionan nuevas fuentes de información, permitiendo no sólo la caracterización del propio organismo, sino también de su metagenoma. Por lo tanto, uno de los mayores desafíos actuales es combinar todos estos datos heterogéneos para transformarlos en información valiosa que ayude a los mejoradores a tomar decisiones eficaces. El presente trabajo aborda una variedad de problemas de predicción genómica y fenómica, todos ellos con el objetivo común de explorar ventajas y desventajas del uso de ML en agricultura. Las dos primeras contribuciones tratan de problemas de predicción genómica, mientras que los dos capítulos siguientes se ocupan de la fenómica, y la última investigación trata de la integración de datos. Los resultados obtenidos aquí muestran cómo las técnicas de aprendizaje automático (ML) pueden potenciar la agricultura moderna en múltiples vías. Sin embargo, queda mucho trabajo por hacer y se requieren desarrollos específicos de ML para potenciar la ganancia genética en los programas de mejora.
Modern agriculture relies heavily on sophisticated computational tools that involve genomics and phenomics data at a large scale. As for genomics, over the past few decades, plant and animal breeders have taken advantage of genomic selection (GS), which is the breeding strategy that consists of predicting complex traits using genomic wide genetic markers. GS has two main advantages over traditional approaches: increasing genetic gain and reducing the amount of data to be tested in the field. In parallel, the implementation of electronic, sensors, digital cameras, unmanned aerial vehicles, mass spectrometry, among others, have opened a window of opportunities in the ‘phenomics’ area, rapidly increasing the amount of available data. Phenotyping does not end here, as ‘omics’ technologies also provide a new source of information, allowing not only the characterization of the organism itself but also of its metagenome. The current challenge is to transform and combine all these heterogeneous data into valuable information that helps the breeder to make better and more effective decisions. The present work deals with a variety of genomic prediction and phenomics problems, all with the shared objective of exploring the strengths and weaknesses of ML techniques in agriculture. The first two contributions deal with genomic prediction issues while the following two chapters are concerned with phenomics, followed by the last research on data integration. The results obtained here show how machine learning (ML) techniques can empower modern agriculture in multiple avenues. However, much work remains to be done and specific ML developments are required to enhance genetic gain in breeding programs.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Genètica

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agricultural machinery. Agriculture'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles