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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural machinery. Agriculture'
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1
Vitiuk, A. V., and O. A. Smetaniuk. "Economic Interaction of Agricultural Development and Agricultural Machine-Engineering." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 46 (2020): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-4-134-145.
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The paper deals with the study of the relationship between agricultural development of and agricultural engineering. Production output of certain types of machines and equipment for agriculture are examined. The dynamics of production performance in plant growing and stockbreeding is analyzed. The dynamics of such agricultural development indices as net income, subsidies, taxes, net value added, fixed capital application, etc. are considered. The tripling of output and a steady growth of net profit of agricultural producers are established. It is proven that farm equipment upgrading is less active than net income growth, and thus it was determined that enterprises have the necessary financial resources to generate demand for agricultural machinery. The peculiarities of agricultural machinery production in Ukraine at the present stage are revealed, in particular the causes and consequences of such a situation in production machinery for agricultural enterprises. Two opposite trends in agricultural machinery production are identified, namely, the decline in the production of complex, expensive machinery and the increase in the production of less costly appliances. The condition of the durable equipment in agriculture is analyzed by identifying their value and the degree of wear. Consequences of the increase in the quantity and quality of used machinery in agriculture are revealed. The requirements of agricultural enterprises for the quality of agricultural machinery are identified, and their classification by the requirements for quality, value and service is worked out. The quality requirements include technical and functional characteristics; value requirements consist of equipment prices, discounts, and value-added services. Service requirements comprise quality assurance of information, organizational and maintenance services. In accordance with the established requirements, technical, organizational, economic and social ways to meet these requirements were developed.
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Serebrenny, Vladimir, Madin Shereuzhev, and Ivan Metasov. "Approaches to the robotization of agricultural mobile machines." MATEC Web of Conferences 161 (2018): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816103014.
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Agriculture is the extremely important and developing economic movement in all times. Automation of agricultural machines occurs by different ways. One way is through the creation of specialized technical solutions for the required technological processes, another way is the construction of automatic agricultural machines, including mobile ones. The state of modern technology allows to create autonomous machines. The agriculture robotization trends are the high precision and unmanned farming. The article considers the issues of robotization of agricultural machinery. Stages of robotization of agricultural mobile machines were analyzed. The factors affecting the autonomous movement of mobile agrorobots were shown.
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Zakharchuk, Oleksandr. "Export and import of agricultural machinery." Ekonomika APK 308, no. 6 (June 28, 2020): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202006081.
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The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically based proposals for improving the material and technical support for the development of agricultural enterprises with domestic and foreign equipment. Research methods. In the research process, the following methods were used: dialectical knowledge of processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of the development and provision of agriculture with imported and domestic equipment); empirical (according to a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the object of study); comparative analysis (identified the problems and goals of logistics in Ukraine); abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions). Research results. While studying the issues of export-import of agricultural machinery in Ukraine's agriculture, the current state of material and technical support was revealed and its economic and social aspects were analyzed. The main results on material and technical support of the agriculture of Ukraine are revealed. Scientific novelty. The theoretical provisions on material and technical development in agriculture were further developed, which are based on the modernization of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the achievements of scientific and technological progress in Ukraine and the world, accelerating the solution of important tasks for the further mechanization of production, which will facilitate the implementation innovative progressive technologies, increase labor productivity. Practical significance. Along with individual positive changes in material and technical support, systemic obstacles to their development have been identified. Suggestions were made to eliminate them by active methods, including through state regulation. Figs.: 9. Refs.: 12.
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Tsench, Yuliya S. "Agricultural science in the Soviet Union in 1945-1965." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-2-156-170.
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The law on the five-year plan for the restoration and development of the national economy of the USSR for 1946-50 provided for a significant increase in the volume of agricultural machinery. It was necessary to introduce into agricultural production new high-performance tractors, self-propelled combines, mounted machines with hydraulic control, specialized machines for technical, tilled, forage crops. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the achievements of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in 1945-1965. (Materials and methods) Author studied the history of agricultural engineering science development in the USSR in the post-war period on the basis of archival materials and scientific literature. The sources have shown that the creation of new agricultural machinery required the development of research methods, new more effective technologies for design work and the consolidation of efforts of agricultural engineering science, testers and manufacturers of equipment. (Results and discussion) The article presents an analysis of the development of scientific research and technical developments aimed at improving agricultural technologies and agricultural machinery, and intensifying agricultural production. Author have found regional specialized research institutes, specialized design bureaus, and zonal machine-testing stations were established during the period under review. The article notes that the Department of Mechanization of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been significantly strengthened. A crucial role in the development of agricultural engineering science played the leading research institutions in the country, the All-Union Scientific and Research Institute of Mechanization of Agriculture, All-Union Institute of Electrification of Agriculture, All-Union Scientific and Research Technological Institute of Repair and Operation of Machine and Tractor Park, Research Tractor Institute and the National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Universities - Moscow, Azov-black sea, Chelyabinsk, Kharkiv institutes of agricultural mechanization, Rostov and Kirovograd institutes of agricultural engineering. (Conclusions) Thanks to the efforts of academic and university scientists, designers and testers, the latest agricultural machines and equipment were created, the introduction of which made it possible to fully meet the country's needs for food and agricultural raw materials.
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Кондрашова, Elena Kondrashova, Афоничев, Dmitriy Afonichev, Аксенов, and I. Aksenov. "Improving the organization of technical services in agriculture." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 3 (December 8, 2014): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6295.
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To ensure high performance of the agricultural machinery and equipment it is necessary to improve the system of technical service in agriculture through the creation of specialized service centers. Features of agricultural production are such that machinery and equipment implementing its processes are distributed throughout the agricultural enterprises, and mobile machines and units that form the basis of machine-tractor fleet, change their place of deployment as work progresses in certain areas. This situation complicates the maintenance (M) and current repairs (CR) of agricultural machinery and equipment, as their delivery of their service centers or check out of service technician with the necessary tools, equipment and materials directly to the operation of machines and equipment, or temporary storage sites are required. The result is more expensive M and CR and increased losses from downtime, of course these additional costs and losses must be minimized by the rational organization of processes of M and CR. Analytical dependences are got to determine the costs of the M or CR, taking into accounts the embodiment of losses from downtime of serviced machines and the method of its delivery to the service center. Selecting embodiment of M or CR is carried out on a minimum of these costs, for which the algorithm is proposed, comprising determining the costs of the options under consideration to perform M or TP and compare them to avoid irrational choices. These analytical dependence and calculation algorithm contribute to the improvement of the organization of technical services in agriculture.
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Sun, Qin, Zuo Li Li, Hui Yu, and Jin Sheng Zhang. "The Analysis on Environmental Protection, Energy Saving and Green Design of Agricultural Machinery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1538.
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The energy saving and environmental protection design of agricultural machinery is a new design concept. Based on the analysis of meaning and significance of agricultural machinery energy saving and environmental protection design, Elaborated the trends of energy saving and environmental protection of agriculture machinery. The paper also pointed out that the green design is the inevitable trend of the development of agricultural machinery.
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Skudlarski, Jacek, Piotr Chibowski, Waldemar Izdebski, Roman Krygul, Oksana Makarchuk, Svetlana Zaika, and Stanisław Zając. "Przemiany w wyposażeniu technicznym gospodarstw rolnych na Ukrainie w latach 2000-2015." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.1.17.
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The purpose of the article was the analysis of the change in the equipment of Ukraine's agriculture in selected means of mechanization of plant growing in the period of 2000-2015. The analysis is limited of tractors, combine harvesters, machines for harvesting potatoes and sugar beet. By preparing the article, data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine was used, as well as available publications. The changes that have occurred in the agriculture of Ukraine caused significant on depletion of the technical base of agricultural enterprises. At the same time, the area of agricultural land for one tractor and the sown area for one machine increased significantly. One of the important problems facing the Ukrainian agriculture is considerable technical, moral and economical wear and tear of the machinery and tractor fleet in households and enterprises.
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Cong, Hong Bin, Ru Xin Li, and Xin Yue Han. "Application of Kinematics Simulation Technology in Agricultural Machinery Design." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3447.
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In this paper, the research status and the significance of the simulation technology were discussed, and the necessity introducing the simulation technology into the agricultural machinery design was analyzed. Through the material kinematics simulation in processing, both the component kinematics simulation and the system dynamic simulation of the agricultural machinery, a specific application of the simulation technology in the agriculture machinery design was displayed. Application of the simulation technology in the agricultural machinery design has a vital significance for enhancing their design and development ability, improving their product performance, as well as promoting new agricultural machinery and the agricultural mechanization.
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Gao, Rui Tao, Xiao Yan Guo, and Yu Hua Cao. "The Life Cycle Design of Green Farm Machinery and Green Supply Chain Management." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2460.
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To realize green agriculture must realize green farm machinery design and the life cycle of green supply chain management, this paper focused on China's existing agricultural machinery design, production, use, management and teaching, discusses the design and use life cycle green supply chain management really realize green agriculture method.
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Pathania, Ankit, Rashmi Chaudhary, and Krishan Kumar. "Analysis of Agriculture Input Consumption by Indian Farmers." International Journal of Economic Plants 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2020.0369.
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Agriculture has always been a lifeline of the Indian economy as it provides livelihood and employment to more than 54% of the population. It also contributes around 13.9% to the gross domestic product of the country. The backbone of any agricultural revolution is the access of farmers to modern agricultural inputs. These agricultural inputs range from improved seeds, fertilizers and crop protection chemicals to machinery, irrigation and knowledge etc. Keeping this in the background, the present study was carried out to make an analysis of agricultural inputs usages by the Indian farmers. The data for the present study were mainly sourced from various government published reports like agriculture statistical at a glance, 2018 and agricultural research data book, 2018. The analysis of the information was performed using annual growth rate, percentage and compound annual growth rate from 2001-02 to 2017-18. The study resulted in that input-consumption in the agriculture sector has expanded to a large extent during the study period and showing an increasing trend in the consumption-status of most of the agricultural inputs like certified/quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, farm machinery and electricity. Furthermore, it can be suggested that agricultural inputs have a huge potential to scale-up and maximizing agricultural productivity in the country.
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Tripathi, Amarnath, and A. R. Prasad. "Agricultural Productivity Growth in India." Journal of Global Economy 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v4i4.113.
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The case of Indian agricultural performance was impressive. The food production and increases in productivity are essential for meeting the growing demands for food in the future. There is widespread opinion that this growing demand can be met by increased use of inputs or increases in agricultural productivity. Productivity growth of agriculture in India over the past four decades was the result of a combination of factors such as new incentives to farmers offered by the government who considered them as autonomous economic agents, and physical factors such as land, labour, capital (in the form of machines, working animals, irrigation system, and so on), and intermediate inputs such as fertilizer. Indian agricultural growth has been less dependent on the conventional inputs of capital. Capital was computed as the sum of the value of agricultural machinery, farm equipment and tools, transport equipment in farm business, land improvements, investments in private and public irrigation, and farm houses in Indian agriculture. As the growth of agriculture increases the importance of conventional inputs of capital becomes lesser in comparison to modern inputs of capital. Since mid 1960s, a package of modern inputs of capital such as high yield variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, tractor etc. has been continuously used with increasing trend in Indian agriculture. This was main cause of the remarkable growth in output of agriculture during 1970s and 1980s decades. This paper is aimed at analyzing the impact of some production variables (input) on agricultural productivity growth (output) in Indian agriculture from 1969-70 to 2005-06. The question here is whether or not these different variables have an impact on agricultural production.
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Stavytskyy, Andriy, and Oleksandra Prokopenko. "INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND ITS EFFICIENCY IN UKRAINE." Ekonomika 96, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2017.1.10667.
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One of the major conditions of effective agriculture production is sufficient farm mechanization. However, the unstable economic situation in Ukraine, combined with bureaucratic problems, an unstable currency exchange rate, and sharply changed trade routes (which has caused major losses to a number of farms and traders working with the Custom Union) created significant obstacles for investing in machinery in Ukraine. It is especially topical for small and medium farms that usually function in poor economic conditions without any adequate access to the credit market. Consequently, Ukrainian agriculture producers often have an inadequate mechanization rate. As a result, the productivity of Ukrainian farms is significantly lower as compared to other countries that have similar natural conditions in terms of temperatures, precipitation and quality of agricultural lands.A no less important problem is the lack of awareness of small and medium farms, which may not realize the effect that investment has in agriculture machinery. Thus, in order to provide specific numbers for potential investors and prove the efficiency of this fund placement, an expected direct economic effect from machinery investment (as an increased profit from higher yield) was estimated. The first step was to define those types of agricultural machinery that have significant impact on the yield and productivity levels for each of the most important crop types: grain, oil crops, vegetables, fruits, etc. Then, an impact of additional investment in various machinery means on crops yield was estimated. Finally, based on fixed prices and a discount rate, an expected additional profit generated by newly purchased machinery on an average farm was estimated. The model proved especially high profitability of investment in such machinery as ploughs, fertilizers spreaders, harvesters, tractors, and machines for irrigation – most of them are paid off (on a land parcel with area around 2000 ha) in three years or less.
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Ovchinnikov, E. V., S. Yu Coziness, K. S. Dmitriev, and A. S. Ovcharenko. "Analysis of ways to adapt automotive diesel engines to work on gas fuel." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2008-02.
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Many targeted state measures, including the State program for agricultural development and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for the period 2013–2020. (extended by the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation until 2025) and The strategy for the development of agricultural machinery for the period up to 2030, provide for comprehensive equipping of agricultural production as a whole and its individual segments, including livestock and poultry, with modern high-performance machinery and equipment.
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Tao, Ai Xiang. "Grey Relational Analysis on Factors Affecting Low Carbon Agriculture." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2575.
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This paper expounds the concept of low carbon agriculture and analyses the factors affecting low carbon agriculture by means of grey relational theory. The conclusion shows that, according the important degree from high to low, the factors affecting the development level of low carbon agriculture are as follows: the number of rural adult attending technical training; the quantity of rural population; the quantity of agricultural technical personnel; Total power of agricultural machinery and agricultural finance investment. Therefore , we should firstly take effective measures to increase the number of rural adult attending technical training. Then ,we should pay more emphasizes on the quantity of rural population and the quantity of agricultural technical personnel.
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Мухаметгалиев, Фарит, Farit Mukhametgaliev, Фидания Садриева, and Fidaniya Sadrieva. "PROBLEMS OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 2 (October 3, 2017): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59ad0b829e3b49.78457549.
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Technical supply of enterprises of agro-industrial complex is one of the important factors of their industrial and economic development. This factor takes place when processing soils, harvesting and selling agricultural products. So, the crop production directly depends on the technical provision of the village with tractors, combines and other agricultural machines, which make it possible to apply and timely fulfill all agronomic requirements. The main reason of deterioration of the material and technical base is the lack of financial means for farms to purchase machinery and equipment, as well as weakened government support, and reduced investment in the development of agriculture. The volume of agricultural production and results of agricultural organizations depend from the timely and full provision of agriculture with material and technical resources, as well as the effectiveness of their use. Optimal formation and rational use of the material and technical base of agriculture has a direct impact on the performance of the entire agro-industrial complex. Effective use of agricultural resources is possible with increasing intensity of agricultural production on the basis of a highly developed material and technical base. At present, agricultural enterprises do not have a complex of machines for mechanizing agricultural production, that corresponds to the achievements of science and technology in this field, and it is very difficult to use the existing outdated material and technical base as the basis for increasing the intensity of agricultural production in modern conditions. In this connection, a particular urgency in modern conditions acquires the ways of technical re-equipment and integrated mechanization of agriculture.
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Kovačev, Igor, and Daniele De Wrachien. "Report on the 44th International Symposium: Actual Tasks on Agricultural Engineering, 23rd-26th February 2016, Opatija, Croatia." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.552.
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The 44<sup>th</sup> International Symposium <em>Actual Tasks on Agricultural Engineering</em> was held on 23<sup>rd</sup>-26<sup>th</sup> February 2016 in Grand Hotel <em>Adriatic</em> Opatija, Republic of Croatia. The principle Organiser, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb was supported by the following frameworks: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Department of Bio-systems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Lifesciences, University of Maribor (Slovenia), Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, National institute for agricultural machinery - INMA Bucharest (Romania) and Croatian Agricultural Engineering Society. In addition, CIGR, EurAgEng and AAAE bestowed their support and endorsement on the Event.
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Sarkar, Anupam. "Agricultural Mechanization in India: A Study on the Ownership and Investment in Farm Machinery by Cultivator Households across Agro-ecological Regions." Millennial Asia 11, no. 2 (August 2020): 160–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399620925440.
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Despite the signs of distress and fatigue in Indian agriculture, the use of machines in crop operations has increased manifold in recent times. Proponents of mechanization argue that mechanization saves time and cost, and improves agricultural productivity. The Government of India has also encouraged mechanization through subsiding farm machinery and establishing custom hiring centres. Earlier studies have found significant regional variation in the spread of agricultural mechanization. Cost of cultivation data collected by Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) reveal that although the share of machine labour in the cost of cultivation per hectare has increased, there exist significant differences across crops in the use of mechanical input. Empirical studies in different regions have found a significant presence of the rental market for services of agricultural machinery. However, in recent years there have been very few studies on the patterns of mechanization based on household-level data on ownership and investment in agricultural machinery and implements. Agro-ecological characteristics of a region are said to have a significant impact on the level of mechanization. Ownership of machinery is also significantly influenced by the factors such as size of landholding, access to irrigation and access to institutional credit. The pattern of investment and ownership of machinery has important implications on the profitability of farming. This article uses unit-level data from the All-India Debt and Investment Survey (NSS 70th round 2013) to study the pattern of agricultural mechanization in India based on the ownership of agricultural machinery and implements. Using ownership and expenditure data it studies the questions of recent patterns in agricultural mechanization across agro-ecological regions and land classes.
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ROBLES-ORTIZ, CLAUDIO. "Mechanisation in the Periphery: The Experience of Chilean Agriculture, c. 1850–90." Rural History 29, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793318000067.
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Abstract:This article examines mechanisation during the period of export-led growth in Chilean agriculture, c. 1850–90. According to conventional wisdom, since labour was cheap, landowners did not modernise their haciendas. The introduction of machinery was late and superficial; the large estate remained backward and inefficient. This view is flawed by lack of quantitative evidence and a narrow approach. Using imports and stocks data, and case material from the National Agricultural Society's bulletin, the article presents an alternative interpretation. The development of the market for agricultural equipment involved a fruitful exchange of technical expertise between the foreign importing companies and local landowners and experts. Mechanisation solved labour supply bottlenecks, and developed primarily on harvest tasks, above all the threshing of wheat. The scale and pattern of mechanisation were consistent with the development of this process in other countries’ older agricultures. The area mechanically harvested was much larger than previously estimated. Mechanisation was a significant transformation in the agricultural sector.
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Horváth, János, and Bernhard Schmitz. "Digitalisation in agriculture – From the perspective of a global agricultural machinery producer." Hungarian Agricultural Engineering 36 (2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17676/hae.2019.36.63.
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Hashimoto, Yasushi. "Special Issue on Agro-Robotics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 3 (June 20, 1999): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0171.
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The first intelligent agro-robot for tomato harvesting appeared at Tampa, Florida, in 1983. The presentation by Prof. N. Kawamura at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kyoto University, strongly impressed participants in the international symposium for agricultural machinery. Since then, several companies have become interested in developing intelligent agro-robots. As the one of the first, Toshiba demonstrated an intelligent robot for mass propagation in the biotechnological process at Exposition for Flowers in Osaka in 1990. In 1990, the IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robotics and Systems (IROS' 90) was held at the Mechanical Engineering Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., in Tsuchiura, Japan, through cosponsorship of the Robotics Society of Japan and SICE, where two agricultural robotics sessions were first organized by Prof. P. Dario, one of the editors of this journal. In 1991, the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) first conducted international workshop on Mathematical and Control Applications in Agriculture and Horticulture at Matsuyama, Japan, featuring a session for agro-robotics presenting several academic cases developed in companies including Toshiba, mentioned above. Several types of intelligent robot were introduced to agricultural applications as agro-robots. Agricultural machinery has a long history, with tractors and combines the main mechanized targets and far from intelligent robot. Highly advanced industrial technology including robots for factory automation widens field applications to new areas in agriculture and agricultural production must consider new labor based on the declining number of farmers in agriculture. New needs of agriculture are being covered by highly advanced engineering-technology developed in manufacturing plants, and it is to be noted that fruitful cooperation has begun in the new field liking industrial and agriculture technology, well demonstrated by the papers in this special issue. The first and second papers, by Tokunaga et al. and by Ogasawara et al., are from the high technology engineering project, Faculty of Engineering, at Kumamoto University, supported from 1994 to 1996 by the Science and Technology Agency, Japan. A watermelon harvesting robot developed as a new target has never been applied in industry. This research is not very important for developing new engineering in robotics and extremely useful in agricultural application. The third and fourth papers, by Noguchi et al. and Yamashita et al., are from engineering in agricultural machinery in interesting research on transportation robots. Prof. Noguchi and his group at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Hokkaido University, presents a dramatic example of mobile agro-robotics in the field, while Prof. Yamashita, of the Department of Biomechanical Systems, Ehime University, and Prof. Sato developed a vehicle for greenhouse automation anticipating the new agriculture of the 21st century. The fifth paper, by Arima et al., is from agricultural machinery engineering in typical agricultural machinery firms in Japan. The cucumber harvesting robot was developed by ISEKI & Co., Ltd. The sixth paper, by Kobayashi et al., is from the Institute of Agricultural Machinery, BRAIN, and describes a grafting robot. The seventh paper, by Kondo et al., is agricultural machinery engineering involving to the intriguing technology of cutting robots. A chrysanthemum cutting robot is developed for biotechnological applications. Kondo is regarded as an up-and-coming young leader in IFAC activities. The eighth paper, by Dr. Hayashi, is involves agricultural machinery engineering in typical agricultural machinery firms in Japan. It introduces an automatic milking system developed by Kubota Co., Ltd. in cooperation with the Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, The Netherlands (IMAG-DLO). The ninth paper, by Dr. Yamada, involves agricultural machinery engineering in typical agricultural machinery firms in Japan, and introduces a transplanting robot developed by Yanmar Agricultural Equipment Co. Ltd. The final paper in this fascinating series is by Prof. H. Murase, who chairs the Technical Committee on Intelligent Control in Agricultural Automation, IFAC, has encouraged engineering for system control in agricultural applications since 1988, when the first working group for agricultural engineering was set up and chaired by myself. Agro-robotics has been discussed through several international workshop and symposium sponsored by IFAC since then. Note that IFAC is one of the most active international societies in control engineering taking on all problems in any phase involving robotics, as is done by IEEE. Prof. Murase is one of the most active chairmen in the 46 Technical Committees (TCs) and presents the global scope of agro-robotics in IFAC in conclusion, which is expected to be very useful. I thank Prof. A. Shimizu of Ehime University for his important advice and the authors contributing to this issue, especially Profs. T. Inoue and S. Kawaji of the Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, for their kind cooperation in different engineering fields. Last, I thank Editor in Chief, Prof. T. Fukuda, the Deputy Chief Editors, Prof. M. Kaneko, and the Editors for providing this chance to demonstrate advances in agro-robotics in this special issue, which will encourage the development of robotics in ever widening applications.
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Silva, Bruna Antunes da, and César Augustus Winck. "EVOLUÇÃO DA QUANTIDADE DE MÁQUINAS E IMPLEMENTOS AGRÍCOLAS NAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS BRASILEIRAS (1960-2017)." Revista Visão: Gestão Organizacional 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33362/visao.v8i1.1934.
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O setor agropecuário brasileiro é destaque no cenário econômico mundial. A modernização do agronegócio é peça chave no crescimento da produção agrícola. Nos últimos anos a indústria de máquinas e implementos agrícolas brasileira vem investindo em tecnologias para atender a demanda dos produtores rurais e as peculiaridades de cada região do país. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi a associação entre revisão sistemática, análise documental e dados secundários do setor de máquinas e implementos. O objetivo foi elaborar um levantamento da quantidade de maquinário nas propriedades rurais brasileiras, mostrando a sua evolução através dos anos. Pode-se observar uma relação entre a expansão da área plantada e o número de máquinas agrícolas. O índice de mecanização mostra que houve um aumento do número de tratores por hectares de área cultivada de lavoura. Há também uma ligação entre o crédito rural disponibilizado e a aquisição de novas máquinas e implementos.Palavras-Chave: Agricultura. Máquinas agrícolas. Tecnologias. Agronegócio. EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS IN BRAZILIAN RURAL PROPERTIESAbstract: The Brazilian agricultural sector is a highlight in the world economic scenario. The modernization of agribusiness is a key factor in the growth of agricultural production. In recent years, the Brazilian agricultural machinery and implements industry has been investing in technologies to meet the demand of rural producers and as peculiarities of each region of the country. The methodology used in this study was the association between systematic review, documentary analysis and secondary data of machines and implements. The objective of this study was to elaborate a survey about the number of machineries in Brazilian rural properties, showing their evolution over the years. There is a relation that can be observed between an expansion of the planted area and the number of agricultural machines. The mechanization index shows that there was an increase in the number of tractors per hectare of crop area. There is also a connection between the rural credit available and purchase of new machines and implements.Keywords: Agriculture. Agricultural machinery. Technology. Agribusiness.
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Mishina, Z. N. "Organizational and technological principles for improving technical service in the agro-industrial complex." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2010-01.
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To ensure highly efficient operation of agricultural machinery and equipment, it is necessary to improve the system of technical services in agriculture by creating specialized service centers. The system of maintenance in agriculture is characterized by a significant decrease in efficiency due to critical physical and moral wear of equipment of repair and technical enterprises (RTP), low level and insufficient qualification of Executive personnel and managers of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). These changes led to the loss of the majority of RTP for agriculture and their re-equipment for non-agricultural production. According to experts, in the service sectors of agriculture, there was a loss of technological production and a significant part of applied science. This is especially worrisome due to the catastrophic aging of cars and the lack of funds to replace them. It is necessary to improve the General condition of the equipment of repair shops, the availability of existing agricultural enterprises with production areas is no more than 50%, technological equipment — no more than 47%, and technological equipment and equipment of workplaces — 15% — 40%, respectively. The priority areas of modernization of the infrastructure of technical service of agricultural machinery are related to updating the technological base of machine repair. Based on a reliable assessment and analysis of the technological level of RTP, which takes into account a number of technological, technical, organizational and environmental factors of production. RTP does not have the necessary equipment and devices to perform a number of maintenance and maintenance operations. The process of developing the technical service infrastructure lags far behind the level of structural and technological complexity of agricultural machinery. Due to technological requirements, such complex components and assemblies as engines, hydraulic equipment, fuel pumps of domestic and imported agricultural machinery should not be repaired in the conditions of farms. In a number of works proved the following provision: evaluation of the technological level repair enterprises shall be based on the application of such methods and means of technological preparation of production, which correspond to the advanced achievements of science and technology, and provide high-capacity system maintenance to continuous improvement. A high technological level of technical service enterprises is a condition for efficient operation of any type of production, ensuring its stability and reliability of operation, flexibility and adaptability, high intensity and waste-free operation.
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Herndon, Cary W. “Bill.” "The Ethanolization of Agriculture and the Roles of Agricultural Economists." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40, no. 2 (August 2008): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800023701.
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First, please permit me the latitude to use a bit of poetic license in coining the term, “ethanolization,” which attempts to describe the upheaval and chaos witnessed across the agricultural sector attributed to the booming corn-based ethanol industry. Ethanolization has focused its impact on agriculture and, in particular, the U.S. agricultural sector as a combination of market-induced and policy-induced factors have created a “perfect storm” that is causing dramatic shocks to virtually every crop and livestock producer and agribusiness. Coining the term ethanolization also borrows from past eras in agriculture described as the “mechanization” of agriculture in the 1940s and 1950s and the “industrialization” of agriculture in the 1990s. Mechanization described a period when widespread adoption of farm machinery occurred across the United States. Then, industrialization, accredited to a body of writings by Draben-stott and Barkema, portrayed a “quiet revolution” of ever-increasing size and specialization of U.S. farms, ranches, and agribusinesses. Now, ethanolization attempts to characterize a similar revolution that is affecting essentially every facet of American agriculture.
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Marenich T., Zaika S., Lutsenko O., Polyvana L., and Birchenko N. "STATE SUPPORT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE UPDATING OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy, no. 3(23) (April 30, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30042019/6453.
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The basic constituents of state support of technical update of agriculture of Ukraine are considered in the article. The dynamics of expenses of the state budget on agriculture and the structure of basic market levers of state support of physical infrastructure of agricultural enterprises: financial leasing, partial indemnification of domestic agricultural machinery and reduction of prices for credits has been analyzed. Monitoring of current problems of granting and the ways of improvement of mechanism of state support have been offered. No doubt that the proper support from the side of the state is the motive force in activation of the process of technical update of agricultural enterprises.
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Baldin, Kirill. "TECHNICAL PROGRESS OF THE PEASANT HOLDING IN KOSTROMS PROVINCE IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY." Ivanovo state university bulletin. Series «The Humanities», no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46726/h.2020.3.6.
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The article is devoted to the distribution of advanced agricultural machinery among peasants of Kostroma Province in the early 20th century. The economic consciousness of most peasants at this time was very conservative. They used outdated machinery and traditional land-processing techniques. The author considers the propaganda of new technology among peasants, Zemstvo demonstrated to them the advantages of new machines. After that, Zemstvo offered equipment to peasants for rent. In order for it to be available, rental fees were minimal and the network of rent points was branched. After that, the Zemstvo offered peasants to buy agricultural achines. This could be done in the agricultural warehouses that were available in each county. At the same time, the Zemstvo did not receive great benefit from the sale of equipment. The peasants used mainly agricultural machines that were produced in Russia. The activities of Zemstvo contributed to the technical progress of Russia’s agriculture, many peasants already had ploughs, seedlings, sorting machines and other advanced equipment. Of course, not all peasants could buy such machines because of their pretty high cost.
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Makushev, Andrey E. "Consumption of Agricultural Machinery and Tools in Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century (Based on Materials from the Provinces of the Middle Volga Region)." Economic History 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 360–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.047.015.201904.360-375.
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Introduction. In the late XIX – early XX centuries agricultural engineering in Russia was considered as a tool for solving several important problems. Against the background of the growth of the export potential of Russian agriculture, an increase in its productivity was considered as a way of obtaining foreign currency funds necessary for settlements on international financial obligations. At the same time, the task of increasing the production of agricultural machinery could not be fully resolved without an increase in demand for it. Therefore, the large-scale agrarian transformations undertaken at the beginning of the 20th century assumed assistance to the peasants in the technical re-equipment of their farms. The preservation of manual labor and archaic methods of agricultural production at the beginning of the 20th century became a threat that could nullify all reform efforts. This article will attempt to determine the extent of consumption of agricultural machinery and implements in Russia in the late XIX – early XX centuries based on the use of statistical materials on the provinces of the Middle Volga region. Materials and Methods. In solving the research problems, archival materials, published data of official statistics, and also scientific literature were used. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was made by the methods of socio-economic history. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematic. The need for quantitative data processing led to the use of the statistical method. The digital data presented in the work received a graphical interpretation and were visualized in the form of diagrams. The application of modernization theory allowed the inclusion of the growth processes of the technical equipment of agriculture in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Based on a study of archival and published sources, as well as available scientific literature on the topic, a dynamic analysis of the scale of agricultural machinery consumption was carried out in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The study showed a fairly significant increase in this indicator both in Russia as a whole and in relation to the provinces of the Middle Volga region. At the same time, uneven technical equipment of agriculture was revealed in relation to different provinces. The main factors hindering the introduction of agricultural machinery in agricultural practice are considered. Discussion and Conclusion. The above data quite definitely allow us to talk about the growth in the use of agricultural machinery and improved tools in the Middle Volga region at the beginning of the 20th century. However, in relation to different provinces, these dynamics had very significant differences. It looked the most rapid in the Samara and Saratov provinces. It was much less noticeable in the Penza, Simbirsk and Kazan provinces. Such high rates in the Samara and Saratov provinces are due to the active spread of intensive agriculture, which provided for a high level of mechanization of labor. Passing to the expanded production of a market type, the farmers actively introduced agronomic and technical innovations. However, the technological revolution in agriculture did not cover all producers, far more affecting those who went beyond the communal regime and moved into the category of rural private owners. Among the factors that slowed down the implementation of machines, one can single out the conservatism of the peasant consciousness, the inertia of traditions in the practice of farming, the insufficient technical literacy of the peasantry, which made it difficult to maintain and repair complex machines, their high cost, low purchasing power of rural residents, etc. All this not only hindered the development of agriculture, but also significantly restrained the processes of early industrial modernization of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Liu, Yumei, Wuyang Hu, Simon Jetté-Nantel, and Zhihong Tian. "The Influence of Labor Price Change on Agricultural Machinery Usage in Chinese Agriculture." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 62, no. 2 (September 24, 2013): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12024.
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Sun, Pei Feng, and Yong He. "Study on Remote Distributed Fault Diagnosis System in Modern Agricultural Machinery." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.356.
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A remote distribution based agricultural mechanical fault diagnosis system was proposed against the characteristics of high technology and difficult fault diagnosis in the modern agriculture and the time-sensitive requirements in agricultural production. The paper introduced the overall system architecture and working principle, analyzed the development of site monitoring and diagnostic system, remote diagnosis center, network communication systems, and software systems development, and investigated the system’s main implementation techniques, which include network database technology, data compression and transmission technology and system security technology.
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Sun, Yiduo, Ruifa Hu, and Chao Zhang. "Impact of Rural–Urban Migration Experience on Rice Farmers’ Agricultural Machinery Expenditure: Evidence from China." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080764.
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In China, return migrants’ rural–urban migration experience and its impact on agricultural production have attracted increasing attention. Using the random survey data of 1122 rice farmers from the Yangtze River Basin in 2016, this study utilizes the endogenous treatment–effect model to investigate the impact of rural–urban migration experience on farmers’ agricultural machinery expenditure. The results demonstrate that return migrants with rural–urban migration experience account for 23.3% of the total sampled farmers. After addressing the endogeneity issue, rural–urban migration experience can increase rice farmers’ agricultural machinery expenditure by 500–600 yuan/ha. Meanwhile, the positive impact of rural–urban migration experience on agricultural machinery expenditure is also heterogeneous in terms of farmers’ age and rice farm size. Based on the results, this study proposes assisting return migrants’ engagement in agriculture, supporting agricultural mechanization for the aged farmers, and enhancing the coordination between agricultural mechanization and appropriately scaled agricultural operations.
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Chekunov, A. S. "Technological modernization of agricultural production: condition, forms, methods and directions of innovations support." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-373-379.
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The article is devoted to the modernization of domestic agricultural production, its support from the state, the introduction by agricultural producers of innovations in the production process. The article systematizes the views of economists on the forms (directions) and methods of supporting innovation in agriculture. Modernization of agricultural production is one of the primary tasks of increasing the competitiveness of the industry. Improvement of production in agriculture, which is impossible without the use of innovation, is becoming a key factor in achieving success in competition in foreign markets for agricultural products. Statistics show that the technical and technological modernization in the industry is extremely weak. It should be noted that the level of innovation in domestic agriculture is about 10%, while in the US it is more than 50%. The decline in the production of agricultural machinery threatens the technical and technological modernization of the industry, since agricultural producers with limited financial capabilities, with the continuation of this negative trend in the near future, there will be no possibility of an alternative choice when acquiring the much-needed equipment. The insignificant financing of innovations in agriculture by the state led to the fact that only 2% of agricultural enterprises introduce innovative technologies into their activities. The state needs to support domestic producers of agricultural equipment, since their absence poses a real threat to the food security of the national state.
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Baiaskalanova, Tuyana, Vladimir Kabakov, and Olga Kabakova. "Technical equipment of agricultural production in the region and factors influencing its development." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821207003.
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The definition of the concept of technical equipment and identification of the level of technical equipment of agriculture in the Novosibirsk region is dealt with in this paper. The analysis of the technical equipment of agricultural production with machinery and mechanisms has been conducted. The study of literature sources on definition of the concept of technical equipment of agricultural production has been carried out. Statistical data on the availability of agricultural machinery for agricultural producers in the region, and the structure of energy capacities have been analyzed. The data on the renewal of agricultural machinery and the volume of production of plant growing and livestock are graphically presented. The factors influencing the technical equipment of agricultural production and the degree of their influence on the efficiency of the agricultural production of the region are revealed. The ways of improving the system of technical equipment are suggested. The model of the dependence of the efficiency of agricultural production on its technical equipment is substantiated with the help of economic and mathematical modeling in order to obtain more accurate data on the region’s need for agricultural machinery.
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Pagar, Monali. "Android App to Connect Farmers to Retailers and Agricultural Machinery Rental Business." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35110.
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Agriculture serves the foremost basic task of providing humanity with adequate food provides. The farmer's economy must be met so as to accomplish this task. One amongst the most effective solutions for fulfilling the task is that the selling of agriculture. It involves the acquisition from farmers of agricultural product. Some farmers square measure unaware of costs of commodities and sell their merchandise to third-party suppliers at low prices, leading to vast losses for farmers. we are going to produce associate degree automaton application of farmer product selling to unravel this way of scenario, that provides higher information of the artefact costs of current selling ways at completely different locations. This helps to seek out patrons and appropriate sellers. It additionally permits farmers to pick out the most effective position on the marketplace for the products to be sold . They additionally needed completely different farming machinery for crop production, however they're unable to shop for the high price instrumentation because of poor economic conditions, another alternative left is to require the machines on loan. It helps to make a web-based business management system to confirm that agricultural machinery rental businesses square measure run with efficiency and handled transparently.
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Mehmood, Riffat, Sajid Aziz, Shazia Jehan, and Muhammad Ateeq. "AGRICULTURE RELATED INJURIES." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 02 (February 10, 2015): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.02.1369.
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Traumatic injuries related to agricultural related profession can lead to seriousdisability and even mortality. Objectives: To study the spectrum of agricultural productionrelated injuries and their management outcome in General Surgical unit. Study Design:RetrospectiveDescriptive, Interventional. Study Period: January 2012 to December 2013.Setting: Surgical Department Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital Gujrat & Surgicaldepartment Islam Medical & Dental College Sialkot. Material & Methods: Data of 33 patientsinvolved in an accident and sustained injury while operating agriculture machine/ equipmentis being presented with reference to age, gender, nature of injury, type of equipment /machineinvolved and management outcome. Results: Record of total 33 patients with agriculturerelated injuries was analysed retrospectively. Male population is more involved in agriculturerelated accidents seen in 20 out of 33 patients (60.6%), female involvement in such accidentsis not uncommon seen in 13 patients (39.9%). Fodder Cutter (TOKA) was the commonestagricultural equipment found involved in 17 (51.5%) cases. Traumatic amputation both minor ormajor type of upper limb was most frequent injury seen in 19 (57.7%) cases and infection wasthe commonest complication occurred in 13 cases. Fournier’s gangrene and tetanus was themost dreadful complication with 100% mortality. Overall mortality was 03.03%. Conclusions:Agriculture machinery related accidents cause serious injuries that lead to disability, morbidityand often mortality. Victims are usually young. Awareness campaigns regarding hazards andsafety measures in using agriculture machinery should be launched with the help of media.Re-implantation / re-vascularization surgery must be considered in case of limb amputations inselected cases.
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Chupina, Irina Pavlovna, and Natal'ya Nikolaevna Simachkova. "Digital agriculture as a basis of agriculture-based economy in the modern world." Сельское хозяйство, no. 4 (April 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8809.2020.4.36180.
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Agriculture solves the general tasks of its functioning, which are more focused on the implementation of three areas of activity, which include guaranteed food security in terms of the production of high-quality agricultural products, raw materials and food produced by domestic agricultural producers in volumes corresponding to medical indicators. It is also a decrease in the volume of import substitution of seeds in crop production and breeding material in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as well as imported equipment for the organization of food and processing products, veterinary drugs and other important needs for the agro-industrial complex. And the third direction includes the sustainable development of exports of agricultural and agro-industrial products to the global agri-food market. These tasks cannot be successfully solved in the conditions of using the existing outdated agricultural technologies, machinery and equipment. In order to improve these functions of agriculture, the digital platform "Digital Agriculture" was developed, which is an information database of a fairly large size about the resources of the agro-industrial complex. Digitalization, creating conditions for the development of "smart agriculture", affects the progress in agricultural relations. With the help of new technologies, the work of farmers will gradually move from manual, which requires great physical effort, to automated. With the help of drones and other drones, it will be possible to determine the structure of soils for planting certain crops.
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Sandu, Mariana, and Virgil Moise. "Bioeconomic Significance to Diversify the Production in Romanian Agriculture District." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2016-0005.
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AbstractAgricultural diversification is an important mechanism for economic growth. With the globalization of markets, diversification of agriculture has as result the increasing crop productivity in terms of quality, quantity and monetary value.The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of Romanian agriculture in terms of diversifying production. Based on the National Statistics Institute, it analyzes the dynamics of vegetable and animal sector in terms of cultivated areas, livestock, the total and average production obtained.Romanian agriculture is at a disadvantage due to excessive fragmentation of ownership, low use of agricultural land through cultivation or weak endowment with agricultural machinery and lack of organization.We conclude that agriculture as a whole, had not a positive development. Fluctuations in the main indicators of production are the consequences of the long transition period and of the incoherent policies on agriculture in general and to each sector, in particular.
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Nagendra, Dr K. Venkata, Dr B. Prasad, K. T. P. S. Kumar, K. S. Raghuram, and Dr K. Somasundaram. "Grain Yield Estimation in Cultivated Land Using Machine Learning Techniques." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i2/ajas21116.
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Agriculture contributes approximately 28 percent of India's GDP, and agriculture employs approximately 65 percent of the country's labor force. India is the world's second-largest agricultural crop producer. Agriculture is not only an important part of the expanding economy, but it is also necessary for our survival. The technological contribution could assist the farmer in increasing his yield. The selection of each crop is critical in the planning of agricultural production. The selection of crops will be influenced by a variety of factors, including market price, production rate, and the policies of the various government departments. Numerous changes are required in the agricultural field in order to improve the overall performance of our Indian economy. By using machine learning techniques that are easily applied to the farming sector we can improve agriculture. Along with all of the advancements in farming machinery and technology, the availability of useful and accurate information about a variety of topics plays an important role in the success of the industry. It is a difficult task to predict agricultural output since it depends on a number of variables, such as irrigation, ultraviolet (UV), insect killers, stimulants & the quantity of land enclosed in that specific area. It is proposed in this article that two distinct Machine Learning (ML) methods be used to evaluate the yields of the crops. The two algorithms, SVR and Linear Regression, have been well suited to validate the variable parameters of the continuous variable estimate with 185 acquired data points.
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Korotchenya, V. M., G. I. Lichman, and I. G. Smirnov. "Digitalization of Technological Processes of Crop Production in Russia." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-13-1-14-20.
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Currently, the influence of program documents on digital agriculture development is rather great in our country. Within the framework of the European Association of Agricultural Mechanical Engineering, a relevant definition of agriculture 4.0 has been elaborated and introduced.Research purpose: offering general recommendations on the digitalization of agriculture in RussiaMaterials and methods. The authors make use of the normative approach: the core of digital agriculture is compared with the current state of the agricultural sector in Russia.Results and discussion. The analysis has found that digital agriculture (agriculture 4.0 and 5.0) is based on developed mechanized technologies (agriculture 2.0), precision agriculture technologies (agriculture 3.0), the use of such digital technologies and technical means as the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, and robotics. The success of introducing digital agriculture depends on the success of all the three levels of the system. However, the problem of the lack of agricultural machinery indicates insufficient development of mechanized technologies; poor implementation of precision agriculture technologies means the lack of experience of using these technologies by the majority of farms in our country; an insufficient number of leading Russian IT companies (such as Amazon, Apple, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft etc.) weakens the country’s capacity in making a breakthrough in the development of the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, and robotics.Conclusions.The authors have identified the need to form scientific approaches to the digitization of technological operations used in the cultivation of agricultural crops and classified precision agriculture technologies. They have underlined that the digitization of agricultural production in Russia must be carried out along with intensified mechanization (energy saturation); also, to introduce technologies of precision agriculture and digital agriculture, it is necessary to organize state-funded centers for training farmers in the use of these technologies. Finally, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen the development of the IT sphere, as well as formulate an integral approach to the problem of digitalization.
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KARPENKO, G. G., V. V. SHEVTSOV, and A. B. YARLYKAPOV. "THE ROLE OF THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF AGRICULTURE IN THE PROVISION OF FOOD SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 5 (2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.05.01.001.
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The article summarizes the theoretical, methodological and practical provisions on the formation and use of material and technical resources in agriculture of Russia; a study of the state and development trends of the park of agricultural machinery. The role and importance of modernization of the agricultural sector in the context of ensuring food security, import substitution and growth of labor productivity are determined. Identified the problems of equipping the material and technical resources of the agricultural sector and factors affecting its formation and use. The directions of the effective functioning of agricultural machinery are generalized and recommendations are developed for solving the identified problems, which contribute to substantially replenishing the material and technical base to ensure increased labor productivity in the agricultural business and food security of the country.
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Oshio, P. E. "Agricultural Policy and the Nigerian Land Use Decree: The Conflict." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (1986): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006525.
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The importance of agriculture especially in a developing country cannot be over-emphasised. It had been the mainstay of the Nigerian economy since the colonial period. Apart from subsistence farming which catered for the food needs of the local population, Nigeria had exported cash crops in the past.Unfortunately, the blessings of the oil boom have diverted our attention from agriculture in the past decade with the consequent neglect of it. But the dwindling fortunes of oil appear to have induced us to switch our attention once again to agriculture.To this end, some practical steps have been taken by Government to encourage investment in agriculture. These include subsidising fertilisers and seeds for farmers, the establishment of various Agricultural Development Projects, the Communal Farm Programmes and the establishment of various River Basins Development Authorities. Other recent measures include tax relief for agro-allied projects; tax holidays for investors in combined agricultural productions and processing; capital allowances for capital expenditure on plant and equipment for, and equipment leasing to, agriculture; removal of import duties on tractors and other agricultural machinery and equipment and increased foreign equity participation within the framework of the Enterprises Promotion Decree.
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Didmanidze, Otari, Nikolay Pulyaev, Sergey Devyanin, and Dzhabir Asadov. "Digital analogue of an agricultural tractor." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100058.
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Today the trend in the digitalisation of all economic spheres is particularly noticeable. Agriculture is no exception here. According to forecasts, the agribusiness transition to Industry-4.0 will increase the yield by 10 %. One of the digital design and modeling technologies is the use of digital analogues of objects or processes. This technology can be applied to an agricultural tractor or other power device. Using this approach will allow you to plan the annual load of machines, taking into account their maintenance condition, efficiency of use, etc. Also such a system will allow to choose the optimal operating modes of agricultural machinery, which in turn will increase its capacity, yield and reduce losses.
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Rao, Chaitanya, and Aditya Garg. "Plantation and Harvesting Autonomous Locomotive (PHAL)." Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 8, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2020.81004.
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Agriculture has seen quite a good growth due to the latest machinery being used to maximize yield and minimize cost. People around the world are starting to understand the inherent potential and scope of automation and robotics in agriculture. However, there are many problems which continue to prevail like the non-availability of labour, poor and costly machinery, etc. So there is a need to address these existing problems. This project addresses the inherent difficulties in the agricultural field. It tries to provide a remarkable solution to many of the existing problems. This project, named PHAL is a rover type bot which canperform all the basic activities included in farming. It is fully autonomous, ecofriendly machine which can perform many tasks like ploughing, sowing, irrigation, harvesting etc. Using this machine, farmers can get rid of majority of the problems, all this at a very low cost.
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GONCHAROV, ANTON A. "CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TARGET PROGRAMS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF TECHNICAL RE-EQUIPMENT OF AGRICULTURE." Agricultural engineering, no. 4 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-4-53-58.
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Over the years of results-based management, the agricultural sector of Russia has enhanced a signifi cant increase in production volumes. Special results have been achieved in crop production, primarily in the production of grain crops. This was urgent in terms of meeting the needs of the domestic market and increasing the volume of supplies to foreign markets. Despite a number of positive results achieved in agriculture through the implementation of targeted programs, especially during the period of counter-Russian sanctions and the ongoing policy of import substitution, the problem of providing the industry with means of production has not been fully solved. This hinders the implementation of Russia’s export capacity. To further increase the volume of agricultural production, the technical re-equipment of the industry is required, which will increase the effi ciency of production. To this end, it is necessary to critically evaluate the implementation of targeted programs used to solve the problem of technical re-equipment. This indicates the relevance of the research topic. The study was conducted on the basis of a systematic approach (monographic, economic and statistical methods, the method of deduction) with the use of relevant materials of offi cial statistics. During the implementation of targeted programs, the pace of technical re-equipment of agriculture was extremely low, accompanied by a considerable share of obsolete imported agricultural machinery, tractors and combine harvesters, and decresing energy supply of the industry. Insuffi cient provision of agriculture with means of production constrains the growth rate of labor productivity. The targets set in the State Program for the renewal of agricultural machinery are low and have been exceeded for several previous years, and they do not indicate a high rate of technical re-equipment of agriculture. The study results serve as a basis for adjusting the current mechanism of results-based management of agricultural development.
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Tsench, Yu S. "Formation and development of agricultural engineering in Russia before 1917." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 6 (January 29, 2020): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-13.
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Material is presented on the formation and development of agricultural engineering in Russia in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The research materials were archival funds, Internet resources, historical works, and literature. The prerequisites and features of the emergence of agricultural machine-building enterprises, namely repair shops and factories, against the background of social changes are examined. The information on the creation and development of Russia’s fi rst agricultural machine-building plants is given and analyzed. Prior to the abolition of serfdom, 60% of enterprises manufacturing agricultural tools belonged to artisanal workshops, and 10% – to small factories. This volume accounted for less than 50% of the market needs, the rest of the equipment necessary for agriculture was supplied by foreign plants. By 1880, the number of domestic enterprises increased to 340. In 1913, agricultural machinery production already accounted for 20.5% of the total volume of Russian mechanical engineering. The largest agricultural engineering plants were located in the south and in the central part of Russia. In 1913, the share of southern plants amounted to 53%, the share of the plants of central provinces – 20.5% of the total output (by value). In other regions, artisanal production of equipment and machinery of simple designs prevailed. After World War I, agricultural machinery production declined to 8% from the 1913 level. Enterprises created in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries became the basis of agricultural engineering in Russia. The following features of the Russian agricultural machine-building industry are noted: small-scale production, limited nomenclature, manufacture of tools of simple designs, focus on the local market, lack of export, dependence of production volumes on the yield, lack of narrow specialization of enterprises, seasonal character of production.
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Субаева, Асия, Asiya Subaeva, Наталья Александрова, Natal'ya Aleksandrova, Лейсан Мавлиева, Leysan Mavlieva, Марат Низамутдинов, and Marat Nizamutdinov. "THE ROLE OF STATE SUPPORT IN TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGIONS OF VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a5f0e5d754ed7.95427576.
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Technical and technological modernization of agricultural development is an important area of state support for agricultural production. At present, in agriculture, there is a tendency for obsolescence and equipment failure. Part of its deficit is compensated by the acquisition of energy-intensive, high-performance equipment and the introduction of resource-saving technologies, using combined tillage and seeding units. However, the equipment of agricultural commodity producers remains at a level that does not allow performing all technological operations in the normative agrotechnical terms, which leads to a lack of production and loss of production. As a result, the role of state support in increasing the level of provision of agricultural machinery is becoming increasingly important. The object of the study is Volga Federal District (VFD). The information base of the study was the statistical data for 2000-2015 years. The analysis of agricultural machinery provision level in the subjects of Volga Federal District made it possible to divide all regions into three groups and to give recommendations on the development of technical potential. In the current situation, the role of state support becomes more important for increasing the level of provision with agricultural machinery.
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Ivanova, Tatiana V., Tatiana N. Chernysheva, Aleksandr V. Prokopiev, and Anna A. Ivanova. "ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC." Oeconomia et Jus, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2021-1-44-51.
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The article presents a forecast for agriculture development in the Chuvash Republic up to 2022 according to three scenarios: optimistic, probabilistic and pessimistic. Agriculture occupies a special position in the region's economy and is a system-forming industry. The share of agriculture in the gross regional product makes 9%, which is significantly higher than in other regions of the country, and the share of residents living in rural areas is 36.6%. Structurally, the agriculture of the Chuvash Republic is quite balanced. During the study period from 2010–2019, significant positive changes in the industry can be noted. Thus, the production of basic agricultural products increased by 1.93, and the gross output of basic crops increased by 2.16. However, despite the positive trends, there are still problems in certain areas. The production of the animal husbandry main products during the study period decreased by 135.6 thousand tons; the agricultural machinery fleet in agricultural organizations decreased by 1.97; the number of livestock decreased by 147.3 thousand heads. In order to predict future changes in the industry, the authors, based on the dynamics of indicators for 2010–2019 that characterize agricultural production in the Chuvash Republic, and using the Excel program, proposed three options for the development of the situation for 2020–2022 – optimistic, probabilistic and pessimistic. Studies have shown that a pessimistic development scenario is more likely to be implemented, which requires immediate corrective actions in the agricultural sector of the Chuvash Republic.
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Zimmer, Domagoj, Mladen Jurišić, Ivan Plaščak, Željko Barač, and Dorijan Radočaj. "Application of Robots and Robotic Systems in Agriculture." Tehnički glasnik 15, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210128112420.
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The paper depicts agricultural robots that can perform complex tasks. Fast development and application of agricultural robotics is a result of increased development of agricultural machinery. Robots are complex and intelligent systems with a significant role in agriculture that are becoming an integral part of both the technological and scientific progress. The paper presents some important roles of robots and robotic systems in various agricultural areas and explains the deployment of new technologies supported by the examples of their application in arable farming, horticulture, and forestry. Robotics application decreases the deployment of human resources, enables significant production cost savings, and increases production capacity. The application of robotic systems facilitates high precision levels and repetition speed regarding time and space, which cannot be replicated by farmers
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Hossen, Md Anwar, Md Ruhul Amin Talukder, Muhammad Rashed Al Mamun, Hafijur Rahaman, Subrata Paul, Md Mizanur Rahman, Md Miaruddin, Md Azhar Ali, and Md Nurul Islam. "Mechanization Status, Promotional Activities and Government Strategies of Thailand and Vietnam in Comparison to Bangladesh." AgriEngineering 2, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering2040033.
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Reasonable use of agricultural machinery has an extraordinary potential for poverty alleviation by increasing land and labor productivity in Thailand, Vietnam, and even in Bangladesh. This study was conducted under a program entitled “Agriculture Mechanization, Agro-Processing, Value addition and Export Market Development in Thailand and Vietnam from 1–14 November, 20I9” from the Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh. In all three distinct nations, farming activities represent a significant area of activity and remains the biggest wellspring of agricultural business. About 10.5% of Thailand’s, 21.5% of Vietnam’s, and 14.23% of Bangladesh’s GDP come from agriculture. For sustainable development, it is essential to modernize agriculture through the mechanization of its operations, which is therefore inevitable in the studied countries. Thailand’s government started mechanization in 1891 with the import of steam-powered tractor and rotary hoes. Since then the country has witnessed several milestones in the course of mechanization development. The focal plain agro-ecological zone of the state is the maximum and almost fully modernized area. As of now, there are two methods of practicing farming apparatus use: as a proprietor and/or through custom renting provision which coincides with Vietnam and Bangladesh. Historically, mechanization patterns in Vietnam can been described by tillage machinery with associated implement equipment use preceding 1975. This was non-linear, followed by a decreasing trend during the 80s prior to recovery during the 90s, with significant disparities in implementation status across the areas. In 2018, the number of tillage implements and harvesters was boosted about 1.6 and 25.6 times, respectively compared with 2006. The percentage of machinery use in soil tillage operation is 80% of the whole territory of cultivable land in Vietnam, compared to about 90% in Bangladesh and 100% in Thailand. Mechanization in Bangladesh started before independence with the importation of 2-wheel tractors and irrigation pumps in the last part of the 1960s as part of ‘Green Revolution’ activities. To continue this momentum, the Bangladesh Government permitted the continuation of agricultural machinery importation after later autonomy. Machinery use in different agricultural activities has increased in recent years in the areas of irrigation, land preparation, intercultural operation, and threshing. Though its degree of advancement is by and large still quite low contrasted with other South Asian nations, it is noticeable that the most recent two decades, the pace of mechanization has increased rapidly with the increase of mechanical power use in farm activities. The use of farm machinery in rice cultivation has been the most amazing when contrasted with different crops in these three nations. A clear comparison has been given in the paper, which aims to help researchers and policymakers take necessary measures.
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VODYANNIKOV, VLADIMIR T., and ASSIA K. SUBAEVA. "TECHNICAL RE-EQUIPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION." Agricultural engineering, no. 1 (2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-1-58-62.
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The main trends in technical upgrading in the modern world include the transition to a digital economy, aimed at reducing costs through the use of computer technology in the management, repair and regulation of machinery, the use of IT technology to improve the quality and effi ciency of the applied technologies. The paper presents the author’s vision of technical re-equipment and the transition to digital agriculture. The purpose and objective of the study was to develop directions for technical re-equipment of agriculture with digital technologies and to form a plan for the implementation of digital solutions. In order to identify the main barriers to technical re-equipment of agriculture under the conditions of digitalization, the authors have conducted a survey, observation and polling of agricultural producers of the Volga Federal District. It has been established that the application of new innovative solutions in Russian agricultural enterprises will require a long time due to the problems in fi nancial, economic, technological and psychological readiness of agricultural producers. The research has resulted in an algorithm developed by the authors for technical re-equipment of agriculture with digital technologies, which will allow managers and specialists of agriculture to use it as a basis in the digitalization of the technological capabilities of the agribusiness industry.
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Liu, Jianxu, Changrui Dong, Shutong Liu, Sanzidur Rahman, and Songsak Sriboonchitta. "Sources of Total-Factor Productivity and Efficiency Changes in China’s Agriculture." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070279.
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The core of agricultural development depends on agricultural production efficiency improvement, and total-factor productivity growth is its significant embodiment. Hence, it is essential to address the question of “how to improve China’s agricultural productivity and efficiency in order to achieve growth and sustainability of agriculture in the future”. This paper estimates indices of China’s agricultural technical efficiency (TE) scores, total-factor productivity (TFP), and its two components, technological change/progress (TC) and technical efficiency change (EC), using provincial-level panel data of 30 provinces from 2002 to 2017 by applying a stochastic frontier approach (SFA). The paper also identifies determinants of TE, TC, and TFP using selected indicators from four hierarchical levels of the economy, i.e., farm level, production environment level, provincial level, and the state level, by applying a system-GMM method. Results reveal that agricultural labor, machinery, agricultural plastic film, and pesticides are the significant drivers of agricultural productivity, with no significant role of land area under cultivation. Constant returns to scale exist in China’s agriculture. The agricultural technical efficiency level fluctuated between 80% and 91% with a stable trend and a slight decline in later years, while TFP improved consistently over time, mainly driven by technological progress. Among the determinants, government investment in agricultural development projects significantly drives TC and TE, while the experienced labor force significantly increases TE. The disaster rate significantly reduces TE but promotes TC and TFP. The literacy rate significantly improves TC and TFP. However, government expenditures in “agriculture, forestry, and water” significantly reduce TE, TC, and TFP. Policy recommendations include (1) increased levels of mechanization and agriculture film use while avoiding an increase in pesticide use, (2) a continued increase in government expenditure in agricultural development projects, R&D to improve technological progress, and diffusion of modern agricultural technologies, and (3) investment in education targeted at the farming population in order to continue the growth in the productivity and sustainability of China’s agriculture.
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Adamchuk, V. V., M. I. Gritsyshyn, and N. M. Perepelytsya. "Formation and development of the agricultural machinery market in Ukraine." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 12 (2020): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-20.
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Annotation Purpose. To reveal the shortcomings of the formation of the market of agricultural machinery and their impact on the economy of Ukraine. Methods. Monographic, analytical, economic-mathematical, statistical. Results. It is established that the introduction of “free prices” in Ukraine led to a violation of the principle of equivalence of exchange between industrial and agricultural products, became the main reason for the loss of effective demand of agricultural enterprises for material and technical resources, the decline of domestic engineering and, as a result, led to the monopolization of the agricultural machinery market foreign firms. The main reason for the dominance of imported agricultural machinery in the domestic market of Ukraine was the low level of competitiveness of domestic counterparts, the lack of state regulatory policy and experience in the market environment. The main actions of the bodies of state management of economic development of Ukraine, the implementation of which will contribute to the revival and development of domestic engineering for agriculture and strengthening its position in the domestic market of agricultural machinery. Conclusions. The lack of state regulation of the domestic market of agricultural machinery has led to the loss of domestic engineering for Ukraine’s agro-industrial complex, the dependence of the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy on foreign firms, job losses in industry and reduced revenues to the state budget and social funds. To revive the industry and increase sales of agricultural machinery of domestic production in domestic and foreign markets it is necessary: • to provide favorable conditions for the creation of joint ventures with leading foreign companies for the production in Ukraine of competitive agricultural machinery with a gradual increase in its design share of components of domestic production; • to provide state support to the priority areas of development of domestic mechanical engineering for the agro-industrial complex; • to provide preferences for equipment of domestic production in the domestic market and to stimulate its export. Keywords: market, agricultural machinery, government regulation, protectionism, competition, free price.