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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural Markets and Marketing'
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Souy, Cheng Mou. "Agricultural activities and the market for agricultural business products." Journal Siplieria Sciences 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v1i1.4.
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Basically, there are not many farmers who can sell their own products to the market, both domestic and foreign markets, because these markets are generally too far away for them. Individual farmers cannot contact buyers in these markets because they do not have adequate means of transportation and do not have the necessary knowledge or facilities for various purposes, such as packaging, storage, processing and nothing else related to the marketing. Therefore, a good and efficient trading system for agricultural products is needed in supporting the success / success of the market for agricultural products. So that agriculture is not only viewed in a narrow sense, where the agricultural sector is very large and wide, it is necessary to convey the history of agriculture and its development for the advancement of agriculture and the application of technology in agriculture. Farmers need knowledge in terms of crop management and good management in the context of the welfare of the farmers, where we know that many farmers feel disadvantaged in the sale or marketing of their agricultural products.
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Griffith, Garry, and Alistair Watson. "Agricultural markets and marketing policies." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 60, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 594–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.12161.
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Charlebois, Sylvain. "Marketing Agricultural Commodities on Global Markets." Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing 20, no. 1 (January 28, 2008): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j047v20n01_05.
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Schmitz, Andrew. "Marketing Institutions in International Commodity Markets." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 18, no. 1 (July 1986): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200005318.
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International markets for the majority of agricultural commodities are extremely complex. They include public and private traders along with influences from domestic and international government policies. In recent years, the United States has experienced a decline in the market share in two of its major agricultural exports—rice and wheat. For example, at one time the United States had roughly 45 percent of the world wheat market; but, by the end of 1985, its share had dropped below 40 percent. Also, in terms of rice, the United States market share has dropped from 25 percent to below 20 percent.
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Srofenyoh, Francis. "Maize Market Integration: A Case Study of Maize Marketing In Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, no. 4 (March 12, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i4.33.
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Agricultural marketing remains a challenge; this is because a large proportion of the population is engaged in a form of small-scale agricultural production and marketing that is characterised by a multitude of constraints and market imperfections. Paramount among the constraints are limited land availability, poor physical and legal infrastructure, high transaction costs and few available and alternative livelihood support systems. For some of these constraints to be removed, there is the need for information flow. Thus, it is believed that, spatial price transmission or market integration measures, the degree to which markets at geographically separated locations share common long-run price or trade information on a homogenous commodity. Using the co-integration approach, the results of the study using either Techiman or Kumasi as the producer markets of maize, the following markets Bolga, Wa, Ho, Tamale, Mankesim, Koforidua, Accra, Cape Coast and Takoradi/Sekond (as consumer markets) shows that there is a long run price transmission relations with the consumer markets. However, Bolgatanga market is the only exception. It is recommended that the Ministry of Food and Agriculture should intensify collection and dissemination of data on maize prices to both consuming markets and producing markets. This can be enhanced by Government establishing market information centres in these markets where both traders and farmers could go for information on the price trend of the commodity in other market(s).Keywords: Co-integration; Marketing; Market Integration; Non-stationarity; stochastic process.
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Riley, John M. "Extension's Role in Commodity Marketing Education: Past, Present, and Future." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 45, no. 3 (August 2013): 537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800005058.
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Historically, market situation and outlook has often included some form of price forecast. Recent volatility in agricultural commodity markets is making price forecasts challenging and at times less reliable. In addressing this price volatility, changes in agricultural markets are highlighted along with price forecasts: pre- and postincreased market volatility. Given these recent challenges, the future of Extension agricultural commodity marketing is discussed.
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Ramesh, C. "Effective Marketing Channels of Paddy in Keerapalayam Block in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 7, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2018.7.3.1350.
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Agricultural marketing plays a vital role in agricultural development which is a pre-requisite for development in other sectors and for the overall development of the economy. The agricultural marketing is defined as the operations involved in the movement of food and raw materials from the farmers to the final consumer and the effect of such operations on producers and middlemen (Singh 1984). In India, there exists an elaborate and inter-connected system of agricultural produce markets through which the produce flows from the producer to the consumer. The market system in India comprises 30,000 rural primary markets, 7,000 wholesale assembling markets at the secondary stage and terminal distribution markets in every urban city or town (Ramaswamy 1995). An efficient marketing is a sine qua non in the economy of all countries, in general and of agricultural countries, in particular. It definitely exerts a powerful influence on country’s production and consumption pattern; it plays a prominent role in regulating supply and demand; and it helps in the elimination of duplication of services and wastages of valuable resources. The present study is confined to the study of marketing system of food crops namely paddy in Cuddalore District. Hence, the present chapter makes an attempt to study the marketing system in terms of storage, marketing channels and the like. Further, an attempt has been made to anlayse marketing cost, marketing margin, price-spread and marketing efficiency. For better exposition, the present study is organised under the following headings: Marketable surplus of paddy; Storage, cost of storage and Net gains earned by storage; Market Structure; Marketing cost, Marketing margin and Price-spread; Marketing Efficiency and Marketing problems
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Abunyuwah, Isaac. "Modeling Market Integration and Asymmetric Price Transmission Dynamics of Yam Markets in Ghana." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 3(J) (July 25, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i3(j).2710.
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Functioning agricultural markets are fundamental to unlock economic growth and to accelerate agricultural development. Understanding the behavior of agriculture markets is crucial for price, poverty and livelihood policy strategies in agrarian economies. To assess price transmission and market efficiencies of Ghanaian yam markets spatial market integration analysis of five major yam markets: Techiman, Tamale, Wa, Kumasi and Accra was conducted. Monthly wholesale price data between January 2006 and June 2018 were used. Results from the momentum threshold autoregressive (M-TAR) model indicated the presence of co-integration and price transmission asymmetries. Thus, price increases in Techiman reference market are more rapidly transmitted to the other regional markets than price reductions. It is recommended that the source of this type of asymmetry be investigated as it favors middlemen at the expense of producers and retailers/consumers for appropriate marketing policy intervention.
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Mushtaq, Khalid, Abdul Gafoor Abdul Gafoor, and Maula Dad Maula Dad. "Apple Market Integration: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2008.v13.i1.a5.
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In a market driven economy, price signals guide and regulate production, consumption and marketing decisions over time, form and place. Identifying the causes of price differences in interregional or spatial markets has therefore become an important economic analytical tool to understand markets better. If markets are not well integrated, price signals are distorted, which leads to an inefficient allocation of resources. Further, it may constrain sustainable agricultural development and aggravate inequitable patterns of income distribution. This paper examines the degree of spatial market integration in the regional apple markets of Pakistan using cointegration analysis and monthly wholesale price data from January, 1996 to December, 2005. Results show that apple markets are perfectly integrated and Quetta is the dominating market. The high degree of market integration observed in this case is consistent with view that apple markets in Pakistan are quite competitive and provide little justification for government intervention designed to improve competitiveness to enhance market efficiency.
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Argade, Aashish, Arnab Kumar Laha, and Anand Kumar Jaiswal. "Connecting Smallholders’ Marketplace Decisions to Agricultural Market Reform Policy in India – An Empirical Exploration." Journal of Macromarketing 41, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146721997885.
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Governments in developing countries have attempted to reform inefficient agricultural markets through direct interventions, market-oriented approaches, and institutional mechanisms, with one of the aims being improving the lot of smallholder farmers. However, such interventions often fell short of yielding desired results, perhaps because broad macro objectives failed to take into account micro-level processes. This study examines smallholder farmers’ market selection decisions and attempts to establish if these have a bearing on legislative goals of agricultural marketing reforms. Analysis of survey data using binary logistic regression, reveals that farmers choose between two prominent marketplaces – APMC and farm gate – on the basis of factors such as perishability of produce, quality testing infrastructure at the marketplace, and services provided by buyers such as grading and sorting or transportation. Findings are reinforced by an extended part of the study where farmers ranked assumptive marketplace scenarios developed by incorporating different marketplace features. Results demonstrate the possibility of enabling systemic changes in agricultural markets by catering to grassroots decision mechanisms. Implications for policy and relevant players engaged in agricultural markets are discussed.
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Poperechny, S., O. Salamin, and N. Kubrak. "Creation and marketing activity problems of service cooperatives in agri-culture." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 92 (May 11, 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9208.
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The problems of creation and effective functioning of service cooperatives in agriculture are analyzed. Formation of their microeconomic goals, which are determined by the presence of many centers of optimization, are shown. The inadequate coherence between these goals and the directions of state financial support was the most important factor in deterring of formation servicing co-operation in Ukraine. The mistakenness of common points of view regarding the absolute competitive advantages of agroholdings in comparison with service cooperatives is substantiated. Service cooperatives can provide formation as large commodity parties as agroholdings without excessive consolidation of economic entities. In addition, service cooperatives may avoid competition by implementing marketing strategy focused on satisfying needs of consumers of individual narrow market segments. The main argument is the ability to overcome the monopolization of the market by separate structures and ensure market price generation. General tendencies of agricultural development are determined by the prices which are formed by separate monopoly structure without cooperatives. Price is the main element of the market mechanism of production regulation. It is a benchmark that defines the directions of marketing activity of agricultural enterprise. There are lots of tendencies that should be expected in such condition. These are huge companies, which form their own distribution channels. They independently deliver products to consumers, passing the existing intermediary structures which monopolized market. They prefer production of products for export, as monopolistic tendencies in pricing are largely overcomed in foreign markets and prices for agricultural products are higher and more stable. Cooperative idea is aimed at formation on cooperative basis of the infrastructure of the agrarian market in some countries. Evidence of this is predominantly cooperative ownership of the wholesale markets for agricultural products, created in the places of raw material production. Government support of creation markets ensures market generation of prices and goods flows through the organization of auction tenders. The dissemination of information on the results of these trades will affect the price level generated by other channels, stabilizing prices.
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Zafar, Mahniya, Naved Hamid, and Fatima Arshad. "Are Agricultural Markets in the Punjab Technically Efficient?" LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 89–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2020.v25.i1.a4.
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We testthe technical efficiency, measured by the degreeof integration,of agriculture marketsfor five crops in the Punjabprovince of Pakistanusing daily wholesale market prices from the Agriculture Management Information System (AMIS). We findthat potato, onion and mango markets are well integrated both horizontally and vertically, with the speed of price adjustment in most cases (mango isthe exception) being very rapid. We also find that kinnow and basmati rice markets are bothvertically fairly well integrated. Furthermore, we findthat trends in cropping patternsover the period 2000 to 2014 are in line with the changing market demand and government priceinterventions. The reformsintroducedby thePunjab Agriculture Marketing Regulatory Authority (PAMRA) Act 2020,aimed atincreasing competition in agriculture markets,have the potential tosignificantly improve economic efficiency.
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Salamin, O. "Actual problems of price formation for agricultural products." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 93 (November 16, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9304.
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The problems of prices formation for agricultural products are analyzed. In Ukraine, prices have been liberalized without market environment, unlike economically developed countries, where the market environment has evolved over a long period of time. This has led to high price volatility, which is very difficult for manufacturers to adapt. They cannot develop business plans and marketing programs. Due to high risk, bank loans cannot be attracted. The effectiveness of direct financial support programs is decreasing. They did not ensure the overcoming of monopoly tendencies in the field of product purchases and stabilization of the prices of efforts of state agricultural management and public organizations aimed at establishing marketing cooperatives. The cooperative products are sold to the processing plants at the same prices at which they would be harvested and sold without setting up a cooperative. Such cooperatives only simplify the activities of processing enterprises for the procurement of raw materials. Cooperatives, which carry out the processing of products, are viable ones that influence the level of prices and stabilize them. This forms a self-regulatory vertical marketing system of the cooperative type. Without government intervention, prices are acceptable that are acceptable both, for the production and promotion and sale of products to the end consumer. Prices are promptly revised in the light of market conditions and problems that arise at individual levels of the supply chain. Auction results have a significant impact on the overall level and dynamic price changes. The information on the results of the bidding affects the price level, which is formed by all other alternative sales channels. Monopolistic tendencies by individual market participants in the field of agricultural purchases are often only possible due to the lack of information on market conditions from individual producers and possible price in alternative distribution channels. All wholesale agricultural markets established in Ukraine are of a supply nature. They operate in large cities and create the conditions for manufacturers to produce manufactured products, but require trading operations throughout the day. Such markets are more appropriate for intermediary structures that operate on a permanent basis. For the manufacturers of products, wholesale wholesale markets that are created in the areas of production of raw materials are more acceptable. The founders of such markets are usually sales cooperatives. Large cooperative lots of homogeneous products can be offered in such markets by cooperatives in such markets. Auctions may be organized and conducted for such products.
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Juma, Musa Fadhili, Kadeghe Goodluck Fue, Alcardo Alex Barakabitze, Neema Nicodemus, Mawazo Mwita Magesa, Fredy Timothy Mlyavidoga Kilima, and Camilius A. Sanga. "Understanding Crowdsourcing of Agricultural Market Information in a Pilot Study." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2017100101.
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Access to agricultural markets and marketing information are essential factors in promoting competitive markets and improving agricultural sector development. The agricultural sector employs majorities in developing countries and contributes greatly to its development. Unluckily, majorities of the farmers are smallholders living in rural areas and thus, lack appropriate access to markets for their products and also, they are deprived of agricultural market information. As results, farmers are exploited by middlemen who offer low prices for their agricultural produce. This study presents the best way for the agricultural stakeholders to obtain easily agricultural market information service. This study presents a novel agricultural market information system which was implemented using some concepts of crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing allows sellers to broadcast whatever produce they want to sell and customers are allowed to submit their requests using either SMS or web.
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Renkoski, Matthew A. "Marketing Strategies of Biotechnology Firms: Implications for U.S. Agriculture." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 29, no. 1 (July 1997): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800029175.
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AbstractDuPont Quality Grains is focused on improving grain quality for end users, rather than on farm production traits. A major DuPont program is high oil corn. Feed corn has a huge market, and, because it requires no intermediate processing, any enhanced value is measurable by end users. Standard commodity markets do not function for capturing the value of enhanced grains, and so DuPont works with end users, elevators, farmers, and seed companies to create market channels. As biotechnology commercializes more value-enhancing traits targeted to specific agricultural customers, vertical value chains will become shorter and more coordinated while standard commodity markets will diminish.
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Hénault, Georges. "Le développement dans l’optique du marketing : le cas des produits agricoles dans les P.V.D." Études internationales 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 627–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701112ar.
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The author seeks to determine in what way marketing may be considered as a development catalyst by examining the case of agricultural products in developing countries. He first observes that the marketing System both reflects the level of development and constitutes a subsystem of the socio-economic System. Marketing is thus in a symbiotic relationship with the development process. Market complexity conditions the nature of public and private sector initiatives. In fact, the structure of domestic agricultural markets is disjointed and the imperatives of world markets impose an almost dialectical choice between exports and import substitution. After having analyzed contextual and empirical data, the author considers such marketing actors as government marketing boards and producer cooperatives by attempting an assessment of their developmental impact. Marketing, he concludes, may be seen as a necessary but not sufficient condition for the development process.
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Hanzhurenko, Iryna. "Adaptability of marketing and logistics systems of agricultural business entities." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-6.
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Introduction. The effective development of the internal market for agricultural products is hampered by the viola-tion of the income distribution proportionality between the subjects of its production and the circulation. This is due to the influence of many factors, so it is necessary to find ways to increase the adaptability level of marketing and logistics systems of agricultural business entities. The purpose of scientific research is to develop theoretical and practical aspects of adaptability of marketing and lo-gistics systems of agricultural business entities. Results. The formalization necessity of the quantitative estimation method of the realization nature of economic in-terests of subjects was established in production spheres and the circulation of internal agricultural production. No competi-tive situation has been identified at different levels of the marketing infrastructure of the given market. The formula is pro-posed for calculating the indicator, which characterizes the subjects’ dominance of circulation, and calculates its value for the markets of wheat grains of the third class, marketable sunflower, pork, poultry in all categories, milk. The interpretation of the analysis results is given. The possibility of using the methodology to determine the dominance level of a certain group of subjects in the agrarian market, influencing the behavior of other participants of market processes is substantiated. It is suggested to use this technique to analyze the realization completeness of entities economic interests serving the sales chan-nels. The object markets were ranked according to the increase in the production profitability and the products sales by the manufacturers. The process of the object market development is characterized. The interpretation in the indicator values change is given from the point of view of economic processes in the agricultural market. The laws of formation and function-ing of the strategic management system of marketing and logistic activity have been determined. Comparison of the classes and types of marketing and logistic strategies of agricultural enterprises is presented. The principles of the construction and orientation of the strategic management system of marketing and logistic activity are outlined. Conclusions. It is necessary to maintain an adequate level of adaptability in order to ensure the proper functioning of marketing and logistics systems of agricultural business entities. This property depends on the financial condition, activity parameters, economic potential and other characteristics of the agricultural enterprise. Adaptability of marketing and logistics systems contributes to the profitability increase of agricultural enterprises in the sphere of production and circulation. Keywords: logistics, logistic activity, logistics system, marketing, marketing of agricultural products, agrarian enterprise, sales channel, marketing communications.
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Uva, Wen-fei L. "680 Innovative Methods to Market Locally Grown Products." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 516A—516. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.516a.
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The development of industrialized production and global sourcing has changed the marketing structure of the horticulture industry dramatically. The inherent disadvantaged resource base (soils and climate) and high production costs in the northeast United States make it difficult for growers to compete in commodity markets. Exploiting niche and value-added markets are important for the survival of northeast agriculture. Moreover, an emphasis on quality of life has created a movement towards sustainable agriculture. As a result of this movement, many programs have been initiated to promote locally grown products and to support agricultural-based economic development. The common objectives of the “locally grown” programs are to promote agricultural products produced within the region, support the local economy, and develop agricultural markets. Keys to success of a “locally grown” program are a vision, seed funding, a champion, and community, political leadership and technical support. Many innovative regional food and agriculture development programs have been initiated in New York State to support local farmers, revitalize the rural economy, promote local identity and pride, develop agri-tourism, and capture the urban markets. Some examples include the “Finger Lakes Culinary Bounty” initiated by local chefs, “Uncork New York” sponsored by the wine industry, and “Hudson Valley Harvest” and a pilot ethnic market project targeting New York City markets.
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AJEWOLE, KAYODE, TED C. SCHROEDER, and JOE PARCELL. "PRICE REPORTING IN A THIN MARKET." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 48, no. 4 (November 2016): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.19.
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AbstractThin markets create challenges for reporting market information by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and for users of the information. This study examines distributions of transactions comprising daily price reports in the U.S. hog market. We determine publicly reported daily prices are sensitive to which packing plants buy hogs. Transaction prices comprising USDA Agricultural Marketing Service price reports are not normally distributed; care must be taken in reporting and interpreting transaction prices. Economically important variations in prices occur because of packer-specific indicators. Daily reported prices are used as base prices in marketing agreements, making variation of even greater importance.
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Katchova, Ani L. "Agricultural Contracts and Alternative Marketing Options: A Matching Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 2 (May 2010): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003448.
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The increasing use of agricultural contracts and processor concentration raises concerns that processors may offer lower contract prices in absence of local competition. This study examines the price competitiveness of marketing and production contracts depending on the availability of alternative marketing options. A propensity score matching method is used to compare prices using contract data from a farm-level national survey. The results show that the absence of other contractors or spot markets in producers' areas does not lead to statistically significant price differences in agricultural contracts for most commodities, providing evidence that most agricultural processors do not exercise market power by reducing prices when other local buyers are not available.
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Hamlin, Robert, John Knight, and Ron Cuthbert. "Niche marketing and farm diversification processes: Insights from New Zealand and Canada." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 1 (February 23, 2015): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000489.
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AbstractIn many developed countries agriculture is undergoing significant changes. Traditional commodity markets are increasingly being supplemented or even displaced by niche markets served by firms producing specialty products. The purpose of this paper is to determine why firms seek out niche markets and what contributes to their success. This paper investigates the characteristics that make niche markets attractive to small and medium-sized agricultural firms and the ways in which these firms become highly adapted for their chosen niche. Results indicate that forming alliances and the development of horizontal and vertical networks are among the most common and most important strategies employed by successful niche marketers. The study found that firms market niche products as part of a portfolio of products that often includes an anchoring commodity. Results also suggest that aggressive growth and pricing strategies may negatively impact a firm's ability to sustain barriers to entry. The development of a niche positioning strategy is often the outcome of a reaction to an existing situation rather than of a priori strategic planning.
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Tanasiichuk, Alona, Olha Hromova, Svetlana Kovalchuk, Iryna Perevozova, and Oleg Khmelevskyi. "Scientific and Methodological Approaches to the Evaluation of Marketing Management of Enterprises in the Context of International Diversification." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p349.
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Marketing management of business activities in the context of international diversification involves the construction of an appropriate system of information gathering, study of foreign markets, planning, implementation and control of the marketing program, risk and profit assessment, effectiveness of marketing decisions, development of marketing strategy of the enterprise, which allows obtaining the maximum positive result with minimal marketing costs. In this study, further development of scientific and methodological approaches to determining the state of marketing management of the activities of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine under the conditions of international diversification, consisting in the identification of problematic issues arising in the course of international business diversification; quantitative and qualitative assessment and determination of the degree of diversification of the enterprise in different markets, as well as conducting market research of the most important business segments of consumers in foreign markets and selecting the optimal exit strategy of a diversified international markets.
Keywords: marketing management, concept of marketing management, international diversification, effectiveness of marketing management, planning, organization and control of enterprise marketing management, evaluation of the degree of diversification of activities, diversified company
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Ovwigho, Bishop O. "Rethinking Rural and Agricultural Development Through Market-Oriented Technologies in Africa." Sustainable Agriculture Research 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v3n1p85.
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<p>The broad objective of the paper was to design a market oriented technology for agricultural and rural development in Africa. Marketing extension has been over looked in extension services delivery. Many of the agricultural technologies including the Top-Bottom, Feed-back, Farmer-Back to Farmer and Integrated Rural Development lacked in-built marketing components. The technology versus market component model was developed in this study. The model consists of the technical, market, and sustainability components as well as control mechanism. The theory of the technology and marketing component model states that, if the technical, marketing and sustainability components of a technology are properly designed implemented and controlled farmers will derive greater incentives from their investment. The marketing component should be specified in all agricultural technology after verifying the technical and sustainability components. Advisory services on marketing functions, role of cooperatives and organized markets in improving market incentives to the rural small and medium scale farmers were discussed. The model is recommended to research scientists and extension workers to adopt in a bid to improve the welfare of the rural farmers.</p>
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Arcot, Purna Prasad, and Chandrasekhar Rao. "Excellence in Agri-Marketing through National Agricultural Market (NAM) for Sustainability of Indian Farming Sector." Archives of Business Research 7, no. 11 (December 3, 2019): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.711.7404.
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National Agricultural Market (NAM), the most needed e-platform for the integration of agricultural markets across India is considered as an appropriate solution to overcome the challenges and problems faced by the present stakeholders of the Agri-marketing system. Related issues like states fragmentation into multiple market areas monitored by APMCs, different and numerous levy structures, multiple licenses requirement for trading across different mandis, interventions of high net worth bidders in price-fixing, inadequate infrastructural facilities in reaching mandis and non-usage of e-bidding technology, problems of information dissemination causing asymmetry, lack of transparency in price discovery, high market charges, movement controls between state to state, etc are to be addressed on priority basis in order to benefit the farmers and other stakeholders of agri-marketing industry. The need for the effective unified system across the country combining all agri-marketing platforms both at State and National level is the need of the day and has been well understood by our Prime Minister of India, Sri Narendra Modi and his team. The initiative is taken to have a sustainable environment through National Agricultural Market, which was launched on April 14, 2016. This enables a better price to farmers on their produce & improves the efficiency of the supply chain. Sustainable development is one which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
In this paper, the authors have attempted to understand the National Agricultural Market’s success as a means to sustainability in agri-marketing directly and Indian economy growth indirectly. This paper will be partly based on the theoretical concept &somewhat empirical study that deals with the idea of National Agricultural Markets and its relevance in bringing sustainable development in agri-marketing. The theoretical part consists of a critical review of literature relevant to the concept of agricultural production, marketing and unified market system and concludes in an attempt at a more precise formulation of the idea. The empirical part of the study is based on questionnaires served to randomly select traders and farmers of Karnataka state where unified marketing system ReMS is implemented much earlier to NAM. The empirical part of the study is done to provide background information that makes it possible to discuss sustainable growth possibility in a practical context and should therefore not be seen as a direct attempt to confirm the theory. The research will enable a better understanding of NAM’s effort in achieving excellence in agri-marketing and sustainability of farming.
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Blaas, G., and J. Varoščák. "Slovak agricultural markets and farm income after the EU accession." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 1 (February 16, 2012): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4993-agricecon.
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The paper is focusing on the analysis of some aspects of changes in the economic performance of the farm sector in Slovakia during the first period after the accession to the European Union, as measured by the Economic Account of Agriculture. Authors find that the growth of agricultural goods output was the main element of the improved income generation within the sector during the first year of the EU membership. This was induced by the growth of physical crop output and new subsidies to products. Price alignment played only a minor role in the income growth within the sector. Price increases were limited to some few livestock products. The scope and range of the horizontal price transmissions might have also been influenced by the constraints on the domestic market demand, insufficient functioning of the market support institutions and shortages of marketing infrastructure.
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Dehoust, Jakob, Ernst Albrecht, and Oliver Balkhausen. "World agricultural commodity markets in the marketing year 2020/21." German Journal of Agricultural Economics 70, no. 5 (April 1, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30430/70.2021.5.13-22.
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Katengeza, Samson P., Julius Juma Okello, and Noel Jambo. "Use of Mobile Phone Technology in Agricultural Marketing." International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa 2, no. 2 (July 2011): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jictrda.2011070102.
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The mobile phone technology is an important tool to enhance farmers’ access to better paying agricultural markets. The study reports the results of a household study in Mwanza, Dedza and Mzimba Districts of Malawi. The study assesses drivers of adoption of mobile phone technology for agricultural marketing by smallholder farmers. The study used regression techniques to identify drivers and extent of mobile phone use. Results show that use is positively affected by literacy, distance to local market, land size, current value of assets, crop income, and region variations but negatively influenced by access to electricity. Intensity of use is conditioned by gender, participation in agricultural projects, ownership of a mobile phone, current asset value, distance to nearest public phone services, and region variations. Asset endowment plays a critical role in enhancing adoption of mobile phone technology. Gender disparities significantly affect adoption as most women have limited access to assets. The study suggests the need to improve farmers’ access to mobile phones for agricultural marketing. It recommends that government, in collaboration with mobile network operators, should reduce calling tariffs to enhance use, gender disparities in accessing assets should be minimised, and investment in supporting infrastructure must be enhanced.
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Watson, Andrew. "The Reform of Agricultural Marketing in China Since 1978." China Quarterly 113 (March 1988): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000026382.
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With the proclamation of Document 1, 1983, reform of marketing became one of the major targets of agricultural policy in China. This official emphasis on the need to liberalize the marketing system was, however, little more than a confirmation of a process which was already taking place. The initial reforms of labour management and prices in 1978 had led to a decentralization of economic authority to the household level. The commune system was in decline and the number of small-scale free markets was increasing rapidly as peasants took advantage of their new-found freedom to trade their surplus production as they wished. Responding to the economic stimulus offered by the new structure of prices and to the organizational flexibility offered by the decentralization of management, some households began to plan at least part of their production for sale on the market, there by initiating a process of specialization and commercialization. Once begun, this process fed backwards into production by encouraging further specialization and diversification and forwards into marketing by stimulating the emergence of longdistance trade carried out by specialist merchants and traders. In effect, the free market began to act as an engine of economic change, shaping both the structure of agricultural production and employment and the network of new economic linkages through the emerging hierarchy of market centres.
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Chambers, Robert G. "Domestic and International Agricultural Policy Interfaces." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 18, no. 1 (July 1986): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200005331.
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Since 1981, American agricultural export earnings have plummeted from $43 billion to around $29 billion for 1985, a 37 percent decline. Many factors have been offered as partial explanations for this phenomenon: a strong dollar, the continued fallout from the grain embargo placed by the Carter Administration on the Soviet Union, poor American marketing practices in international agricultural markets, debt problems in heretofore rapidly developing third-world countries that had been among our fastest growing export markets, and uncompetitive practices spawned by the foreign trade policies of our major competitors in international agricultural markets.
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Yami, Mesay, Ferdi Meyer, and Rashid Hassan. "Should traders be blamed for soaring food prices in Ethiopia? Evidence from wholesale maize markets." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 1 (January 2020): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0140.
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The prevalence of imperfect price transmission in the agricultural food markets continues to be an important policy concern for most countries in Africa. Motivated by the coexistence of soaring food prices and high domestic food production, this article investigates the performance of wholesale white maize markets in Ethiopia during the post-agricultural market liberalization period. The presence of price manipulation in the grain market structure has important welfare implications as it impedes the full transmission of price reductions and increases among marketing intermediaries. Results indicate that regional maize markets adjusted more quickly to price decreases than price increases to the central Addis Ababa wholesale maize market prices, suggesting the absence of positive asymmetric price transmission. Our findings are in contrast with existing studies conducted in southern, western and eastern Africa major food commodity markets.
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M, Hena. "THEORIZING AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAINS: INTEGRATING SMALL HOLDER PRODUCERS TO OVERCOME HURDLES." International Conference on Advances in Business, Management and Law (ICABML) 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2019): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/icabml-cp.v2i1.271.
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Modern marketing techniques and restructured markets for agriculture products has made the small holder producers to fight against a number of consequences which they are actually not practiced or trained. As an alternative, new innovative practice like value chain approach has been identified in improving their ability to combat the restructured market conditions. This paper reviews the theoretical justifications and different viewpoints of value chains approach which can benefit the small holder producers in agriculture sector. A review on evidences from agricultural value chain experiences exposed the necessity of a tool or a business model like value chain approach to integrate the small holder producers to viable markets and to capitalize the immense opportunities in the markets, particularly for least developed and developing countries. The literature revealed that small holder producer can access international markets by establishing value chain networks and by building relationships in chain networks.
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Henneberry, David, and Kellie Curry. "Agricultural Import Demand in Large Markets." Journal of Food Products Marketing 2, no. 3 (July 11, 1995): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j038v02n03_05.
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Pletcher, James R. "The Political Uses of Agricultural Markets in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 4 (December 1986): 603–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007229.
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IT is widely acknowledged that the origins of Africa's hunger crisis lie only partly in weather patterns. A growing number of studies have emphasised the rôle which the state plays in creating a policy environment which either undermines or promotes commercial agriculture.1 Much of the fault for the latter's poor performance in many areas of the continent is assigned to short-sighted government policies of excessive intervention in agricultural markets. The cardinal sins are considered to be price controls, food subsidies, and state-run marketing boards. As the external debt of African states grows, foreign lenders and aid donors impose economic reforms deemed necessary to address the long-run structural problems. The austerity packages of the International Monetary Fund, for example, aim to reduce demand in the borrowing country by cutting government spending on subsidies, while the World Bank focuses on stimulating agricultural production through a mixture of targeted investments and advice on how to change the pricing and tax structure so as to improve incentives for farmers.2
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SHELDON, IAN M. "THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AND INPUT MARKETS: A REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS OF RECENT RESEARCH." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 49, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.29.
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AbstractThis article reviews literature on competitiveness of agricultural product and input markets. Although researchers in the United States and Europe emphasize different stages of the agricultural and food marketing system, their focus is similar: extent of buyer power, although both have largely ignored the sector supplying inputs to agriculture. The key conclusion is that there is little robust empirical evidence for food processing firms exerting buyer power, and there are limited data concerning vertical contracts between food processing and agriculture, but there is a small body of evidence concerning food retailer behavior and vertical coordination between food retailing and processing.
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Çuhadar, Muhammed, Hakan Adanacıoğlu, Naciye Oruç, and Hümeyra Şahin. "Comparison of Farmers’ Markets and District Markets in Terms of Marketing Efficiency: The Case of Seferihisar District in Izmir Province." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i3.15057.
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Marketing is a process that begins before the production of goods and continues even after the sale has been made. That is why it is essential to market effectively and accurately. Besides, many problems occur sourced from production and marketing. The most important one of these problems is that the marketing system is controlled by intermediaries. Excessive intermediaries lead to product losses and costs. While farmers sell the goods at low prices, the excess marketing channels cause product prices to increase until it reaches consumers. In this context, as determining the marketing efficiency of farmers, it is aimed to offer solutions to these problems. The research area of this study is the farmers' market in Seferihisar district of Izmir province in Turkey. It was interviewed face-to-face with 75 agricultural farmers in the research area. According to the obtained study results, in the farmers' market, the product with the highest marketing efficiency index (MEI) was fresh onion (40.6). In district markets, the product with the highest MEI was found as leek with 5.80. The study also showed that as farm size increased, farmers had a higher MEI.
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Užar, Dubravka, Vuk Radojević, and Izabela Mugoša. "The Marketing Concept of Agricultural Holdings: The Case of Serbian Cheese." Contemporary Agriculture 69, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2020-0007.
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SummaryThe production of cheese as a value-added product occupies a prominent place in the food system of economically developed countries and is an important revenue generator for all participants in the production chain. The absence or insufficient application of the marketing concept reduces the possibility of efficient and effective utilization of available resources and hinders obtaining a competitive position of cheese producers in the market. The extent of marketing concept implementation in the business of cheese-producing agricultural holdings is a significant factor for their differentiation, development and growth. Empirical research was carried out using the survey method by creating a questionnaire for 78 holdings engaged in cheese production in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The Serbian cheese producers considered were surveyed about their business structure, production operations and strategic plans for the future. The objective of the research was to identify the place and role of the marketing concept in the business practice of registered agricultural holdings for cheese production in the Republic of Serbia. A lack of their awareness of the importance of marketing in business was found to be associated with a lack of their knowledge about the basic elements, essence and purpose of the marketing concept. Therefore, a major challenge for the agricultural sector is to encourage farmers to develop marketing skills. To be successful in the market, farmers need to have a better understanding of markets. It is necessary to educate small cheese producers about the importance of marketing in order to obtain a better market position and increase their profitability.
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Tanasiichuk, Alona, Svetlana Kovalchuk, Olha Hromova, Hryhorenko Inna, and Fedortsova Olena. "Evaluation of the Convergence of International Markets for Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine under International Diversification Conditions." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p467.
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It is proposed the classification of indicators of convergence assessment of international markets for determining their marketing attractiveness for the enterprise, which includes absolute and relative indicators of measurement of general statistical data, evaluation of factors of production, information on products and services, dynamic indicators and convergence indicators used by enterprises for the search of new international markets. In the expert assessment of convergence indicators, the markets of foreign countries, the indicators of which are as close as possible to the Ukrainian economy, are distinguished, the result of the assessment allowed to draw conclusions about the marketing opportunities of domestic enterprises in the conditions of the export of goods to the markets of these countries. As the analysis of practical aspects of the functioning of agricultural enterprises and their associations results, a scientific and methodical approach to a comprehensive convergence of agricultural enterprises activities of Ukraine assessment under the conditions of international diversification has been developed. The proposed approach is based on the method of summing up the ranks to rank foreign markets according to the system of dynamic indicators application, which allowed to determine the marketing attractiveness of new international markets for the domestic enterprises activity in these markets and to assess their convergence. As the application of the proposed approach result, foreign markets have been identified which demonstrate favorable conditions for doing business on them, indicating the convergent conditions existence, which is a prerequisite for domestic agricultural enterprises to the markets of these countries release, and also determines the factors and criteria for making managerial decisions regarding realization of domestic agrarian enterprises activity under international diversification conditions. It is proved that the markets of Belgium, Italy, Ireland, Switzerland, and Japan have demonstrated favorable conditions for doing business with them, indicating a significant convergence of markets in these countries. It is determined that the markets of Greece and China are promising for domestic enterprises in the presence of opportunities to overcome a significant margin of discretion. Keywords: convergence, international diversification, international markets marketing attractiveness, convergence evaluation of international markets
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Capitani, Daniel Henrique Dario, and Fabio Mattos. "Measurement of Commodity Price Risk: an overview of Brazilian agricultural markets." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 55, no. 3 (September 2017): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1234-56781806-94790550306.
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Abstract: This study explores different procedures to estimate price risk in commodity markets. Focusing on Brazilian agricultural markets, the paper proposes to assess both dispersion and downside risk measures using five different approaches (volatility, coefficient of variation, lower partial moments, value at risk and conditional value at risk). Results suggest that some commodities have large price variability but small downside risk, while other commodities show small price variability and large downside risk. Thus, there is no single answer to the question of which commodity exhibits more price risk, but rather distinct answers depending on how risk is perceived by different individuals. These findings are relevant for agents in the agricultural industry as they affect marketing and risk management decisions and for policy makers involved in support programs to agriculture.
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VAN ZANDEN, JAN LUITEN. "On the Efficiency of Markets for Agricultural Products: Rice Prices and Capital Markets in Java, 1823–1853." Journal of Economic History 64, no. 4 (December 2004): 1028–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704043074.
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I use rice prices in three cities to analyze the efficiency of the marketing system and the institutional framework of Javanese agriculture, 1823–1853. I show that imperfections in rural capital markets caused the extreme fluctuations in rice prices and that the segmentation of the capital market modifies the McCloskey and Nash interpretation of the relationship between seasonal fluctuations of grain (or rice) prices and interest rates. I argue that these fluctuations proxy peasants' stress. Finally, I hypothesize that institutional and market failures explain the “noneconomic” behavior of Javanese peasants in Boeke's theory of dualistic economic development.
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Obiadi, Adaobi J., Frank O. Nwankwo, Uche R. Ezeokafor, and Gabriel E. Ekwere. "The Effect of Institutional Factors in Marketing of Agricultural Products by Cooperative Farmers." Business and Management Research 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v9n1p43.
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This study was carried out to examine the effect of institutional factors in marketing of agricultural products by cooperative farmers in Anambra State of Nigeria. Four specific objective The study focused on four specific objectives which were to; examine the socio-economic characteristicsof the cooperative farmers and its effect on market participation; determine the quantum and value of agricultural produce that had been marketed; identify the extent to which agricultural market participation of the framer is influenced by institutional factors such as market information, organizational support, use of grades and standards, and legal environment; and make recommendations based on the findings. Three hypotheses were also tested. Descriptive survey design was used for the study where seven hundred and ten (710) was used as sample size. Findings revealed that market disposition of the member was not related to duration of membership which implied that cooperative experience do not have substantial influence on marketing decisions. Farmers affirmed institutional factors such as influence of tradition and cultural practices; legal environment relating to laws governing sale of agricultural products, land tenure system, organizational supports from the government, availability of market information; and use of grades and standards in agricultural marketing significantly influenced their marketing decisions. It was further revealed that institutional factors have no influence on market participation of the cooperative farmers. In conclusion institutional factors have significant influence on marketing decisions while socio-economic characteristics of members have no significant influence on market participation by the cooperative farmers. Based on the findings, it was further recommended that government should always create an enabling environment to encourage farmers to continue to participate in agricultural markets. They can do this by re-examining laws and regulation that appear to impact negatively on farm production and agricultural marketing. This may include abrogation of the land tenure Act that has over the years, hindered access to agricultural farmlands by individual farmers among others.
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Owusu, Alex Barimah, Paul W. K. Yankson, and Stephen Frimpong. "Smallholder farmers’ knowledge of mobile telephone use: Gender perspectives and implications for agricultural market development." Progress in Development Studies 18, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993417735389.
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Recent growth in mobile telephone and mobile-based information services in many developing countries provides opportunities to reduce costly and incomplete information dissemination in the agricultural sector and ensure efficient functioning of markets. But in order to successfully use mobile phones for the optimal development of agricultural markets, understanding the impact of social structure on mobile phone adoption, its uses and perceived impacts are invaluable. Although global assessments of capacity in the use of information communication technology (ICT) devices have been considered, such assessments mask significant geo-spatial variations among local farmers—male and female—with respect to their capacity to effectively use basic mobile phone functions. Documenting and recognizing this is important for the development of national agricultural ICT policies, as well as programmes aimed at increasing farmers’ knowledge and use of ICT for agricultural marketing. This article’s contribution to agricultural marketing and the use of ICT in developing countries (such as Ghana) is anchored in the assessment of the technical capacity and mobile telephone-based market information access to farmers in selected rural districts of Ghana. The selected districts are where most households are poor and heavily dependent on farming as their mainstay, and furthermore, where market information which mobile phones facilitate is crucial to maximizing their incomes.
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Fenghe, Zhang, Viktoriia Medvid, and Lu Xu. "Marketing potential of the Sino-Russian bilateral agricultural export market." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.15.
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China and Russia are important agricultural countries in the world. Expanding exports and increasing sales of agricultural products play an important role in the economic development of both countries. To understand the current situation of agricultural exports of the two countries and formulate strategies to expand the marketing of agricultural products, this paper uses the UN Comtrade Database 2009-2018 on Chinese and Russian bilateral agricultural export sales and other trade data to calculate the (expansion margin) and (price margin) of agricultural exports, (quantity margin), to analyze the types, prices, and quantities of exported agricultural products. The results show that China exports to Russia mainly labor-intensive types of agricultural products such as processed agricultural and horticultural products, accounting for 87.46% of total agricultural exports on average. The increase in exports is mainly due to the continuous increase in the prices of exported agricultural products. Russia exports to China mainly land-intensive types of agricultural products such as animal products, grains, oilseeds and fat products, which accounted for an average of 79.07% of total agricultural exports. The increase in exports was mainly due to the continuous increase in types and quantities of agricultural products to develop the export potential of agricultural products and expand sales. In addition, China should expand the types and quantities of agricultural products exported, and Russia should increase the added value of agricultural products and raise the export prices of agricultural products.
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Turner, Donald H., and Robin G. Brumfield. "Export Marketing of Fresh Fruits in New Zealand." HortTechnology 4, no. 2 (April 1994): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.2.118.
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The development of New Zealand's economy was based largely on exports to England. With the formation of the EEC, New Zealand was forced to find other markets and concentrate on a wider variety of export commodities. Marketing boards for specific products with monopoly power have been at the center of agricultural and horticultural exports in New Zealand. New Zealand has concentrated on developing new varieties, premium quality, research on postharvest handling, branding, and other marketing procedures to compete in the world market and give producers a good return.
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Ma, Wanglin, and Awudu Abdulai. "Linking apple farmers to markets." China Agricultural Economic Review 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-04-2015-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of marketing contract choices including written contracts, oral contracts and no contracts, as well as to examine the impact of marketing contracts on net returns from apple production in China. Design/methodology/approach – A two-stage selection correction approach (Bourguignon, Fournier, and Gurgand (BFG)) for the multinomial logit model is employed to estimate the impact of marketing contracts on net returns from apple production. On the basis of the BFG estimation, the authors also use an endogenous switching regression model and a propensity score matching technique to estimate the causal effects of marketing contract choices on net returns from apple production. Findings – The results reveal significant selectivity correction terms in the choices of both written contracts and no contracts and insignificant selectivity correction terms in the choice of oral contract, indicating that accounting for selection bias is a prerequisite for unbiased and consistent estimation. The findings also indicate written contracts increase apple farmers’ net returns, while oral contracts exert the opposite effect. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of marketing contract choices on net returns from apple production, accounting for selectivity effects.
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KULIKOV, I. M., and I. A. MINAKOV. "Commercial Activity of Agricultural Producers." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).26.
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The article considers the existing sales system of agricultural products, which does not allow bringing the manufactured products to the consumer promptly and without losses, as well as reveals the features of agricultural production that affect commercial activity, such as dependence of production output on natural and climatic conditions, guaranteed demand, the uneven supply of products to the market, perishable and poorly transportable products, and the concentration of demand in large cities. It is established that the main suppliers of many types of products to the domestic market are agricultural organizations. This is explained by their large production output and a high level of product marketability. The main channel for selling agricultural products is processing enterprises and wholesale trade. It accounts for 77.0% (by wool) to 98.0% (by sugar beet). The sale prices of products vary by distribution channels; this stipulates the different levels of sales profitability. Export is one of the product sales channels; however, it leads to a reduction in the supply of products in the domestic market. The article substantiates the areas for improvement of commercial activity, which include the use of marketing, increasing the competitiveness of products based on improving their quality, creating consumer marketing cooperatives and agro-industrial establishments that combine production, storage, processing, and sale into a single process, participating in fairs, state and regional tenders, using Internet resources, organizing a system of wholesale food markets and logistics centers.
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Quddus, Abdul, and Jaclyn D. Kropp. "Constraints to Agricultural Production and Marketing in the Lagging Regions of Bangladesh." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 3956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12103956.
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This study analyzes the constraints affecting agricultural production in the lagging regions of Bangladesh. These regions are lagging in agricultural productivity due to natural phenomena and past government policies. Ten lagging regions, covering eight administrative divisions, were selected for analysis based on crop productivity indicators, percentage of the population in extreme poverty, and agroecological zones. Data were collected from 1257 farm holders using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were mostly older, illiterate males with low levels of education. Production constraints included inadequate supplies of fertilizer and pesticides in local markets. Labor accounted for the highest proportion of agriculture expenditures (51.3%), followed by equipment rental (11.8%), then pesticides (9.3%), and irrigation (8.2%). Only 35.4% of respondents availed credit to purchase agricultural inputs; among them, 85.4% borrowed from formal sources. Lack of proper irrigation facilities, production machinery, and access to institutional credit, difficulties procuring inputs and storing products, and negative impacts of climate were identified as the major constraints to agricultural productivity and marketing in the lagging regions. Access to credit and being adversely affected by weather impacted respondents’ agricultural productivity more than sociodemographic factors.
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Hillbom, Ellen. "Market institutions benefiting smallholders in contemporary Meru, Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 4 (November 9, 2012): 657–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000493.
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ABSTRACTSmallholders in developing countries can potentially benefit from access to local, regional, national and international markets as they intermediate between rural and urban demand for agricultural products and smallholder supply. This study investigates how smallholders in Meru, Tanzania make use of the various marketing channels that are available to them, and argues that the variety of potential marketing channels and easily accessible market information enables smallholders to weigh advantages and disadvantages with varying market opportunities and form rational decisions. It presents a case where producers, consumers and traders are the principal agents in building market institutions through what should be characterised as endogenous processes. As these market institutions correspond to smallholders' needs, they may be able to play an important role in the overall process of agricultural development in the area.
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Mukhtar, Thair, and Muhammad Tariq Javed. "Price Integration in Wholesale Maize Markets in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 1075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.1075-1084.
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Continuing debate concerning the appropriate role of the government in the marketplace and the necessity to some how estimate the effects of agricultural policies on agricultural markets have forced researchers to develop various methods, which would enable them to analyse market efficiency. Government intervention in setting prices, incomes and markets is always controversial. For economists, government intervention may be justified if it does not enhance distortions into the market and, moreover, remedies the existing market imperfections. But how can one observe whether the policy proves to improve market functioning or results in even more inefficiency? One way to throw some light on this long-standing issue is to analyse market performance by studying market integration. Three types of market integration are identified in the literature, which are intertemporal, vertical and spatial. Inter-temporal market integration relates to the arbitrage process across periods. Vertical market integration is concerned with stages in marketing and processing channels. Spatial integration is concerned with the integration of spatially distinct markets i.e. if price changes in one market are fully reflected in alternative market then these markets are said to be spatially integrated. The concept of market integration has normally been applied in studies involving spatial market interrelatedness.
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Hardesty, Shermain D., and Penny Leff. "Determining marketing costs and returns in alternative marketing channels." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 1 (November 18, 2009): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509990196.
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AbstractDirect marketing is a popular marketing practice among smaller producers in the United States. We conducted detailed case studies of three organic farming operations of different sizes and compared their marketing costs and profitability in alternative marketing channels. We classified marketing-related activities into three categories: packing and storage, transportation, and selling and administration. By measuring the costs for labor, purchased goods and services, and capital assets associated with these marketing activities, we determined that there are significant variations in marketing costs across marketing channels. For each of our three case-study farms, marketing costs per dollar of revenue were lowest in the wholesale channel and highest in the farmers' market channel. Significant labor costs for the selling activity and transportation expenses offset the higher prices and minimal packaging costs associated with farmers' markets. Profitability can also be significantly affected by marketing factors, such as packing and grading standards, and product that is used for sampling and consumer premiums. Our research demonstrates that the higher prices that producers earn from direct marketing rather than wholesaling are not pure profit; the price premiums are compensation for the costs they incur when direct marketing their produce. Direct marketing channels, such as farmers' markets and Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs), can enable smaller farmers to build financially viable operations, by gaining access to markets, growing their farming operations and reducing their marketing risk. However, to achieve this success, farmers must manage their marketing costs as well as their production costs.
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Sigei, Geoffrey, Bett K. Hillary, Kiprop K. Jonah, and Odipo O. Timothy. "Factors Influencing the Choice of Marketing Outlets among Small-Scale Pineapple Farmers in Kericho County, Kenya." International Journal of Regional Development 2, no. 2 (September 9, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v2i2.6237.
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<p>Markets act as pivotal point in the agricultural transformation process. Access to market plays crucial role in exploiting the marketing opportunities for the pineapple farmers. In the study area, the strategies to unlock the market access among pineapple farmers are wanting and these have resulted to limited marketing outlets. This study therefore seeks to determine the factors influencing the choice of pineapple marketing outlets in Bureti district. The cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 100 small-scale pineapple farmers. Data was analyzed using descriptive and Multinomial Logit model. The results showed that gender, group marketing, pineapple produce, price information, marketing under contract and vehicle ownership significantly influenced the choice of pineapple marketing outlets. The study has potential policy implication of improving the pineapple marketing performance and the welfare of the farmer. </p>