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1
Jabara, Cathy. "Commentary: The United States, Agriculture, and the Doha Round of Negotiations." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2005): 1850051. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1138.
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A commentary on Patrick Messerlin's article, "Agricultural Trade Liberalization." Cathy Jabara is the Division Chief of the Agriculture and Fishery Products Division at the U.S. International Trade Commission. She has been at the Commission for about 12 years, and previously served in positions at the Economic Research Service at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Treasury Department. She received her Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics at Purdue University. She is primarily involved in the research program at the Commission. Her responsibilities include analysis of the effects of trade agreements on the U.S. economy and industries.
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Window, Brian. "Up Close: Materials Science at the CSIRO Division of Applied Physics, Sydney, Australia." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 6 (June 1989): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400062680.
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The Division of Applied Physics of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization performs research in the physical sciences to benefit Australian industry and also staffs the National Measurement Laboratory, underpinning the Australian measurement system. CSIRO is the major government-funded research organization in Australia, employing approximately 7,000 people, based in 30 divisions, and whose interests range from the agricultural and livestock areas through prospecting, mining, and manufacturing to information and communication technologies. The general mix of work in the divisions includes a proportion of basic science and a significant involvement in contract research with relevant Australian industries.The Division of Applied Physics is one of the oldest divisions and celebrates its 50th Jubilee in 1988. This year is also the 200th anniversary of European settlement in Australia and the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Australian Institute of Physics. It was a busy year for the laboratory!Materials science research in the Division developed from the needs of the standards research program, passed through a period of primarily basic research, and now concentrates on industrial research and the underlying basic research. Four areas which exemplify this progression toward applied research and development are described in this article.Thin film research started in the Division in the 1950s to produce optical coatings, driven by the requirements of a developing standards research program, and the needs of an astronomy program to study the surface of the sun spectroscopically.
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Pushpa Malkanthi, S. H. "Farmers’ Attitude Towards Organic Agriculture: A Case of Rural Sri Lanka." Contemporary Agriculture 69, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2020-0003.
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SummaryOrganic agriculture has the potential to reduce the negative impacts of conventional agricultural practices and enhance rural economic development. Since research on Sri Lankan farmers’ attitude towards organic agriculture has been rare, this research aims to explore the farmers’ viewpoint on organic agriculture. Two main rural districts were purposely selected for this investigation since these districts have a high potential for organic agriculture. Two Divisional Secretariat (DS) divisions from each district and 75 farmers from the farming community of each DS division were randomly selected to form a sample of 300 farmers. Data were collected from July 2017 to April 2018 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The results revealed that a majority of the farmers (74%) were well-aware of organic agriculture and agricultural extension programs, while training was the primary information source in both districts. As per the mean analysis, the farmers had a positive attitude towards health-related and environmental protection aspects. However, they had a negative attitude towards the complexity of organic agriculture and unavailability of a suitable market for organic products. Results of the binary logistic regression revealed that the education level of the farmers significantly affect their attitude towards organic agriculture. The availability of traditional knowledge and technology relevant to organic agriculture, favorable climatic condition, and some government support were the main potentials, while labor intensiveness was the main challenge. Thus, creating better marketing facilities for organic products, providing the required amenities for producing organic food, processing, and value addition will promote organic agriculture among more farmers, supporting sustainable development.
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HOU, Man-Ping, and Jin-Min HAO. "Research on strategic agricultural division and layout of the Huang-huai-hai Plain." Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 18, no. 3 (May 18, 2010): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2010.00595.
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Hendajany, Nenny, and Deden Rizal. "REGIONAL TYPOLOGY APPROACH IN EDUCATION QUALITY IN WEST JAVA BASED ON AGRICULTURAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURE." International Journal of Business Review (The Jobs Review) 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/tjr.v2i2.20463.
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West Java is the province in Indonesia with the highest population and has a location close to the capital. However, the condition of education in West Java is generally still low. This is estimated because there are imbalances between districts / cities. The research objective is to get a clear picture of the condition of education in West Java by using secondary data issued by the Central Statistics Agency. The research method uses descriptive analysis, with analysis tools of regional typology. The division of regional typologies from the two indicators produces four regional terms, namely developed regions, developed regions constrained, potential areas to develop, and disadvantaged areas. Based on the indicators of education quality and life expectancy in 2017, from 27 municipal districts in West Java there were 33.3% in developed regions, 18.52% in developed regions were constrained, 7.4% in potential developing regions, and 40.74 % in disadvantaged areas. Bandung and Bekasi regencies are included in developed regions. While the cities of Banjar and Tasikmalaya include potential developing regions. Regional division with three indicators, namely the average length of school, Location Quation, and life expectancy. This division produces three filled quadrants. Quadrant I has 29.6%, quadrant III has 18.5%, and the remaining 51.9% is in quadrant IV. The results of this regional typology show that there are imbalances in education and public health.
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Rutkevych, Volodymyr. "EXPERIMENTAL RESOURCE STAND RESEARCH OF THE GOLDEN DIVISION DISTRIBUTOR." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 3(106) (November 29, 2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-3-10.
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The article discusses and analyzes the operating conditions of a modern hydraulic drive. Despite the difficult operating conditions of modern agricultural machinery (difficult working conditions, frequent changes in the technological load on the working bodies, low quality of the working fluid, increased dust content and temperature fluctuations), the hydraulic drive is its main reliable element. The basis of hydraulic drives is hydraulic spool type devices, they remain the main components of a modern hydraulic drive, are able to increase energy, dynamic, cost characteristics and increase the reliability and durability of this drive. The advantages, disadvantages and directions of improvement of this drive are noted. The modern directions of development of the hydraulic drive aimed at increasing the reliability, durability and adaptability to changing the technological load on the working bodies are considered. A booth design is proposed that allows to investigate a resource study of the developed spool splitter of a forage stem feeder. As a result of the research at the initial stage, some shortcomings in the structural implementation of the developed spool of the flow divider at the time up to 2·104 cycles were revealed. After analyzing the operating conditions and making changes to the design of the stem feeder spacer spacer and retesting, the spacer spacer showed stable operation, with more than 6.6·105 load cycles.
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Ma, Fangrui, and Milford A. Hanna. "Biodiesel production: a review1Journal Series #12109, Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln.1." Bioresource Technology 70, no. 1 (October 1999): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(99)00025-5.
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Wolski, Oskar. "Digitalisation of Rural Areas and Agriculture in the EU Debate: How Far from What Research Says?" Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 2 (183) (June 20, 2019): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir022019/01.
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Digitalisation of rural areas and agriculture is a vital thread in the EU debate now, at the time of developing the 2021–2027 programming perspective and defining the CAP goals. However, in this debate selected geographic and social factors influencing the process of digitalisation–according to the literature–do not seem to be taken into account. This leads to simplifications and generalisations of the rural reality. Given that satisfying different groups of stakeholders in different areas of Europe poses a big challenge to any of the EU policy, efforts to make them more effective should be stepped up. This paper is to serve that role. Its main aim was to discuss the gaps in the EU debate on digitalisation of rural areas and agriculture. The simplifications and generalisations present in the debate come down to the marginalisation of the role of place and people in the process. These in turn stem from perceiving the rural reality through the prism of binary division of rural society and economy. The former is seen to be constituted by farmers and non-farmers, while the latter by agricultural and non-agricultural functions of rural areas.
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Abdullah Al Mamun, Md, Syed Mahbubur Rahman, Md Nezam Uddin, Md Sultan-Ul-Islam, Khairul Arifin M. N., and Syed Mustafizur Rahman. "Rainfall And Drought Tendencies In Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-124.
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Insufficient rainfall results in water shortage and eventually leads to drought. This research has investigated drought by utilizing standardize precipitation index in monthly mean rainfall data for 30 years from 1988 to 2017 in Rajshahi division, a region in the northwestern part of Bangladesh. Estimated indices have identified that the years 1992, 1994, 2006, and 2012 experienced moderate to severe droughts, and the year 2010 suffered from extreme drought. Non-parametric and linear trend analyses have shown that the number of draughts in the study area has been growing. The study area is thus judged as moving forward to experience more droughts from lack of water due to rainfall deficit, especially during monsoon. This region has already started to experience a shortage of rainwater, approximately 18%, in the monsoon season. This shortage is likely to affect the volume of surface water and thus the groundwater recharging, which would distort irrigation for agriculture in the region. This work would therefore assist in policy-making addressing the watering system of the region to ensure smooth agricultural production.
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Wallace, Claire, David Dunkerley, Brian Cheal, and Martyn Warren. "Young People and the Division of Labour in Farming Families." Sociological Review 42, no. 3 (August 1994): 501–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb00099.x.
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The family farm has been identified as the main unit of agricultural production in Britain and it has been widely studied as an economic unit in agricultural research. However, it is also a social unit: one with a division of labour based upon gender and generation. Here we will consider a relatively unexplored area of agricultural production: the contribution of children to the family farm, based upon a quantitative survey of young people in a rural area and detailed qualitative interviews. The approach is to look at the farm family in terms of a ‘household work strategy’ although in the paper we argue that this should take into account the importance of moral obligation and patriarchal ideology. The importance of gender and generation are explored as intersecting factors in the division of labour.
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Bello, I. A., O. O. Ige, N. Kure, and A. H. Momoh. "ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION DOSE LEVEL AT KABBA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-599.
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Background radiation involves the measure of the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location. This research seek to generate data of the natural background radiation level of some selected Sections at Kabba College of Agriculture, using RadEye G20 survey meter. A total of 15 sections of the College were randomly selected and the background radiation dose rate of the sections were measured. The indoor dose rate ranged from (0.09 – 0.13) 𝜇Sv/yr, while the outdoor dose rate ranged from (0.07 - 0.10) 𝜇Sv/yr. The indoor annual effective dose were observed to be greater than the outdoor annual effective dose in all the College Sections measured. The lowest total annual effective dose 0.75 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟 was found at the Academic staff block. The highest total annual effective dose of 1.09 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟 was found at the livestock building, this might be due to the high-altitude nature of the area and the rocky materials used in the construction of the building. The highest total annual effective dose of the study area was slightly above the recommended limit of 1.0 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟. The result obtained from this research may not constitute immediate health risk to the staff and student of the college
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Ogryzek, Marek, Krzysztof Rząsa, and Ryszard Źróbek. "Change in the Level of Agricultural Development in the Context of Public Institutions’ Activities—A Case Study of the NASC Activities in Poland." Land 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020187.
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Agricultural development is determined by various factors, such as environmental, economic, demographic, or social circumstances. In order to present the level of this development as com-prehensively as possible, a multidimensional analysis should be carried out with an appropriate methodology. In this article, a taxonomic approach known as the Hellwig’s method was used to determine the level of agricultural development. The area of research was the territory of Poland, divided into voivodships, which are the main units of the administrative division of the country. The development of agriculture thus determined was correlated with activities pursued by the National Agricultural Support Centre (NASC), an institution responsible for the management of agricultural real estate owned by the State Treasury in Poland. The results showed that the NASC’s activities are related to the level of agricultural development in every voivodship. The investigated model of rural space management was shown to be a rational one, performing well in today’s market conditions. The proposed methodology could adapt to similar situations and can be used in similar research on rural areas.
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Poczta, Walenty, and Patrycja Beba. "COMPATIBILITY OF ALLOCATION OF CAP STRUCTURAL FUNDS WITH REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 5 (November 30, 2017): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6229.
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The objective of the research was to examine whether the current distribution Common Agricultural Policy structural funds (second pillar of CAP) between different objectives in particular macroregions corresponds to the regional differentiation of rural areas and agriculture in Poland. Policy objectives were identified according to RDP 2014-2020 priorities. Six macroregions have been adopted at regional level NUTS-1. In order to determine whether the directions of distribution correspond to regional variation, the linear correlation coefficient was calculated. The coefficient describes the correlation between synthetic variables describing the level of rural and agricultural development in macroregions of Poland and regional allocations of funds for rural development and agriculture in Poland in the years 2004-2013 according to the RDP 2014-2020 priorities. The results show the presence of moderate linear dependence or lack of it between the variables tested. This means that the previous division of CAP structural funds only partially took into account the regional differentiation of rural and agricultural areas.
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Kazakevich, P. P., and V. V. Azarenko. "90th Anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus: role and results of agrarian science." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 56, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2018-56-4-391-400.
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Agrarian science in general and a number of agrarian scientists were at the forefront of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. Researches and knowledge in the field of this science in the republic originated in the last third of the XVIII century. Their formation was accelerated by occurrence of Gory-Goretskaya agricultural school 180 years ago in Mogilev province and of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (Inbelkult) in 1922, which gave start to the Academy of Sciences in 1928. It also included agricultural research institutes, which in 1940 made up 30 % of the total number of research institutions in the BSSR. In 1957–2002 agrarian science was united by the sectoral Academy. In 2002 it was included into the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus again, Department of Agrarian Sciences was created which included 25 research organizations, 7 agricultural and 2 industrial enterprises. Today, agricultural knowledge is formed by the structural sub-divisions of the Agrarian Sciences Division of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, other scientific organizations of the Academy, and their joint researches. There are five leading research and production centers for arable farming, livestock breeding, potato and fruit-and-vegetable farming, mechanization of agriculture and foodstuffs, which combined specialized research all the areas of the country's agro-industrial complex and to strengthening the country's agrarian economy. Agrarian scientists have established close relations with colleagues in many countries of the world, but the closest relations have been established with Russian research institutes: a number of research and technical programs have been implemented within the framework of the Union State of Belarus and Russia. There are many famous people among Belarusian agrarians being highly appreciated by the state. Thus, agrarian science of the Republic of Belarus has passed a serious stage of development throughout its history, retaining connection and tradition of several generations of scientists of fundamental importance for research work in the XXI century.
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Dhakal, Roshan, Ritesh Kumar Jha, Rita Khadka, Roshan Koirala, and Rojina Neupane. "Role of Female in Agriculture Related to Work Performance and Decision Making in Madi, Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.21170.
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This research is a study to examine whether a “feminization of agriculture” has occurred in the study area through the household survey of the local farming system and the gendered division of agricultural labour and managerial responsibilities at Madi, Chitwan in 2018. According to the household survey (n=60), a strong gendered division of agricultural works exist in this area, thus men and women have clear responsibilities and restrictions. In activities like ploughing, irrigating, threshing and applying chemical fertilizer, men are mostly participated whereas in the most of the other activities like weeding, sowing, collecting firewood, collecting fodder, hoeing, manuring, milking, female are mostly involved. Average of about 208 rupees is paid higher to men than female in some agriculture works. Through the use of various fieldwork methods, it was observed that that women in some cases have to take on tasks that are generally considered “men’s work”. Although women are in charge of various managerial decisions related to the agricultural production, any major decisions are still controlled by men. The real influence of women as decision makers can therefore be questioned. The effects of different factors like caste, education and training has been analyzed which showed that with the increase of education and training, feminization in decision making role is increased. But if women get more work and just involved in the feminization of labour and no influence in decision-making processes the “feminization of agriculture” will be just a female exploitation not a feminization.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 207-214
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MESHRAM, NARESH M., STUTI RAI, N. N. RAJGOPAL, and N. RAMYA. "Two new species of tribe Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) with note on intraspecific variations." Zootaxa 4378, no. 3 (February 8, 2018): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.11.
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Two new species of leafhoppers, Durgades sineprocessus sp. nov. (From Himachal Pradesh: Kalpa) and Japanagallia dolabra sp. nov. (From Sikkim: Lachung) from India, are described and illustrated. Photographic illustrations of Durgades aviana Viraktamath and a detailed note on intraspecific variation in male genitalia of Austroagallia sinuata (Mulsant & Rey) are also provided. Material is deposited in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India.
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Nugrahayuningtyas, Alifa, and Ekawati Sri Wahyuni. "Peran Gender dalam Perekonomian Rumah Tangga Petani pada Masyarakat Adat." Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 2, no. 5 (September 3, 2019): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.2.5.581-602.
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Ethnic communities in Indonesia mostly live in rural areas by making use of natural resources and agriculture as the main livelihood. The typical ordinance determines the gender division of labour carried out ethnic communities on the farming system. One of the ethnic communities in Central Java who live in rural areas and make use of natural resources for agricultural activity is community Samin. The purpose of this research, in general, is to analyzing the pattern of the division of gender roles in the household economy of the farmers in the indigenous communities. The research uses quantitative methods supported by qualitative methods. The research shows the principle of the sareng-sareng (together) is used on the farmer households in sedulur sikep. Division of labor in farmers houseolds of communities sedulur sikep is more flexible compared to the division of labor in farmers household of non sedulur sikep because work is done mostly in agriculture that makes it easy to switch roles in the division of laborKeywords: Ethnic communities, farming households, gender ABSTRAK Komunitas etnis di Indonesia sebagian besar hidup di daerah pedesaan dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam dan menjadikan pertanian sebagai mata pencaharian utama. Tata cara yang khas menentukan pembagian kerja gender yang dilakukan komunitas etnis pada sistem pertanian. Salah satu komunitas etnis di Jawa Tengah yang hidup di pedesaan serta memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam untuk aktivitas pertanian adalah komunitas Samin. Tujuan penelitian ini secara umum yaitu menganalisis pola pembagian peran gender dalam perekonomian rumah tangga petani di masyarakat adat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif didukung dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip sareng-sareng (bersama-sama) digunakan pada rumah tangga petani di sedulur sikep. Pekerjaan yang dilakukan sedulur sikep sebagian besar di bidang pertanian memudahkan untuk penggantian peran dalam pembagian kerja sehingga pembagian kerja rumah tangga petani di komunitas sedulur sikep lebih fleksibel dibandingkan dengan pembagian kerja rumah tangga petani di non sedulur sikep.Kata Kunci : Gender, komunitas etnis, rumah tangga petani
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Wiśniewski, Łukasz, Robert Perdał, and Roman Rudnicki. "Proposed method for delimiting spatial structure on the example of agriculture types in Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 49, no. 49 (July 24, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0020.
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AbstractThis work presents the results of research on the identification of types of Polish agriculture. Polish gminas (the third-order administrative division of the country sometimes referred to as “communes” or “municipalities”, until 2016 – according to Local Administrative Units – LAU level 2) have been divided into three types, characterised by low, medium or high levels of agricultural development, with 10 sub-types. A multi-stage typological procedure was used, employing two classification methods: k-mean cluster analysis and the random forest method. Twelve diagnostic attributes were used that comprehensively characterise Polish agriculture. The results show the diversity of this sector of the economy, which should be taken into account when planning its future development.
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Kisielińska, Joanna. "Ranking województw ze względu na potencjał rolnictwa." Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 104, no. 1 (May 17, 2017): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2017.104.1.4.
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The aim of the research presented in the article was to compare the potential of agriculture in voivodships and to evaluate the changes in the potential in the period from 2006 to 2014. The evaluation was based on rankings prepared with the use of selected methods of linear ordering developed according to the effectiveness and potential of agricultural production, not its size. With the use of rankings similarity measure the best rankings were selected for both years. Synthetic variables they were based on were then used to distinguish typological classes. A division into five groups based on mean and standard deviation was proposed.
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Liu, Yu, Yu Chun Pan, and Yan Min Ren. "Land Reclamation Division of the Area along the JingCheng Expressway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1182.
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In order to provide the decision-making basis for making the land reclamation planning along the JingCheng expressway, this article takes 587 administrative villages along the JingCheng expressway as the assessment units, constructs the technical methods of the land reclamation division along the expressway in terms of the reclamation potential, reclamation ability and reclamation urgency, determines the weight and calculates the integrated assessment value by Delphi method and divides the research area into the preferential reclamation area, key reclamation area and reclamation area which is not suitable for reclamation recently by using the space self-organizing network model. This research is helpful for boosting the orderly reclamation of the farmland along the expressway and accelerating the modern agricultural development of the area along the expressway.
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Golder, PC, RK Sastry, and K. Srinivas. "Research priorities in Bangladesh: analysis of crop production trends." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 11, no. 1 (March 19, 2014): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18375.
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Agriculture in Bangladesh is at a stage where there is a need for research priority setting. Given the physical, financial and human resource base, there is a need for proper allocation of these resources for higher and sustainable growth in production and productivity. On the other hand, resource allocation is needed to be distributed based on the commodity and regional importance. The study generates indices of research priorities for the crop sector of Bangladesh in terms of commodities and regions keeping in view the national developmental goals. Growth rates were calculated and compared share of different sectors, commodities were used to determine the priorities which is basically initial base of the congruence analysis method. Literature survey was carried out to understand the priorities at different point of times given the grand realities based on the secondary data. Division wise share analysis was done to determine the regional priority. The study concludes and emphasizes the need for (a) the increased allocation in agricultural research (b) strengthening of rice research activities (c) proportional allocation of research budget for pulses, oilseeds, cash crops, fruits and vegetables, (d) reduction of improper trade balance in export-import, and (e) regional importance for research resource allocation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18375 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 53-70 (2013)
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Khajuria, Sonia. "Inter-District Variations in Agricultural Productivity of Jammu Division of Jammu & Kashmir." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36432.
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Jammu and Kashmir is primarily an agrarian state. Around 80 percent of its population is engaged in this sector. The state has huge variation in its agro-climate diversity as Jammu region has a subtropical and Kashmir has temperate climate. These variations make it idyllic for performing varied cultivation. The present research paper is an attempt to analyze the variations in agricultural productivity of major crops at the district level in the Jammu division for the period 2010-11 to 2016-17. The results show tremendous variations in the productivity of the crop sector across districts. The districts of the Jammu region have depicted very low productivity and wide variations across the districts. The variations in the productivity level of the major crops of the Jammu region have been found mainly in the hilly areas like Kishtwar, Doda, Poonch and Reasi thus depicting wheat and maize as the staple food of these districts. These variations at district level has indicated the need for evolving specific strategies at the district level for ensuring sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth in a state consequently in the country.
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Łuniewski, Łukasz, and Barbara Gołębiewska. "SOURCES OF FINANCING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN DAIRY FARMS WITH DIFFERENT SCALES OF COW REARING." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIII, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0029.
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The aim of the research was to evaluate the sources of financing agricultural activities in farms specialized in milk production. The subject of research was a group of family farms located in the Podlaskie and Mazowieckie voivodeships (provinces). The criterion for farm division was the number of cows in the basic herd. There was also an assessment of the most important factors conducive to the development of dairy farms. To do so, the opinions of dairy farmers were used, and their views in this regard were expressed on a five-point Likert scale. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 farms in 2021. The interpretation of the results was made in relation to the criterion adopted in the division of farms into quartiles. It was found that the main source of financing activities in dairy farms was own funds. The highest share of farms using commercial loans was in the group of farms with the largest number of cows. With an increase in the number of cows in a herd, the area of farms increased, which is understandable due to the need to produce roughage. The most important factors influencing the development possibilities of agricultural holdings were the uninterrupted collection of raw material and a stable milk purchase price, which guaranteed the farmers’ financial liquidity.
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Taranets, T. A. "EXPERT APPROACH TO DIVISION OF LAND PLOTS IN ACCORD WITH CO-OWNER SHARES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.52.
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This article considers the issue of determining possibility and procedure for division of land plots (shares) of different ownership forms and their use by physical and legal persons while performing forensic examinations and expert research. Normative legal acts regulating issues of establishing the boundary and exploitation of land plots (shares) are presented. Analysis of questions of forensic land technical examination and expert researches concerning the possibility of performing divisions of land plots (shares) is given. At that it is indicated that while performing research on division of land plots (shares), a forensic expert should take into account that the physical size of a plot (share) does not coincide with its size in the conditional cadastral hectares, all the land plots (shares) of farms (enterprises) have the same value and size in conditional cadastral hectares; the physical size of plots (shares) depends on soil (ground) quality. Soil (ground) quality is determined by quality of locality score; soils of the same name holding have the same quality of locality score throughout natural and agricultural area. At the same time, the portions size of land plots (shares) of co-owners is calculated in proportion to their shares in the ownership of the land plot (share). Conditional portion size of land plot (share) of co-owner is defined as the sum of the areas of agricultural production groups of grounds located on this part of share, in qualitative terms, which is calculated by the method of approximation to its part in the "average portion" of the share per holding (enterprise). This calculation method can be performed using specialized software such as a computer program for creating digital maps and plans, processing geodetic measurements and preparing land use documentation Delta/Digitals.
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Wen, Yaping, Liangming Feng, and Weiping Liu. "Behavioral Ability and Division of Forestry Production of Households——Data From Fujian Province in China." E3S Web of Conferences 214 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021401009.
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Division of labor can increase labor productivity. Compared with the division of agricultural production, the division of forestry production has a typical positive externality. It is more scientific to study the division of labor in forestry production. Under the “Three Powers Separated” structure, the behavioral capacity of farmers has an important influence on the division of forestry production. This paper uses the survey data of farmers in Fujian Province to analyze the farmer’s forestry production division of labor behavior from three perspectives of the behavioral ability, the transaction ability and the disposal ability. The results show that the variable of “the contracting right is more important than the management right” in the measure exclusive ability and the difficulty in obtaining transaction information on forestlands to measure the trading capacity, both positively affects farmers’ participation in the division of forestry production. Meanwhile, whether has changed the use of forestlands negatively influences the division of the forestry production. This not only enriches the research results of the forestry production division of labor theory, but also provides a new perspective for promoting the development of the forestry production division of farmers, and thus provides a new source for improving the efficiency of forestry management. It helps promote the connection between small farmers and the development of modern forestry.
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Rahayu, Yuyun Puji, Maria Magdalena Semet, and Suryna Paembang. "Reposition of GRDP Sectors Before and After Regional Division in Manokwari." JEJAK 12, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i2.21289.
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Regional expansion could be a strength to improve the performance of local governments and subsequently should have a positive impact, such as improving the welfare of the local community. Regional expansion also aims to make governments at regional level to be more focused on escalating potential sectors in their regions. This study analyzes the repositioning of the GRDP contributing sector before and after expansion between two regency regions in 2010-2017, one parental Regency and one area that is separated from its parental. Repositioned sectors show the influence of an area in terms of its wealth of the resources as basis sector. The research method uses Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share analysis. Results of this study show that before and after expansion of districts into new regency, agricultural sector has declined in the contribution of GRDP. But after the expansion, the sectors with the best economic performance are the construction, administration and trade & repair sectors. In addition, agricultural sector to some extent has been decreased in the two regions. But at the same time, agricultural sector become leading sector in the new region with slow growth. Implication of this study is that the division of regions would not create new leading sector if the potential sector in a new region is the leading sector in the older region. Therefore, policy making which ensure basic sectors to have positive proportional shift and differential shift could drive economic development planning in both regions.
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Huang, Zichen, Lok Wai Jacky Tsay, Tomoo Shiigi, Xunyue Zhao, Hiroaki Nakanishi, Tetsuhito Suzuki, Yuichi Ogawa, and Naoshi Kondo. "A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071981.
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Quadcopters are beginning to play an important role in precision agriculture. In order to localize and operate the quadcopter automatically in complex agricultural settings, such as a greenhouse, a robust positioning system is needed. In previous research, we developed a spread spectrum sound-based local positioning system (SSSLPS) with a 20 mm accuracy within a 30 × 30 m greenhouse area. In this research, a noise tolerant SSSLPS was developed and evaluated. First, the acoustic noise spectrum emitted by the quadcopter was documented, and then the noise tolerance properties of SSSounds were examined and tested. This was done in a greenhouse with a fixed quadcopter (9.75 N thrust) with the positioning system mounted on it. The recorded quadcopter noise had a broadband noise compared to the SSSound. Taking these SSSound properties into account, the noise tolerance of the SSSLPS was improved, achieving a positioning accuracy of 23.2 mm and 31.6 mm accuracy within 12 × 6 m for both Time-division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency-division Multiple Access (FDMA) modulation. The results demonstrate that the SSSLPS is an accurate, robust positioning system that is noise tolerant and can used for quadcopter operation even within a small greenhouse.
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Pavlidis, Teoharis, Milena Ilieva, Sonja Bencheva, and Jordanka Stancheva. "Researches on wood-destroying fungi division Ascomycota, classis Ascomycetes." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 109 (2005): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0519143p.
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Orchards aging and agrotechnical cares reduction have led to suitable development conditions of a large number of wood-destroying fungi that had never been a problem for the intensive fruit growing. This caused the necessity of their study in the main orchard regions of our country. The research was conducted from 2003 to 2005 on the basis of expeditionary-geographical method. Twelve species of wood destroying Ascomycota fungi have been identified. Both their parasitic activity degree and phylogenetic and ontogenetic specialization level have been defined. Species with mutual hosts - fruit or forest trees have been found. That fact makes possible the infection accumulation and transfer from forest to agricultural ecosystems which is of considerable importance for the mountain fruit growing.
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Khadka, Dinesh, Sushil Lamichhane, Keshav Shrestha, Sushila Joshi, Manoj Karna, Buddhi B. Pant, and Surendra Yadav. "Soil Fertility Assessment and Mapping of Agricultural Research Station, Jaubari, Illam, Nepal." International Journal of Environment 6, no. 3 (August 24, 2017): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v6i3.18097.
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Soil fertility evaluation is a prerequisite factor for sustainable planning of a particular region. Considering this, a study was conducted to determine the soil fertility status of the Agricultural Research Station, Jaubari, Illam, Nepal. In total, 78 soil samples were collected using soil sampling auger randomly from a depth of 0-20 cm. The texture, pH, OM, N, P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn status of the samples were analyzed in the laboratory of Soil Science Division, Khumaltar by following standard analytical methods. The soil fertility maps of the observed parameters were prepared through Arc-GIS 10.1 software. The observed data revealed that soil was brown (10YR 4/3), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) in colour, and the structure was granular. Similarly, the sand, silt and clay content were 53.84±1.06%, 34.34±0.83% and 11.82±0.47%, respectively and were indicated as sandy loam and loam in texture. The soil was very acidic (pH 3.85±0.04), and very low in available boron (0.26±0.06mg/kg) and available sulphur (0.59±0.15mg/kg). The available calcium (188.7±31.30mg/kg), available magnesium (50.98±5.0mg/kg) and available manganese (5.16±0.90mg/kg) were low. Likewise, available potassium (110.91±7.30mg/kg), available zinc (1.19±0.31mg/kg) and available copper (0.95±0.05mg/kg) content were medium. Similarly, organic matter (7.88±0.32%), total nitrogen (0.27±0.01%) and available phosphorus (36.53±5.66mg/kg) were high, and available iron (39.5±2.17 mg/kg) was very high. International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-6, Issue-3, Jun-Aug 2017, page: 46-70
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September, Joice Prasasty, Entin Hidayah, and Gusfan Halik. "Assessment and Optimization of Water Division Pattern in Sampean Baru Irrigation Area." UKaRsT 5, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v5i1.1366.
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Recently, agricultural production in the Sampean Baru Irrigation area has not shown optimal cropping production. The average percentage of planted areas in the first (November-February),second (March-June), and third (July-October) planting seasons for the upstream area was 93.67%; 98.02%, and 76.76%, and for the downstream area was 83.54%; 80.81%; and 89.36%. This research aims to optimize the water distribution system based on the calculation of water requirements for plants and the availability of channels to obtain the maximum planting area and amount of agricultural production. This optimization method uses a Dynamic Program with three scenarios. This calculation is based on effective rainfall, crop water requirements, and water discharge availability. Percentage of planted area obtained from the calculation in the dry year for the first, second, and third planting seasons respectively were 100%, 100%, and 90.36%. Based on the existing condition, potential profit obtained for a year is Rp. 170.08 billion. After optimization using Dynamic Program, potential profit in the dry year, normal year, and wet year are IDR 213.52 billion, IDR 215.92 billion, and IDR 228.50 billion, respectively.
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Śleszyński, Przemysław. "Mapa towarowości rolnictwa w Koncepcji Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju 2030 = Map of agricultural commodity in the National Spatial Development Concept 2030." Studia Obszarów Wiejskich 57 (2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/sow.57.5.
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The article presents a map, which was compiled in 2009 in cooperation with Prof. Roman Kulikowski for the National Spatial Development Concept 2030. It concerns the inclusion of agricultural commodities in connection with natural conditions for the development of this sector of economy. For the typology, a division into the following classes was proposed: in terms of the quality of agricultural production space: A – up to 45 points, B – 45.1 to 60 points, C – above 60 points and in terms of commodity quality per 1 ha of agricultural land: 1 – up to 1,000 PLN, 2 – 1,000 up to 2,000 PLN, 3 – above 2,000 PLN. It has been shown that in Poland there is no stronger interdependence between natural conditions and agricultural commercialization. The resulting typology was further used to show changes within particular 9 distinguished types in terms of total population and post-productive age in agglomeration (suburban) and non-agglomeration areas. A disturbing phenomenon of relatively fast depopulation and ageing of the population in areas with good natural conditions for the development of agricultural function was detected. If this is not related to agrarian overpopulation, it is a serious obstacle to the desired transformations in Polish agriculture. Typology of communes, due to natural conditions and agricultural commodities may be useful for research on the processes taking place in rural areas presenting diverse development level.
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Jasin, Johan. "THE AGREEMENT FOR THE RESULTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVE OF GORONTALO." Indonesia Prime 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29209/id.v1i1.5.
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The agreement for the results of the agricultural land in Indonesia, it is a custom, not affected by globalization that prioritizes a written document. This custom interesting to be listened to with a focus on description form, contents and implementation.
The study of this nature is a socio legal research using an approach of philosophical sociology and law, who viewed the practice of overriding high society, while the primary data source is the custom figures as informants and the secondary data source is legislation, literature and research results. The data collected is analyzed using qualitative techniques.
The results showed that: the agreements for agricultural land results in Gorontalo, between landowners and tenants are conducted orally, in which the rights and obligations of each party, the risks, the length of time, and forms the Division results depend on both sides negotiating with upholding the values of trust, honesty, sense of community and tradition. As for how the Division according to the custom are: (a) the seasonal crops such as maize, the landowner has a third section while the tenants enjoy the accounting section; (b) the perennials such as bananas, the respective parties (owners and tenants) got equal parts namely ½ part; (c) the annual plants such as coconut, accounting (2/3) is part of the rights of landowners, while tenants obtain one third (1/3), parts.
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Hodge, Bernadette D., Sue Ackerman, Carol Evans, Tara Erb, and Mary Lou Wranesh Cook. "An Occupational Health Nursing Education Program." AAOHN Journal 50, no. 6 (June 2002): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990205000606.
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A collaborative effort between community health faculty in an upper division nursing program and nurses from a nearby agricultural health and research center resulted in an educational program focused on occupational health and safety issues in the agricultural industry. The 3 hour class was presented each semester between 1997 and 1999 to RN students enrolled in a community health organization class. In addition to information about the health and safety hazards in agriculture, the nursing students learned about the center's research projects and clinical services available to the farming community. A follow up survey was mailed to the nursing students to evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of the occupational health program by identifying the proportion of the nurses' caseloads spent on occupational health problems, and whether the information and materials presented in the class were relevant to practice. Results showed that even though the surveyed nurses were employed in nonoccupational practice settings, nearly everyone rated the occupational health information as useful. Findings also revealed that although nurses in nonoccupational practice can spend nearly a quarter of their time caring for clients with work related health problems, they may lack adequate educational preparation to do so.
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Stacherzak, Agnieszka, and Maria Hełdak. "Borough Development Dependent on Agricultural, Tourism, and Economy Levels." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020415.
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The study addresses the problem of functional transformations covering rural and urban-rural municipalities in Lower Silesia voivodship, according to the adopted functional typology of municipalities. The division of municipalities into functional types is a continuation of the research conducted in 1996, 2005, and 2010. The year 2016 was adopted as the base year for comparison, using the same criteria for their classification: the level of industrialization, the structure of the economy, and the level of tourist infrastructure development. The statistical analysis carried out within the framework of the study covered changes in the municipalities’ proportions of particular functional types between 1996, 2005, and 2016 and also the impact assessment of the quality of agricultural area and unemployment rate in relation to the determined municipality type. In order to obtain the research results, the statistical analysis using Cochran’s Q test was, among others, performed to determine changes in the proportions of municipalities and also one-way analysis of variance between groups was conducted to establish the indicated correlations. In the case of obtaining a statistically significant result, paired comparisons were carried out (between the types of municipalities) using Hommel’s procedure. The conducted analysis confirmed the adopted research theses, i.e., in the studied period from 1996 to 2016, the majority of the analyzed regions lost their agricultural function in favor of the industrial function.
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MESHRAM, NARESH M., STUTI STUTI, and TAHSEEN RAZA HASHMI. "First record of the leafhopper genus Xenovarta Viraktamath (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) from India with description of a new species." Zootaxa 4532, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.3.9.
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The genus Xenovarta Viraktamath is recorded from India for the first time and Xenovarta viraktamathi sp. nov. from India is described and illustrated. Materials are deposited in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. A key to species of the genus are provided, with molecular evidence of the specimen in the form of partial mtCOI sequences.
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Péterfalvi, Nóra, Boglárka Keller, and Marianna Magyar. "PM10 emission from crop production and agricultural soils." Agrokémia és Talajtan 67, no. 1 (June 2018): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.10.
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The emission of particulate matter from agricultural sources is a worldwide environmental issue due to health concerns. The main factors influencing PM10 emission from crop production are the origin of particles, the physical and chemical properties of soils, meteorological conditions, and the mechanical impacts of farm operations. Several studies have been made to determine PM10 emission factors for tillage operations, but these emission factors varied depending on soil properties, especially soil texture and water content, and environmental conditions (e.g. relative humidity, and variability in wind speed and direction). This is why the use of a single emission factor for a given tillage operation is inadequate. To estimate the yearly amount of PM10 emitted from agricultural soils and crop production, emissions originating from different sources at different temporal division must be summarized. Because 56 % of the total territory of Hungary is cropland, relatively high PM10 emission occurs from crop production and agricultural soils. If this is to be reduced, research should focus on the identification of soil and environmental properties related to PM10 emission on characteristic Hungarian soils.
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HOLOVANOVA, Hanna. "EXPORT ORIENTATION AND COMBINATION OF BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-35.
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The research is devoted to substantiation of theoretical, methodological and practical principles of managing the process of combining agrarian industries. Its practical importance lies in the formulation and implementation of an export-oriented strategy for agricultural enterprises. One of the key factors of increasing agricultural export potential is the sectoral structure of agriculture. The strategic orientation of agricultural enterprises to the foreign market actualizes the combination of agricultural production within one economic unit, and therefore raises the issue of production specialization. Within the framework of scientific analysis of the diversification degree of production activity in accordance with reasonable specialization, deepening of integration processes and cooperation of activity, the agricultural enterprises typology by specialization criterion has been proposed by allocating deeply specialized, specialized and non-specialized enterprises on the basis of setting the parameters of their division of enterprise production market potential and its products. The indicators system of the specialization level of agricultural enterprises, the efficiency criterion of agricultural production specialization are presented. The comparing method the effectiveness of several specialization options in the long run is presented. Strategic directions of rationalization of export orientation processes on the basis of effective commodity specialization and combination of agrarian enterprises branches are revealed. The conclusion is made that the choice of the optimal export-oriented strategy of agricultural enterprises should be evaluated taking into account the advantages of combining the agricultural production branches, their successful combination, adequacy to regional natural and climatic conditions of management. This will allow to realize the influence of agro-climatic and agro-technological potential on the products quality, will provide enterprise competitive advantages by reducing the production cost, which in turn will allow to win price competition in the market. Keywords: agricultural enterprises, specialization, agricultural production, export orientation, competitive advantages.
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Aashifa, M. A. R., and P. Loganathan. "Preliminary Studies on Existing Scenario of Selected Soil Property in Cheddikulam DS Division Vavuniya, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Environment 5, no. 4 (January 13, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v5i4.16389.
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This study was conducted to quantify the spatial variability of soil properties, use this information to produce accurate map by means of ordinary kriging and find the ways to reclaim the problem soil and make suggestions to cultivate the crop variety which is suitable for the existing soil property.70 sampling points were selected for that research using stratified random sampling method. Stratification was based on the type of land cover, and following land cover patterns were identified forest patches, agriculture land patches, grass land patches and catchments. Sampling points were randomly selected from each land cover types. Minimum distance between two adjacent sampling points was 500m. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, exchangeable K, available P. In each location, soils were collected from top to - 30 cm depth (root zone) using a core sampler and sub soil samples were collected around the geo-reference point to obtain a composite sample. Geostatistical tool of the software (ArcGIS 10.2.2. trail version) was used to construct semi-variograms and spatial structure analysis for the variables. Geostatistical estimation had done by kriging. 13% of agriculture land area was acidic soil and 5.7% alkaline soil. 13% of agriculture land area was identified as saline soil. 67.11% of agriculture lands contain more phosphorous concentration than the optimum range. 3.4% agriculture lands contain higher potassium concentration than the optimum range. 98% of forest lands and 100% of grass lands contains phosphorous concentration higher than the optimum range. But forest lands and catchments shows lower level of potassium concentration. 22% of grass lands contain higher potassium than the optimum level. Agriculture practices leads to change in the soil hence identified soil problems should be reclaimed in order to maintain the fertility of soil for sustainable production. Proper management of soil can be a better solution for supporting the successful agricultural activity of community in future and socio-economic development of this region.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2016, page : 1-11
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HAYAT, MOHAMMAD, F. R. KHAN, and S. M. A. BADRUDDIN. "Type depositories of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) species described from the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India." Zootaxa 2786, no. 1 (March 9, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2786.1.1.
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The type specimens of 717 chalcidoid species described by taxonomists from the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India, and their depositories are tabulated. Table 1 lists the holotypes and other type specimens of the species deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, England (BMNH), National Zoological Collections, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India (NZSI), Forest Entomology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India (FRI), National Pusa Collections, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India (NPC), and the Insect Collection, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India (ZDAMU). The holotypes and lectotypes of 700 species are distributed as follows: BMNH (175), NZSI (34), FRI (28), NPC (131), and ZDAMU (332). The holotypes of 17 species could not be located in ZDAMU, but all of these species are represented by paratypes. A further 23 species whose types are not located in ZDAMU are listed in Table 2.
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Kaliński, Kamil, Roman Rudnicki, and Katarzyna Wilczyńska. "AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS AS BENEFICIARIES OF AREA AND OPERATIONAL PAYM ENTS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION IN POLAND IN THE PERIOD OF 2007-2013." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2080.
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The aim of the article was to assess the spatial diversity of payments of European Union assistance programmes implemented in the financial period of 2007-2013, which were directed to farms, as well as the assessment of the structure of these funds. It was shown that as much as PLN 121.2 billion – nearly 25.6% of the total – were distributed to the above-mentioned group of beneficiaries. The analysis was based on amounts of the obtained payments, including their division, as proposed by the authors, into area payments (dependent on the current subsidy rates per 1 ha of agricultural acreage) and operational payments (related to the implementation of specific aid measures within the CAP), with a breakdown into four absorption directions by the established groups of endogenous features of agriculture. A number of indicators and the cartogram method were used. The studies have demonstrated that the structure of these funds is dominated by area payments (77%), which are egalitarian, independent from the implementation of specific modernisation projects, applicable to all agricultural holdings and related to the agricultural acreage in good agricultural condition and the area of crops subject to the relevant payment. Besides the analysis of the spatial diversification of the above-mentioned payments by voivodships and counties, the research was guided towards the assessment of the relation between area and operational payments (Polish average 0.30), assuming that the share of the latter – given the impact of the EU funds – plays a decisive role in the modernisation of agriculture.
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Orr, James A., Rolf D. Vinebrooke, Michelle C. Jackson, Kristy J. Kroeker, Rebecca L. Kordas, Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle, Paul J. Van den Brink, et al. "Towards a unified study of multiple stressors: divisions and common goals across research disciplines." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1926 (May 6, 2020): 20200421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0421.
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Anthropogenic environmental changes, or ‘stressors’, increasingly threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Multiple-stressor research is a rapidly expanding field of science that seeks to understand and ultimately predict the interactions between stressors. Reviews and meta-analyses of the primary scientific literature have largely been specific to either freshwater, marine or terrestrial ecology, or ecotoxicology. In this cross-disciplinary study, we review the state of knowledge within and among these disciplines to highlight commonality and division in multiple-stressor research. Our review goes beyond a description of previous research by using quantitative bibliometric analysis to identify the division between disciplines and link previously disconnected research communities. Towards a unified research framework, we discuss the shared goal of increased realism through both ecological and temporal complexity, with the overarching aim of improving predictive power. In a rapidly changing world, advancing our understanding of the cumulative ecological impacts of multiple stressors is critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Identifying and overcoming the barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge exchange is necessary in rising to this challenge. Division between ecosystem types and disciplines is largely a human creation. Species and stressors cross these borders and so should the scientists who study them.
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MESHRAM, NARESH M., MOGILI RAMAIAH, P. R. SHASHANK, and STUTI. "New record of the genus Baseprocessa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) from India with description of a new species." Zootaxa 4999, no. 5 (July 14, 2021): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.5.6.
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The coelidiinae leafhopper genus Baseprocessa Fan & Li is newly recorded from India based on the description of B. patkaensis Meshram sp. nov. and a proposed new combination, B. serratispatulata (Viraktamath & Meshram) comb. nov. Materials are deposited in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. Photographic illustrations, checklist and key to species of this genus along with a distribution map are also provided.
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Foryś, Iwona, and Ewa Putek–Szeląg. "Stability of Land Structure of Agricultural Properties Sold by the Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych in Szczecin." Real Estate Management and Valuation 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2013-0016.
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Abstract Trading in agricultural land in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (a high-level administrative subdivision of Poland) is strictly connected with the local activity of the ANR (Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych - Agricultural Market Agency), which is the effect of historical problems concerning the ownership of arable land left over from the communist era. In effect, the Polish State Treasury is still in charge of managing state-owned farmland and, therefore, plays an important role in shaping local agricultural land markets. The study includes all the sale transactions concluded by the Szczecin division of the ANR in the Zachodniopomorskie gminas. The subjects of the study are lands described by quantitative variables, such as: property size, location, date of sale and sale price. The purpose of the study was to define the structure of agricultural land sold by the ANR. The authors verified their research hypothesis concerning the stability of land structure over time of the agricultural land being sold.
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Hoque, MA, and MA Hossain. "Design and development of a turmeric polisher." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i2.37986.
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Dried turmeric rhizomes are generally polished to remove the outer dirty skins, roots and soil, and to transform them to relatively smooth, bright and yellowish rhizomes. In farm level, turmeric polishing is carried out manually following conventional methods, which are slow, tedious and labor-intensive operation. To overcome these problems, a medium-size turmeric polisher was designed and fabricated in Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering (FMPE) Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during 2013–14. Length, width and height of the polisher were 1040 mm, 850 mm and 1450 mm, respectively. Weight of the turmeric polisher was 90 kg. A 0.37-kW single-phase induction-type electric motor was used as the source of power for operating the polisher. The polisher was tested in FMPE Division, Regional Spices Research Station (RSRS), Magura and Hill Agricultural Research Station (HARS), Khagrachari. The polisher took 25 minutes to polish a batch of 30 kg dried turmeric. The price of the polisher was Tk 30000. The average cost of polishing by the polisher was Tk 1.42 per kilogram turmeric against the hand beating polishing cost of Tk 5.12 per kilogram. The polisher can save 81% time and 78% cost of polishing than that of hand beating method. Payback period of the polisher is 97 hours. Therefore, the polisher can be recommended for turmeric polishing in Bangladesh as well as for other turmeric growing countries.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 303-308, August 2018
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Schaub. "Salient to Whom? The Positioning of German Political Parties on Agricultural Pollutants in Water Bodies." Water 11, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112278.
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Scholars have increasingly argued for an integration of policies on agriculture and water due to their strong interlinkage. The entry of agricultural pollutants into water represents one of the main pressures on Europe’s ground and surface waters. This not only poses a risk to the environment and human health but also jeopardizes meeting the targets set by the EU Water Framework Directive. Research on the political agenda setting has shown that issue salience is key for triggering policy change. Nevertheless, Germany has repeatedly failed to adopt adequate policy measures despite the salience of the issue among the German public and increasing pressure by the EU. In this study, I shed light on the positioning of political parties in Germany on agricultural pollutants to explain the absence of policy change. More specifically, I ask whether there is an ideological division between political parties that hampers the adoption of effective, integrated policy measures. A qualitative content analysis of election manifestos published between 1998 and 2018 finds that political parties’ policy positions are predominantly influenced by their placement on an environmental and an economic ideological dimension. As a result, political parties in Germany advocate conflictive policy approaches, which is detrimental to the adoption of effective policy measures.
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Turkoglu, Muammer, Muzaffer Aslan, Ali Arı, Zeynep Mine Alçin, and Davut Hanbay. "A multi-division convolutional neural network-based plant identification system." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (May 28, 2021): e572. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.572.
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Background Plants have an important place in the life of all living things. Today, there is a risk of extinction for many plant species due to climate change and its environmental impact. Therefore, researchers have conducted various studies with the aim of protecting the diversity of the planet’s plant life. Generally, research in this area is aimed at determining plant species and diseases, with works predominantly based on plant images. Advances in deep learning techniques have provided very successful results in this field, and have become widely used in research studies to identify plant species. Methods In this paper, a Multi-Division Convolutional Neural Network (MD-CNN)-based plant recognition system was developed in order to address an agricultural problem related to the classification of plant species. In the proposed system, we divide plant images into equal nxn-sized pieces, and then deep features are extracted for each piece using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). For each part of the obtained deep features, effective features are selected using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. Finally, the obtained effective features are combined and classification conducted using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Results In order to test the performance of the proposed deep-based system, eight different plant datasets were used: Flavia, Swedish, ICL, Foliage, Folio, Flower17, Flower102, and LeafSnap. According to the results of these experimental studies, 100% accuracy scores were achieved for the Flavia, Swedish, and Folio datasets, whilst the ICL, Foliage, Flower17, Flower102, and LeafSnap datasets achieved results of 99.77%, 99.93%, 97.87%, 98.03%, and 94.38%, respectively.
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Bayliss, K. L., J. M. Wroth, and W. A. Cowling. "Pro-embryos of Lupinus spp. produced from isolated microspore culture." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 5 (2004): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03226.
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Several species of lupin (Lupinus spp.) are grown in Australia as crop and pasture plants. Lupin breeding, and legume breeding in general, is constrained by the inability to produce doubled haploid (DH) plants, which would accelerate the selection and release of new varieties. This technology is still in the developmental phase for legumes, although other major grain crops such as wheat, barley, and canola successfully use DHs on a commercial scale. A new, reproducible method of microspore culture that leads to cell division and pro-embryos in lupin is reported here. Microspores at the late uninucleate stage of development are mechanically isolated from lupin buds and embryogenesis induced by a combined heat shock and sucrose starvation stress treatment. Addition of further components to the growth medium promotes division of up to 50% of microspores to ≥16 cells within 24 h. Further development of these multicellular structures or pro-embryos appears to be limited by the rigid outer exine layer, which needs to rupture for continued cell division to the globular embryo stage. Further research is required to break this barrier to development of haploid lupin embryos.
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Kocur-Bera, Katarzyna, and Adrian Pszenny. "Conversion of Agricultural Land for Urbanization Purposes: A Case Study of the Suburbs of the Capital of Warmia and Mazury, Poland." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142325.
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Population growth, economic globalization and the launch of market economy instruments have become the main triggers for processes related to the anthropogenization of space. According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) statistics, the developed area indication tripled in the last 25 years. Humans keep appropriating more natural and semi-natural areas, which entails specific social, economic and environmental consequences. Provisions in some countries’ laws and some economic factors encourage investors to engage in urbanization. The authors of this study noticed a research gap in the analysis of suburban areas in this topic. Our research aimed to analyze the conversion of plots of land used for agricultural purposes into urbanized land in the city’s suburban zone, in areas of high landscape and natural value. We focused on the analysis of geodetic and legal divisions of plots of land and analyzed the conditions of plots of land “ex ante” and “ex post” and the changes in their values. To achieve the research objective, we used Corine Land Cover (CLC) data for various time intervals, orthophotomaps (using the Web Map Service browsing service compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium standards), cadastral data, administrative decisions, data from the real estate market, spatial analyses and statistical modeling (linear, non-linear and stepwise regression). In general, the CLC data resolution enables analysis at regional or national levels. We used them innovatively at the local level because CLC data allowed us to notice the development of the area over time. Detailed research confirmed that, in the studied area, the conversion of agricultural land into developed areas results from economic factors. The division procedure increases the plot value by about 10%. However, the effects of uncontrolled urbanization, which we are currently dealing with, generate long term social and economic losses, difficulties in the labour market and may become a barrier to development.
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Stalker, L. A., D. C. Adams, and T. J. Klopfenstein. "Urea Inclusion in Distillers Dried Grains Supplements11Published with the approval of the director as Journal Series No. 14695, Nebraska Agricultural Research Division." Professional Animal Scientist 23, no. 4 (August 2007): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30993-1.
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WIJANARKO, WIJANARKO, and EDWARD ZUBIR. "RELATION OF THE FARMERS INOVATIVENESS LEVEL TO THE LEVEL OF ORGANIC PRACTICE SUSTAINABILITY IN SUNGAI RENGAS VILLAGE, SUNGAI KAKAP, KUBU RAYA, WEST KALIMANTAN." Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 5, no. 2 (January 3, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v5i2.17907.
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The success of agricultural development is strongly related to how far information of innovation reached the farmers. Here lies the importance of agricultural outreach communication by observing the level of farmers innovativeness in practicing organic cropping pattern. This research observes the relation between farmers innovativeness with the organic farming practice level of sustainability. The innovativeness variables being observed are the social-economy, individual and communication activities. Variables being observed in the organic farming practice is the implementation of organic farming principles such as over three years land conversion, usage of local seeds, the use of organic fertilizer, the use of non chemical pesticides and division of land and irrigation from the non-organic farming. This research was carried in the Sungai Rengas Villa, Sungai Kakap Sub-district, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan. The research employs explanatory research method, with data collection by survey. This research took samples of 36 respondents. Primary data in the research was collected through questionnaires accompanied by interviews to a number of organic farmer in Sungai Rengas Village, Sungai Kakap Sub-district, Kubu Raya District. Secondary data was taken from the local government institution (village/sub-district), Department of Lands, Agricultural and Plantation Office, or related statistical data accessible in the internet. After the data was collected, it was coded and input into SPSS.