Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agricultural residues

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural residues'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural residues"

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Kok, Hans. "Crops residue management and managing agricultural residues." Field Crops Research 47, no. 1 (1996): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(96)81477-8.

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Tan, Furong, Lin He, Qili Zhu, Yanwei Wang, Guoquan Hu, and Mingxiong He. "Characterization of different types of agricultural biomass and assessment of their potential for energy production in China." BioResources 14, no. 3 (2019): 6447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6447-6464.

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Agricultural residues are among the most important and abundant biomass resources in the world. This study aimed to highlight the characterization of common agricultural residues in China. Six indicators, including biomass, cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, caloric value, and ash, were selected to evaluate agricultural residue for its potential energy utilization using grey relational analysis. The results showed that residues of grain crops, including corn (439.1 million tons, 46.6%), rice (207.1 million tons, 21.5%), and wheat (150.7 million tons, 16.0%) were the top three agricultural residues, accounting for 84.1% of total Chinese agricultural residues. Among the agricultural residue samples, rice, wheat, and corn exhibited relatively low ash content; and sugarcane, cotton, and rape residue exhibited low lignin content. Rape, corn, and hemp showed higher cellulose content; and rice, wheat, and corn exhibited higher hemicellulose content. Among the agricultural residues, hemp, corn, and sugarcane showed higher caloric value compared to other residues. According to the grey relational analysis, these combined properties have shown that corn, rice, and wheat can act as potential candidates for energy utilization. The evaluation results were essentially identical to the performance of agricultural residues. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation of agricultural residues provides sound scientific evidence for their use in energy production.
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Wang, Zhi-Wei, Ting-Zhou Lei, Xiao-Yu Yan, Ying-Li Li, Xiao-Feng He, and Jin-ling Zhu. "Assessment and utilization of agricultural residue resources in Henan province, China." BioResources 7, no. 3 (2012): 3847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.3.3847-3861.

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Henan is the main agricultural province in China and is the top producer of wheat, representing 25% of the national wheat output. Henan has been the top province in terms of total food crop production since 2000. So, agricultural residue resources, which could provide material for future social and economic development, are abundant in Henan. But the province is facing critical problems from burning agricultural residues. Both efficient use and environmental protection of the resources are beginning to receive more attention. This study assessed the agricultural residue resources available for utilization and examined recent development targets in Henan. Agricultural residues were estimated for the base year 2009. Approximately 59.12 million tonnes of agricultural residues were consumed in various ways, and the average percentage of agricultural residue utilization was 70.07%. Agricultural residue is mainly used as a fertilizer, an energy source, industrial material, forage, and as feedstock for edible fungi. Short-term targets were provided for the development of suitable uses for agricultural residues through several demonstration projects, which will help to increase the efficient use of agricultural residue in Henan, China.
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Kok, Hans. "Managing agricultural residues." Field Crops Research 49, no. 1 (1996): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(96)90004-0.

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George, Donald A. "Permethrin and Its Two Metabolite Residues in Seven Agricultural Crops." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 6 (1985): 1160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.6.1160.

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Abstract Metabolite residues of permethrin are not reported in the literature for most agricultural crops. This paper reports residues of permethrin and its 2 metabolites (dichlorovinyl acid and metaphenoxybenzyl alcohol) in 7 different agricultural crops (Chinese cabbage, spinach, asparagus, raspberries, green peas, turnip roots, and turnip greens). Permethrin residues declined approximately 85% within 7 days after treatment in all crops. In most cases, the acid metabolite residues peaked at 3 days, and declined after that. Translocation of residues into turnip roots was very slight; the average was less than 0.05 ppm for permethrin and alcohol metabolite residues and none was detected for the acid metabolite residue. Permethrin residues in the turnip greens averaged approximately 2 ppm for the 0.112 kg ai/ha treatment, and 6 ppm for the 0.224 kg ai/ha treatment.
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Declercq, Bernard. "Residues—Good agricultural practice." Food Additives and Contaminants 6, sup001 (1989): S73—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652038909373760.

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Werther, J., M. Saenger, E. U. Hartge, T. Ogada, and Z. Siagi. "Combustion of agricultural residues." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 26, no. 1 (2000): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1285(99)00005-2.

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Sarkar, Sukamal, Milan Skalicky, Akbar Hossain, et al. "Management of Crop Residues for Improving Input Use Efficiency and Agricultural Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 9808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239808.

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Crop residues, the byproduct of crop production, are valuable natural resources that can be managed to maximize different input use efficiencies. Crop residue management is a well-known and widely accepted practice, and is a key component of conservation agriculture. The rapid shift from conventional agriculture to input-intensive modern agricultural practices often leads to an increase in the production of crop residues. Growing more food for an ever-increasing population brings the chance of fast residue generation. Ecosystem services from crop residues improve soil health status and supplement necessary elements in plants. However, this is just one side of the shield. Indecorous crop residue management, including in-situ residue burning, often causes serious environmental hazards. This happens to be one of the most serious environmental hazard issues witnessed by the agricultural sector. Moreover, improper management of these residues often restrains them from imparting their beneficial effects. In this paper, we have reviewed all recent findings to understand and summarize the different aspects of crop residue management, like the impact of the residues on crop and soil health, natural resource recycling, and strategies related to residue retention in farming systems, which are linked to the environment and ecology. This comprehensive review paper may be helpful for different stakeholders to formulate suitable residue management techniques that will fit well under existing farming system practices without compromising the systems’ productivity and environmental sustainability.
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Duca, Daniele, Vittorio Maceratesi, Sara Fabrizi, and Giuseppe Toscano. "Valorising Agricultural Residues through Pelletisation." Processes 10, no. 2 (2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020232.

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The agricultural sector and its related production chains are good sources of residual biomass. Olive and vineyard pruning residues are present in high quantities in Italy. The limited bulk and energy densities of these biomass materials affect the harvesting and logistic costs, limiting energy and environmental sustainability. Pelletisation is the most efficient process for increasing bulk and energy densities. This study evaluates the pelletisation process of olive and vineyard prunings, pure, or blended with variable quantities of spruce sawdust. A 15 kW pelletisation system was chosen, in line with production at the farm level. The most important quality parameters of the produced agripellets were analyzed. The results of this investigation suggest that blending could valorize other biomass materials less suitable for pelletisation and reach the pellet quality required by Italian technical standards. The addition of pruning residues to spruce sawdust leads to an improvement in durability. Spruce sawdust pellets have a durability value of 78.4%. Adding 20% of olive prunings (S80O20) increases this value to 92.2, while adding 20% vineyard prunings (S80V20) increases this value up to 90.3. The addition of 20% of pruning residues significantly increased the length and decreased fines.
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Akpahou, Romain, Marshet M. Admas, and Muyiwa S. Adaramola. "Evaluation of a bioenergy resource of agricultural residues and municipal solid wastes in Benin." AIMS Energy 12, no. 1 (2024): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2024008.

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<abstract> <p>Benin is one of the West African countries with low access to energy. Abundant residues are generated from different activities in Benin, most of which are not yet considered for energy generation. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential of bioenergy resources from agricultural residues and municipal solid waste (MSW) in Benin. Eleven (11) agricultural residues have been considered in the study and four of them with high bioenergy potential have been used in the Bioenergy and Food Security Rapid Appraisal (BEFS RA) tool to evaluate how much electricity could be generated from gasification and analyze the social and economic benefits that can be attained. We also introduce the residue-to-product approach and the NPV and IRR method to estimate the potential of agricultural residues and MSW and analyze the viability of generating electricity through the gasification process. Data for agricultural residues have been collected from Benin's Directorate of Agricultural Statistics governmental website and MSW data is estimated using World Bank data for 2012 and 2025. Our estimation shows that a total bioenergy potential of 142.63 PJ can be generated from agricultural residue and MSW in Benin produced in 2021. Agricultural residues are the highest contributor, contributing up to 98%. The bioenergy potential available for electricity generation is estimated at 85.6 PJ with maize the major contributor at 45%, followed by cotton and cassava residues at 17% and 13%, respectively. The BEFS RA simulation shows that 20, 849; 83, 395 and 208, 488 kWh per year can be generated from the available feedstock based on using 10, 40, and 100 kW plants respectively. Moreover, the net present value and the internal rate of return of all power plants are positive, showing the importance of investing in power generation through gasification systems. It is also important that future bioenergy projects include maize, cotton, and cassava residue as a priority for bioenergy generation since their energy potential appears to be higher than for other crops.</p> </abstract>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural residues"

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Moliner, Estopiñán Cristina Elia. "Valorisation of Agricultural Residues." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68495.

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[EN] The aim of the present PhD Thesis is to define, develop and evaluate a methodology for an improved and more sustainable management of waste, in particular agricultural residues, turning them into a new source of energy and into added value products. Particular attention is paid to the use of rice straw as an energy vector and as a precursor of silica-based compounds. The recovery of energy was carried through the gasification of biomass within a Spouted Bed Reactor. An initial definition of the main physico-chemical and thermal properties of the feed was performed. The design and operational parameters of the reactor were set according to the characteristics of the biomass. Due to the particular configuration of the reactor, its fluid dynamic properties were analysed in detail in a lab scale unit. The conditions of stability of the reactor and the prevention of segregation phenomena were studied. A scaled-up unit was used for the evaluation of the reactions of gasification of the different residues. The behaviour of the system was modelled at both fluid dynamic and thermo-chemical levels with the aid of different commercial softwares. Finally, a material valorisation was performed. The extraction of silica from the ashes resulting from the thermo-chemical process was studied. Their application as adsorbent materials for the removal of nitrates in water was discussed.<br>[ES] El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es definir, desarrollar y evaluar una metodología eficiente de gestión de residuos, en particular agrícolas, para convertirlos en una nueva fuente de energía y en productos de valor añadido. Se estudia con especial atención el uso de la paja de arroz como vector energético y como precursor de productos basados en sílice. Las reacciones de recuperación energética se han llevado a cabo a través de la gasificación de la biomasa en reactores de tipo Spouted Bed. Para ello, se han definido las propiedades físico-químicas y de comportamiento térmico de los residuos estudiados. Los parámetros de diseño y operación del reactor han sido definidos de acuerdo a las características del material tratado. Debido a la particular configuración del reactor, las propiedades fluido- dinámicas del sistema se han analizado en detalle en una unidad a escala de laboratorio. En ella se han estudiado las condiciones de estabilidad del reactor y aquellas que previenen los procesos de segregación. Se ha utilizado una unidad escalada a dimensiones de planta piloto para llevar a cabo las pruebas de gasificacion de los residuos. El comportamiento del reactor se ha modelado tanto a nivel fluido dinámico como a nivel térmico mediante el uso de diversos códigos comerciales de simulación. Finalmente, se ha realizado una valorización material basada en la extracción de sílice de las cenizas resultantes del proceso de valorización térmica. Por último, se han realizado pruebas preliminares de la posible aplicación de dicha sílice en procesos de adsorción de nitratos presentes en agua.<br>[CAT] L'objectiu de la present tesi doctoral és definir, desenvolupar i evaluar una metodologia eficient de gestió de residus, en particular agrícoles, per convertir-los en una nova font d'energia i en productes de valor afegit. S'estudia amb especial atenció l'ús de la palla d'arròs com a vector energètic i com a precursor de productes basats en sílice. Les reaccions de recuperació energètica s'han dut a terme a través de la gasificació de la biomassa en uns reactors de tipus Spouted Bed . Per això, s'han definit les propietats físico-químiques i de comportament tèrmic dels residus estudiats. Els paràmetres de disseny i operació del reactor han estat definits d'acord a les característiques del material tractat. A causa de la particular configuració del reactor, les propietats fluid - dinàmiques del sistema s'han analitzat amb detall en una unitat a escala de laboratori. S'hi han estudiat les condicions d'estabilitat del reactor i aquelles que prevenen els processos de segregació. S'ha utilitzat una unitat escalada a dimensions de planta pilot per dur a terme les proves de gasificació dels residus. El comportament del reactor s'ha modelat tant a nivell fluid dinàmic com a nivell tèrmic mitjançant l'ús de diversos codis comercials de simulació. Finalment, s'ha realitzat una valorització material basada en l'extracció de sílice de les cendres resultants del procés de valorització tèrmica. Per ùltim, s'han realitzat proves preliminars de la possible aplicació d'aquesta sílice en processos d'adsorció de nitrats presents en aigua.<br>Moliner Estopiñán, CE. (2016). Valorisation of Agricultural Residues [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68495<br>TESIS<br>Premiado
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Robinson, Tim. "Solid state fermentation of dye-adsorbed agricultural residues." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274061.

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Dupont, Stephane. "Bound (nonextractable) residues of triazine herbicides in soybean and canola plants." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21091.

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Wang, Yu. "Pretreaments of Chinese Agricultural residues to increase biogas production." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84442.

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Development of biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biogas is one approach to utilize straw comprehensively. However, high lignin contents of lignocellulosic materials results in low degradation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate pre-treatment to increase biogas production from Chinese agricultural residues. In this study, Chinese corn stalk, rice plant and wheat straw were evaluated as substrates by applying three different pre-treatments. The investigated pre-treatment were mechanical pre-treatment (cut whole straw into 1-1.5cm) combination of thermal and alkali pre-treatment (1M/L NAOH, 80℃,15 hours) and biological pre-treatment(enzymes provided by Scandinavian Biogas Fuels AB). Biogas production of these substrates was evaluated by batch digester; Sewage sludge from Nykvarn treatment plant and current digesters (Scandinavian Biogas Fuels AB )was the co-digestive substrate which seeded in batch with straw of all pre-treatments. The results indicate that at least 50% of organic contents in Chinese agricultural residues could be converted to biogas by these pre-treatments. The optimizing biogas yield is achieved from Chinese corn stalk with combination of thermal and alkali pre-treatment, Chinese rice plant and wheat straw from pre-hydrolysis pre-treatment respectively .Chinese wheat straw has the most biogas potential from combination of thermal and alkali pre-treatment.
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Pattiya, Adisak. "Catalytic pyrolysis of agricultural residues for bio-oil production." Thesis, Aston University, 2007. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9804/.

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Agricultural residues from Thailand, namely stalk and rhizome of cassava plants, were employed as raw materials for bio-oil production via fast pyrolysis technology. There were two main objectives of this project. The first one was to determine the optimum pyrolysis temperature for maximising the organics yield and to investigate the properties of the bio-oils produced. To achieve this objective, pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a bench-scale (150 g/h) reactor system, followed by bio-oil analysis. It was found that the reactor bed temperature that could give the highest organics yield for both materials was 490±15ºC. At all temperatures studied, the rhizome gave about 2-4% higher organics yields than the stalk. The bio-oil derived from the rhizome had lower oxygen content, higher calorific value and better stability, thus indicating better quality than that produced from the stalk. The second objective was to improve the bio-oil properties in terms of heating value, viscosity and storage stability by the incorporation of catalyst into the pyrolysis process. Catalytic pyrolysis was initially performed in a micro-scale reactor to screen a large number of catalysts. Subsequently, seven catalysts were selected for experiments with larger-scale (150 g/h) pyrolysis unit. The catalysts were zeolite and related materials (ZSM-5, Al-MCM-41 and Al-MSU-F), commercial catalysts (Criterion-534 and MI-575), copper chromite and ash. Additionally, the combination of two catalysts in series was investigated. These were Criterion-534/ZSM-5 and Al-MSU-F/ZSM-5. The results showed that all catalysts could improve the bio-oils properties as they enhanced cracking and deoxygenation reactions and in some cases such as ZSM-5, Criterion-534 and Criterion-534/ZSM-5, valuable chemicals like hydrocarbons and light phenols were produced. The highest concentration of these compounds was obtained with Criterion-534/ZSM-5.
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Haag, Jennie, and Anna Landahl. "Pesticide residues in cucumbers cultivated in Bangladesh." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234741.

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Pesticides are widely used for preventing crop losses due to pest attack. In Bangladesh, the food safety and health of farmers are being compromised as a result of poor regulation concerning usage of pesticides in food production. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify pesticides applied on cucumber crops in Bangladesh. A method for extraction and clean-up was developed to allow the quantification of four pesticides by GC-ECD in vegetable samples, specifically cucumber. The accuracy of the method was validated using recovery and its precision by studying the standard deviation and relative standard deviation. Analysis of cucumber samples obtained in the field showed no traces of the target pesticides. The results indicate that different types of chemicals are used on the examined crops. It is also believed that the growth habit of cucumber may affect the exposure to pesticides. To overcome the health hazards, restrictions regarding the types and quantities of chemicals used on the fields need to be implemented. Further studies would benefit from being executed in a controlled environment, and monitoring of which substances that are applied at which amounts.
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Sun, Xiao-Feng. "Separation and characterisation of components from agricultural residues by novel methods." Thesis, Bangor University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429863.

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Uras, Umit. "Biochar from vacuum pyrolysis of agricultural residues : characterisation and its applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18011.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to recent studies, biochar has the potential to improve soil fertility, mitigate climate change, reduce off-site pollution and assist in managing wastes. The application of biochar to soil is not a new concept; Amazonian dark earths are carbon-rich soils with high soil fertility that were created before 1541. Vacuum pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical conversion technique in which biomass is transformed into bio-oil, biochar and non-condensable gas. The objective of this work was to investigate the chemical and physical properties of biochar produced from vacuum pyrolysis of black wattle, vineyard annual prunings and sugar cane bagasse for their potential as soil amendment and adsorbent. The vacuum pyrolysis of black wattle, vineyard prunings and sugar cane bagasse (pyrolysis temperature: 460°C, pressure: 8kPaabs, heating rate: 17°C/min) resulted in biochar yields of 23.5%, 31.0% and 19.7% on a weight basis, respectively. The nature of the biomass had a substantial effect on yields of the products. High ash content combined with high lignin composition led to higher biochar yields for vineyard prunings. The highest surface acidity was observed for sugar cane bagasse (2.3 mmol/g), whereas the lowest surface acidity was observed for vineyard biochar (1.67 mmol/g). Consequently, the pH of the biochars was in the order: vineyard (10.43)> black wattle (9.74)> sugar cane bagasse (6.56). The cation exchange capacities (CEC) of biochars were 122 cmol/kg, 101 cmol/kg and 65 cmol/kg for sugar cane bagasse, black wattle and vineyard, respectively. The electrical conductivities (EC) were highly correlated with feedstock nature. The Ca and K rich vineyard biochar resulted in the highest EC (0.83 dS/m), whilst EC values of black wattle and sugar cane bagasse were 0.67 dS/m and 0.17 dS/m, respectively. Biochars contained substantial amounts of plant-available nutrients, while being low in toxic inorganic content (Pb, As, Cd). The BET surface areas of sugar cane bagasse, black wattle and vineyard were 259 mª/g, 241 mª/g and 91 mª/g, respectively. The adsorption capacity was found to increase with increased contact time and initial solution concentration. The experimental equilibrium time were found to be 3505 min, 1350 min and 150 min for adsorption of 20 mg/L methylene blue solution for vineyard, black wattle and sugar cane bagasse, respectively. Equilibrium data were well fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 15.15 mg/g, 14.49 mg/g and 19.23 mg/g for vineyard, black wattle and sugar cane bagasse when modelled with Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model. In summary, biochar from sugar cane bagasse is a promising adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes due to its high surface area and microporous structure. This biochar can be applied to slightly acidic soils for nutrient retention and the exchange of nutrients. On the other hand, possessing high amounts of nutrients, biochars from black wattle and vineyard are potential soil amendentment agents. Biochar from black wattle is more beneficial compared to biochar from vineyard due to its higher surface area, microporosity and cation exchange capacity.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volgens onlangse studies, het houtskool die potensiaal om grond vrugbaarheid te verbeter, klimaat verandering te versag, besoedeling te verlaag en ondersteuning te verleen in die bestuur van afval. Die toevoeging van houtskool in grond is nie ‘n nuwe konsep nie; Amazone donker gronde is koolstof ryk gronde met hoë vrugbaarheid wat voor 1541 geskep is. Vakuum pirolise is ‘n termo-chemiese omskakelings tegniek waarin biomassa afgebreek word na bio-olie, houtskool en nie-kondenseerbare gasse. Die doelwit van hierdie werk was om die chemiese en fisiese eienskappe van houtskool, wat geproduseer is deur die vakuum pirolise van swart wattel, jaarlikse wingerd snoeisels, en suikerriet bagasse, vir hulle potensiaal vir grond verbetering en adsorpsie toepassings te ondersoek. Die vakuum pirolise van swart wattel, jaarlikse wingerd snoeisels, en suikerriet bagasse (pirolise temperatuur: 460°C, druk: 8kPaabs, verhittingstempo: 17°C/min) het houtskool opbrengste van 23.5%, 31.0% en 19.7% op massa basis, respektiewelik tot gevolg. Die tipe biomassa het ‘n beduidende effek op die opbrengs van die produkte. Hoë as-inhoud, gekombineer met hoë lignien inhoud, lei tot hoër houtskool opbrengste vir wingerd snoeisels. Die hoogste oppervlak suurheid is gevind vir suikerriet bagasse (2.3 mmol/g), terwyl die laagste waarde gevind is vir die wingerd snoeisels (1.67 mmol/g). Gevolglik, is die pH van die houtskole in die volgorde van: wingerd (10.43) > swart wattle (9.74) > suikerriet bagasse (6.56). Die katioon uitruiling vermoë (CEC) van die houtskole was 122 cmol/kg, 101 cmol/kg and 65 cmol/kg vir suikerriet bagasse, swart wattel en wingerd snoeisels respektiewelik. Die elektriese konduktiwiteite (EC) is gekorreleer met die eienskappe van die biomassas. Die Ca en K ryke wingerd snoeisel houtskool het die hoogste EC waarde (0.83 dS/m) tot gevolg, terwyl die EC waardes vir swart wattel en suikerriet bagasse bepaal is as 0.67 dS/ 0.16 dS/m respektiewelik. Die houtskole het groot hoeveelhede plant-beskikbare voedingstowwe bevat, terwyl dit laag was in toksiese anorganiese stowwe (Pb, As, Cd). Die BET oppervlak areas van suikerriet bagasse, swart wattel en wingerd snoeisels was 259 mª/g, 241 mª/g en 91 mª/g respektiewelik. Daar is gevind dat die adsorpsie kapasiteit toeneem met toenemende kontak tyd met die aanvanklike oplossing. Die eksperimentele ewewigs tye is gevind as 350 min, 1350 min en 150 min vir die adsorpsie van ‘n 20 mg/L metileen blou oplossing vir wingerd snoeisels, swart wattel en suikerriet bagasse, respektiewelik. Die ewewigs data het die Langmuir en Freundlich isoterme goed gepas. Die maksimum adsorpsie kapasiteite is gevind as 15.15 mg/g, 14.9 mg/g en 19.23 mg/g vir wingerd snoeisels, swart wattel en suikerriet bagasse wanneer dit gemodeleer is met Langmuir isoterme. Daar is bevind dat die adsorpsie kinetika ‘n pseudo-tweede orde kintika model volg. In opsomming, houtskool van suikerriet bagasse is ‘n veelbelowende adsorpsie middel vir die verwydering van basiese kleurstowwe, as gevolg van die hoë oppervlak area en mikroporie-struktuur van hierdie houtskool. Dié houtskool kan gebruik word op effense suur gronde vir voedingstof behoud en uitruiling. Aan die ander kant, houtskole van swart wattel en wingerd snoeisels wat hoë hoeveelhede voedingsstowwe bevat, is potensiële grond verbeterings middels. Houtskool afkomstig van swart wattel is meer voordelig as die van wingerd snoeisels, as gevolg van die hoër oppervlak area, mikroporositeit en katioon uitruilings vermoë van die swart wattel houtskool.
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Wang, Yong. "Agricultural Residues and Other Carbon-Based Resources as Feedstocks for Supercapacitor Electrodes." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26688.

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Agricultural residues are generally considered as renewable, economical and environmental-friendly sources to produce carbon-based materials with many advanced applications. Agricultural residues and by-products generated from the agricultural industry, such as distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), are produced every year on a large scale but lack of proper utilization. As a result, seeking high-value applications based on agricultural residues is essential for the promotion of the economy in agricultural states like North Dakota, USA. With the fast development of nanotechnology in recent years, carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted intense research interests in the fields of chemistry, materials science and condensed matter physics due to many unique properties (e.g., chemical and thermal stability, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, etc.). The development of low-cost nanomaterials using agricultural residues as feedstocks can be a promising route for the sustainable development of the agricultural industry. In this dissertation, the preparation of carbon-based materials from agricultural residues is explored. Many advanced applications are investigated, especially in the field of energy storage devices. The development of porous activate carbons were investigated in detail, and their application as electrode materials of supercapacitors was demonstrated. Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass to produce carbonaceous materials was also covered in this dissertation. In addition to traditional raw materials such as cellulose produced from wood industry, novel material sources such as bacterial cellulose were used to prepare nanocomposites that can be used for the electrodes of supercapacitors. This dissertation contributes to the sustainable development of the agricultural industry in North Dakota.<br>North Dakota Corn Council North Dakota Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (ND EPSCoR)
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Chambers, Catherine P. "Potential impacts of transgenic crop residues on macroinvertebrate communities in agricultural streams /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1650504151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Agricultural residues"

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W, Unger Paul, ed. Managing agricultural residues. Lewis Publishers, 1994.

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N, Saddler J., ed. Bioconversion of forest and agricultural plant residues. CAB International, 1993.

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A, Kristoferson Lars, Earthscan, and Beijer Institute, eds. Agricultural residues as fuel in the Third World. Earthscan, International Institute for Environment and Development, 1985.

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Robinson, Tim. Solid state fermentation (SSF) of dye-adsorbed agricultural residues. The author], 2002.

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Nigam, Poonam Singh. Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial Residues Utilisation: Utilisation of Agro-Residues. Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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1928-, Moats William A., American Chemical Society. Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Agricultural uses of antibiotics. American Chemical Society, 1986.

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F, Führ, Ophoff Holger, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Senatskommission zur Beurteilung von Stoffen in der Landwirtschaft., eds. Pesticide bound residues in soil : workshop, September 3rd-4th, 1996. Wiley-VCH, 1998.

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Station, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment. Pesticide residues in produce sold in Connecticut. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1987.

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Fang, Zhen, Richard Lee Smith, and Haixin Guo, eds. Production of Organic Acids and Alcohols from Agricultural Residues and Food Wastes. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1222-2.

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C, Renard, C. A. B. International, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics., and International Livestock Research Institute, eds. Crop residues in sustainable mixed crop/livestock farming systems. CAB International in association with the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics and the International Livestock Research Institute, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agricultural residues"

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Hettenhaus, James. "Agricultural Residues." In Plant Biomass Conversion. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959138.ch2.

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Bramorski, Julieta, Henrique Solowej Medeiros Lopes, Marcus Felippe de Jesus Barros, Samir Leite Mathias, and Aparecido Junior de Menezes. "Agricultural Crop Residues Biomass." In Handbook of Biomass. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6727-8_8.

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Bramorski, Julieta, Henrique Solowej Medeiros Lopes, Marcus Felippe de Jesus Barros, Samir Leite Mathias, and Aparecido Junior de Menezes. "Agricultural Crop Residues Biomass." In Handbook of Biomass. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6772-6_8-1.

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Koukios, Emmanuel, and Ioannis A. Panagiotopoulos. "Biohydrogen Production from Agricultural Residues." In Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Production. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7789-5_949.

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Yang, Bin, Yanpin Lu, and Charles E. Wyman. "Cellulosic Ethanol from Agricultural Residues." In Biofuels from Agricultural Wastes and Byproducts. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813822716.ch9.

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O'Flaherty, Vincent, Gavin Collins, and Thérèse Mahony. "Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Residues." In Environmental Microbiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch11.

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Sharma, Pankaj, Seema Sangwan, Harpreet Kaur, Anupam Patra, and Sahil Mehta. "Microbial Remediation of Agricultural Residues." In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 60. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24181-9_13.

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Koukios, Emmanuel, and Ioannis A. Panagiotopoulos. "Biohydrogen Production from Agricultural Residues." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_949-1.

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Livingston, Robert C. "Antibiotic Residues in Food: Regulatory Aspects." In Agricultural Uses of Antibiotics. American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0320.ch011.

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Katz, Stanley E. "Microbiological Assay Procedures for Antibiotic Residues." In Agricultural Uses of Antibiotics. American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0320.ch013.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agricultural residues"

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Pachauri, Nikhil, Himanshu Gupta, Om Prakash Verma, Sushil Kumar Singh, Deepak Verma, and Ravikumar RN. "Biomass Fuel Classification from Agricultural Residues Using Machine Learning." In 2024 IEEE 12th Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/r10-htc59322.2024.10778854.

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Saatçi, Ahmet, Ergin Taşkan, and Mehmet Şahın. "A Deep Learning Approach for Rapid and Cost-Effective Detection of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products." In 2025 13th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/isdfs65363.2025.11011962.

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Di Mario, J., A. M. Gambelli, D. Del Buono, D. Puglia, and G. Gigliotti. "OPTIMIZING BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM OLIVE OIL MILL RESIDUES: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE RECOVERY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/4.2/s17.17.

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The olive oil sector is one of the most widespread agricultural and agro-industrial activities in the Mediterranean region, and it also produces a significant amount of waste biomass. This research aimed to find energy valorisation for the olive oil by-products through biogas/biomethane production from olive pomace (OP) and olive mill wastewater (OW). To this end, these biomasses underwent preliminary treatments: the OP was processed using an ionic liquid (IL) consisting of triethylamine and sulfuric acid [Et3N][HSO4], which removed hemicellulose and lignin, thus allowing recovering of the insoluble OP, mainly composed of cellulose. On the other hand, OW was treated through freeze-drying. After that, the pulp from olive pomace (POP) and freeze-dried OW (FDOW) were subjected to anaerobic digestion in lab-scale reactors. The biogas output from these materials was compared to the biogas yield shown by the untreated biomasses (OW and OP). FDOW anaerobic digestion resulted in the highest amount of biogas production, likely due to surface and structural modifications caused by the freeze-drying treatment, which presumably enhanced microbial activity. In contrast, the IL treatment of POP significantly lowered the biogas production, which ended after two days of digestion, resulting in a minimal yield. Future research will focus on co-digesting POP and FDOW with a nitrogen-rich biomass, such as Brewery's Spent Grain, to potentially increase biogas output and better understand the cause of the low yield.
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Payamara, J. "Energy from Forestry & Agricultural Residues." In Power and Energy Systems. ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.701-108.

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Muth, David, Douglas McCorkle, Jared Abodeely, Joshua Koch, Richard Nelson, and Kenneth Bryden. "Developing an Integrated Model Framework for the Assessment of Sustainable Agricultural Residue Removal Limits for Bioenergy Systems." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48889.

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Agricultural residues have significant potential as a feedstock for bioenergy production, but removing these residues from the land can have negative impacts on soil health. Because of this computational tools are needed that can help guide decisions on the amount of agricultural residue that can be sustainably removed. Models and datasets that can support decisions about sustainable agricultural residue removal are available; however, no tools currently exist that are capable of simultaneously addressing all of the environmental factors that can limit the availability of residue for bioenergy production. This paper presents an integrated framework of models and data that provide a coupled a set of environmental process models and databases that can support agricultural residue removal decisions. Specifically the RUSLE2, WEPS, and Soil Conditioning Index models have been integrated together with the disparate set of databases providing the soils, climate, and management practice data required. The integrated system has been demonstrated for two example cases. In the first case the potential impact of agricultural residue removal is explored. In the second case an aggregate assessment of the agricultural residues available bioenergy production in the state of Iowa is performed.
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Muth, David, Joshua Koch, Douglas McCorkle, and Kenneth Bryden. "A Computational Strategy for Design and Implementation of Equipment That Addresses Sustainable Agricultural Residue Removal at the Subfield Scale." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71430.

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Agricultural residues are the largest potential near term source of biomass for bioenergy production. Sustainable use of agricultural residues for bioenergy production requires consideration of the important role that residues play in maintaining soil health and productivity. Innovation equipment designs for residue harvesting systems can help economically collect agricultural residues while mitigating sustainability concerns. A key challenge in developing these equipment designs is establishing sustainable reside removal rates at the sub-field scale. Several previous analysis studies have developed methodologies and tools to estimate sustainable agricultural residue removal by considering environmental constraints including soil loss from wind and water erosion and soil organic carbon at field scale or larger but have not considered variation at the sub-field scale. This paper introduces a computational strategy to integrate data and models from multiple spatial scales to investigate how variability of soil, grade, and yield within an individual cornfield can impact sustainable residue removal for bioenergy production. This strategy includes the current modeling tools (i.e., RUSLE2, WEPS, and SCI), the existing data sources (i.e., SSURGO soils, CLIGEN, WINDGEN, and NRCS managements), and the available high fidelity spatial information (i.e., LiDAR slope and crop yield monitor output). Rather than using average or representative values for crop yields, soil characteristics, and slope for a field, county, or larger area, the modeling inputs are based on the same spatial scale as the precision farming data available. There are three challenges for developing an integrated model for sub-field variability of sustainable agricultural residue removal—the computational challenge of iteratively computing with 400 or more spatial points per hectare, the inclusion of geoprocessing tools, and the integration of data from different spatial scales. Using a representative field in Iowa, this paper demonstrates the computational algorithms used and establishes key design parameters for an innovative residue removal equipment design concept.
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Yi Weiming, Bai Xueyuan, He Fang, et al. "Bio-oil from Agricultural Residues by Fast Pyrolysis." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19586.

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Dawaki, A., U. Abdulkadir, P. Chukwuka, U. J. Musa, and A. M. Eme. "Harnessing Renewable Energy (Biofuels) Potentials through Bioenergy Simulation for Economic Electricity and Heat Generation and Reduction of Net Carbon Emissions in Gombe State, Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217097-ms.

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Abstract Bioenergy is one of the various renewable options available to help satisfy global energy demands and reduce carbon imprints. This research work focuses on animal wastes and agricultural residues in Gombe State to maximize the potential for bioenergy resources. The production data for major agricultural crops output and quantity of livestock available were obtained from the Gombe State Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry. For the estimation of potential bioenergy, the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA's geospatial tool Bioenergy Simulator was utilized. The overall projected amount of agricultural residues accessible for bioenergy, according to the research, was 2.39 million tons of residue. Based on these projections, agricultural residue has the ability to generate 7.1 million gigajoules of bioenergy. The total gross power and heat generated by these agricultural wastes are estimated to be 11.47 million GJ (3.19 MWh) and 65.71 million GJ (18.925 MWh) respectively. In the case of animal manures, it is estimated that 8.17 million GJ (2.26 MWh) and 9.98 million GJ (2.77 MWh) of total gross electricity and heat will be produced. Furthermore, by utilizing the waste's gross power generated from the wastes, the emission of approximately 702,000 tCO2e from the use of grid electricity will be avoided. The study therefore recommended that the economic viability of establishing such a bioenergy project be properly studied and that the Gombe State Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy should be promoted in order to establish a stable and consistent environment for the bioenergy sector in Gombe State.
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Mahdavi, Meisam, Augustine Awaafo, Konrad Schmitt, Francisco Jurado, and David Vera. "Potential of Morocco in Energy Generation from Agricultural Residues." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2023 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope57605.2023.10194876.

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Qiu, Zhengjun, Wenzhong Zheng, Hui Fang, and Yong He. "An optical instrument to test pesticide residues in agricultural products." In MIPPR 2005 SAR and Multispectral Image Processing, edited by Liangpei Zhang, Jianqing Zhang, and Mingsheng Liao. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.654924.

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Reports on the topic "Agricultural residues"

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Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.
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Turhollow Jr, Anthony F., Erin Webb, and Shahabaddine Sokhansanj. Cost Methodology for Biomass Feedstocks: Herbaceous Crops and Agricultural Residues. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969956.

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Elliott, Douglas C., Gary G. Neuenschwander, Todd R. Hart, et al. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Agricultural and Biorefinery Residues Final Report – CRADA #PNNL/277. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991550.

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Elliott, Douglas C., Leslie J. Rotness, Todd R. Hart, and Gary G. Neuenschwander. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Agricultural and Biorefinery Residues – Interim Report Micro-scale Tests with Model Feedstocks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991547.

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Ortega, Yina, and Felipe Salcedo. Transforming agriculture: advancements in compost-biopolymers composites for enhanced sustainability. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps.ss.bbb.11.

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In the Cesar Department in Colombia, sustainable agriculture faces critical challenges despite its thriving livestock sector. Extensive cattle ranching and poor soil management worsen soil conditions. Additionally, significant environmental concerns arise from the substantial discharge of wastewater in the dairy processing industry. This study aims to valorize biosolids derived from wastewater during dairy plant disinfection to enhance sustainable livestock production. It explores the use of biosolids as the primary matrix for creating composted compounds and biopolymers for agricultural purposes. These composite materials utilize composted biosolids from the dairy industry as the main matrix (60%), blended with biodegradable polymers such as polybutylene adipate succinate (PBSA) and polylactic acid (PLA) as functional agents. This innovative approach contrasts with the prevailing literature on composite polymer materials, where polymers typically form the matrix and agricultural residues serve as fillers. Biosolids from Freskaleche S.A. undergo controlled thermal treatment and composting before being combined with PBSA and PLA polymers using an internal mixer. The development of these new compounds includes the evaluation of thermal stability, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical properties. It is noteworthy that Compost/PBSA composites exhibit promising compatibility and thermomechanical properties resembling pure PBSA, suggesting their potential as thermoplastic materials for producing plastic-based agricultural products. Regarding Compost/PLA blends, compost enhances chemical reactions in PLA polymeric chains, significantly altering their thermomechanical properties. This research provides valuable insights into the use of biosolids for manufacturing composite materials, offering a sustainable approach to address agricultural challenges in the Cesar region.
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Ronner, Esther, Mark van der Poel, and Laurie van Reemst. Exploratory study on pesticide residues on fresh vegetables from markets in Uganda : Commissioned by the Agricultural Counsellor of the Dutch Ministery of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, based in Kampala, Uganda. Wageningen Environmental Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/639130.

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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Ultra-Fast Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Hazardous Chemicals in the Food Supply. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699852.bard.

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Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop ultra-fast methods and instrumentation for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to veterinary drugs and other contaminants, and conduct fast and ultra-fast analyses using novel 5MB-MS instrumentation, ideally with real samples. Background to the topic: The international trade of agricultural food products is a $1.2 trill ion annual market and growing. Food safety is essential to human health, and chemical residue limits are legislated nationally and internationally. Analytical testing for residues is needed to conduct risk assessments and regulatory enforcement actions to ensure food safety and environmental health, among other important needs. Current monitoring methods are better than ever, but they are still too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive to meet the broad food testing needs of consumers, government, and industry. As a result, costs are high and only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. We need affordable, ultra-fast methods that attain high quality results for a wide range of chemicals. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: This is the third BARD grant shared between Prof. Amirav and Dr. Lehotay since 2000, and continual analytical improvements have been made in terms of speed, sample throughput, chemical scope, ease-of-use, and quality of results with respect to qualitative (screening and identification) and quantitative factors. The QuEChERS sample preparation approach, which was developed in conjunction with the BARD grant in 2002, has grown to currently become the most common pesticide residue method in the world. BARD funding has been instrumental to help Dr. Lehotay make refinements and expand QuEChERS concepts to additional applications, which has led to the commercialization of QuEChERS products by more than 20 companies worldwide. During the past 3 years, QuEChERS has been applied to multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drug residues in food animals, and it has been validated and implemented by USDA-FSIS. QuEChERS was also modified and validated for faster, easier, and better analysis of traditional and emerging environmental contaminants in food. Meanwhile, Prof. Amirav has commercialized the GC-MS with 5MB technology and other independent inventions, including the ChromatoProbe with Agilent, Bruker, and FUR Systems. A new method was developed for obtaining truly universal pesticide analysis, based on the use of GC-MS with 5MB. This method and instrument enables faster analysis with lower LaDs for extended range of pesticides and hazardous compounds. A new approach and device of Open Probe Fast GC-MS with 5MB was also developed that enable real time screening of limited number of target pesticides. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LaD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope. and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade. and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Fast, practical, and effective approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695587.bard.

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Background to the topic: For food safety and security reasons, hundreds of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental pollutants should be monitored in the food supply, but current methods are too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. As a result, only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop fast, practical, and effective new approaches for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to more pesticides, veterinary drugs and pollutants, further develop GC-MS and LC-MS with SMB and combine QuEChERS with GC-SMB-MS and LC-SMB-EI-MS to provide the “ultimate” approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in food. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: The original QuEChERS method was validated for more than 200 pesticide residues in a variety of food crops. For the few basic pesticides for which the method gave lower recoveries, an extensive solvent suitability study was conducted, and a buffering modification was made to improve results for difficult analytes. Furthermore, evaluation of the QuEChERS approach for fatty matrices, including olives and its oil, was performed. The QuEChERS concept was also extended to acrylamide analysis in foods. Other advanced techniques to improve speed, ease, and effectiveness of chemical residue analysis were also successfully developed and/or evaluated, which include: a simple and inexpensive solvent-in-silicone-tube extraction approach for highly sensitive detection of nonpolar pesticides in GC; ruggedness testing of low-pressure GC-MS for 3-fold faster separations; optimization and extensive evaluation of analyte protectants in GC-MS; and use of prototypical commercial automated direct sample introduction devices for GC-MS. GC-MS with SMB was further developed and combined with the Varian 1200 GCMS/ MS system, resulting in a new type of GC-MS with advanced capabilities. Careful attention was given to the subject of GC-MS sensitivity and its LOD for difficult to analyze samples such as thermally labile pesticides or those with weak or no molecular ions, and record low LOD were demonstrated and discussed. The new approach of electron ionization LC-MS with SMB was developed, its key components of sample vaporization nozzle and flythrough ion source were improved and was evaluated with a range of samples, including carbamate pesticides. A new method and software based on IAA were developed and tested on a range of pesticides in agricultural matrices. This IAA method and software in combination with GC-MS and SMB provide extremely high confidence in sample identification. A new type of comprehensive GCxGC (based on flow modulation) was uniquely combined with GC-MS with SMB, and we demonstrated improved pesticide separation and identification in complex agricultural matrices using this novel approach. An improved device for aroma sample collection and introduction (SnifProbe) was further developed and favorably compared with SPME for coffee aroma sampling. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LOD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope, and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade, and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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Larsson, Madeleine, Karin Tonderski, Genevieve Metson, and Nils-Hassan Quttineh. Towards a more circular biobased economy and nutrient use on Gotland: finding suitable locations for biogas plants. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/report.diva-194234.

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In this study we have investigated the role of biogas solutions to support increased resource efficiency on the island Gotland, including recovery and redistribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within the agricultural sector. First, we analyzed the potential for expanding energy and nutrient recovery from organic residues using biogas solutions. Our findings suggest that the biogas production could expand to 165 GWh, from the current 36 GWh (2020), with manure accounting for a potential 110 GWh biogas annually if all were digested. Comparing the nutrients contained in organic feedstock with the crop nutrient demand on Gotland showed that for N the demand is 2.4 times higher than the supply. In contrast, the calculations showed a 137 tonnes P surplus, with distinct excess areas in the center and southern part of the island. We then compared scenarios with different numbers (3 - 15) of biogas plants with respect to efficient nutrient redistribution and transport costs. Spatial constraints for new plants, e.g. need for roads with a certain capacity and permit issues, were accounted for by adding local information to a national data set. We identified 104 potential locations (1 km$^2$ grid cells) and used an optimization model to identify the most suitable locations for minimized transport costs. Optimal (meeting the crop demand with no excess) redistribution of all nutrients contained in the feedstock, as raw digestate from biogas plants, would result in an export of 127 tonnes of P from the island. The model results indicated that if all potential feedstock would be digested in three additional biogas plants and nutrients redistributed for optimal reuse, the total transport cost would be 2.6 million SEK annually, excluding the costs for nutrient export from the island (3.7 million SEK). If instead 10 or 15 smaller plants would be built, the transport cost would drop to 1.8 million SEK, with the same amount of P being exported. Comparing the scenarios with different number of biogas plants (3 - 15), showed that some locations are more suitable than others in terms of distance to feedstock and to fields with fertilizer demands. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the amount of crop residues indicated that this type of feedstock could add a substantial amount of biogas production, but more extensive analyses are needed to assess the feasibility to realize part of that potential.
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10

Kerstetter, James D., and John Kim Lyons. Logging and Agricultural Residue Supply Curves for the Pacific Northwest. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900299.

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