Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agricultural surpluses

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural surpluses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural surpluses"

1

Ulbricht, Tilo. "Alternative uses for agricultural surpluses." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 20, no. 4 (July 1988): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90170-3.

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Paterson, A. C. "Alternative uses for agricultural surpluses." Biological Wastes 23, no. 2 (January 1988): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(88)90073-0.

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LEHTONEN, H., J. LANKOSKI, and K. KOIKKALAINEN. "Economic and environmental performance of alternative policy measures to reduce nutrient surpluses in Finnish agriculture." Agricultural and Food Science 16, no. 4 (December 4, 2008): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607784125366.

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This paper provides an economic sector level analysis of the effectiveness of different policy measures in decreasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses from agriculture in order to reduce nutrient runoff from agricultural fields to watercourses and to improve water quality of surface waters. Assuming no changes in the EU level policies after CAP reform 2003 we focus on national level policy measures such as full or partial de-coupling of national support from production, payments for reduced nutrient surpluses of N and P, and N fertiliser tax. None of the analysed policy measures is superior one with respect to environmental performance, since full decoupling of national support would be the most effective in reducing P surpluses while payment for reduced nutrient surplus performed best with respect to N surpluses. Economic performance (farmers’ compliance cost per %-reduction of N or P surplus) of full and partial de-coupling of national support is clearly better than that of specialised agri-environmental policy instruments, because both decoupling scenarios result in the increase of farmers’ income in comparison to base scenario, and thus compliance costs are in fact negative in these two cases. Our analysis confirms the fact that the overall policy package matters a lot for the effectiveness of agrienvironmental policy measures. Environmental performance of agri-environmental policy measures may be significantly reduced, if they are implemented jointly with production coupled income support policies. Thus, in order to increase the effectiveness of agri-environmental policy measures agricultural income support policies should be decoupled from production and this alone would bring substantial reduction in nutrient surpluses.;
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Burrell, Alison. "EC AGRICULTURAL SURPLUSES AND BUDGET CONTROL." Journal of Agricultural Economics 38, no. 1 (January 1987): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1987.tb01020.x.

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Rosillo-Calle, F. "Book review: Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600426.

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Canters, Kees J. "The Mac Sharry Plan and integration of EU policy on agriculture and nature conservation." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 3 (September 1996): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038807.

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Over the past few decades the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) has resulted in major surpluses of agricultural products. However, it has also resulted in severe environmental pollution and degradation. For these reasons, in the early 1990s, the CAP was reformed by means of the Mac Sharry Plan (MSP) (Commission of the EC 1991). This Plan aims to: 1) reduce agricultural surpluses and expenses, 2) adopt a more market-oriented approach, 3) keep a sufficient number of farmers in the countryside, and 4) render agriculture more benign to nature and the environment. The last of these aims has not yet been adequately elaborated in the MSP and it is uncertain whether the adopted measures will really lead to less agricultural pressure on nature and the environment.
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Oenema, O., L. van Liere, S. Plette, T. Prins, H. van Zeijts, and O. Schoumans. "Environmental effects of manure policy options in The Netherlands." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0172.

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This study explores the effects of manure policy options for agricultural land in The Netherlands on nitrate leaching to groundwater, ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere and on eutrophication of surface waters. The implementation of the farm gate balance MINAS at farm level, with levy-free N surpluses in the range of 300 to 40 kg per ha per year, and levy-free P surpluses in the range of 17.5 to 0.4 kg of P per ha per year, have been examined. Results indicate that nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater are related to N surplus, land use, soil type and groundwater level. On dry sandy soils, the N surplus has to be below 60 to 140 kg of N per ha per year, depending on land use, to decrease the nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater to below 50 mg nitrate per litre. Decreases of N and P concentrations in surface waters, upon lowering levy-free surpluses appear relatively small. For improving the ecological state of surface waters, we recommend a combination of low levy-free N and P surpluses with dredging P rich sediments, flushing of ditches, and decreasing discharges from other sources.
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Gradziuk, Piotr, Barbara Gradziuk, Anna Trocewicz, and Błażej Jendrzejewski. "Potential of Straw for Energy Purposes in Poland—Forecasts Based on Trend and Causal Models." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 5054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195054.

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The mitigation of climate change poses a major challenge to the legal framework which aims to stimulate the development of renewable energy sources. The European Union’s direction for the use of renewable energy is distributed generation and an increased use of by-products and organic waste, especially in the production of next-generation biofuels. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the production potential of straw in Poland and the possibility of its use for energy purposes, including a forecast for 2030, on the assumption that the management of this resource is in accordance with the provisions of the Polish Code for Good Agriculture Practice. In Poland, in the years 1999–2018, the average annual surplus of straw harvested over agricultural consumption equalled 12.5 million tons (4.2 Mtoe). Its largest surpluses were in the Dolnośląskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Wielkopolskie, and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships (NUTS2). Based on the developed panel models, forecasts for straw surpluses in Poland are presented in three perspectives: realistic, pessimistic, and optimistic. The forecasts show regional differentiation until 2030. Each of the three perspectives indicate a slow increase in these surpluses, and depending on the adopted version, it will range from 10.6% to 21.9%.
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Burkart, M., D. James, M. Liebman, and E. van Ouwerkerk. "Integrating principles of nitrogen dynamics in a method to estimate leachable nitrogen under agricultural systems." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.063.

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Surplus nitrogen (N) in ground and surface water is of concern in intensive agricultural regions. Surplus N leaches during lengthy periods where annual crop systems are used in temperate regions. This paper presents a model to estimate the surplus N available for leaching to ground water beneath agricultural systems and applies the model to watersheds in an intensive maize and soybean production system. The model utilizes commonly available georeferenced data on soils, crops, and livestock, making it applicable to watersheds in many regions. The model links stocks of N in soil, crops, livestock, fertilizer and the atmosphere. Nitrogen flow centers on exchange between the soil N stocks. Nitrogen mineralization rates are defined for three soil organic matter pools, crop residue, and manure based on carbon:N ratios. Nitrogen exports from the system are harvested crops, livestock and losses to the atmosphere. Application of the model in 26 Iowa watersheds finds surpluses of 18 to 43 kg-N/ha. Surpluses exceeded measured annual nitrate-N loads in regional streams by amounts equivalent to denitrification rates in groundwater. Deficits in soil N were sufficiently small to suggest that the system is in equilibrium with soils of the region.
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Kunkel, Ralf, Michael Eisele, and Frank Wendland. "Assessing necessary nutrient reduction for measurement planning in groundwater bodies." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 2295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.821.

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For the Federal State of Lower Saxony, Germany, nitrogen management options are developed and implemented in three pilot areas using new participation approaches and technologies suitable for programs of measures to reduce diffuse pollution from agriculture. As a target value for water protection measures a nitrate concentration in percolation water of 50 mg/l as an average for a larger area defined by the groundwater bodies and their hydrogeological subdivisions has been defined. An integrative emission model is used to simulate the interactions between agricultural practice, nitrogen surpluses and the nitrogen flow through the soil and aquifer to the outflow into surface waters. The actual nitrate concentrations in percolation water are calculated for the entire Federal State of Lower Saxony considering site-characteristics, N-surpluses, water balance and denitrification in the soil. The tolerable N-surpluses needed to meet the environmental target are quantified as averages for each of the hydrogeological subdivisions by “backward” calculation using this model system. The required reduction of N-surpluses was estimated by comparing the tolerable N-surpluses with the actual state of nitrogen emission. For the evaluation of the amount and efficiency of water protection measures, the required reduction of N-surpluses to accomplish the environmental target is quantified, using the current status as a reference.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural surpluses"

1

Jones, Alun R. "The role of institutions in agricultural despecialisation in Hérault (France)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28511.

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The primary aim of this study is to assess the role of institutions in the process of agricultural change. Throughout this study, the need for an institutional approach in studying contemporary change in rural areas is stressed; moreover, the structure of this institutional approach, capable of being extended to other substantive contexts, has been elaborated. The context for the study of institutions is agricultural despecialisation, an important context when related to regions in which agriculture has become specialised in products now in structural surplus. In this study, the European Community (EC) is singled out as the major institution tackling the problem of structural surpluses in agricultural production. The table wine sector provides the focus for the study of agricultural surpluses since it is characterised by large volumes of unsold surplus production and the need for winegrowers to be 'eased' into other types of agricu1tural production. Between the levels of the EC's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the viticultural holding, there are a range of institutions mediating in the process of despecialisation. The Languedoc-Roussillon, and in particular the departement of Herault, a highly specialised table wine producing region in southern France, is selected as the context for the study of these institutions and their impact upon the process of agricultural despecialisation out of vines.
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Schrickel, James Robert. "La Survie du petit cultivateur et l'agriculture traditionnelle en France: Le Conflit entre l'heritage et l'efficaciteThe Survial of the Small Farmer and Traditional Agriculture in France: The Conflict Between Heritage and Efficiency." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1399384506.

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Kalyebara, Robert Mwesige. "An economic surplus approach to priority setting for agricultural research in Uganda /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486399160107986.

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Gierend, Albert. "Integration of Risk and Multiple Objectives inPriority Setting for Agricultural Research." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14460.

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Prioritätensetzung in der Agrarforschung ist ein komplexes Entscheidungsproblem angesichts der Unsicherheit in der Abschätzung der erwarteten Wirkungen von Forschung und Technologien und den vielfältigen sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Zielen, die mit der Generierung von Wissen und neuen Technologien in landwirtschaftlichen Forschungsinstitutionen in Entwicklungsländern verbunden sind. Diese Arbeit versucht durch die Anwendung von formalen und quantitativen Evaluierungs- und Entscheidungsmethoden mit der besonderen Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit und multiplen Zielen einen Beitrag zur Methodenverbesserung in der Prioritätensetzung zu leisten. Zur Darstellung dieser Methoden wurde als Fallstudie das nationale Milchviehforschungsprogramm des "Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute" (KARI) ausgewählt. Gegenstand der Analyse sind 19 geplante Forschungsprojekte, die anhand eines stochastischen Evaluierungsansatzes ("Economic Surplus" und Monte Carlo Simulation) hinsichtlich ihrer ökonomischen Wirkungen auf den kenianischen Milchmarkt untersucht wurden. Die Evaluierungsergebnisse der Forschungsprojekte und anschließende Bewertung anhand verschiedener stochastischer Dominanztests zeigen, daß die Ableitung einer klaren Präferenzstruktur und Rangordnung innerhalb der Projekte nach ökonomischen Kriterien, z.B. Gegenwartswert und Kosten-Nutzenrelation, in vielen Fällen nicht möglich ist, sondern vielmehr von den unterstellten Risikopräferenzen abhängt. Dies bedeutet, daß aus der Sicht eines Planers eine differenzierte und vorsichtige Interpretation und Beratung des Forschungsmanagements vorzunehmen ist. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu einer deterministischen Investitionsanalyse. Mehrere mathematische Programmierungsmodelle wurden zur Analyse von multiplen Zielen, der Untersuchung der Wirkungen von Verteilungsaspekten und unterschiedlicher Risikopräferenzen auf die Zusammensetzung eines optimalen Forschungsportfolios entwickelt und angewandt. Obwohl in den meisten Fällen eine Änderung der Risikoeinstellung auch eine Änderung des optimalen Portfolios bewirken würde, sind die ökonomischen Unterschiede gemessen am Gegenwartswert der alternativen Portfolios unbedeutend. Die Analyse der Zielkonflikte zwischen Effizienz- und Verteilungsziel wurde unter zwei unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln für das Verteilungsziel untersucht: zum einen als räumliche und regionale Allokation des Forschungsnutzens, und zum anderen zwischen kenianischen Konsumenten und Produzenten von Milch. Aus den Modellergebnissen wird deutlich, daß eine spezielle Förderung von Produzenten- sowie Konsumenteninteressen nur beschränkt möglich ist, d.h. die jeweiligen Planungsoptionen nur geringe Umverteilungswirkungen erzielen. Ganz anders stellt sich die Situation bei einer regionalen Differenzierung dar. Dort würden je nach relativer Bedeutung einzelner Regionen starke Umverteilungswirkungen in den regionalen Einkommen auftreten. Allerdings sind diese Optionen im Vergleich zu einer "neutralen", d.h. regional indifferenten Ausrichtung mit großen Effizienzverlusten verbunden.
Priority setting in agricultural research is a complex decision making problem due to the inherent uncertainty surrounding the impact of research activities and the multiple social and economic research objectives under which research institutions in developing countries have to operate. This study attempts to apply formal and quantitative evaluation and decision making methods for a more rigorous and explicit analysis of the uncertainty and multiple research objectives. These methods are illustrated by applying them to a priority setting exercise for the National Dairy Research Program of the Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) conducted in 1996. A set of 19 planned dairy research projects was proposed and specified by KARI scientists and the economic impact assessed based on a stochastic evaluation framework using economic surplus methods and Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that comparing these projects by stochastic dominance criteria with respect to the expected net present value and cost-benefit ratio the final rank order is very much subject to assumed risk preferences of the decision- makers. Thus, decision advice on the type of prioritised projects for implementation and fund raising is much less clear-cut than a deterministic evaluation would suggest. Mathematical programming techniques were applied to analyse the trade-off between multiple research objectives, to examine the distributional consequences of research, and to explore how different risk strategies (from risk aversion to risk proneness) would affect the selection of a optimal research portfolio from the planned dairy research projects. Although risk has a strong bearing on the composition of a research portfolio for various different funding levels the economic implications are not significant in terms of net present value. In a Multiple-objective programming framework the trade-off between efficiency and equity was examined. Equity concern was looked at two different angles: first, by a spatial distribution of the research benefits, and second by the distributions among consumer and producer groups. Results show a limited scope of directing the dairy research plan either for the sake of consumers or producers while the scope of targeting different production zones in Kenya is much larger although the trade-offs in terms of foregone welfare between different zones are very pronounced.
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Kwan, Fung. "An analysis of surplus agricultural labour and its contribution to rural industrialization : a case study of China." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408704.

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Negatu, Workneh. "Cereal-based farming systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia : technological innovation for surplus production and poverty alleviation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337981.

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Soufi, Widad. "Agricultural research in Senegal: Economic surplus evaluation of the adoption of variety La Fleur 11 by peanut farmers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33549.

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Peanut production has been decreasing in Senegal over the past decades for historical, political, economic and environmental reasons. One of the solutions proposed by recent Senegalese administrations is to increase production through agricultural research and the development of peanut varieties that are adapted to the environmental constraints in Senegal. The last variety developed is La Fleur 11, which is very drought tolerant. The purpose of the study is to assess the economic impact of research on La Fleur 11 on the Senegalese economy through an ex-ante evaluation of the net social benefits from the adoption of this new variety. In order to fulfill this objective, an economic surplus analysis is conducted within the framework of a partial equilibrium model. Results indicate that the net social benefits from the adoption of La Fleur 11 are positive. Assuming that all peanut supply is sold to SONACOS at a producer base price and that research evaluation is conducted at the farm-level, Consumers (SONACOS) are the main beneficiaries from research. Their benefits are on average 6 times producersâ (farmers). The research-induced increase in the government cost of the subsidy represents 84 percent on average of consumersâ and producersâ benefits; the research-induced increase in net social welfare represents 16 percent on average of consumersâ and producersâ benefits. The internal rate of return averages around 43 percent. When peanut markets are disaggregated, research benefits consumers (SONACOS) 3 times more than producers (farmers) at the farm level. Most of producersâ benefits come from farm household consumption (47 percent of total farm-level benefits) and most of consumersâ benefits come from the official seed market. At the SONACOS-level where peanut oil and cakes are exported, research benefits producers (SONACOS) only; consumers (rest of the world) do not benefit from research at this level. The IRR is more likely to be about 42 percent. This study suggests that future investments in agricultural research in Senegal can result in a positive economic impact provided that other actions are undertaken regarding extension, credit, and input distribution in order to enhance adoption and take advantage of the yield potential of the new peanut varieties. Also, this study provides a procedure of research evaluation for future use in Senegal and West Africa.
Master of Science
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8

Lakoucha, Refaat. "Développement économique et surplus agricole : application au cas égyptien (1960-1980)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX32015.

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Cette these fait reference au role predominant du secteur agricole dans le cadre du developpement economique egyptien. Ce role est lie aux deux grandeurs : le surplus agricole et le surplus agricole mobilise. L'objectif de cette these n'est pas seulement de mettre en lumiere le role joue par le surplus agricole et le surplus agricole mobilise dans l'experience du developpement economique egyptien, ou de decrire son chemin, mais aussi de chercher les causes profondes qui jouent a l'interieur de cette experience et qui peuvent expliquer sa crise pour arriver enfin a des propositions qui pourraient servir a depasser cette crise. Cet objectif a conduit a exposer la notion du surplus agricole visa-vis de la pensee economique et a proposer un nouveau modele de la constitution du surplus agricole d'apres la valeur d'usage de la terre cultivee et la source essentielle de la constitution de ce surplus. D'autre part, l'influence negative du chomage deguise et l'influence positive du progres technique sur la creation du surplus agricole occupent une place importante dans cette these ; a ce propos, une nouvelle approche (anti-classique et anti-moderne) de l'analyse du chomage deguise est proposee, et d'apres laquelle ce chomage peut etre caracterise par une productivite marginale du travail. A l'egard du progres technique agricole, la these est preoccupee par certains points et parmi eux, la proposition d'une methodologie de l'estimation du progres technique et du taux du progres technique incorpore au capital. Puisque la constitution du surplus agricole ne signifie pas automatiquement que ce surplus est disponible pour financer le developpement non-agricole, alors, la definition de la notion du surplus agricole mobilise, les conditions prealables de sa creation et les consequenses qui en decoulent sont traitees en profond dans cette these. En fait, la creation du surplus agricole mobilise ne conduit pas mecaniquement a un rythme accelera du developpement non-agricole, celui-ci depend aussi de la forme ce de developpement, et par la, l'on peut conclure que la crise du developpement economique pourrait exister en presence d'un surplus agricole mobilise en croissance, c'est le cas egyptien
This thesis talks about the role of the agricultural surplus in the frame work of the egyptian economic development. That accounts fo its preoccupation to clear up above all the negatif effect of the disguised unemployment and the positif effect of the technical progress on the agricultural surplus. Then this thesis tries to define the notion of the mobilized agricultural surplus and its means to finance the non-agricultural development to explain the causes of the egyptian economic developement crisis. As far as egypt is concerned, the thesis concludes on the following points : 1- the disguised unemployment is an actual phenomenon. 2- the agricultural surplus depends essentially on the technical progress of agriculture. 3- the mobilized agricultural surplus tends generally to increase. 4- the non-agricultural development is caracterized by the relatif growth of the terciary sector. 5- the industrial sector is relatively short of skilled works. Therefore, the thesis insists on the necessity of the agricultural surplus increase the mobilized agricultural surplus and the formation of industrial skilled workers
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Gray, James Katon. "The Groundnut Market in Senegal: Examination of Price and Policy Changes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28143.

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The Government of Senegal is attempting to liberalize the groundnut market. In the past, this market was highly regulated with government-set producer prices, groundnut oil processing mills owned by parastatals, and requirements that all groundnuts be sold to these quasi-governmental organizations. In recent years, these rules are being relaxed, and farmers are allowed to sell groundnuts on the open market. However, farmers continue to sell most of their groundnuts, as before, to the mills. This study attempts to shed light on the effects of this market liberalization. First, an attempt is made to provide estimates of the farmers' short-run output supply and input demand responses to price changes. A quadratic profit function model is estimated using data collected for the current study and a similar dataset collected by Akobundu [1997]. Second, a quadratic programming model is used to examine the effects of eliminating pan-territorial prices. Results indicate that the elimination of the pan-territorial price system will have an overall benefit to Senegalese society. However, as expected, groundnut producers in areas remote from the groundnut oil processing mills would face lower prices. The effects on producers and consumers in the major producing regions, however, were found to be minimal. Finally, the dissertation provides an extensive description of the economic activities of small-scale farm households in Senegalâ s Groundnut Basin. Differences between males and females and between household heads and other males in the household are also examined. Although females are not as involved in groundnut production, they do not seem to face discrimination in either the official or the open market. The description of the situation facing small-scale farmers provided in this dissertation is not encouraging. The quantity and timing of the rains in the Groundnut Basin add an unwelcome uncertainty to farming. Increases in population are adding pressure to the environment and are placing heavy demands on wood and grazing lands. Only eight percent of the farmers had groundnut seed multiplication ratios less than one, and sixty-seven percent had ratios less than five. The dissertation also indicates that farmers are not producing enough to feed their families. Fewer than twelve percent of the households produce a caloric surplus. Sixty percent produced less than fifty percent of their caloric needs. The study indicates that farmers are not earning enough from agricultural production to take care of normal expenses throughout the year. Thus, when combined with uncertain rains and a worsening environment, the farmers have little margin of safety. Therefore, any government policies affecting groundnut production in particular or agricultural production in general should take into account the situation already facing the farmers.
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Myrick, Stephanie Nicole Bernice. "An Economic Impact Assessment of Cooperation-88 Potato Variety in China." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74871.

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Cooperation-88 (C88) is a late blight resistant potato variety that was formally released in China in 2001 and has become popular in China's Yunnan Province. The International Potato Center (CIP) and Yunnan Normal University collaborated to produce the variety, which is one of CIP's most successful varieties. C88 is popular due to its high quality and taste, and it is used commonly in China's expanding potato chip processing market. The purpose of this study is to examine adoption of C88 in the Yunnan Province, its value chain, and economic impacts. The analysis indicates that C88 is still popular with 16.8% of the potato area in Yunnan devoted to this variety in late spring 2015. To examine factors affecting household decisions to adopt and the intensity of their adoption, village adoption, household adoption, and household intensity of adoption were assessed. A village's proximity to a metropolitan county was the most important factor explaining adoption and intensity of adoption. Households in villages closer to a metropolitan county disadopted at higher rates than those farther away. To quantify the economic benefits of C88 adoption, an economic surplus analysis was conducted. Total surplus changes ranged from $2 to 3 billion indicating significant economic benefits to consumers and producers in Yunnan.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Agricultural surpluses"

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Agriculture, Association of. Agricultural surpluses. London: The Association, 1987.

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F, Raymond W., Larvor P, Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Agriculture., and Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Science, Research, and Development., eds. Alternative uses for agricultural surpluses. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1986.

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Raymond, W. F., and P. Larvor, eds. Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8.

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Stanton, B. F. The cereals dilemma: Surpluses in Western Europe and North America. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1986.

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Communities, Commission of the European. Community food aid: Instrument of development policy or exploitation of surpluses. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Information, Communication, Culture, 1988.

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Becker, Geoffrey S. Commodity Credit Corporation surpluses: Food for the hungry? [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.

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Mattson, Jeremy W. Characteristics of the declining U.S. agricultural trade surplus. Fargo, ND]: Center for Agricultural Policy and Trade Studies, Dept. of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, 2005.

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Tu, Wei-chʻang. Agricultural marketed surplus response in China. Aldershot: Avebury, 1995.

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Du, Weichang. Agricultural marketed surplus response in China. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1995.

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Agricultural marketed surplus response in China. Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agricultural surpluses"

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Mildon, R. "Surpluses and the Common Agricultural Policy." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 1–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_1.

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Woelk, H. U. "Products Derived from Starch." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_5.

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Hirsinger, F. "Oleochemical Raw Materials and New Oilseed Crops." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 86–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_10.

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Biancardi, V. "Alternative Use of the Land for Mediterranean Crops." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 93–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_11.

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Eerkens, C. "An Holistic Approach to Evaluate the Potential Productivity of Unconventional Crops." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 104–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_12.

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Raymond, W. F. "Discussion Panel 1: Chemistry of Glucids." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 115–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_13.

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Schliephake, D. "Discussion Panel 2: Fuel Products and Additives." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 117–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_14.

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Maubois, J. L. "Discussion Panel 3: Chemistry of Proteins and Lipids." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 120–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_15.

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Biancardi, V. "Discussion Panel 4: Alternative Land Use." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 123–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_16.

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Eerkens, C. "Discussion Panel 5: New Crops for the Future." In Alternative Uses for Agricultural Surpluses, 125–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4327-8_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agricultural surpluses"

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RZEŹNIK, Wojciech, Ilona RZEŹNIK, and Paulina MIELCAREK. "IMPACT OF USING PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS IN PIGGERY ON GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.089.

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Farm buildings have a large number of unused roofs, where photovoltaic panels may be installed without limiting the agricultural land. In piggeries the largest demand for electricity has the ventilation system. The daily distribution of electricity demand is correlated to the diurnal variation of solar radiation. This allows immediate use the energy produced by photovoltaic panels. The aim of the study was to determine the energy demand of the ventilation system, to design a photovoltaic system for its operation and to determine the CO2 emission reduction. The research was carried out for the deep-litter piggery located in Poland. The demand for electricity was determined on the basis of three-year measurements of electricity consumption in the studied piggery. The photovoltaic system was designed to power the ventilation system. Mean annual demand was 26046 kWh. The designed PV system has power of 27 kWp (23984 kWh yr-1). Energy deficits (4591 kWh·yr-1) were noted for 8 months, and energy surpluses (2528 kWh·yr-1) for 4 months in a year. The reduction of CO2 emissions resulting from the use of a photovoltaic system to supply the ventilation system is 19.1 Mg CO2·yr-1 and represents 3% of the total greenhouse gases emissions from the piggery, expressed in CO2 equivalent. It may increase to 8.6% in case of installing the maximum number of PV panels system (maximum power of 78 kWp; total energy production 68526 kWh yr-1) on the southern part of the roof, but it requires the financial support for renewable energy by the government.
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CZYŻEWSKI, Bazyli, Sebastian STĘPIEŃ, and Jan POLCYN. "PAYMENTS FOR PUBLIC GOODS UNDER THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY VERSUS MARKET FAILURES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.008.

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In the reality of the marketplace, a situation often arises where an economic surplus (rent) achieved by agricultural producers is partly taken over by related non-agricultural sectors. In this sense the category of economic rent embraces market failures related to such factors as price flexibility, and thus represents an effect of the misallocation of resources in the agricultural sector. The question therefore arises of whether there exists a developmental model of agriculture in which such market failures would be reduced. Apparently the only coherent response to this need is action taken under the paradigm of sustainable agriculture. This type of model for the sector’s functioning is supported by the objectives of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), including through support for the supply of public goods in rural areas. This article addresses the question of whether CAP payments for public goods are a desirable systemic solution serving to reduce market failures. It is hypothesised that the financing of activity relating to the supply of public goods lessens the negative impact of the “market treadmill”, since it reduces the unexpected outflows of economic surplus away from farms, caused by agricultural prices. To verify the hypothesis, a panel regression analysis was performed on three sets: the EU-15 countries, the EU-12 countries, and – within Poland – subsectors of farms from six standard output classes. The analysis covered the years 2004–2012. The results of the computations provided confirmation of the hypothesis. It may be stated that an increase in the level of payments for public goods, as a percentage of total subsidies to agriculture, leads on average to a reduction in the drainage of economic rents through prices. It was also found that the financing of public goods under the CAP is more effective in reducing market failures in the EU-15 countries than in the EU-12.
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"Investigating the Long-Run Relationship between Energy Losses and Energy Supply Surplus." In International Conference On Agriculture, Ecology And Biological Engineering. Universal Researchers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/ur.u0915202.

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Han, Liping, Gerile, Baohua Sun, and Hongmei Zhao. "A quantitative analysis on agricultural surplus labor force migration and economic growth in China." In 2013 International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme133713.

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K.H.I, Gamage, Wickramasinghe R.S.R, and Gamage I.M.C. "Groundwater Quality Assessment in Anuradhapura for Domestic Purposes." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1006.

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The North central province plays the main agricultural role in Sri Lanka as a developing agricultural-based economy country in the world. Excessive amount of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater consumption is becoming a crucial issue on human health in Sri Lanka, especially in the North Central part of the country. Dental fluorosis and skeleton fluorosis are the major health impacts based on an excessive amount of fluoride as well as presumption on causing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nitrogenous compounds in groundwater for drinking have been considered possible risk factors for oesophageal cancer and haemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome. Human activities and natural processes have polluted groundwater. Having a lack of understanding of the actual need for fertilizer, farmers usually tend to apply the surplus amount, thus increasing nitrogen pollution. Accordingly, this research was conducted to deepen the understanding of the distribution of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater in the Anuradhapura area in terms of geological and anthropogenic influences on groundwater quality. Well water samples were collected from intensive agricultural activity areas in Anuradhapura. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed to identify whether the higher nitrate and fluoride or any compound of a mixture of heavy metals such as cadmium and/ or arsenic is the actual cause for kidney and other health-related issues among the community. Water samples' pHs were in the range of 6.7-7.7. All the wells can be categorized as low salinity water. Turbidity average of 3.51 NTU range of 1-8 NTU was found to be mainly contributed by nitrate at the average of 28.725 mg/L and ranged from (22-131) mg/L of nitrate. In addition, fluorite was found high in Anuradhapura with an average of 0.6 mg/L and ranged from (0.4 - 1.7) mg/L. Sulphate level was also high with an average of 178mg/L and ranged from (58-505 mg/L). There was no significant effect of heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, iron, and copper concentrations which were below the permissible level of 0.01mg/L. The research clearly indicates the abundance of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater, especially in the dry zone. The major sources are fluoride-bearing minerals in bedrock and soil zone. In addition to that, the influence of agriculture which causes excessive nitrate levels in groundwater, is apparent, irrespective of climatic zones.
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Dell, Robert, Michael Thomas Petralia, Ashish Pokharel, Gudmundur Gislason, and Runar Unnthorsson. "A Detachable Thermoelectric Generator As a Power Source for a 3G Camera Network Using a Steam Pipe As a Heat Source." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12250.

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Abstract The author’s patented thermoelectric generator system uses a steam pipe as a heat source and ambient cooling in an exterior location at the Agricultural University of Iceland. This produces up to 7.2 watts (W) steady state using 6 thermoelectric modules. The system has been powering a 3G webcam system since 2017 while it’s surplus power trickle charges 12 volt (V) batteries. New low power monitoring options originally developed for photovoltaic systems can be easily retrofitted for improved efficiency, additional and control options. The test results confirm the viability of a thermoelectric generator as power sources for security systems.
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Zhang, Jin-ying. "Impact of Low Carbon Agriculture on the Employment of Surplus Labor in Rural China." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998653.

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KOZLOVA, Natalia, Aleksandr BRIUKHANOV, Eduard VASILEV, and Ekaterina SHALAVINA. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK FARMS IN RUSSIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.189.

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The paper focuses on quantitative assessment of nitrogen flows in a livestock farm under transition to best available techniques BAT system in Russia. Comparative analysis of quantitative estimates of ammonia emissions from housing for dairy cows, fattening pigs, farrowing sows and laying hens was conducted using available literature data and information obtained through a survey of pilot livestock farms in Leningrad Region. Ammonia emission data for existing Russian enterprises were found in the range of BREF emission levels associated with BAT. The nitrogen farm-gate balance was calculated for the farm with 810 dairy cows, 2600 ha of agricultural land and milk yield of 22 kg/day. The nitrogen surplus was 48.3 kg/ha, which was below the limit values and indicated the possibility to increase the application amount of nitrogen fertilisers, however, nitrogen use efficiency of 0.21 was significantly below the European average. The viability of manure storage and spreading techniques recommended by European BREF, namely compost heaps covering and immediate incorporation of organic fertilisers after spreading, was estimated for this farm. The calculated values of total nitrogen losses are reduced by 20%; the saving of mineral fertilizers owing to higher nitrogen content in applied organic fertilisers can be 18 t / year. For the rough assessment of technologies on the initial stage of Russian reference books creation it is practicable to use the data from EU BREF on intensive rearing of pigs and poultry. When farms are assessed on the stage of integrated permits issue, it is feasible to use the measured air concentrations of hazardous substances along with the estimation of the whole-farm environmental impact by nitrogen use efficiency. For such estimates to be applied in Russia, the data needs to be collected and systematised for different categories of farms and for different climatic regions.
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Reports on the topic "Agricultural surpluses"

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Craig, Lee, and Thomas Weiss. Nutritional Status and Agricultural Surpluses in the Antebellum United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0099.

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