Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural systems – Bibliography'

Food systems and agricultural production techniques face complex challenges, as set out in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (ODS), for example, in addressing the food and nutritional security of the entire human population, a concern of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), when it proposes the necessary changes in agricultural systems, rural economies and the way natural resources are managed. All this action aims to reach a world free of hunger, malnutrition and quality of life. In this context, this research presents a systematic review of the bibliography dealing with food safety, facing to collect the main discussions about the new food models of the populations. It is a purely bibliographical research, descriptive and qualitative approach. For the treatment of the data collected, Star software was used. The keywords described in the sweep of the systematic review were: "food safety" AND "new food model" AND "food industry" in the Sciency Direct database. Due to the method of collection employed, 13 international articles were obtained, which discussed new food models of the populations in favor of food security. They are considered original texts and provide new fields of research and advances in eating practices.

The study of the current state of biobibliography of Buryatia, presented in the library web envi-ronment, was the purpose of this article. The author used methods of comparative analysis, monitoring of the web environment, bibliographic. The research results should include a representation of the forms of bio-bibliographic information that exists in the library web environment. The comparative characteristics of Internet resources contributes to the discovery of specifics in the creation of infor-mation products by libraries of various types and types. Links to websites identified in the process of studying the electronic environment can be used as a guide to the bio-bibliographic resources of the libraries of the republic. The article reflects bio-bibliographic information on library websites, which is publicly available. Traditional bio-bibliographic indexes are reviewed – digital copies and electronic versions of printed publications, original bibliographic products, complex electronic resources, databases that combine elements of bio-bibliographic, reference, full-text materials. Data on information products of scientific and public libraries was revealed: the National Library of the Republic of Buryatia, universities, the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BSC SB RAS), the Republican Library for Children and Youth, centralized library systems of the city of Ulan-Ude and the republic. Bibliographic information in the form of indexes, dictionaries (“Who's Who”), databases (“Teachers' Works”, etc.) has a special place on the websites of scientific libraries of universities: Buryat State University, East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Buryat State Agricultural Academy, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture. The website of the Central Scientific Library of the BSC SB RAS reflects the “Works of the BSC SB RAS employees” in the same heading, information on memorial libraries of prominent scientists in the field of physical and mathematical sciences, literary criticism, art history, ethnography, oriental studies. The website of the National Library of the Republic of Buryatia provides the most valuable edi-tions of local history topics: electronic versions of printed publications, reference and bibliographic databases, and electronic collections dedicated to prominent figures of the republic. Republican library for children and youth, Central City Library named after I.K. Kalashnikov, the centralized library sys-tems of Ulan-Ude and the republic are created and distributed in the Internet space, mainly bio-bibliographic information of recommendatory nature, in order to popularize the personality of the writer, public figure, war hero, historical character. Conclusions are made about the diversity of forms of bio-bibliographic information in the library web environment and, at the same time, the need to achieve common organizational and methodologi-cal approaches of libraries to create bio-bibliography in the republic and its presentation in the Internet space. The general picture of the state of biobibliography considered in the article, the mentioned names of famous figures of the republic give a curtailed knowledge about of the development of science, culture and other areas of public life in the past and in modern times.

Filtering and search mechanisms which permit to identify key bibliographic references are fundamental for researchers. In this paper we propose a fully automatic and semantic method for filtering/searching bibliographic data, which allows users to look for information by specifying simple keyword queries or document queries, i.e. by simply submitting existing documents to the system. The limitations of standard techniques, based on either syntactical text search and on manually assigned descriptors, are overcome by considering the semantics intrinsically associated to the document/query terms; to this aim, we exploit different kinds of external knowledge sources (both general and specific domain dictionaries or thesauri). The proposed techniques have been developed and successfully tested for agricultural bibliographic data, which play a central role to enable researchers and policy makers to retrieve related agricultural and scientific information by using the AGROVOC thesaurus.

Context: The process of formulating agricultural public policies is very complex due to the large number of variables involved in the process. That is why the development of decision support systems (DSS) help to improve this process. The article reviews the developments that have been made regarding the subject. Method: The method was to conduct a bibliographic review in several scientific databases, looking for developments of DSS systems applied to the process of formulating agricultural policies. When determining which DSS systems have been developed, a qualitative and descriptive analysis of the systems was carried out.

Urban sprawl, agricultural and livestock sprawl, are the main activities involved in economic development in the Midwest and Northern regions of Brazil and are directly associated with the conversion of native vegetation areas to pasture formation and agricultural production. The objective of this work was to carry out a review research regarding the deforestation arc due to the pressure of the agricultural borders. Information about the production systems in the Arc of Deforestation was collected through bibliographic references and web graphics. From 1988 to 2018, 13.72% of forest cover occurred, which lost natural forest areas, mainly due to the implementation of agricultural and urban expansion activities in the Midwest and Northern regions of Brazil. Regarding production areas, observe all states that are part of the deforestation arc. It requires the adoption of measures aimed at environmentally sound production, trying to combine the conservation of the Amazon Forest's natural resources with agricultural production.

El fenómeno de los sistemas de comercialización de productos agrícolas no es ajeno al contexto del régimen económico empresarial, en donde convergen como actores principales los productores, comerciantes intermediarios y público consumidor. Conocer que la aplicación de los principios del comercio justo permite mejorar el sistema de comercialización del tomate riñón en beneficio de los agricultores de la parroquia Licto (Cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo), es el objetivo del artículo científico. El estudio fue diseñado con un enfoque mixto cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizando los métodos deductivo e inductivo, con investigación descriptiva, transversal y no experimental, mediante el uso de una encuesta diseñada como instrumento de estudio de campo, aplicada a 355 productores agrícolas de tomate riñón de una Población Económicamente Activa de 4629 horticultores, que comercializan su producción en la Empresa Pública Municipal Mercado de Productores Agrícolas San Pedro de Riobamba EP-EMMPA (Mercado Mayorista de Riobamba - Ecuador); el estudio realizado durante el segundo semestre del año 2019 fue completado con indagación documental y bibliográfica. Los resultados revelaron que la aplicación de la filosofía del comercio justo permite obtener un adecuado sistema de comercialización de productos agrícolas, en beneficio de los agricultores, el 90% de los cultivadores así lo manifiestan. Se concluye que el comercio justo ayuda a mejorar el sistema de comercialización agrícola y cumplir con los principios de economía social, popular y solidaria, siendo de mucha utilidad para el sector productor agrícola.Palabras clave: Producción, agricultura, comercio, productor, economía, gestión ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of agricultural product marketing systems is not alien to the context of the business economic regime, where producers, intermediary traders and consuming public converge as main actors. Knowing that the application of the principles of fair trade allows to improve the kidney tomato marketing system for the benefit of the farmers of the Licto parish (Canton Riobamba, Chimborazo province), is the objective of the scientific article. The study was designed with a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, using deductive and inductive methods, with descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental research, using a survey designed as a field study instrument, applied to 355 kidney tomato agricultural producers. of an Economically Active Population of 4629 horticulturists, who commercialize their production in the Municipal Public Company Market of Agricultural Producers San Pedro de Riobamba EP-EMMPA (Wholesale Market of Riobamba - Ecuador); The study carried out during the second semester of 2019 was completed with documentary and bibliographic research. The results revealed that the application of the philosophy of fair trade allows obtaining an adequate marketing system for agricultural products, for the benefit of farmers, 90% of growers say so. It is concluded that fair trade helps to improve the agricultural marketing system and comply with the principles of social, popular and solidarity economy, being very useful for the agricultural producing sector.Key words: Production, agriculture, trade, producer, economy, management

A brief review of the UK agricultural industry and the organisations which support it is given. The increasing use of computers, large and small, to assist in all aspects of scientific and technical information (STI) and library work in organiza tions of all kinds and sizes is discussed, with examples. The move beyond on-line bibliographic literature searches to those involving specialist factual databanks and the link with word processing to provide indexes to in-house reports is included. The differing needs of small and large organizations, and those with several office locations are considered. The problem of software packages' (lack of) robustness and comprehensiveness together with their specificity which prevents easy data transfer between computers or over networks is highlighted. The possi bilities of videotex as a bridging device for end-users to bypass computing type problems' are discussed, along with the need to keep data secure from unauthorised users. It is argued that the opportunity for total integration of information services in an organization, beyond traditional STI and library areas, with the help of computers, should now be taken.

AGRIS is the International System for Agricultural Science and Technology. It is supported by a large community of data providers, partners and users. AGRIS is a database that aggregates bibliographic data, and through this core data, related content across online information systems is retrieved by taking advantage of Semantic Web capabilities. AGRIS is a global public good and its vision is to be a responsive service to its user needs by facilitating contributions and feedback regarding the AGRIS core knowledgebase, AGRIS’s future and its continuous development. Periodic AGRIS e-consultations, partner meetings and user feedback are assimilated to the development of the AGRIS application and content coverage. This paper outlines the current AGRIS technical set-up, its network of partners, data providers and users as well as how AGRIS’s responsiveness to clients’ needs inspires the continuous technical development of the application. The paper concludes by providing a use case of how the AGRIS stakeholder input and the subsequent AGRIS e-consultation results influence the development of the AGRIS application, knowledgebase and service delivery.

The social media revolution is having a dramatic effect on the world of scientific publication. Scientists now publish their research interests, theories and outcomes across numerous channels, including personal blogs and other thematic web spaces where ideas, activities and partial results are discussed. Accordingly, information systems that facilitate access to scientific literature must learn to cope with this valuable and varied data, evolving to make this research easily discoverable and available to end users. In this paper we describe the incremental process of discovering web resources in the domain of agricultural science and technology. Making use of Linked Open Data methodologies, we interlink a wide array of custom-crawled resources with the AGRIS bibliographic database in order to enrich the user experience of the AGRIS website. We also discuss the SemaGrow Stack, a query federation and data integration infrastructure used to estimate the semantic distance between crawled web resources and AGRIS.

The social media revolution is having a dramatic effect on the world of scientific publication. Scientists now publish their research interests, theories and outcomes across numerous channels, including personal blogs and other thematic web spaces where ideas, activities and partial results are discussed. Accordingly, information systems that facilitate access to scientific literature must learn to cope with this valuable and varied data, evolving to make this research easily discoverable and available to end users. In this paper we describe the incremental process of discovering web resources in the domain of agricultural science and technology. Making use of Linked Open Data methodologies, we interlink a wide array of custom-crawled resources with the AGRIS bibliographic database in order to enrich the user experience of the AGRIS website. We also discuss the SemaGrow Stack, a query federation and data integration infrastructure used to estimate the semantic distance between crawled web resources and AGRIS.

Embora a produção sustentável e a agroecologia tenham relevância e vasta quantidade de artigos, há insuficiência de materiais sistemáticos que auxiliem no emprego operativo das características sustentáveis na produção. Esse trabalho traz uma base conceitual que direciona para a sistematização pragmática, no que diz respeito à produção orgânica, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. A produção de alimentos em sistemas agroecológicos tem por princípios a adoção de práticas de uso saudável e consciente dos recursos naturais. A produção de orgânicos no Brasil vem apresentando crescimento significativo. Esse avanço está sendo possível devido ao modelo diversificado dos mecanismos de controle de qualidade para produtos de origem ecológica, uma vez que há maior acesso para o registro dos mesmos. Porém, o setor enfrenta várias dificuldades, como problemas de logística, processos burocráticos na certificação e déficit de insumos, além de carência de informações técnicas. Para que tais barreiras sejam superadas, investimentos em pesquisas científicas para aprimorar as técnicas de produção e estratégias de marketing para promoção dos alimentos orgânicos são recursos indispensáveis para o avanço do sistema. Além disso, o governo deve desenvolver políticas para ampliação da produção, oferta e consumo de produtos orgânicos para fortalecer e incentivar tal modelo produtivo. Palavras-chaves: Alimentos Orgânicos. Certificação. Sistemas Agroecológicos, Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável. Abstract Although sustainable production and agroecology have relevance and a vast number of articles, there is a lack of systematic materials that assist in the operational use of sustainable characteristics in production. This work provides a conceptual basis that leads to pragmatic systematization, regarding organic production, through a bibliographic review. The food production in agroecological systems is based on the adoption of healthy and conscious use of natural resources practices. Organic production in Brazil has been showing significant growth. This progress is being made possible due to the diversified model of quality control mechanisms for ecological origin products, since there is greater access to their registration. However, the sector faces several difficulties, such as logistical problems, bureaucratic processes in certification and deficit of inputs, in addition to a lack of technical information. For these barriers to be overcome, investments in scientific research to improve production techniques and marketing strategies for promoting organic food are indispensable resources for the system advancement. In addition, the government must develop policies to expand the production, supply and consumption of organic products to strengthen and encourage such a productive model. Keywords: Organic Food. Certification. Agroecological Systems. Sustainable Rural Development.

In the 1970s, synopsis publishing was one of the topics raised in discussions on the future of primary communication. Tradi tional publishing practices were widely felt to be inefficient for users and producers alike. Since economic constraints were the main incentive for most synopsis publishing experiments, inter est in this idea faded away when journal publishers no longer felt that their journals' future was jeopardized, though author resistance was the main cause of the early discontinuation of many of these experiments. In this paper a plea is made for the virtues of synopsis publishing, not only as an economic necess ity but also for fundamental reasons, for the possibility it gives to separate physically the access, dissemination and archival functions of primary journals. Several attempts have been, and are being, made to improve the accessibility and availability of 'grey' scholarly literature, a large proportion of the world's scientific literature. Thus paper discusses some of these attempts and suggests that the dissemi nation function could be improved by bridging the gap between the bibliographic information in databases and the full docu ments in depositories. Most experiments in synopsis publishing so far have been based on full papers used as back-up for the synopses; the full papers were either published in mini- or microform, or made available on request. Grey literature as back-up to synopses has hardly been discussed in the literature, and the only standard on synopsis publishing issued so far treats this possibility only in an aside. This paper discusses the applicability of the synop sis publishing principle to grey reports and concludes that such ventures are likely to meet less disapproval and resistance from authors and other parties involved than are article-based sys tems. In 1984, Pudoc established the Netherlands Agricultural Report Depository (NARD), a venture in synopsis publishing based on Dutch unpublished reports in agriculture and (ap plied) biology. NARD's approach, procedures and early results are briefly discussed.

Revision of GOST 20793-2009 standard updates the list of normative documents required for certification of agricultural machinery and will contribute to the improvement of methods of organization of maintenance of modernized tractors and agricultural machines, will allow using modern methods of increasing of their resource. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the efficiency of maintenance of agricultural and forestry tractors and other self-propelled agricultural machines in their operation by optimizing the periods of work, the implementation of express control of lubricating oils, the use of built-in diagnostic systems, organoleptic diagnosis by quality characteristics, as well as the introduction in motor and transmission oil of repair friction components using a special technology. (Materials and methods) The authors noted the need for examination of the draft standard by specialists of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and agricultural machinery and a detailed analysis of the comments and suggestions received during development of the final version of the draft standard. The draft standard of the first edition was sent for feedback to specialists, interested organizations and enterprises of the Russian Federation, as well as organizations of neighboring countries. (Results and discussion) Authors have reviewed the comments and suggestions; accepted all editorial comments; agreed bibliographic references and aligned the units of measurement; prepared the final version of the GOST 20793 project, corresponding to the conditions of the current state of the machine-technical park and engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. Authors have sent the draft of the final version for editing and approval to Rosstandart. (Conclusion) The introduction of the improved standard will contribute to improving the efficiency and increasing the service life of worn-out units of agricultural machines, reducing the cost of their technical operation. For the first time, the types and basic rules of the maintenance procedure were unified. The implementation of the requirements of the standard will build the processes of work in the field of production and distribution of products and certification, improve the efficiency of technical service in the agro-industrial complex, resource reliability and efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet.

The need to recognize diverse actors, their knowledge and values is being widely promoted as critical for sustainability in contemporary land use, natural resource management and conservation initiatives. However, in much of the case study literature, the value of including indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in the management and governance of landscapes tends to be overlooked and undervalued. Understanding ILK as comprising indigenous, local and traditional knowledge, this systematic review synthesizes how ILK has been viewed and incorporated into landscape-based studies; what processes, mechanisms and areas of focus have been used to integrate it; and the challenges and opportunities that arise in doing so. Queries from bibliographic databases (Web of Science, JSTOR, Scopus and Africa Wide) were employed. Findings from the review underscore that the literature and case studies that link landscapes and ILK are dominated by a focus on agricultural systems, followed by social-ecological systems, indigenous governance, natural resource management, biodiversity conservation and climate change studies, especially those related to early warning systems for disaster risk reduction. The growing importance of multi-stakeholder collaborations in local landscape research and the promotion of inclusive consultations have helped to bring ILK to the fore in the knowledge development process. This, in turn, has helped to support improved landscape management, governance and planning for more resilient landscapes. However, more research is needed to explore ways to more effectively link ILK and scientific knowledge in landscape studies, particularly in the co-management of these social-ecological systems. More studies that confirm the usefulness of ILK, recognize multiple landscape values and their interaction with structures and policies dealing with landscape management and conservation are necessary for enhanced sustainability.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">Changes in agricultural land use as a consequence of an increased demand of energy crops have resulted in an increase of maize cropped area in many regions of Germany. The focus on maize as main biogas substrate, has led in some cases to negative ecological and environmental impacts, such as a loss of agro biodiversity reflected in a loss of field flora and fauna biodiversity. The present paper deals with the evaluation of the fauna in different bioenergy cropping systems on two sites in South-West Germany, with a special focus on the species richness of carabid beetle (<em>Coleoptera: Carabidae</em>) assemblages as an indicator for the general status of diversity. A maize field, an agroforestry system with maize and different tree species as well as different alternative biogas crops (amaranth, sunflower) was investigated for their carabid beetle activity, density, and species richness using pitfall traps. Moreover, for an adequate evaluation of the carabid assemblages different common diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity (<em>H’</em>), Simpson diversity (<em>D</em>) and Evenness (<em>J’</em>)) were used. In the case of the maize field on both field edges 8 and 6 carabid beetle species, respectively were trapped, while in the field centre 2 carabid beetle species were trapped. The agroforestry system indicated slightly higher crabid beetle species richness close to the tree strips. The investigation of alternative biogas crops showed no significant differences in carabid beetle diversity. Overall, the results of the different studies showed, that biodiversity of bioenergy cropping systems could be enhanced by the creation of refuge areas for carabid beetles or other animals. Refuges could be either field margins with grass and hedgerows or strips of more extensively used perennial energy crops across the field. </span></p>

The understanding of the relationships between the planktonic communities in a reservoir allows us to infer possible changes in the redistribution of matter and energy flows in these systems. This work proposes a dynamic model for the trophic network of the Riogrande II tropical reservoir, which integrates the planktonic trophic chains of detritus and grazing, limiting the prey-predator interactions by introducing the prey meeting factor (pmf). We built a dynamic model of mass balance supported by an extensive bibliographic search. The limitations of consumers and resources were represented simultaneously by means of the pmf. The data used to validate the model were compiled from previous investigations carried out in this reservoir from 2010 to 2013. The values of pmf that we found in each simulation suggest that the top predator can access its main prey in certain concentrations of total phosphorus, with a probability of encounter ranging from 9.3 % to 17.7 %. Our simulations indicate that most of the primary production is poorly used by the primary consumers in the photic zone, however, it enters in the flows of the detrital chain and supports the production of zooplankton almost entirely. According to this finding, the biomass densities obtained in the previous studies can be better explained by the causal relationships assumed in this model.

The health benefits of tomato, a vegetable consumed daily in human diets, have received great attention in the scientific community, and a great deal of experiments have tested their utility against several diseases. Herein, we present a scientometric analysis of recent works aimed to estimate the biological effects of tomato, focusing on bibliographic metadata, type of testers, target systems, and methods of analysis. A remarkably variable array of strategies was reported, including testers obtained by standard and special tomatoes, and the use of in vitro and in vivo targets, both healthy and diseased. In vitro, 21 normal and 36 cancer human cell lines derived from 13 different organs were used. The highest cytotoxic effects were reported on cancer blood cells. In vivo, more experiments were carried out with murine than with human systems, addressing healthy individuals, as well as stressed and diseased patients. Multivariate analysis showed that publications in journals indexed in the agriculture category were associated with the use of fresh tomatoes; conversely, medicine and pharmacology journals were associated with the use of purified and formulate testers. Studies conducted in the United States of America preferentially adopted in vivo systems and formulates, combined with blood and tissue analysis. Researchers in Italy, China, India, and Great Britain mostly carried out in vitro research using fresh tomatoes. Gene expression and proteomic analyses were associated with China and India. The emerging scenario evidences the somewhat dichotomic approaches of plant geneticists and agronomists and that of cell biologists and medicine researchers. A higher integration between these two scientific communities would be desirable to foster the assessment of the benefits of tomatoes to human health.

Pesticides, including organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), and carbamate (CB) compounds, are widely used in agricultural and indoor purposes. OP and CB act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that affect lots of organs such as peripheral and central nervous systems, muscles, liver, pancreas, and brain, whereas OC are neurotoxic involved in alteration of ion channels. There are several reports about metabolic disorders, hyperglycemia, and also oxidative stress in acute and chronic exposures to pesticides that are linked with diabetes and other metabolic disorders. In this respect, there are several in vitro and in vivo but few clinical studies about mechanism underlying these effects. Bibliographic databases were searched for the years 1963–2010 and resulted in 1652 articles. After elimination of duplicates or irrelevant papers, 204 papers were included and reviewed. Results indicated that OP and CB impair the enzymatic pathways involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein within cytoplasm, mitochondria, and proxisomes. It is believed that OP and CB show this effect through inhibition of AChE or affecting target organs directly. OC mostly affect lipid metabolism in the adipose tissues and change glucose pathway in other cells. As a shared mechanism, all OP, CB and OC induce cellular oxidative stress via affecting mitochondrial function and therefore disrupt neuronal and hormonal status of the body. Establishing proper epidemiological studies to explore exact relationships between exposure levels to these pesticides and rate of resulted metabolic disorders in human will be helpful.

Verbascum species (common mullein) have been widely used in Spanish folk medicine to treat pathologies related to the musculature, skeleton, and circulatory, digestive, and respiratory systems, as well as to treat infectious diseases and organ-sense illnesses. These applications support the potential anti-inflammatory action of Verbascum phytochemicals. Based on the aforementioned facts, and following a deep bibliographic review of the chemical composition of the 10 species of Verbascum catalogued by the Spanish Inventory of Traditional Knowledge related to Biodiversity, we look for scientific evidences to correlate the traditional medical uses with the chemical components of these plants. To support these findings, in silico simulations were performed to investigate molecular interactions between Verbascum phytochemicals and cellular components. Most of common mullein traditional uses could rely on the anti-inflammatory action of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, and it could explain the employment of these plants to treat a wide range of diseases mediated by inflammatory processes such as respiratory diseases, otitis, arthrosis, and rheumatism among others.

Forests are defined in many different ways. Apart from ecological and structural factors, associated values and provided ecosystem services are an important part of forest definitions. Typically, forest types are differentiated based on climatic regions and on degrees of human modification. A better understanding of how to distinguish different forests on the basis of the values they provide is needed to advance global policies put forward by organisations such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), or the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These policies so far approach all forests in a similar manner, regardless of their condition. Without this distinction, benefits stemming from forest intactness and their contribution to global environmental challenges remain unaccounted for. Forest definitions provide the basis for policies and monitoring systems driving or enabling deforestation, degradation, reforestation, and restoration. Here, we provide a systematic approach to disentangle and synthesise different value classifications of forests. As part of a collaboration between ETH Zurich, the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), the University of Liège and Biotope, Forest Stewardship Council International (FSC) commissioned a systematic map that aims to clarify how definitions of forests of high value are understood and described. Focusing on forests of high value, the systematic map will address three research questions: (1) How are various terms linked to forests of high value defined in the literature?; (2) Do definitions vary between different actors?; and (3) How common are the various definitions? Bibliographic databases and organisational websites will be searched, and internet search engines used to find relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature. The searches will be conducted in English, French and Spanish. Data extraction and coding will be performed at the same time when full texts are considered for inclusion. Definitions will be extracted as well as their respective sources and other study information. We will produce a catalogue of definitions for different terms associated with forests of high value, a narrative synthesis describing the evidence base, and visualisations illustrating the relationships between definitions and terms for forests of high value and their frequencies in the literature.

An ever-increasing demand for agriculture while conserving biodiversity, maintaining livelihoods, and providing critical ecosystem services is one of the largest challenges for tropical land management across the Central American Isthmus today. Climatic and anthropogenic drivers threaten to cause changes in the forest cover and composition for this region, and therefore, understanding the dynamics of these systems and their variability across space and through time is important for discerning current and future responses. Such information is of value especially for risk mitigation, planning, and conservation purposes. The understanding of the forests, water, and land use for this region through time is currently limited, yet it is essential for understanding current patterns of change, particularly with reference to: (i) forest fragmentation; (ii) water availability; and (iii) land management. Through the examination of biotic (e.g., pollen, diatoms, and Sporormiella) and abiotic (e.g., δ 18O, CaCO3, and magnetic susceptibility) proxies, extracted from environmental archives, evidence for longer-term environmental changes can be inferred and linked to drivers of change including climate, burning, and human activities. Proxy environmental data from terrestrial depositional archives across the Central American Isthmus were identified and mapped following best practice for systematic evidence synthesis. Results from the evidence base were summarised to show the spatial and temporal extent of the published datasets. A total of 12,474 articles were identified by a comprehensive search in three major bibliographic databases. From these, 425 articles were assessed for relevance at full-text, and 149 fully met inclusion criteria for the review. These articles yielded 648 proxy records in 167 study sites that were mapped on an interactive map with filters to allow full exploration of the evidence base. Just under half of the studies were published in the last decade. Most studies extracted their data from lake sediments, with a focus on moist tropical forests in lowland sites in Guatemala, Belize, and Mexico. The largest data gaps in the evidence base are Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and El Salvador. There are also significant evidence gaps for dry tropical forests, coniferous forests, mangroves, and grasslands. Most of the studies assessed had methodological or presentational limitations that make future meta-analysis difficult and significantly affect the ability to draw conclusions that are helpful for future decision-making. A degree of standardisation, transparency, and repeatability in reporting would be beneficial to harness the findings of the existing evidence base and to shape future research in this geographical area. The systematic map of the evidence base highlights six key review topic areas that could be targeted, if the raw data could be obtained, including: (i) dating uncertainty and standardising reporting; (ii) land use change across space and time; (iii) dispersal pathways of agriculture; (iv) the role and impacts of fire and burning; (v) changes in hydro-climate, water availability, and the risk of tropical storms; and (vi) forest resilience and recovery.

BACKGROUND: A devastating drought is ravaging Africa, with Ethiopia being the worst-hit country. Ethiopia&rsquo;s economy is predominantly reliant on rain-fed farming and livestock. The agriculture sector contributes up to 85% of the country&rsquo;s livelihoods. The drought has threatened agro-economy and health of over 15 million agro-pastoralist population who herd the largest livestock in Africa. Some governments announced its commitment in the UN to extend support for the drought-affected people. The Sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction prioritizes proactive rather than reactive relief response that can promote health resilience. Applying population health matrices can serve the purpose by exploring the determinants of health, their impacts on the differential health outcomes for population sub-groups and to improve the overall health of the population by addressing the health inequity. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the critical population health outcomes, underlying determinants, and the leverage points for actions that can guide effective policies and interventions for building health resilience for the vulnerable agro-pastoralist population in Ethiopia. METHODS: Two researchers searched nine academic and grey literature bibliographic databases for drought literature and related health interventions. We used the PRISMA checklist to synthesize data and Hamilton tools to evaluate individual study quality. We analyzed data employing disaster vulnerability and WHO&rsquo;s social determinants of health and health equity frameworks. Socioeconomic, political and cultural backgrounds are examined to identify policy and leverage points for effective population health interventions. RESULTS: Health issues are diverse that revolve around the major determinants of health such as food security, infrastructure, health systems, disaster preparedness, household productivity-income, livestock dependence and access to the market economy. These determinants are further affected by socioeconomic, political and cultural contexts. Despite dire vulnerability and health inequity, some potentials evolved from recent public health field practices as the leverage points for policy actions and interventions. CONCLUSION: The recommended interventions can be implemented through an interdisciplinary population health approach to get the maximum impacts on health resilience. Evidence gathered from the worst drought niche in Africa can be useful to tackle similar droughts induced health issues in other parts of the continent. Future intervention research on the ground can generate robust evidence for action to build health resilience.

The aim of the article is to develop a method and a device for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines and reducing noise taking into account the current mode of operation of the engine. This is done with the help of installing a liquid catalyst (LC) into the exhaust system, ensuring the processes of trapping, chemical bonding and neutralization of toxic components and soot particles in the aerosol chamber while the vortex flow is being processed by a neutralizing solution supplied under pressure. Then the flow is divided into phases and toxic components and soot are separated in the centrifugal swirl drop separator (SDS).The developed and tested design of an exhaust gas cleaning device installed instead of the standard D-120 engine exhaust system and an automated cleaning process control system make it possible to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases (EG): nitrogen oxides by 40 %, hydrocarbons by 43 % and soot by 70 %. The noise level of its work in enclosed spaces was reduced by 16–22 %. The device also had low gas-dynamic resistance.The investigation methodology is based on the use of modern methods and measuring devices. Exhaust gas tester META “Autotest CO – CH – CO2 – O2 – λ – NOx” was used to measure the toxicity of exhaust gases. To measure smoking at the exhaust of the diesel engine, the opacity meter META-01MP was used. The gas flow velocity was measured with ATT-1004 thermo-anemometer, the noise level of the tractor was recorded with noise and vibration meter VSHV–003–M2, and the fuel consumption with SIRT-1 meter.Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of the laws of gas dynamics, the modern theory of statistical analysis, and experiment planning techniques. When developing an experimental LC model, dependencies were obtained, which allow to achieve the optimal design and technological parameters of the wet cleaning system for diesel exhaust gases.The optimization of the design parameters and the processing of experimental data were carried out with the help of modern software using the methods of mathematical statistics using computers.The current methods of reducing the toxicity of engines consist primarily in improving the design of engines, in order to influence the nature of the working process, the use of alternative fuels and additives, exhaust gas recirculation, as well as installing various types of exhaust gas catalytic systems. Measures related to the introduction of constructive changes in engines require some major restructuring of the industry, which is difficult to achieve in modern conditions. Alternative fuels have not yet been widely used in agriculture. Therefore, today the most effective and acceptable means of achieving environmental standards is the installation of various mobile catalysts in the exhaust system, as well as devices for trapping soot particles. The use of this exhaust gas cleaning system for diesel engines functioning in enclosed spaces can significantly improve the working conditions of the personnel and have a slight effect on the power and fuel-economic performance of the power unit, reducing the power of the D-120 engine of the T-30 tractor equipped with an upgraded exhaust system when taking external speed characteristics averaged 1.6 %, the torque was 1.5 % and the increase in specific fuel consumption was 1.8 %.In this paper we used materials from scientific publications indexed by bibliographic abstract databases of Scopus and Web of Science.

Agricultural parcels are often the subject of land valuation studies. This approach implicitly assumes that the real estate value of the land belonging to a farm is the sum of the values of the individual parcels that make up the farm. Nonetheless, the value of a whole can be very different from the sum of its parts. This study proposes a methodology for calculating the real estate value of the land belonging to a farm, by including parameters relating to the fragmentation of the land. Fragmentation increases production costs and reduces farmers’ incomes and by extension the real estate value of the farm. In our study area, the province of Jaen in Spain, figures for its most emblematic crop, the olive, show that fragmentation of the land reduces its value by between 51% for a 10 ha farm and 12% for a 30 ha farm as compared to the values set out in the bibliography. The reorganization of the ownership system or the promotion of systems for the common management of land could increase the profitability and therefore the value of land according to the ‘income capitalization’ approach.

Abstract In the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB), publications providing evidence for a specific protein annotation entry are organized across different categories, such as function, interaction and expression, based on the type of data they contain. To provide a systematic way of categorizing computationally mapped bibliographies in UniProt, we investigate a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify publications with accession annotations according to UniProtKB categories. The main challenge of categorizing publications at the accession annotation level is that the same publication can be annotated with multiple proteins and thus be associated with different category sets according to the evidence provided for the protein. We propose a model that divides the document into parts containing and not containing evidence for the protein annotation. Then, we use these parts to create different feature sets for each accession and feed them to separate layers of the network. The CNN model achieved a micro F1-score of 0.72 and a macro F1-score of 0.62, outperforming baseline models based on logistic regression and support vector machine by up to 22 and 18 percentage points, respectively. We believe that such an approach could be used to systematically categorize the computationally mapped bibliography in UniProtKB, which represents a significant set of the publications, and help curators to decide whether a publication is relevant for further curation for a protein accession. Database URL: https://goldorak.hesge.ch/bioexpclass/upclass/.

Abstract Background Agriculture is the main sector responsible for nutrient emissions in the Baltic Sea Region and there is a growing pressure to identify cost-effective solutions towards reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loads originating from farming activities. Recycling resources from agricultural waste is central to the idea of a circular economy, and has the potential to address the most urgent problems related to nutrients use in the food chain, such as depletion of natural phosphorus reserves, water pollution and waste management. This systematic map examined what evidence exists relating to the effectiveness of ecotechnologies in agriculture for the recovery and reuse of carbon and/or nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Baltic Sea region and other comparable boreo-temperate systems. Methods We searched for both academic and grey literature. English language searches were performed in 5 bibliographic databases and search platforms, and Google Scholar. Searches in 36 specialist websites were performed in English, Finnish, Polish and Swedish. The searches were restricted to the period 2013 to 2017. Eligibility screening was conducted at two levels: title and abstract (screened concurrently for efficiency) and full text. Meta-data was extracted from eligible studies including bibliographic details, study location, ecotechnology name and description, type of outcome (i.e. recovered or reused carbon and/or nutrients), type of ecotechnology in terms of recovery source, and type of reuse (in terms of the end-product). Findings are presented here narratively and in a searchable database, and are also visualised in a web-based evidence atlas (an interactive geographical information system). In addition, knowledge gaps and clusters have been identified in the evidence base and described in detail. Results We found 173 articles studying the effectiveness of 177 ecotechnologies. The majority of eligible articles were in English, originated from bibliographic databases and were published in 2016. Most studies with reported locations, and given our boreo-temperate scope, were conducted in Europe and North America. The three most prevalent ecotechnologies in the evidence base (collectively 40.7%) were; soil amendments, anaerobic digestion and (vermi)composting. Manure was the principal waste source used for recovery of nutrients or carbon, making up 55.4% of the all studies in evidence base, followed by a combination of manure and crop residues (22%). There were 51 studies with 14 ecotechnologies that reported on recovery of carbon and nutrients together, predominantly via (vermi)composting and anaerobic digestion. Only 27 studies focused on reuse of recovered nutrients and carbon through soil amendments. Conclusions This systematic map report provides an evidence base that can be useful for researchers and decision-makers in policy and practice working on transformation from linear to circular economy in the agricultural waste sector. Three potential topics for future systematic reviews are: (1) effectiveness of products recovered from different types of agricultural wastes as soil amendments or fertilizers; (2) effectiveness of anaerobic digestion as an ecotechnology used for recovery of nutrients and carbon; (3) effectiveness of composting and/or vermicomposting as ecotechnologies used for recovery of nutrients and carbon.

Worldwide edible mushroom production on agro-industrial residues comprises of more than 11 million tons of fresh mushrooms per year. For 1 kg of mushrooms there is 5 kg of spent mushroom compost (SMC). This enormous amount of waste results in disposal problems. However, SMC is a waste product of the mushroom industry, which contains mycelium and high levels of remnant nutrients such as organic substances (N, P, K). The spent mushroom compost is usually intended for utilization, but there are increasing numbers of experiments focusing on its reuse in agricultural and horticultural production. Recently, the increase of the global environmental consciousness and stringent legislation have focused research towards the application of sustainable and circular processes. Innovative and environmentally friendly systems of utilisation of waste streams have increased interest of the scientific community. Circular economy implies that agricultural waste will be the source for retrieving high value-added compounds. The goal of the present work was to carry out a bibliographic review of the different scenarios, regarding the exploitation of this low cost feedstock with huge potential for valorisation.

According to a worldwide well-known attitude, also in Italy, the assessment of scientific production in the last decades has been progressively based on the analysis of the impact through bibliometric variables. Various data sets, such as Scopus by Elsevier and Web of Science by Thomson Reuters, are designed and maintained to index a steadily increasing range of essays: mostly journal articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings. The indexing relays on the capacity to evaluate and update specific impact measures by keeping track of the citations representing the relations between the essays. The related opportunity to interpret bibliographic systems as research and development (R&D) networks attracted the interest of scientists operating, beyond the field of bibliometric analysis, in the realm of social networking. Network analysis belongs to mechanical statistics and is able to make sense of interconnected systems including very large sets of nodes and links. In this paper, we present a network approach to the review of the scientific production in the time period January, 2003-June, 2016 of Italian agricultural engineers, namely scientists belonging to the Italian ministerial scientific disciplinary sector AGR/10 - rural buildings and agro-forestry territory. Starting from 238 articles indexed in the Web of Knowledge database and published by 87 AGR/10 scholars, we apply four network analysis approaches to the study of the citations among articles, the most influential journals and topics, the co-authorship, the most favourite keywords with their evolution in time, and the communities’ pattern. We discover that Italian agricultural engineers are interlaced in a sparse network with a still limited tendency toward citing each other and are inclined to team up in established research groups based on a single university. As for the dualism between rural buildings and territory, we document on a relevant expansion of the issues related to landscape analysis and planning and a continuous renewal of studies concerning the relation between rural buildings and biomass and energy management. We advance that Italian agricultural engineers are not confronted anymore with two monolithic macro themes, i.e. building design and landscape analysis and planning. Instead, the complexity and interplay between these two domains has dramatically increased in a somehow diverging universe of even more specialised and trans-scale topics.

Abstract Background Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a vital step in limiting climate change and meeting the goals outlined in the COP 21 Paris Agreement of 2015. Studies have suggested that agriculture accounts for around 11% of total greenhouse gas emissions and the industry has a significant role in meeting international and national climate change reduction objectives. However, there is currently little consensus on the mechanisms that regulate the production and assimilation of greenhouse gases in arable land and the practical factors that affect the process. Practical advice for farmers is often overly general, and models based on the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, for example, are used despite a lack of knowledge of how local conditions affect the process, such as the importance of humus content and soil types. Here, we propose a systematic map of the evidence relating to the impact on greenhouse gas flux from the agricultural management of arable land in temperate regions. Methods Using established methods for systematic mapping in environmental sciences we will search for, collate and catalogue research studies relating to the impacts of farming in temperate systems on greenhouse gas emissions. We will search 6 bibliographic databases using a tested search string, and will hand search a web-based search engine and a list of organisational web sites. Furthermore, evidence will be sought from key stakeholders. Search results will then be screened for relevance at title, abstract and full text levels according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. Consistency checking will be employed to ensure the criteria are being applied accurately and consistently. Relevant studies will then be subjected to coding and meta-data extraction, which will be used to populate a systematic map database describing each relevant study’s settings, methods and measured outcomes. The mapping process will help to identify knowledge gaps (subjects lacking in evidence warranting further primary research) and knowledge clusters (subjects with sufficient studies to allow a useful full systematic review), and will highlight best and suboptimal research methods.

ABSTRACT New tools, metrics, and methods in agriculture, food systems, and nutrition (A&N) research proliferated in the decade following the 2007–2008 food price crisis. We map these developments across themes derived from conceptual A&N pathways and expert consultations. We created an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) from a systematic search of published and gray literature since 2008, following Campbell Collaboration guidelines. We retrieved over 30,000 reports from published literature databases, and individually searched 20 online repositories. We systematically screened 24,359 reports by title and/or abstract, 1577 by full report, and included 904 eligible reports. The EGM consists of rows of thematic domains and columns of types of tools, metrics, and methods, as well as extensive coding applied as filters. Each cell of the map represents research surrounding a type of tool, metric, or method within a given theme. Reports in each cell are grouped by stage of development, which expand to a corresponding bibliography. Users can filter EGM reports by various characteristics. The 4 most populated domains were: diets, nutrition, and health; primary food production; water, sanitation, and hygiene; and environment and sustainability. The 4 most common types of metrics, methods, and tools were: diet metrics; footprint analysis (especially water); technology applications; and network or Bayesian analysis. Gaps represent areas of few or no reports of innovation between 2008 and 2018. There were gaps in reports and innovations related to: power or conflicts of interest; food environments; markets; private sector engagement; food loss and waste; conflict; study design and system-level tools, metrics, and methods. The EGM is a comprehensive tool to navigate advances in measurement in A&N research: to highlight trends and gaps, conduct further synthesis and development, and prioritize the agenda for future work. This narrative synthesis accompanies the EGM, which can be found at https://www.anh-academy.org/evidence-and-gap-map.

Introduction: Cryphiops caementarius, is an endemic prawn from river ecosystems in Southern Perú and Northern Chile. In these watersheds, natural populations are threatened by multiple anthropic interventions such as mining activities and fishing pressure, but also, by increasing impacts of invasive exotic predators. Information related with predation on C. caementarius is scarce representing a major knowledge gap to ensure suitable management and conservation practices. Accordingly, the further deepening in relevant aspects such as the estimation of populations losses due to predators has been indicated as critical by relevant agencies as FAO. Objective: To conduct a complete registry and classification of C. caementarius predators, updating the knowledge for the Andean region. Methods: A thorough bibliographic review on existing information on C. caementarius' predators from Perú and Chile was carried out calculating percentage of occurrence, relative frequency of species, zoogeographic origin, trophic structure, phenotypic attributes, river zone that inhabits and life stage of incidence. The registry was complemented using semi-structured interviews from prawn´s fishers in central-Northern Chile. Results: C. caementarius is predated along the entire fluvial network (estuary, potamon and rhithron) by 21 species of opportunists, carnivores, omnivores and herbivores, mostly aquatic vertebrates. In turn, these belong to 15 families and six guilds of native, exotic and cosmopolitan species. Approximately 86 % predate on adult prawns, whilst, 71 % on juveniles and 24 % on larvae. More than 40 % of the predation pressure seems to be exerted by native waterfowls and 24 % by exotic fish. Conclusions: The results emphasize the relevance for conservation of native species of predators in the Andean region and the need of control measures on exotic species in a latitudinal basis. Accordingly, this review may serve as an initial decision-making tool for future conservation efforts both on prawns and native biota, but also supporting restocking actions, fisheries management plans and risk assessment for C. caementariuspopulations across the Andean region.

In the region of M'Sila, a steppe zone and characteristic of a dominant agro-pastoral framework, the local olive sector has certainly grown in terms of area expansion, but the information available indicates that its future in terms of performance is dependent on a series of internal and external factors. The aim of this article is to highlight the main explanatory variables by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the sector, the opportunities and threats linked to its environment. Two methods are used: the first, SWOT, constitutes a structured diagnostic framework and a universal decision-support tool. The second, the causality analysis, according to the Parmenides EIDOS tool, makes it possible to obtain a hierarchy of relations in the sector based on the opinions of the intervening actors. The data used come from the bibliographic summary of a series of studies and the results of a survey carried out in 2017 in the field. The results obtained show that the internal factors are linked to the characteristics of the farms, to the production systems, and to the surrounding conditions of the value chain. External factors are linked to the dynamics of national and global markets.

Abstract Revenant is a database of resurrected proteins coming from extinct organisms. Currently, it contains a manually curated collection of 84 resurrected proteins derived from bibliographic data. Each protein is extensively annotated, including structural, biochemical and biophysical information. Revenant contains a browse capability designed as a timeline from where the different proteins can be accessed. The oldest Revenant entries are between 4200 and 3500 million years ago, while the younger entries are between 8.8 and 6.3 million years ago. These proteins have been resurrected using computational tools called ancestral sequence reconstruction techniques combined with wet-laboratory synthesis and expression. Resurrected proteins are commonly used, with a noticeable increase during the past years, to explore and test different evolutionary hypotheses such as protein stability, to explore the origin of new functions, to get biochemical insights into past metabolisms and to explore specificity and promiscuous behaviour of ancient proteins.