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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural wages – South Africa – KwaZulu-Natal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lightowler, Josephine V. J., Graham S. Cooke, Portia Mutevedzi, Richard J. Lessells, Marie-Louise Newell, and Martin Dedicoat. "Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLoS ONE 5, no. 1 (January 7, 2010): e8630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008630.

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2

Peltzer, Karl. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Antiretroviral Therapy in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.2.267.

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In studies conducted with African and Asian cohorts researchers have shown the clinical efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. However, studies on the longer term changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with patients receiving ART in these settings are still scarce. The aim in this study was to assess HIV patients' HRQoL, clinical, psychosocial, and sociodemographic factors at 3 public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa over 20 months. Patients (N = 735) who attended 3 HIV clinics completed interview assessments prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy; 519 after 6 months, 557 after 12, and 499 after 20 months on ART. Results indicate that total HRQoL increased, as did general quality of life, general health, independence, social relationships, and environment. HIV symptoms, depression symptom ratings, and internalized stigma reduced over time, whereas CD4 cell counts (number of helper T cells per cubic milliliter of blood), adherence to ART, and social support increased. Total HRQoL, the physical and psychological HRQoL domains, and internalized stigma improved at first and then deteriorated almost to baseline levels. Significant independent predictors of good HRQoL were low internalized stigma, being employed, earning wages, higher CD4 cell counts, and fewer and less severe HIV and depressive symptoms. In order to maximize gains in HRQoL for patients on ART, interventions are needed that address and reduce stigmatization and enhance the economic and employment opportunities.

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3

Singh, Anand. "The Future of Indian-Owned Agricultural Land in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Sociological Bulletin 55, no. 3 (September 2006): 348–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920060301.

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4

Muchara, Binganidzo, and Cyril N. Mbatha. "Role of Institutional Innovations on Smallholder Agricultural Entrepreneurship in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of Human Ecology 55, no. 1-2 (July 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2016.11907008.

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5

Moralles, Sarahi, Abdukladir Egal, and Wilna Oldewage-Theron. "Do Smallholder Farmers Need Nutrition Education? A Case Study from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 28, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.28314.

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South Africa (SA) is considered as the second largest economies in Africa with well-developed agricultural food production system. But food security is still a challenge at household level. Currently, in Africa, smallholder agriculture is recognized to contribute food security at household level. This study investigates the prevalence of food insecurity and nutritional knowledge of 78 local smallholder farmers in KwaZulu Natal (KZN) province of South Africa. The results from this study indicated that nutrition knowledge was poor and food insecurity was prevalent at >40% at the household level. It is therefore recommended that future agricultural training should include nutrition education based on FBDG (Food Based Dietary Guidelines) in their respective programs so as to attain a balanced diet for healthy and productive smallholder farmer communities

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6

Moodley, Prashini, N. Sarita Shah, Nabihah Tayob, Cathy Connolly, Nicola Zetola, Neel Gandhi, Gerald Friedland, and A. Willem Sturm. "Spread of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa." PLoS ONE 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2011): e17513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017513.

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7

Nxumalo, K. K. S., and O. I. Oladele. "Factors Affecting Farmers’ Participation in Agricultural Programme in Zululand District, Kwazulu Natal Province, South Africa." Journal of Social Sciences 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2013.11893120.

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8

Kirsten, Johann, Robert Townsend, and Chris Gibson. "Determining the contribution of agricultural production to household nutritional status in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa." Development Southern Africa 15, no. 4 (November 1998): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359808440032.

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9

Will, Manuel, Gregor D. Bader, and Nicholas J. Conard. "Characterizing the Late Pleistocene MSA Lithic Technology of Sibudu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLoS ONE 9, no. 5 (May 30, 2014): e98359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098359.

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10

de la Peña, Paloma, and Lyn Wadley. "Quartz Knapping Strategies in the Howiesons Poort at Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)." PLoS ONE 9, no. 7 (July 11, 2014): e101534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101534.

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11

Abdu-Raheem, Kamal Adekunle. "Exploring the Role of Agricultural Extension in Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa." Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 38, no. 9 (September 17, 2014): 1015–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2014.899283.

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12

Ioerger, Thomas R., Sunwoo Koo, Eun-Gyu No, Xiaohua Chen, Michelle H. Larsen, William R. Jacobs, Manormoney Pillay, A. Willem Sturm, and James C. Sacchettini. "Genome Analysis of Multi- and Extensively-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLoS ONE 4, no. 11 (November 5, 2009): e7778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007778.

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13

Kidane, T. T., and S. H. Worth. "Student Perceptions of Agricultural Education Programme Processes at Selected High Schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 20, no. 4 (January 10, 2014): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389224x.2013.872046.

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14

Sinyolo, Sikhulumile, Maxwell Mudhara, and Edilegnaw Wale. "The impact of social grant-dependency on agricultural entrepreneurship among rural households in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of Developing Areas 51, no. 3 (2017): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2017.0061.

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15

LUTCHMIAH, J., S. PILLAY, K. GOVENDER, and M. KHANYILE. "THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL AND SUSTAINABILITY OF REDISTRIBUTED LAND IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE CASE OF MZIKAZI, KWAZULU-NATAL." South African Geographical Journal 86, no. 2 (September 2004): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2004.9713812.

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16

Sereda, B. L., and H. R. Meinhardt. "Contamination of the Water Environment in Malaria Endemic Areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, by Agricultural Insecticides." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75, no. 3 (September 2005): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0784-y.

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17

Adisa, Omolola, Joel Botai, Abiodun Adeola, Abubeker Hassen, Christina Botai, Daniel Darkey, and Eyob Tesfamariam. "Application of Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Maize Production in South Africa." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041145.

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The use of crop modeling as a decision tool by farmers and other decision-makers in the agricultural sector to improve production efficiency has been on the increase. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) models were used for predicting maize in the major maize producing provinces of South Africa. The maize production prediction and projection analysis were carried out using the following climate variables: precipitation (PRE), maximum temperature (TMX), minimum temperature (TMN), potential evapotranspiration (PET), soil moisture (SM) and land cultivated (Land) for maize. The analyzed datasets spanned from 1990 to 2017 and were divided into two segments with 80% used for model training and the remaining 20% for testing. The results indicated that PET, PRE, TMN, TMX, Land, and SM with two hidden neurons of vector (5,8) were the best combination to predict maize production in the Free State province, whereas the TMN, TMX, PET, PRE, SM and Land with vector (7,8) were the best combination for predicting maize in KwaZulu-Natal province. In addition, the TMN, SM and Land and TMN, TMX, SM and Land with vector (3,4) were the best combination for maize predicting in the North West and Mpumalanga provinces, respectively. The comparison between the actual and predicted maize production using the testing data indicated performance accuracy adjusted R2 of 0.75 for Free State, 0.67 for North West, 0.86 for Mpumalanga and 0.82 for KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, a decline in the projected maize production was observed across all the selected provinces (except the Free State province) from 2018 to 2019. Thus, the developed model can help to enhance the decision making process of the farmers and policymakers.

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18

Naidoo, Kogieleum, Razia Hassan-Moosa, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Dhineshree Govender, Nesri Padayatchi, Halima Dawood, Rochelle Nicola Adams, et al. "High mortality rates in men initiated on anti-retroviral treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLOS ONE 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2017): e0184124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184124.

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19

Ebrahim, Sumayyah, Xolani K. Mndende, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Zizipho Z. A. Mbulawa, Vivek Naranbhai, Janet Frohlich, Lise Werner, Natasha Samsunder, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, and Anna-Lise Williamson. "High Burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection among Young Women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): e0146603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146603.

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20

Itasanmi, Sunday, Morakinyo Akintolu, and Mathew T. Oni. "Adult Literacy Facilitators’ Job Satisfaction in Nigeria and South Africa." African Journal of Teacher Education 10, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v10i1.6145.

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This study reported a survey conducted to assess the job satisfaction level among adult literacy facilitators in Nigeria and South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative approach and data was collected from eighty-six (86) adult literacy facilitators (Nigeria-50 and South Africa-36) randomly selected from Oyo State, Nigeria and King Cetshwayo District, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A structured questionnaire validated by experts and pilot-tested among primary School teachers serves as the research instrument. Data collected from the study were analysed using frequency count, simple percentages, mean, multiple regression analysis and T-test. Results revealed that adult literacy facilitators' job satisfaction level in the two countries is on average. Provision of a positive working environment in terms of improvement in the infrastructural facilities in the literacy centre was ranked first amongst others as ways to improve the job satisfaction of literacy facilitators. There was, however, no statistical difference in job satisfaction among literacy facilitators in Nigeria and South Africa. Therefore, it was concluded that conscious effort must be made at mapping out strategies to improve literacy facilitators’ job satisfaction to enhance adult literacy delivery in the two countries.

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21

Phali, Lerato, Maxwell Mudhara, Stuart Ferrer, and Godswill Makombe. "Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in the Management of Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 6(J) (February 9, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i6(j).3121.

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Participatory Irrigation Management is an important concept in the management of water resources. It fosters collective responsibility and rule compliance, the lack of which creates a weak environment for sustainable water use. This study adopted Principal Components Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate the determinants of farmer’s participation in the management of four smallholder irrigations schemes in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The selected schemes, Ndumo, Makhathini Flats, Mooi River and Tugela Ferry, are representative of the general management and farmer activities in smallholder irrigation schemes in the country. The study considered household data from 341 irrigators and found that those who participated in regulation and control management activities of SIS also participate in information sharing activities. The results show that agricultural training, land tenure security, credit access and co-operative membership positively influence farmers’ participation in decision making. Additionally, irrigation water adequacy positively influences farmer’s participation in making financial contributions in the schemes. The study recommends that better land agreements that, would improve the security of tenure should be put in place to foster farmer participation. Farmers should receive agricultural and irrigation training to increase the likelihood of participating in the management of irrigation schemes.

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22

Baiyegunhi, L. J. S., Z. P. Majokweni, and S. R. D. Ferrer. "Impact of outsourced agricultural extension program on smallholder farmers’ net farm income in Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Technology in Society 57 (May 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.11.003.

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23

Lyne, Michael C., Nomonde Jonas, and Gerald F. Ortmann. "A quantitative assessment of an outsourced agricultural extension service in the Umzimkhulu District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 24, no. 1 (October 10, 2017): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389224x.2017.1387159.

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24

Nzama, Sindisiwe N., Colleen T. Downs, and Mark Brown. "Seasonal variation in the metabolism-temperature relation of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of Thermal Biology 35, no. 2 (February 2010): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.12.002.

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25

Adeyinka, G. C., and B. Moodley. "Partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls onto porewater–surface sediment systems collected along Umgeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 17, no. 10 (June 9, 2020): 4331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02784-z.

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26

Dirwai, T. L., A. Senzanje, and M. Mudhara. "Water governance impacts on water adequacy in smallholder irrigation schemes in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa." Water Policy 21, no. 1 (November 23, 2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.149.

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AbstractWater adequacy is central to maximised agricultural production in irrigation schemes. Smallholder Irrigation Schemes (SISs) are designed to distribute water efficiently, adequately and equitably. Water governance, defined as the institutions, processes, procedures, rules and regulations involved in water management, plays an important role in water allocation and subsequently water adequacy. The intersectoral institutions involved in water governance in SISs, i.e., government, Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Management Committees (IMCs) and traditional authorities, interact to formulate and design policies for running SISs. However, multilevel interaction amongst the active stakeholders at multiple levels shapes policy and underlies SIS performance. This research aimed to investigate the impacts water governance had on adequacy of water in irrigation schemes and was premised on the hypothesis that governance had no effect on water adequacy. Water adequacy describes water supply relative to demand. Adequacy indicates whether the water delivery system supplies the required amount to a section in the irrigation scheme over a period of time (daily, monthly or seasonally). Two irrigation schemes, the Mooi-River Irrigation Scheme (MRIS) and Tugela Ferry Irrigation Scheme (TFIS) were used as case studies. A descriptive analysis showed that 86% of the farmers in the TFIS had adequate water, whereas 24% had water adequacy in the MRIS. A Binary Logit model was employed to investigate the factors that influence water adequacy among irrigators. The regression model identified eight statistically significant factors that influenced water adequacy: the irrigation scheme, location of plot within the scheme, training in water management, training in irrigation, SIS irrigators' knowledge about the government's aims, availability of water licences, payment of water fees and satisfaction with the irrigation schedule. The study concluded that governance factors had influence on water adequacy in the selected SISs. The implication is that stakeholders should make irrigators aware of government Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) policy and strategies. The study recommends that the SISs introduce rules, procedures and protocols to support irrigators to enhance scheme governance and lead to the realisation of government policies.

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27

Cornille, A., J. G. Underhill, A. Cruaud, M. Hossaert-McKey, S. D. Johnson, K. A. Tolley, F. Kjellberg, S. van Noort, and M. Proffit. "Floral volatiles, pollinator sharing and diversification in the fig–wasp mutualism: insights from Ficus natalensis , and its two wasp pollinators (South Africa)." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (November 30, 2011): 1731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1972.

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Combining biogeographic, ecological, morphological, molecular and chemical data, we document departure from strict specialization in the fig-pollinating wasp mutualism. We show that the pollinating wasps Elisabethiella stuckenbergi and Elisabethiella socotrensis form a species complex of five lineages in East and Southern Africa. Up to two morphologically distinct lineages were found to co-occur locally in the southern African region. Wasps belonging to a single lineage were frequently the main regional pollinators of several Ficus species. In South Africa, two sister lineages, E. stuckenbergi and E. socotrensis , pollinate Ficus natalensis but only E. stuckenbergi also regularly pollinates Ficus burkei . The two wasp species co-occur in individual trees of F. natalensis throughout KwaZulu-Natal. Floral volatile blends emitted by F. natalensis in KwaZulu-Natal were similar to those emitted by F. burkei and different from those produced by other African Ficus species. The fig odour similarity suggests evolutionary convergence to attract particular wasp species. The observed pattern may result from selection for pollinator sharing among Ficus species. Such a process, with one wasp species regionally pollinating several hosts, but several wasp species pollinating a given Ficus species across its geographical range could play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of the Ficus -pollinating wasp association.

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28

MKHIZE, M., E. DERERA, and IO GANIYU. "The role of sense of belonging on the success of community-based agricultural enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of Contemporary Management 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 472–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35683/jcm19102.87.

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29

McCann, Kevin I., and Grant A. Benn. "Land use patterns within Wattled Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus) home ranges in an agricultural landscape in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Ostrich 77, no. 3-4 (November 2006): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306520609485532.

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30

Dlamini, T. C., and R. J. Haynes. "Influence of agricultural land use on the size and composition of earthworm communities in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Applied Soil Ecology 27, no. 1 (September 2004): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.02.003.

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31

Hitayezu, Patrick, Edilegnaw Wale, and Gerald F. Ortmann. "Assessing agricultural land-use change in the Midlands region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: application of mixed multinomial logit." Environment, Development and Sustainability 18, no. 4 (June 16, 2015): 985–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-015-9682-6.

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32

Gemmell, Megan E., and Stefan Schmidt. "Is the microbiological quality of the Msunduzi River (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) suitable for domestic, recreational, and agricultural purposes?" Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20, no. 9 (April 23, 2013): 6551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1710-1.

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33

Sharaunga, S., and M. Mudhara. "The impact of improved ‘water-use security’ on women’s reliance on agricultural incomes in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa." Food Security 8, no. 6 (October 21, 2016): 1039–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0622-6.

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34

Malan, Gerard, and Grant A. Benn. "Agricultural land-use patterns and the decline of the helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris (Linnaeus 1766) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 73, no. 1 (March 1999): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00011-0.

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35

Naidoo, Saloshni, Lesli London, Alex Burdorf, Rajen N. Naidoo, and Hans Kromhout. "Agricultural Activities, Pesticide Use and Occupational Hazards among Women Working in Small Scale Farming in Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 14, no. 3 (July 2008): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2008.14.3.218.

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36

Harichund, Charlene, Pinky Kunene, Sinenhlanhla Simelane, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, and Mosa Moshabela. "Repeat HIV testing practices in the era of HIV self-testing among adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLOS ONE 14, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): e0212343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212343.

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37

Thompson, Lesa A., Yoshinori Ikenaka, Wageh S. Darwish, Yared B. Yohannes, Johan J. van Vuren, Victor Wepener, Nico J. Smit, et al. "Investigation of mRNA expression changes associated with field exposure to DDTs in chickens from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): e0204400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204400.

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38

Wale, E., and U. Chipfupa. "Entrepreneurship concepts/theories and smallholder agriculture: insights from the literature with empirical evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 76, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2020.1861122.

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39

Haynes, R. J., C. S. Dominy, and M. H. Graham. "Effect of agricultural land use on soil organic matter status and the composition of earthworm communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 95, no. 2-3 (May 2003): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(02)00223-2.

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40

Nyawo, Jabulani C., and B. C. Mubangizi. "Perception of Agricultural Smallholder Farmers on Public Extension and Advisory Services in Ethekwini Municipality, Kwazulu-Natal Province." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 499–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.42.

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The government’s inability in South Africa to ensure that formulated programs, structures, and policies adequately accommodate smallholder farmers hinders the sector’s ability to grow and develop. This study examines the agricultural smallholder farmers’ perception of the service delivered by the extension and advisory officers. The researchers obtained the primary data from fifteen focus group discussions with the smallholder farmers and three senior government officials under the Department of Agriculture & Rural Development who willingly responded to face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Using thematic analysis, the authors found that the public extension &advisory Officers do not provide substantial support to smallholder farmers seeking access to markets. The study results also show that the agricultural smallholder farmers are dissatisfied with the public extension and advisory officers’ services. Smallholder farmers continue to experience numerous challenges, although the extension and advisory program was implemented to help farmers deal with some challenges for growth and sustainability. New results are expected to provide empirical evidence regarding the performance of extension and advisory officers on smallholder sectors’ development. Furthermore, study results can be used as guidelines for the government when considering the best approaches and capacity building for smallholder farmers.

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41

Maphumulo, A., O. Mahomed, B. Vennervald, S. G. Gundersen, M. Taylor, and E. F. Kjetland. "The cost of a school based mass treatment of schistosomiasis in Ugu District, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa in 2012." PLOS ONE 15, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): e0232867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232867.

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42

Jaya, Ziningi, Paul K. Drain, and Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson. "Evaluating quality management systems for HIV rapid testing services in primary healthcare clinics in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLOS ONE 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2017): e0183044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183044.

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43

Pryor, M. J., D. Nozaic, S. D. Freese, and R. Rajagopaul. "The use of granular activated carbon for the treatment of impounded surface water." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0655.

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Increased levels of nutrients and pollutants are expected in the Inanda Dam (KwaZulu Natal, South Africa) as a result of wastewater effluent discharge, informal settlements and agricultural runoff in the catchment. Contaminants of atrazine and 2-methyl isoborneol were dosed into the feed water of a granular activated carbon (GAC) pilot plant to assess the performance of different process options for the treatment of Inanda Dam water. It was found that the use of ozonation and GAC did not result in increased levels of biological activity as expected. The use of ozone in conjunction with GAC is however recommended as significant benefit was obtained in the reduction of UV absorbance, chlorine demand and concentrations of other microcontaminants.

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44

Mejia-Pailles, Gabriela, Ann Berrington, Nuala McGrath, and Victoria Hosegood. "Trends in the prevalence and incidence of orphanhood in children and adolescents <20 years in rural KwaZulu-Natal South Africa, 2000-2014." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): e0238563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238563.

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Background In South Africa, large increases in early adult mortality during the 1990s and early 2000s have reversed since public HIV treatment rollout in 2004. In a rural population in KwaZulu-Natal, we investigate trends in parental mortality and orphanhood from 2000–2014. Methods Using longitudinal demographic surveillance data for a population of approximately 90,000, we calculated annual incidence and prevalence of maternal, paternal and double orphanhood in children and adolescents (<20 years) and, overall and cause-specific mortality of parents by age. Results The proportion of children and adolescents (<20 years) for whom one or both parents had died rose from 26% in 2000 to peak at 36% in 2010, followed by a decline to 32% in 2014. The burden of orphanhood remains high especially in the oldest age group: in 2014, 53% of adolescents 15–19 years had experienced the death of one or both parents. In all age groups and years, paternal orphan prevalence was three-five times higher than maternal orphan prevalence. Maternal and paternal orphan incidence peaked in 2005 at 17 and 27 per 1,000 person years respectively (<20 years) before declining by half through 2014. The leading cause of parental death throughout the period, HIV/AIDS and TB cause-specific mortality rates declined substantially in mothers and fathers from 2007 and 2009 respectively. Conclusions The survival of parents with children and adolescents <20 years has improved in tandem with earlier initiation and higher coverage of HIV treatment. However, comparatively high levels of parental deaths persist in this rural population in KwaZulu-Natal, particularly among fathers. Community-level surveillance to estimate levels of orphanhood remains important for monitoring and evaluation of targeted state welfare support for orphans and their guardians.

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Mthethwa, Sandile, and Edilegnaw Wale. "Household Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Rural South Africa: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041917.

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Using a nationally representative dataset from rural areas in South Africa, the study examines vulnerability to food insecurity using the Vulnerability as Expected Poverty framework. The dataset used was large and comprehensive to develop robust profiles of vulnerable households. This is executed employing the sustainable livelihoods framework. The findings show that human and financial capital plays a critical role in making rural households resilient from vulnerability to food insecurity. The failure of natural resources to support agricultural livelihoods emerged as an important factor for rural household vulnerability to food insecurity. Gender-based imbalances still prevail, explaining most of the rural household vulnerability to food insecurity. Female-dominated households still endure most of the prevailing vulnerabilities to food insecurity, and this is even worse for households headed by younger females. Policies, strategies, and institutions in South Africa have not been able to address household vulnerability to food insecurity. The study identified Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal as the most vulnerable provinces where food policy has to be a top priority agenda.

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Montague, Carl, Nelisiwe Ngcobo, Gethwana Mahlase, Janet Frohlich, Cheryl Pillay, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Hilton Humphries, Rachael Dellar, Kogieleum Naidoo, and Quarraisha Abdool Karim. "Implementation of Adolescent-Friendly Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Using a School Based Recruitment Program in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLoS ONE 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2014): e96468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096468.

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Parikh, Urvi M., Photini Kiepiela, Shayhana Ganesh, Kailazarid Gomez, Stephanie Horn, Krista Eskay, Cliff Kelly, et al. "Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Women Screening for HIV Prevention Trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (MTN-009)." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 9, 2013): e59787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059787.

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Grebe, Eduard, Alex Welte, Leigh F. Johnson, Gilles van Cutsem, Adrian Puren, Tom Ellman, Jean-François Etard, and Helena Huerga. "Population-level HIV incidence estimates using a combination of synthetic cohort and recency biomarker approaches in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." PLOS ONE 13, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): e0203638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203638.

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Maluleke, Witness. "Perspectives on Stock Theft Prevention in the Selected Provinces of South Africa: Failures and Successes." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (April 30, 2021): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.121.

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Residents of Limpopo (LIM) and KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province are witnessing higher rates of stock theft, with the inhabitants of the selected communities living in fear for the prevention of this scourge. This study explores the extent of this crime in the selected areas of LIM and KZN, considering contributory factors, determining the relationship between the South African Police Service Stock Theft Units (SAPS STUs) and other relevant stakeholders, as well as looking at existing strategies (And their failures and successes) in responding to this crime effectively. A qualitative research approach coupled with Non-probability: Purposive sampling was used in this study. The targeted population consisted of 113 participants. For data collections, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Observation Schedules were adopted. lack of appropriate preventative measures has led to rise of stock theft, it was, therefore, discovered that both the affected livestock farmers and members of the community lost confidence toward the police, Besides, the perspectives on stock theft prevention in LIM and KZN reflect a greater challenge, with inadequate solutions present, since the current preventative measures are ineffective. Thus, understanding stock theft phenomenon is critical to its prevention as the sector of livestock in South Africa is the contributory key to the value of the agricultural economy.

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Msomi, Thabiso, and Odunayo Olarewaju. "Evaluation of access to finance, market and viability of small and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.24.

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Access to finance and market has been described as a predominant challenge confronting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Hence, this paper seeks to evaluate access to finance, market access and viability of SMEs. A quantitative research method and a purposive sampling technique were used to select the participants for this study. Respondents from retail, manufacturing, construction and agricultural SMEs operating in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, were selected to complete the structured questionnaires. 310 questionnaires were returned out of 321 distributed. The study revealed a significant effect of access to finance (absolute value 0.425) and access to market (absolute vale 0.373) on SMEs’ viability with a 5% level of significance. Thus, it was concluded that access to finance uniquely accounted for the larger proportion of the variance in the regression model. Thus, this study suggests that owners of SMEs should pay greater attention to access to finance in running their businesses, and the Government should aid SMEs to market their products and keep their businesses viable. Public loans or the government supported loans should be made available for SMEs with soften requirements in order to stimulate economic growth.

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