Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agricultural wastes as feed

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Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural wastes as feed'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural wastes as feed"

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Widayati, Trisiwi Wahyu, Bernaddeta Wahyuni Irianti Rahayu, Dwi Djoko Rahardjo, and Budi Santoso. "The Utilization of Agricultural and Food Industry Wastes as Feed of Grower Pigs in Manokwari Regency West Papua." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.3.723.

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The aim of this study was to find out the potential of agricultural and food industry wastes as the constituents of pig feed to improve pigs’ performance and to reduce the feeding cost. This study was conducted at Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. The agricultural and food industry wastes were collected from two traditional market, and four small-scale food industries. All materials used as feed were proximately analyzed to determine their nutritional values. Average daily gain, feed consumption and feed coversion ratio were taken to determine the pigs performance. Feed cost using local market prices was estimated in knowing the ability of agricultural and food industry wastes to substitutes commercial feed. The result of this research indicates that the use of agricultural and food industries wastes as an alternative components of pigs’ feed to substitute the commercial feed do not reduce the pigs’ performance and production. Among three feeds that use of agricultural and food industry wastes, feed with the combination of 75% waste and 25% commercial feed had the best feed conversion ratio, namely 2.36. On the other hand, a mixture of 25% wastes and 75% commercial feed was the most economic one, and able to reduce the feeding cost of grower pig up to 48.00%.Key words: agricultural waste, food industry wastes, grower period, pig, feed
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Kari, Zulhisyam Abdul, Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri, Nor Dini Rusli, Khairiyah Mat, M. B. Mahmud, Nik Nur Azwanida Zakaria, Wendy Wee, et al. "Recent Advances, Challenges, Opportunities, Product Development and Sustainability of Main Agricultural Wastes for the Aquaculture Feed Industry – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0082.

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Abstract Million tonnes of agricultural waste are generated annually worldwide. Agricultural wastes possess similar profiles to the main products but are lower in quality. Managing these agricultural wastes is costly and requires strict regulation to minimise environmental stress. Thus, these by-products could be repurposed for industrial use, such as alternative resources for aquafeed to reduce reliance on fish meal and soybean meal, fertilisers to enrich medium for growing live feed, antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulatory enhancers. Furthermore, utilising agricultural wastes and other products can help mitigate the existing environmental and economic dilemmas. Therefore, transforming these agricultural wastes into valuable products helps sustain the agricultural industry, minimises environmental impacts, and benefits industry players. Aquaculture is an important sector to supply affordable protein sources for billions worldwide. Thus, it is essential to explore inexpensive and sustainable resources to enhance aquaculture production and minimise environmental and public health impacts. Additionally, researchers and farmers need to understand the elements involved in new product development, particularly the production of novel innovations, to provide the highest quality products for consumers. In summary, agriculture waste is a valuable resource for the aquafeed industry that depends on several factors: formulation, costing, supply, feed treatment and nutritional value.
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Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Catalin Razvan Vintu, Constantin Daniel Diaconu, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Study of Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Environmental Issue in Romania." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 3 (April 15, 2017): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.3.5503.

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Agriculture and animal husbandry produce significant quantity of solid or liquid residues and waste products. Unfortunately, some of these wastes are not dealt with properly and are causing considerable damage to the environment. Agricultural wastes (AW) in Romania amount range from 7600 thousand tons a year of which only 1400 thousand tons as animal feed and 1100 thousand tons as organic manure are being utilized. These crop waste results after harvesting in the farm of leaves stem which are characterized as coarse plant by-products and big size, chemically low in protein and fat contents, or, like other country (example: Netherlands) avoid waste as much as possible, recover the valuable raw materials from any waste that is created, try to generate energy by incinerating the residual waste, and only then dump what is left. The focus of the research paper is to investigate the importance of agriculture wastes that becomes very obvious and aggregated after the harvest crops. The most common solution is the utilizations of agricultural waste for compositing, as animal fodder, most often as a source of energy, food production, by growing mushroom on agricultural wastes such as oat straw as a substrate. This means the conversion of wastes to economic, nutritional human food. Growing vegetables on oat straw compacted bales in areas where soil disease and salinity are constrains. The implementation of most of the solutions to agricultural waste management does not meet the basic elements of sustainability like environmental protection and social progression, technical and technological improvement as well as economic improvements.
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Prasetyo, A., and B. Heryanto. "Applying Geospatial Technology in Estimating Agricultural Wastes Carrying Capacity in Grobogan Regency, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 887, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/887/1/012006.

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Abstract This study aimed to estimate using geospatial the feed carrying capacity of agricultural wastes, especially in Grobogan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The method that has been used in this study is the descriptive analysis which is sourced from secondary data from Grobogan Regency. Analysis of agricultural waste production includes rice straw, corn and soybeans converted into dry matter feed. Geospatial analysis using ArcGis 10.3 software to extract feed carrying capacity data in the form of maps. The result showed that dry matter agricultural wastes 405528.81 (tons/year), The capacity of beef cattle was 924606 (animal units) and the ability to add beef cattle was 791036 (animal units). The conclusion of the study that Grobogan Regency has to carrying capacity indexes were at safe levels.
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SRUAMSIRI, Sompong. "Agricultural wastes as dairy feed in Chiang Mai." Animal Science Journal 78, no. 4 (August 2007): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00445.x.

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Kulathunga, K. M. W. H., K. Y. H. D. Shantha, and W. A. D. Nayananjalie. "Preparation of Cattle Feed Blocks Using Agricultural Wastes." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v2i1.64.

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Onyegeme-Okerenta, B. M., B. C. Amadi, and M. O. Wegwu. "Use of Livestock and Plant Agro-Waste in the Production of Organic Feed and Its Effect on the Physiology of Albino Wistar Rats." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 3 (April 26, 2021): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i3.1.

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The need to consider agricultural wastes as resources for organic feed formulation has been of interest to researchers. This study was aimed at investigating the use of some livestock and plant agro-wastes in the production of organic feed and its effect on the physiology of albino Wistar rats. A total of 30 weaning rats were separated into six (6) different groups with 5 rats per group. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were fed with known commercial feed -Vital, Top and Hybrid feeds respectively, Group 4 was fed with corn only, while Groups 5 and 6 were fed with indigenous formulated feed FF1 and FF2 respectively - derived from some local livestock and agro-waste. Phytochemical constituents and proximate composition of the various feeds were carried out. The animals were fed for 7 weeks during which anthropometric measurement and data were collected. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture after seven weeks for biochemical and haematology analysis. The result of the proximate analysis of the formulated feeds showed protein values of 30.00±3.00 (FF1) and 22.00±1.00 (FF2) as against 18%, 21% and 22% for Vital, Top and Hybrid feeds respectively. The haematology indices showed that the various feeds improved erythropoietic functions. Similarly, the Biochemical functions of the commercial feeds and Formulated diets can support growth and maintain homeostasis. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated an added advantage in the use of agro-wastes and their biotransformation into a cost-effective replacement for commercial feeds. Keywords: Commercial feeds, Formulated feeds, Wistar rats, Corn
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Kumar Gupta, Aman, Alice Minj, Dipak Yadav, and Anuj Poudel. "UTILIZATION OF SOLID OR LIQUID WASTES IN AGRICULTURE." JOURNAL OF WASTES AND BIOMASS MANAGEMENT 3, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2021.09.12.

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Now-days increasing solid or liquid wastes are major problems in developing country therefore utilization of all these wastes are required because of its impact on the environment and as well as on agriculture. These wastes are decomposed and stabilized through composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion, recycling and reuse. Solid wastes act as an organic fertilizer, nutrient supplier, and media for nursery and also helps in improving the physical, chemical and microbiological activity in agricultural soils. Reuse of wastewater helps in reducing water crisis in agriculture. Poultry wastes are used as organic fertilizer, feed for livestock, biogas production, products for commercial purposes.
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Yete Pélagie, Mahunon Reine, Togbe Alexis, Ehinnou Casimir, Wekpon Honorat, Ahlonsou Daniel, Aina Pépin, and Wotto Valentin. "Physicochemical characterization of two agricultural wastes for the formulation of animal feeds." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1315.

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Waste management is a major problem to which the agricultural and food industries must find solutions. The latter use pineapple in most of the processes for the manufacture of fruit juices. These processes result in tons of waste that are often abandoned on dumps near the processing plants, polluting the water table and the quality of surface water after drainage by rainwater. Our study therefore proposed to find an efficient solution to this problem by valorizing agro-industrial pineapple waste in animal feed. Thus, the physicochemical parameters of pineapple peelings and soybean cakes were determined following protocols of French standards. From the results obtained, it appears that pineapple peelings are rich in fermentable sugars, especially cellulose, a source of energy (34% DM) but poor in total nitrogenous matter (6.86%). As feed is a source of protein, soybean meal was added to pineapple peels for enrichment in total nitrogenous matter. The characterized soybean meal showed that it contains 33.46% of total nitrogenous matter. A more complete characterization of the formulated feeds will have to be carried out for their better use in animal feed.
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Akhadiarto, Sindu. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN ITIK DENGAN LIMBAH UDANG DAN LIMBAH KULIT KACANG KEDELAI YANG DIBERI PROBIOTIK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN WARNA KUNING TELUR." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i2.1210.

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The objective of this study was to utilize the superiority of agricultural waste in form of soybean hull and shrimp wastes and their combination on egg layer duck. This feed contains starbio probiotic functions for fiber digestion (soybean hull waste) and chitin (from shrimp waste). The expectation was that there would be duck ration which is able to increase egg production and quality and brighter reddish egg-yolk which is attractive and full of nutritions. The research was conducted in three stages. Stage I is Nutrient Digestional Value Test on the formula of soybean hull and shrimp wastes mixture on Duck Feed Contained Starbio." Stage II : experiment on "Mixture Formulation of soybean hull and shrimp wastes mixture on Duck Feed Contained Starbio Probiotik for Increasing The Performance of Egg Layer Duck" and III experiment on "The Production of Reddish Duck Egg-Yolk With Feed Contained soybean hull and Shrimp Wastes Mixture". The experiment concluded that : I) the provision of soybean hull andshrimp had significant effects on digestability of feed dried materials, but conversely had no effects on protein digestability and crude fiber, as well as on egg produktion and quality.There was no interaction between two materials in the treatment. 2) Shrimp waste tended to have effects on daily egg production of egg layer duck; 3) Yellow color of the eggs couldn't change to be reddish yet, since xanthophyl content had already lost in over-dried and alreadyexpired shrimp wastes.Key Words : shrimp waste, soybean hull, probiotic, egg-yolk color
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural wastes as feed"

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Essilfie, Rexford Justice. "Protein upgrading of orange peel waste for stock feed by solid substrate fermentation /." View thesis, 1985. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031205.144428/index.html.

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Thesis (M.Sc.) -- Hawkesbury Agricultural College, 1985.
"A thesis submitted to Hawkesbury Agricultural College in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science."
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Kennedy, Julie Blair Rankins Darrell L. "Evaluation of cotton gin trash as a roughage source for stocker cattle." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/KENNEDY_JULIE_5.pdf.

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Normand, Luc. "Recycling of agro-industrial food wastes into feed for Pekin duck meat production towards a sustainable agriculture in the Province of Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0004/MQ29759.pdf.

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Johnson, Hailey E. "Co-utilisation of microalgae for wastewater treatment and the production of animal feed supplements." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003999.

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Microalgae have a variety of commercial applications, the oldest of which include utilisation as a food source and for use in wastewater treatment. These applications, however, are seldom combined due to toxicity concerns, for ethical reasons, and generally the requirement for cultivation of a single algae species for use as a feed supplement. These problems might be negated if a “safer” wastewater such as that from agricultural and/or commercial food production facilities were to be utilised and if a stable algae population can be maintained. In this investigation preliminary studies were carried out using an Integrated Algae Pond System (IAPS) for domestic wastewater treatment to determine the species composition in the associated High Rate Algae Ponds (HRAPs). The effect of different modes of operation, continuous versus batch, on nutrient removal, productivity and species composition was also investigated. Furthermore, indigenous species in the HRAP were isolated and molecularly identified as, Chlorella, Micractinium, Scenedesmus and Pediastrum. Additionally, the effect of the nor amino acid, 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBA) and its Cu-chelated derivative, on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella, Micractinium, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum and Spirulina was investigated. Species composition in the HRAP was stable under continuous operation with Micractinium dominating > 90% of the algae population. Under batch operation the population dynamic shifted; Chlorella outcompeted Micractinium possibly due to nutrient depletion and selective grazing pressures caused by proliferation of Daphnia. Higher species diversity was observed during batch mode as slower growing algae were able to establish in the HRAP. Nutrient removal efficiency and biomass productivity was higher in continuous mode, however lower nutrient levels were obtained in batch operation. HMTBA did not significantly affect growth rate, however treatment with 10 mg.L-1 resulted in slightly increased growth rate in Micractinium and increased final biomass concentrations in Chlorella, Micractinium and Spirulina (although this was not statistically significant for Micractinium and Spirulina), which are known mixotrophic species. Algae treated with Cu-HMTBA, showed reduced final biomass concentration with 10 mg.L-1, caused by Cu toxicity. Biochemical composition of the algae was species-specific and differed through the growth cycle, with high protein observed during early growth and high carbohydrate during late growth/early stationary phase. Additionally, 0.1 mg.L-1 HMTBA and Cu-HMTBA significantly reduced protein content in Chlorella, Micractinium, Scenedesmus and Pediastrum. In conclusion, operation of the HRAP in continuous culture provided suitable wastewater treatment with high productivity of an ideal species, Micractinium, for use in animal feed supplementation. This species had 40% protein content during growth (higher than the other species tested) and dominated the HRAP at > 90% of the algae population during continuous mode. Addition of HMTBA (> 1 mg.L-1) to algae cultivation systems and those treating wastewater, has the potential to improve productivity and the value of the biomass by enhancing protein content. Overall, the co-utilisation of microalgae for wastewater treatment and the generation of a biomass rich in protein, for incorporation into formulated animal feed supplements, represents a closed ecosystem which conserves nutrients and regenerates a most valuable resource, water.
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Cavichiolo, Jose Roberto 1960. "Secagem do bagaço de laranja em secador tipo Flash." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256921.

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Orientadores: Marlene Rita de Queiroz, Silvia Azucena Nebra
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T23:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavichiolo_JoseRoberto_M.pdf: 6589687 bytes, checksum: ab8ab5674f0d22b082411fef5acebedd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Na fabricação do suco de laranja concentrado congelado, para cada 100 kg de laranja são produzidos 55 kg de suco simples e os 45 kg restantes são os resíduos do processo constituídos de laranjas descartadas, casca, semente, borra de extração de óleo essencial, polpa lavada, que podem ser denominados, genericamente de "bagaço", material comumente destinado à produção de farelo de polpa cítrica alimentação animal. O consumo de energia térmica na fábrica de ração, setor responsável pela transformação do bagaço de laranja úmido em farelo de polpa cítrica é alto, principalmente para a secagem de bagaço peletizado. Levantamento realizado sobre o consumo e conservação de energia em uma unidade industrial no Estado de São Paulo mostrou que a demanda de energia térmica para produzir uma tonelada de ração foi equivalente ou superior à quantidade consumida para produzir uma tonelada de suco de laranja concentrado congelado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo com a finalidade de avaliar a utilização de um secador pneumático tipo "Flash" na produção do farelo de polpa cítrica para fabricação de ração animal, comparando-se sua eficiência com a do processo tradicional, no qual são utilizados secadores rotativos. Os secadores pneumáticos têm sido usados em escala crescente em muitos processos industriais, devido principalmente às vantagens inerentes a este tipo de equipamento e sua versatilidade na secagem, principalmente na remoção da umidade superficial. Considerando o universo dos trabalhos em secagem, são poucos os estudos encontrados na literatura que trata sobre o assunto, ainda mais os que envolvem estudos comparativos entre outros secadores. Deste modo torna-se importante o estudo destes secadores, sobretudo visando a obtenção de parâmetros energéticos, os quais constituem as informações básicas podendo se tornar uma alternativa aos métodos atualmente utilizados, sendo economicamente viável e especialmente apropriado a inúmeros tipos de produtos agrícolas. Foi efetuada a caracterização do material em relação à granulometria das partículas, volume específico real e aparente, ângulo de talude, velocidade terminal, poder calorífico, tanto para o resíduo úmido quanto para o seco. A determinação da eficiência térmica do secador Flash foi conduzida conforme Delineamento Central Composto Rotacional (DCCR) com três variáveis independentes: velocidade do ar no interior do secador, temperatura do ar de aquecimento e vazão de produto. Para a determinação do consumo energético foram utilizados indicadores, denominados figuras de mérito, relacionando a quantidade de energia necessária para evaporar 1 kg de água. Os resultados obtidos mostram um menor consumo energético no secador tipo Flash, mas se deve ter em mente que foi feita uma comparação entre um modelo de secador flash em escala piloto, não otimizado, com um industrial
Abstract: In the manufacture of frozen concentrate orange juice, if considered 100 kg of oranges, 55 kg of simple juice is extracted, producing in the end 45 kg of waste wich includes: discarded oranges, bagasse, peels, seeds, lees from essence oil extraction, washed pulp, which is generically called bagasse and is commonly used for animal feed food production. The consumption of thermal energy in the factories is high, especially in the dryng of pelleted bagasse. A survey carried on the conservation and consumption of energy in a industrial unit plant in the State of Sao Paulo showed that the demand for thermal energy to produce one ton animal feed was equivalent to or greater than the amount consumed to produce one ton of frozen concentrated orange juice. This study aimed at developing a research with the goal of evaluating the use of a pneumatic dryer type "Flash" in the production of dehydrated orange bagasse for the manufacturing of animal feed, in order to compare their efficiency with the traditional process which use rotary dryers. Pneumatic dryers have been widely used in industrial processes, due the advantages inherent in this type of equipment and its versatility in drying and specially in the removal of surface moisture. Within the universe of drying, studies, there are few examples in the literature that cope with the subject, even those involving comparative studies of other type of dryers, it's of great importance the study of these dryers, specially focusing on obtaining energy parameters, which constitute the basic information that may become an alternative to methods currently used. They are economically viable, especially suited to many types of agricultural products. A study was performed to characterize the material in relation to particle size, specific volume, real and apparent, angle of slope, terminal velocity, calorific value, for both wet and dry waste. The flash dryer thermal efficiency was determined in compliance to the Central Composite Rotable (CCR) with three independent variables: speed of the air inside the dryer, air temperature warming and flow of the product. For the determination of energy consumption indicators were used, called as figures of merit, relating the amount of energy required to evaporate 1 kg of water. The results show lower energy consumption in the dryer type Flash, it's necessary to emphasize that this comparison was made between a type of flash dryer for laboratory use, not optimized, with one for industrial use
Mestrado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Parpinelli, Wiliam. "Utilização de resíduo seco de cervejaria na alimentação de frangos de corte." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2381.

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Os elevados preços das matérias primas utilizadas em rações para a criação de animais monogástricos, tem obrigado a busca de novas fontes alimentares principalmente na forma de co-produtos. Dentre os diversos co-produtos advindos de atividades agroindustriais, podemos citar o resíduo de cervejaria com potencial para substituir parcialmente os alimentos convencionais das rações. Diante do exposto, foram realizados dois experimentos na Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa de Avicultura do Campus Dois Vizinhos - UTFPR. No primeiro experimento, que teve período de duração de 1 a 21 dias, foram utilizados 714 pintainhos, com peso médio inicial de 44,7+/-0,3g, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 6 níveis crescentes de inclusão de resíduo de cervejaria, com 7 repetições e 17 animais por unidade experimental. Enquanto que no segundo experimento, com período de 21 a 42 dias, foram utilizados 546 pintos de corte com 21 dias de idade, peso médio de 865 +/- 8 g, distribuídos em um delineamento e tratamentos semelhantes ao experimento I e com 14 aves por repetição. As aves foram pesadas na chegada, 21 e 42 dias no experimento I e aos 21 e 42 dias no experimento II para determinação do desempenho dos animais nestas fases. No experimento I, aos 21 dias, foram coletas amostras de sangue de 2 aves por unidade experimental, bem como abatidas 2 aves para avaliação da composição corporal e desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais e mais 2 aves aos 42 dias para avaliar os possíveis efeitos residuais dos tratamentos no rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres. Enquanto que no experimento II, aos 42 dias de vida, também foram coletadas amostras de sangue de duas aves, bem como abatida 1 ave por unidade experimental para avaliação da composição corporal e outra 1 ave por repetição para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres e desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais. Todas as aves foram sacrificadas por deslocamento cervical. As análises estatísticas dos níveis estudados foram realizadas pelo programa Sistema de Análises Estatísticas – SAEG (Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, 1999).
The high prices of the raw materials used in diets for the creation of monogastric animals, is forced to search for new food sources mainly as byproducts. Among the various co-products arising from agro-industrial activities, we can mention the potential to brewery waste to partially replace conventional food rations. Given the above, two experiments were conducted at the Teaching Unit and Campus Poultry Research Dois Vizinhos - UTFPR. In the first experiment, which had duration of 1-21 days 714 chicks were used, with average weight 44,7+/- 0,3g, distributed in a completely randomized design with 6 increasing levels of brewery waste inclusion with 7 replicates of 17 animals each. While in the second experiment, with from 21 to 42 days, were used 546 broiler chicks at 21 days old, average weight of 865 +/- 8g, distributed in a design and treatments similar to the first experiment and 14 birds per repetition. The birds were weighed on arrival, 21 and 42 days in experiment I and at 21 and 42 days in the second experiment to determine the performance of animals in these phases. In the first experiment, 21 days, blood samples of two birds were collected by experimental unit and killed 2 birds to assess body composition and development of the intestinal villi and 2 birds at 42 days to assess the possible residual effects of treatments on carcass yield and prime cuts. While in the second experiment, after 42 days of life also blood samples of two birds were collected and slaughtered one bird per experimental unit for assessment of body composition and another one bird by repetition to evaluate the carcass yield and prime cuts and development of the intestinal villi. All birds were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Statistical analyzes of the studied levels were carried out by the Statistical Analysis System program - SAEG (Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 1999).
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Ugwuanyi, Jeremiah Obeta. "Aerobic thermophilic digestion of model agricultural wastes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366924.

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Callaghan, Fergal James. "Co-digestion of agricultural and industrial wastes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3601/.

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Anaerobic digestion technology has not gained widespread acceptance on UK farms due mainly to the long return on investment periods involved. It has been suggested that co-digestion of agricultural and industrial wastes may enhance the economic viability of such installations. Batch and continuous digestion of cattle slurry and organic industrial wastes was carried out in specially constructed pilot plant digesters, to determine optimum mixtures of waste and digester loading rates. A total of 10 different wastes were tested, on a batch digestion basis, for their potential to co-digest with cattle slurry. Of these, 3 were chosen for continuous pilot plant trials, due to either a need to provide a disposal route for the waste, or positive effects of the waste on methane productivity. Chicken manure was found to slightly enhance methane productivity, but ammonia inhibition of methanogenic bacteria was noted over time. The organic fraction of municipal household waste (OFMSW) significantly enhanced digester methane productivity, while fish offal (FO) slightly enhanced methane productivity when added to the digester in small quantities, but quickly caused digester failure when added in larger amounts. An economic model of a digestion facility was developed and used to show the financial benefits of co-digestion.
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Marchetti, Ezio. "Use of Agricultural Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284110.

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Global cement production is continuously increasing from 1990 till 2050 and growing particularly rapidly in developing countries, where it represents a crucial element for infrastructure development and industrialisation. Every tonne of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced releases, on average, about 800 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere, or, in total, the overall production of cement represents roughly 7% of all man-made carbon emissions. The present paper aims to deepen the re-use of agricultural solid waste materials as partial replacement of OPC, which can positively contribute to the sustainability of the concrete industry because of their availability and environmental friendliness. In particular, rice-husk ash (RHA) and oat-husk ash (OHA), burned under the right conditions, can have a high reactive silica content, representing very potential pozzolans. The mechanical and physical characteristics of both materials are investigated to evaluate the influence on concrete properties. Subsequently, using the environmental product declarations (EPDs) of the material used, a comparative environmental impact analysis between RHA concrete and ordinary concrete having the same resistance class, is presented. It is concluded that the use of RHA as supplementary cementitious material can serve a viable and sustainable partial replacement to OPC for the reduction of CO2 emissions and global warming potential.
Den globala cementproduktionen ökar från 1990 till 2050 och växer särskilt snabbt i utvecklingsländer, där den utgör en viktig del för infrastrukturutveckling och industrialisering. Varje ton vanligt portlandcement (OPC) släpper i genomsnitt ut cirka 800 kg koldioxid i atmosfären, och, totalt, representerar den totala cementproduktionen ungefär 7% av alla koldioxidutsläpp från mänsklig verksamhet. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att fördjupa kunskapen om och därmed i förlängningen återanvändningen av fasta avfallsmaterial från jordbruket som delvis ersättning av OPC, vilket kan bidra till hållbarheten i betongindustrin på grund av deras tillgänglighet och miljövänlighet. I synnerhet kan risskalaska (RHA) och havreskalaska (OHA), som bränns under rätt process, ha en hög reaktiv kiseldioxidhalt, vilket representerar mycket potentiella puzzolaner. De mekaniska och fysiska egenskaperna hos båda materialen har undersökts för att utvärdera deras inverkan på betongegenskaper. Därefter presenteras en jämförande miljökonsekvensanalys mellan RHA-betong och OPC-betong med samma motståndsklass med användning av miljövarudeklaration (EPD) för det använda materialet. Man drar slutsatsen att användningen av RHA som alternativt bindemedel (SCM) till OPC kan hjälpa till att minska koldioxidutsläppen och den globala uppvärmningspotentialen.
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Hassinger, Elaine, and Jack Watson. "Collection and Storage of Agricultural Animal Wastes and Wastewater." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144713.

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The greatest management concern with animal wastes is the movement of nitrate into water supplies. Health problems in humans and livestock can result from excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water. This publication outlines the guidelines to minimizing the risk of contaminating your drinking water. It also lists a number of questions to check if your management practices in the collection and storage of animal wastes may pose a risk to your groundwater.
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Books on the topic "Agricultural wastes as feed"

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Australian-Asian Fibrous Agricultural Residues Research Network. Workshop. The utilization of fibrous agricultural residues as animal feeds: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop of the Australian-Asian Fibrous Agricultural Residues Research Network held in Khon Kaen, Thailand, 10-14 April, 1984. Canberra: International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges, 1985.

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Bedingar, Touba. Trends in agro-byproducts and their feeding potential in sub-Saharan Africa. Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia: Livestock Economics Division, International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1990.

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Chandrasiri, Athula. A study of non-conventional animal feed resources in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Agrarian Research and Training Institute, 1987.

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R, Preston T., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., and International Livestock Centre for Africa., eds. Better utilization of crop residues and by-products in animal feeding: Research guidelines : proceedings of the FAO/ILCA Expert Consultation, 5-9 March 1984, ILCA Headquarters, Addis Ababa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1985.

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Australian-Asian Fibrous Agricultural Residues Research Network. Workshop. Ruminant feeding systems utilizing fibrous agricultural residues, 1987: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Workshop of the Australian-Asian Fibrous Agricultural Residues Research Network held at Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 2-4 June 1987. Canberra, ACT: International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges, 1988.

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Workshop, Australian-Asian Fibrous Agricultural Residues Research Network. Ruminant feeding systems utilizing fibrous agricultural residues, 1985: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Workshop of the Australian-Asian Fibrous Agricultural Residues Research Network held in Balai Penelitian Ternak, Ciawi, Bogor, 13-17 April, 1985. Canberra, ACT: International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges, 1986.

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Doyle, P. T. Rice straw as a feed for ruminants. Canberra [Australia]: International Development Program of Austalian Universities and Colleges Limited, 1986.

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Doyle, P. T. Rice straw as a feed for ruminants. Canberra: International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges, 1986.

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North Carolina. General Assembly. Legislative Research Commission. Agribusiness plant variance: Report to the 1991 General Assembly of North Carolina, 1991 session. Raleigh, N.C: The Commission, 1991.

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Nō-suisan shigen no yūkō riyō to zero emisshon. Tōkyō: Kōseisha Kōseikaku, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agricultural wastes as feed"

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Cavelius, Philipp, Selina Engelhart-Straub, Kevin Heieck, Melania Pilz, Felix Melcher, and Thomas Brück. "Agricultural Biocatalysis: From Waste Stream to Food and Feed Additives." In Agricultural Biocatalysis, 133–82. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003313076-4.

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Skvortsova, Lyudmila, Denis Osepchuk, and Tamara Nepshekueva. "Efficiency of Using Rapeseed-Processing Wastes in Mixed Feed for Broiler Chickens." In Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021), 253–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91405-9_27.

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Orlova, Nadezhda, Evgenia Serova, Vladimir Popov, and Marina Petukhova. "Key Areas of the Agricultural Science Development in Russia in the Context of Global Trends and Challenges." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 799–812. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_42.

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AbstractThe modern Russian agrifood industry is a steadily developing sector of the national economy. The production of a number of goods has reached historically high levels. Russia has a strong position in the export of agricultural raw material commodities, while the country remains dependent on imports from other countries. This chapter examines critical areas of scientific research in Russia that will create opportunities for increasing competitiveness in the transition of the world food systems from conventional agriculture to Agriculture 4.0. Science and technology-based innovations for transforming food systems in Russia include productivity growth through breeding technologies and improved genetics, in combination with technologies that will ensure optimal realization of this potential (feed additives, fertilizers, plant protection products, animal health, and other so-called “package” solutions). The introduction of digital technologies and cross-platform solutions in agriculture, to reduce the gaps in labor productivity, will increase overall productivity and reduce food losses. Diversification of food products includes priorities for high-margin segments of healthy, functional and personalized nutrition, and the deep processing of agricultural commodities. The paper explores closed farming systems (including “urban farming”) that are independent of external climatic and biological factors. Development of the agricultural waste recycling sector is a priority too. Russia lags behind its competitors in terms of the scientific quality of its production. This is due to a lack of efficiency in the financing of agricultural science, as well as an imbalance within its structure. An increasingly acute problem of the transition of Russian food systems to the innovative path is the reduction of human resources. This trend is typical both in the scientific sector, where it is expressed in a decrease in the number of researchers and an aging staff (which threatens the continuity in the established scientific schools and the viability of research teams) and in agriculture as a whole.
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Limaymanta, Abelardo, Carlos Cantalicio, Grimaldo Quispe, and Carlos Raymundo. "Design of Equipment for a Forage and Agricultural Waste Processor to Improve Livestock Feed." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 862–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68017-6_128.

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Ashour, Taha. "Composites Using Agricultural Wastes." In Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, 197–240. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119441632.ch27.

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Kaur, Manpreet, Akshita Mehta, Kamal Kumar Bhardwaj, and Reena Gupta. "Bionanomaterials from Agricultural Wastes." In Green Nanomaterials, 243–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3560-4_10.

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Lopez-Real, J. M. "Composting of Agricultural Wastes." In The Science of Composting, 542–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_51.

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Kaur, Sandeep, and Loveleen Sarao. "Bioenergy from Agricultural Wastes." In Clean Energy Production Technologies, 127–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1862-8_5.

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Dharini, V., S. Periyar Selvam, and Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku. "Materials from Agricultural Wastes." In Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, 2459–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36268-3_162.

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Dharini, V., S. Periyar Selvam, and E. Rotimi Sadiku. "Materials from Agricultural Wastes." In Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11155-7_162-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agricultural wastes as feed"

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Sarmiento, A. L. E., D. M. Y. Maya, F. Chejne, and E. E. S. Lora. "Gasification of Agro-Industrial Wastes for Electricity Cogeneration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43410.

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The purpose of this paper is to report studies on agricultural residual biomass gasification to power cogeneration. The classification was determined by availability and feedstock for thermochemical conversion of waste materials of flower industry in Colombia. Firstly, it was made an inventory of the main species of flowers produced, they were evaluated from the point of view of energy proximate and ultimate analysis of the available biomass[1]–[4] [5]. As a result of this work, the waste types with higher residual biomass per unit area were classified, they generate on average 665.59 Kg/ha of dry residual biomass. The elemental analysis (CHON) was expressed to be: C:35,47%, H:4,50%, O:52,24 % and N:2,291% and a calorific value of 3248,30 cal/kg. Experimental tests were conducted in a gasification updraft reactor using air as gasifying agent, steam and a mixture of air and steam at 850°C. The yields and gas composition were analyzed, in this case the values of CO, H2, CO2, N2 and CH4 have been on average 21.9%, 44.8%, 24.4%, 5.9% and 3.1% respectively [1], [2], [4], [6]–[10]. With the experimental test data was fed zero dimensional model in Aspen Plus® software, which highlights that 20% of energy from biomass producer gas is carried to later becoming electricity, it concludes that for each kilogram of biomass with 11% humidity fed to the process will provide 0.66 kW of electric power to the motor generator.
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Dabees, Ahmed, Mahmoud Ramadan, and Andrej Lisec. "A Review of Rice Straw Utilization Opportunities as Low Cost Agriculture in Egypt." In XVI. International Conference on Logistics in Agriculture 2022. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fl.1.2022.2.

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Rice production is associated with vast quantities of straw, which have historically been eliminated through the practice of burning fields in the open. However, the burning of agricultural leftovers, particularly rice straw in Egypt (about 4.4 million tons per year), results in what is called locally as Black Cloud, reverse process and utilization for rice straw a major challenge due to technical, social, institutional, and socioeconomic constraints, what was once a valuable resource is now being burned as a waste. Rice Straw could be used properly to create bioethanol, mushrooms, pulp, biofuels, paper, fertilizers, and animal feed, as well as conservation for agriculture. This article examines the composition of rice straw and husks, the procedures involved in the manufacturing of valued products, and the different applications for these materials. These include agricultural additives, energy generation, environmental adsorbents, building materials, and a variety of products.
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Millers, Janis, and Irina Pilvere. "Possibilities of Biogas Production from Livestock Waste in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.043.

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With the adoption of the Green Deal in the European Union (EU), the role of biodiversity, basic principles of the circular economy, climate change mitigation, forest protection and renewable energy increased. Since 2007, biogas production in Latvia has increased significantly, as it was possible to receive co-funding from the EU Funds for the construction of biogas plants. In 2021, inputs of agricultural origin are used by 40 biogas plants with an average installed capacity of 1 MW. The emergence of biogas plants on livestock farms is facilitated by the development of a circular economy producing waste from the production process – manure and feed waste. Anaerobic fermentation results in digestate – a nutrient-rich plant fertilizer that reduces the application of chemical fertilizers. Rational use of biogas can reduce the need for fossil fuels. Energy production from biogas should be encouraged, as waste is used efficiently, thereby generating energy and reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In Latvia, livestock production is one of the key industries of the national economy, which produces manure and feed waste. The present research calculated the amounts of cattle, pig and poultry manure and feed waste in Latvia. The research analysed livestock farms by number of cattle, pigs and poultry, the potential amounts of manure and waste produced and theoretical biogas output. Theoretically, 309 farms analysed can produce 93.5 mln. m3 of biogas from agricultural waste and construct 269 new biogas plants. A policy for supporting the construction of new biogas plants would contribute to the country’s independence from fossil energy sources, as well as increase the proportion of renewable energy sources to 50-70 % in final energy consumption by 2030. Farmers on whose farms a biogas plant could be built need to carefully consider the uses of the biogas produced. The uses could be thermal energy generation for heat supply, cogeneration (thermal and electrical energy) or biomethane production.
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Farrell, Paul, and Philip R. LeGoy. "Using Plasma Pyrolysis Vitrification (PPV) to Enhance Incineration Waste Ash Reduction in Ireland." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1028.

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Ireland has been called the Silicon Valley of Europe. Like the Silicon Valley in the U.S. it has a large amount of waste created by the Microchip Industry. Ireland is also an agricultural country. A large amount of bio-waste has been stockpiled in Ireland. This is the result of recent outbreaks/epidemics of animal diseases in the EU. The current growth industry of Ireland is the chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Nine of the top ten pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing in Ireland. Wastes from these industries are often toxic and hazardous. They can contain large amounts of combustible organic compounds depending on their source. Since Ireland is an island it has special problems disposing of waste. Waste comes in as products as packaging and it doesn’t go out. The emerging solution is Incineration. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) can contain many forms of metal and chemistry under normal conditions. When a large amount of the primary industry of a region is chemistry based and agricultural based there is the probability of more than usual amount of toxic residue in the refuse. The ash from incineration contains items such as dioxins & heavy metals that are environmental toxins. Using a Plasma Pyrolysis Vitrification (PPV) process the volume of the resultant ash from incineration can be further reduced by as much as 30 to 1. A PPV process has an added advantage of giving an incineration facility the capability of rendering ash safe for reuse as construction material and as a side benefit reclaiming many valuable elemental components of the ash. The PPV plant can be used to destroy waste directly and economically as long as the gate fees are high. One byproduct of incinerator ash smelting/destruction using a PPV process is CO gas, a combustible fuel resource for power generation. Precious metals may also be reclaimed as an alloy material by-product.
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Taha, Ahmed A., Tarek Abdel-Salam, and Madhu Vellakal. "Hydrogen, Biodiesel and Ethanol for Internal Combustion Engines: A Review Paper." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1011.

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Alternative fuels research has been on going for well over many years at a number of institutions. Driven by oil price and consumption, engine emissions and climate change, along with the lack of sustainable fossil fuels, transportation sector has generated an interest in alternative, renewable sources of fuel for internal combustion engines. The focus has ranged from feed stock optimization to engine-out emissions, performance and durability. Biofuels for transportation sector, including alcohols (ethanol, methanol…etc.), biodiesel, and other liquid and gaseous fuels such as methane and hydrogen, have the potential to displace a considerable amount of petroleum-based fuels around the world. First generation biofuels are produced from sugars, starches, or vegetable oils. On the contrary, the second generation biofuels are produced from cellulosic materials, agricultural wastes, switch grasses and algae rather than sugar and starch. By not using food crops, second generation biofuel production is much more sustainable and has a lower impact on food production. Also known as advanced biofuels, the second-generation biofuels are still in the development stage. Combining higher energy yields, lower requirements for fertilizer and land, and the absence of competition with food, second generation biofuels, when available at prices equivalent to petroleum derived products, offer a truly sustainable alternative for transportation fuels. There are main four issues related to alternative fuels: production, transportation, storage, handling and usage. This paper presents a review of recent literature related to the alternative fuels usage and the impact of these fuels on fuel injection systems, and fuel atomization and sprays for both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. Effect of these renewable fuels on both internal flow and external flow characteristics of the fuel injector will be presented.
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Awogbemi, O., and D. V. V. Kallon. "INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES." In 33rd Annual Southern African Institute of Industrial Engineering Conference. Waterkloof, Pretoria, South Africa: South African Institute for Industrial Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/066390-0067.

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Theis, Mischa, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, Mikko Hupa, and Honghi Tran. "Fouling Tendency of Ash Resulting From Burning Mixtures of Biofuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78019.

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Specified mixtures of peat with bark and peat with straw were burned in a lab-scale entrained flow reactor that simulates conditions in the superheater region of a biomass-fired boiler. Deposits were collected on an air-cooled probe that was inserted into the reactor at the outlet. For both mixtures, the deposition behaviour followed a non-linear pattern, which suggests that physico-chemical interaction between the ashes of the different fuels has taken place. The results indicate that it is possible to burn up to 30 wt-% bark (renewable biofuel and pulp mill waste) and up to 70 wt-% straw (renewable biofuel and agricultural waste) in mixtures with peat without encountering increased deposition rates in the reactor. The deposit composition was compared to the fuel ash composition using chemical fractionation analysis and SEM/EDX. While the composition of deposits obtained from pure fuels resembles the feed composition, a considerable change is observed in deposits obtained from mixtures. K and S compounds are attached to Si spheres and the substrate surface. The deposition rate is significantly lowered when removing K, S, Cl and Na in bark prior to burning by washing and mechanical/thermal dewatering.
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Castell, Albert, Pere Margalef, Marc Medrano, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Scott G. Samuelsen. "Economic Viability of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Working With Biogas." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65259.

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Catalonia (Spain) has a significant potential of biogas production from agricultural activities and municipal waste. In addition, there are plenty of industrial cogeneration plants, but most of them use conventional fuels such as natural gas, and conventional energy conversion devices, such as internal combustion engines. Molten carbonate fuel cells are ultra-clean and highly efficient power generator devices capable of converting biogas into electricity and heat. Located in Lleida (Catalonia), Nufri is a fruit processing company with a long tradition on biogas production and cogeneration, with an installed capacity bigger than 4.5 MW. This study analyzes the economic viability of a fuel cell operating on biogas in Spain, on a real case basis (Nufri). Different fuel cell capacities are analyzed (from 300 kW to 1200 kW). A parametric study of different fuel cell prices ($/kW installed) is performed. Additional biogas cleanup requirements are taken into account. The results are based on the Spanish legislation, which establishes a special legal framework that grants favorable, technology-dependent feed-in premiums for renewable energy and cogeneration. Results show that the payback period ranges from 5 to 8 years depending on the fuel cell capacity and installation price.
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Welch, Michael. "Poly-Generation Using Biogas From Agricultural Wastes." In ASME 2019 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1822.

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Abstract Across the world, many people, especially in rural communities, still lack access to secure, affordable electricity supplies. Many countries also lack or have under-developed indigenous fossil fuel resources, or rely on environmentally unfriendly fuels such as coal or Heavy Fuel Oil. Many under-developed regions though are blessed with considerable agricultural resources, and well-suited to Distributed Power Generation, where smaller decentralized power plants are located close to the actual energy consumers. Distributed Power eliminates the need for an electricity transmission grid, or reduces the investment costs necessary to strengthen the grid system, and helps ensure stable, secure electricity to support local economic growth. Agricultural wastes can be used as a locally available feedstock to produce the energy required to electrify regions and stimulate economic growth. This paper examines the benefits of applying Poly-generation — the production of multiple products at a single location — and examines a proposed bio-refinery scheme to produce ethanol from agricultural waste. The ethanol production process produces a waste biogas, which can then be used in a high efficiency Cogeneration (or Combined Heat and Power) plant as a fuel for gas turbines to generate electricity and steam (heat), not just for the bio-refinery but also local industry and businesses. By creating a high value product (ethanol) along with a free fuel, the bio-refinery acts as an anchor plant to provide reliable, affordable electricity to the local community. As well as providing economic benefits, such a concept has multiple environmental benefits as regions and nations try to combine growth in energy demand with reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions: agricultural residues that would otherwise have decayed emitting methane and CO2 into the atmosphere are used to create a high value product in ethanol, while using the biogas as a fuel displaces combustion of fossil fuels, reducing both combustion emissions and those associated with transportation of the fuel to the point of use.
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A. Ongo, Emelda, Candy S. Valdecañas, and Bernard Jude M. Gutierrez. "UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR OIL SPILLS REMEDIATION." In International Conference on Fisheries and Aquaculture. TIIKM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/icoaf.2016.2106.

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Reports on the topic "Agricultural wastes as feed"

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Palmborg, Cecilia. Fertilization with digestate and digestate products – availability and demonstration experiments within the project Botnia nutrient recycling. Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.25rctaeopn.

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To increase our food security in Västerbotten we will need to become more self-sufficient of both energy, feed and nutrients that are now imported to the region. Biogas production from different waste streams is one solution to this. Biogas is produced using biowaste or sewage sludge as substrate in the major cities Umeå and Skellefteå. Biogas systems offer a range of benefits to society. Biogas production is currently prized for its climate benefits when replacing fossil fuels for the production of heat, electricity and vehicle gas, but at Bothnia Nutrient Recycling we have studied how to use the digestate, i.e. the residual product of production, as fertilizer in agriculture. We have been working to improve profitability for biogas producers and develop sustainable products from recycled nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen. Improving the uses for digestate increases self-sufficiency in agriculture and contributes to a circular economy. We conducted three agricultural demonstration experiments in collaboration with agricultural high schools in Finland and Sweden to introduce digestate and digestate products to the future farmers in the regions. We found that it may be possible to replace cattle slurry with compost when growing maize despite the low levels of nitrogen, N, available to plants in the compost. In barley, NPK fertilizers gave the highest yield. Digestate from HEMAB and sludge biochar supplemented with recycled ammonium sulphate gave a smaller yield but higher than unfertilized crop. Digestate from a dry digestion biogas plant in Härnösand was better suited to barley than to grass because in an experiment on grass ley the viscous fertilizer did not penetrate the grass and did not increase the growth of the grass. Fertilizer effects on crop quality were small. There was no increased uptake of heavy metals in barley after fertilization with digestate or digestate products compared to NPK fertilization. These demonstration experiments show that more thorough scientific experimentation is needed as a foundation for recommendations to farmers. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous in digestate from Västerbotten that could become used as fertilizer were modelled. It showed that if sewage sludge digestate is used to make sludge biochar and ammonium sulphate and the other available digestates are used directly in agriculture, the entire phosphorous demand but only a small part of the nitrogen demand in the county, could be covered. Thus, to achieve a true circular food production, development and increase of both the waste handling sector and agriculture is needed.
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Ahmed, Akhter, Ricardo Hernandez, and Firdousi Naher. Agricultural technology adoption in the Feed the Future zone in Bangladesh. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9789845063715_01.

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Parida, Umesh Kumar, Jogeswari Rout, and Gourisankar Roy. Nano Vermicomposting from Agricultural Wastes for Sustainable Organic Farming in Odisha. NEWREDMARS EDUCATION PVT LTD, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28921/nrme.book.12.2018.1.35.

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Dixon, Derek, Amy Westesen, Mark Hall, Cody Stewart, Jesse Lang, Derek Cutforth, William Eaton, and Reid Peterson. Vitrification of Hanford Tank Wastes for Condensate Recycle and Feed Composition Changeover Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1842843.

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BOGER, R. M. Evaluation of the Validity of 3 Criteria for Sampling and Analyzing DST Wastes in Support of Waste Feed Delivery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805371.

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Moorehead, Stewart. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Commercialization of Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles. SAE International, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022003.

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Autonomous agricultural vehicles are entering the marketplace, performing jobs that current equipment cannot do or are too dangerous for humans to perform. They offer the prospect of greater farm productivity, and they will help to feed the world’s growing population. This report looks at several topics that impact the commercial success of autonomous agricultural vehicles. The economic benefit that an autonomous system brings to a farm will be discussed alongside machine utilization rates, job quality, and labor savings. The need for standards and regulations to help promote the development of safe systems—as well as to define the language around autonomous agriculture—is also considered. Additionally, this report will highlight the importance of reliability in agricultural machinery and how successful commercialization of autonomy will depend on the ability to do the job correctly and consistently. A critical part of commercial success is how the autonomous agricultural vehicle fits into existing farm processes to provide a complete solution for the farmer. It is hoped that this report will help developers interested in commercializing autonomous agricultural vehicles consider more than just the technical problems to solve and make choices beneficial to market adoption.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman, and John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.
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Blaxter, Tamsin, and Tara Garnett. Primed for power: a short cultural history of protein. TABLE, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/ba271ef5.

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Protein has a singularly prominent place in discussions about food. It symbolises fitness, strength and masculinity, motherhood and care. It is the preferred macronutrient of affluence and education, the mark of a conscientious diet in wealthy countries and of wealth and success elsewhere. Through its association with livestock it stands for pastoral beauty and tradition. It is the high-tech food of science fiction, and in discussions of changing agricultural systems it is the pivotal nutrient around which good and bad futures revolve. There is no denying that we need protein and that engaging with how we produce and consume it is a crucial part of our response to the environmental crises. But discussions of these issues are affected by their cultural context—shaped by the power of protein. Given this, we argue that it is vital to map that cultural power and understand its origins. This paper explores the history of nutritional science and international development in the Global North with a focus on describing how protein gained its cultural meanings. Starting in the first half of the 19th century and running until the mid-1970s, it covers two previous periods when protein rose to singular prominence in food discourse: in the nutritional science of the late-19th century, and in international development in the post-war era. Many parallels emerge, both between these two eras and in comparison with the present day. We hope that this will help to illuminate where and why the symbolism and story of protein outpace the science—and so feed more nuanced dialogue about the future of food.
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