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Widayati, Trisiwi Wahyu, Bernaddeta Wahyuni Irianti Rahayu, Dwi Djoko Rahardjo, and Budi Santoso. "The Utilization of Agricultural and Food Industry Wastes as Feed of Grower Pigs in Manokwari Regency West Papua." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.3.723.
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The aim of this study was to find out the potential of agricultural and food industry wastes as the constituents of pig feed to improve pigs’ performance and to reduce the feeding cost. This study was conducted at Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. The agricultural and food industry wastes were collected from two traditional market, and four small-scale food industries. All materials used as feed were proximately analyzed to determine their nutritional values. Average daily gain, feed consumption and feed coversion ratio were taken to determine the pigs performance. Feed cost using local market prices was estimated in knowing the ability of agricultural and food industry wastes to substitutes commercial feed. The result of this research indicates that the use of agricultural and food industries wastes as an alternative components of pigs’ feed to substitute the commercial feed do not reduce the pigs’ performance and production. Among three feeds that use of agricultural and food industry wastes, feed with the combination of 75% waste and 25% commercial feed had the best feed conversion ratio, namely 2.36. On the other hand, a mixture of 25% wastes and 75% commercial feed was the most economic one, and able to reduce the feeding cost of grower pig up to 48.00%.Key words: agricultural waste, food industry wastes, grower period, pig, feed
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Kari, Zulhisyam Abdul, Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri, Nor Dini Rusli, Khairiyah Mat, M. B. Mahmud, Nik Nur Azwanida Zakaria, Wendy Wee, et al. "Recent Advances, Challenges, Opportunities, Product Development and Sustainability of Main Agricultural Wastes for the Aquaculture Feed Industry – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0082.
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Abstract Million tonnes of agricultural waste are generated annually worldwide. Agricultural wastes possess similar profiles to the main products but are lower in quality. Managing these agricultural wastes is costly and requires strict regulation to minimise environmental stress. Thus, these by-products could be repurposed for industrial use, such as alternative resources for aquafeed to reduce reliance on fish meal and soybean meal, fertilisers to enrich medium for growing live feed, antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulatory enhancers. Furthermore, utilising agricultural wastes and other products can help mitigate the existing environmental and economic dilemmas. Therefore, transforming these agricultural wastes into valuable products helps sustain the agricultural industry, minimises environmental impacts, and benefits industry players. Aquaculture is an important sector to supply affordable protein sources for billions worldwide. Thus, it is essential to explore inexpensive and sustainable resources to enhance aquaculture production and minimise environmental and public health impacts. Additionally, researchers and farmers need to understand the elements involved in new product development, particularly the production of novel innovations, to provide the highest quality products for consumers. In summary, agriculture waste is a valuable resource for the aquafeed industry that depends on several factors: formulation, costing, supply, feed treatment and nutritional value.
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Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Catalin Razvan Vintu, Constantin Daniel Diaconu, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Study of Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Environmental Issue in Romania." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 3 (April 15, 2017): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.3.5503.
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Agriculture and animal husbandry produce significant quantity of solid or liquid residues and waste products. Unfortunately, some of these wastes are not dealt with properly and are causing considerable damage to the environment. Agricultural wastes (AW) in Romania amount range from 7600 thousand tons a year of which only 1400 thousand tons as animal feed and 1100 thousand tons as organic manure are being utilized. These crop waste results after harvesting in the farm of leaves stem which are characterized as coarse plant by-products and big size, chemically low in protein and fat contents, or, like other country (example: Netherlands) avoid waste as much as possible, recover the valuable raw materials from any waste that is created, try to generate energy by incinerating the residual waste, and only then dump what is left. The focus of the research paper is to investigate the importance of agriculture wastes that becomes very obvious and aggregated after the harvest crops. The most common solution is the utilizations of agricultural waste for compositing, as animal fodder, most often as a source of energy, food production, by growing mushroom on agricultural wastes such as oat straw as a substrate. This means the conversion of wastes to economic, nutritional human food. Growing vegetables on oat straw compacted bales in areas where soil disease and salinity are constrains. The implementation of most of the solutions to agricultural waste management does not meet the basic elements of sustainability like environmental protection and social progression, technical and technological improvement as well as economic improvements.
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Prasetyo, A., and B. Heryanto. "Applying Geospatial Technology in Estimating Agricultural Wastes Carrying Capacity in Grobogan Regency, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 887, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/887/1/012006.
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Abstract This study aimed to estimate using geospatial the feed carrying capacity of agricultural wastes, especially in Grobogan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The method that has been used in this study is the descriptive analysis which is sourced from secondary data from Grobogan Regency. Analysis of agricultural waste production includes rice straw, corn and soybeans converted into dry matter feed. Geospatial analysis using ArcGis 10.3 software to extract feed carrying capacity data in the form of maps. The result showed that dry matter agricultural wastes 405528.81 (tons/year), The capacity of beef cattle was 924606 (animal units) and the ability to add beef cattle was 791036 (animal units). The conclusion of the study that Grobogan Regency has to carrying capacity indexes were at safe levels.
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SRUAMSIRI, Sompong. "Agricultural wastes as dairy feed in Chiang Mai." Animal Science Journal 78, no. 4 (August 2007): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00445.x.
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Kulathunga, K. M. W. H., K. Y. H. D. Shantha, and W. A. D. Nayananjalie. "Preparation of Cattle Feed Blocks Using Agricultural Wastes." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v2i1.64.
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Onyegeme-Okerenta, B. M., B. C. Amadi, and M. O. Wegwu. "Use of Livestock and Plant Agro-Waste in the Production of Organic Feed and Its Effect on the Physiology of Albino Wistar Rats." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 3 (April 26, 2021): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i3.1.
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The need to consider agricultural wastes as resources for organic feed formulation has been of interest to researchers. This study was aimed at investigating the use of some livestock and plant agro-wastes in the production of organic feed and its effect on the physiology of albino Wistar rats. A total of 30 weaning rats were separated into six (6) different groups with 5 rats per group. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were fed with known commercial feed -Vital, Top and Hybrid feeds respectively, Group 4 was fed with corn only, while Groups 5 and 6 were fed with indigenous formulated feed FF1 and FF2 respectively - derived from some local livestock and agro-waste. Phytochemical constituents and proximate composition of the various feeds were carried out. The animals were fed for 7 weeks during which anthropometric measurement and data were collected. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture after seven weeks for biochemical and haematology analysis. The result of the proximate analysis of the formulated feeds showed protein values of 30.00±3.00 (FF1) and 22.00±1.00 (FF2) as against 18%, 21% and 22% for Vital, Top and Hybrid feeds respectively. The haematology indices showed that the various feeds improved erythropoietic functions. Similarly, the Biochemical functions of the commercial feeds and Formulated diets can support growth and maintain homeostasis. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated an added advantage in the use of agro-wastes and their biotransformation into a cost-effective replacement for commercial feeds.
Keywords: Commercial feeds, Formulated feeds, Wistar rats, Corn
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Kumar Gupta, Aman, Alice Minj, Dipak Yadav, and Anuj Poudel. "UTILIZATION OF SOLID OR LIQUID WASTES IN AGRICULTURE." JOURNAL OF WASTES AND BIOMASS MANAGEMENT 3, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2021.09.12.
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Now-days increasing solid or liquid wastes are major problems in developing country therefore utilization of all these wastes are required because of its impact on the environment and as well as on agriculture. These wastes are decomposed and stabilized through composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion, recycling and reuse. Solid wastes act as an organic fertilizer, nutrient supplier, and media for nursery and also helps in improving the physical, chemical and microbiological activity in agricultural soils. Reuse of wastewater helps in reducing water crisis in agriculture. Poultry wastes are used as organic fertilizer, feed for livestock, biogas production, products for commercial purposes.
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Yete Pélagie, Mahunon Reine, Togbe Alexis, Ehinnou Casimir, Wekpon Honorat, Ahlonsou Daniel, Aina Pépin, and Wotto Valentin. "Physicochemical characterization of two agricultural wastes for the formulation of animal feeds." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1315.
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Waste management is a major problem to which the agricultural and food industries must find solutions. The latter use pineapple in most of the processes for the manufacture of fruit juices. These processes result in tons of waste that are often abandoned on dumps near the processing plants, polluting the water table and the quality of surface water after drainage by rainwater. Our study therefore proposed to find an efficient solution to this problem by valorizing agro-industrial pineapple waste in animal feed. Thus, the physicochemical parameters of pineapple peelings and soybean cakes were determined following protocols of French standards. From the results obtained, it appears that pineapple peelings are rich in fermentable sugars, especially cellulose, a source of energy (34% DM) but poor in total nitrogenous matter (6.86%). As feed is a source of protein, soybean meal was added to pineapple peels for enrichment in total nitrogenous matter. The characterized soybean meal showed that it contains 33.46% of total nitrogenous matter. A more complete characterization of the formulated feeds will have to be carried out for their better use in animal feed.
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Akhadiarto, Sindu. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN ITIK DENGAN LIMBAH UDANG DAN LIMBAH KULIT KACANG KEDELAI YANG DIBERI PROBIOTIK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN WARNA KUNING TELUR." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i2.1210.
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The objective of this study was to utilize the superiority of agricultural waste in form of soybean hull and shrimp wastes and their combination on egg layer duck. This feed contains starbio probiotic functions for fiber digestion (soybean hull waste) and chitin (from shrimp waste). The expectation was that there would be duck ration which is able to increase egg production and quality and brighter reddish egg-yolk which is attractive and full of nutritions. The research was conducted in three stages. Stage I is Nutrient Digestional Value Test on the formula of soybean hull and shrimp wastes mixture on Duck Feed Contained Starbio." Stage II : experiment on "Mixture Formulation of soybean hull and shrimp wastes mixture on Duck Feed Contained Starbio Probiotik for Increasing The Performance of Egg Layer Duck" and III experiment on "The Production of Reddish Duck Egg-Yolk With Feed Contained soybean hull and Shrimp Wastes Mixture". The experiment concluded that : I) the provision of soybean hull andshrimp had significant effects on digestability of feed dried materials, but conversely had no effects on protein digestability and crude fiber, as well as on egg produktion and quality.There was no interaction between two materials in the treatment. 2) Shrimp waste tended to have effects on daily egg production of egg layer duck; 3) Yellow color of the eggs couldn't change to be reddish yet, since xanthophyl content had already lost in over-dried and alreadyexpired shrimp wastes.Key Words : shrimp waste, soybean hull, probiotic, egg-yolk color
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Andrianto, Dimas, Husnawati, Zulfikar Muchammad, Danty Oktiana Prastiwi, Gina Oktaviani Sabrina, Muhammad Farhan, Imelia Dewi, et al. "Pemberdayaan Pertanian Terpadu Bermodal Limbah Ladang, Dapur dan Kandang Berbasis Koperasi di Desa Cibitung Tengah, Bogor." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.6.3.195-205.
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Farming in Cibitung Tengah Village, Tenjolaya Subdistrict, Bogor District, West Jawa is characterized by vegetables and sheep farming. Several problems in farming are the use of chemical fertilizers, management of agriculture and domestic wastes properly; even some people disposing of garbage in the river and also, the institutional Farmer Group Association (Gapoktan) and Female Farmer Group (KWT) are not functioning optimally. The use of an integrated farming system can increase land and livestock productivities and reduce the volume of agriculture and domestic wastes all at once. This community empowerment activity aimed to increase the people's knowledge and skill of Cibitung Tengah Village in terms of processing agricultural and domestic wastes. Thus it will overcome the garbage and overuse of chemical fertilizer problems. The discussions and outreach activities were done by a door-to-door approach, especially for people who have not been actively involved in Gapoktan and KWT. This research was carried out with several educational activities such as counseling on community waste management systems, training on organic waste processing, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) training, processing organic waste with BSF technology, making silage as goat feed, and making branding of agricultural products. This empowerment program produced new products or processed products. The products will increase the income for the people of Cibitung Tengah, such as maggot processing products, CS-Fresh products, results from waste banks, and handicraft products from waste.
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El Hweity, Mouhamed, Galila Darwish, Bakr A, Abd Elhamid A, and Osama mohamed. "FARMERS’ GUIDANCE FOR RECYCLING AGRICULTURAL WASTES TO PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED." Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches 6, (E2) (April 1, 2017): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesr.2017.57418.
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Sulistyaningsih, Yoshi Tri, Bambang Haryanto, and Lintje Hutahaean. "Financial feasibility of livestock feed business from palm oil plantation wastes." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 02057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602057.
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There are three types of livestock feed as palm oil by-product, namely feed for fattening, feed for breeding and concentrates. This study aims to analyze the finansial feasibility of producing feed from palm oil waste and to analyze the added value of product from bio-industrial agricultural based on palm oil-cattle. This study was conducted in farmer group of bio-industrial agriculture in Sumber Makmur, Parenggean, Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, in December 2019. Data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussion. To analyze the finansial feasibility, used investment criteria: net benefit-cost ratio, break even point, and payback period, while to determine the added value of the product, used the Hayami method. The result showed that from net B/C ratio, BEP (rupiah and unit), and payback period, the business of animal feed for fattening, breeding, and concentrates are profitable. Among the three business of feed, business feed for fattening is more profitable than others. The ratio of the added value of each livestock feed business between 0,89-0.94. The result of the study showed that the three of feed business were feasible to develop. It can be considered by other farmer groups and investors to develop livestock feed business from oil palm cultivation waste.
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Dini, Isna Rahma, Hapsoh, Sukendi, and Wawan. "Empowerment of Fish Cultivation Supporting Integrated Agriculture in Youth Group, Langsat Permai Village, Bungaraya District, Siak Regency." Journal of Saintech Transfer 4, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v4i2.7056.
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The construction of canal blocking on canals around community agricultural land in Langsat Permai Village through science and technology activities for Mitra Village in 2017-2019 has provided an increase in agricultural yields for both food crops and horticulture. Furthermore, the construction of canal blocking also has an impact on the use of canals for fish farming. Therefore, the purpose of this service activity is to provide assistance in the cultivation of catfish cages and the manufacture of fish feed based on agricultural raw materials and agricultural waste in karang taruna. The success of catfish growth is strongly influenced by the type and amount of feed given. The more feed that is given, the faster the fish will grow but the higher the production costs. Therefore, alternative feeds are needed to reduce the use of fish pellets by making feed made from agricultural raw materials and agricultural waste. Farmer is carried out both in fish cultivation and in the manufacture of fish feed by agricultural raw materials and agricultural waste. Based on the results, all members of karang taruna have understood about catfish farming activities in cages and making fish feed based on agricultural raw materials and agricultural waste. This shows that integrated agriculture has been formed in Langsat Permai Village.
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Dewi, Dewi Rakhma. "AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE." International Journal of Business, Law, and Education 2, no. 3 (October 12, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v2i3.22.
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The purpose of writing this article is to to describe some of the functions of waste. Waste is the residue or by-product of the main product. Agricultural waste is part of agricultural plants above the ground or part of the shoots, stems that are left after being harvested or the main product is taken and is an alternative feed used as animal feed. The purpose of writing this article is to to describe some of the functions of waste. The method used in this research is literatur review. Based on the results of literature reviews of several agricultural books, most of the rice straw is used as compost. The percentage of rice straw is 65% is composted and 35% is used for animal feed. Agricultural waste is waste that comes from agricultural activities in a broad sense (agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and forestry) and agriculture-based industrial activities (agro-industry) in the form of solid waste (plant residues, leaves, animal waste) or liquid waste.
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Yusriani, Yenni, Nora Usrina, and Mustafa Sabri. "The Increase of Ruminant Population Based on Agricultural Waste Potential as Feed in Aceh Tamiang District." BIO Web of Conferences 33 (2021): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213304003.
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Livestock management includes the systems of maintenance, reproduction, and waste utilization. This study aims to examine the potential of feed sources for ruminants (cows and buffaloes) and efforts to maintain continuous feed availability associated with ruminant livestock development strategies. The data used were primary and secondary data of feed sources. Furthermore, the variables observed include cattle and buffalo population, agricultural waste production, digested dry matter (DDM), and carrying capacity. The results showed that Seruway sub-district had the highest population of cattle with 8,378 cows (4,933 ST) or 20.35% while Karang Baru sub-district had the highest population of 70 buffalo (34 ST) or 40.23%. Meanwhile, Manyak Payed sub-district produced the highest agricultural waste with 5,029.32 DDM tons/year while the low district was Kuala Simpang city. Moreover, the commodity that produces the highest agricultural waste is rice which is scattered in all districts with a total of 19,370.65 DDM tons/year. Although the cassava plant was not in all districts, it has the potential of producing 48,154.5 tons/year DDM. Furthermore, the sub-district with a great opportunity was Karang Baru which produces an unutilized potential of 2,718.23 tons/year and a carrying capacity of 2,384.41 (ST/year). This showed that Kejuruan Muda subdistrict has insufficient agricultural waste for cattle and buffalo, therefore, breeders in this sub-district get feed from the plantation and other wastes. Based on the results, Aceh Tamiang district has the potential to increase the ruminants population by utilizing forage feed from agricultural waste.
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Maftukhah, Siti, and Mutia Amyranti. "A Review Article : Ethanol Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Agricultural Waste." UNISTEK 7, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/unistek.v7i2.674.
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Bioethanol is one of the most promising and eco-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels, which is produced from renewable sources. Bioethanol can be produced from different kinds of raw materials. Conventional crops such as corn and sugarcane are unable to meet the global demand of bioethanol production due to their primary value of food and feed. Agricultural wastes are cost effective, renewable and abundant. To do this, very high gravity (VHG) fermentation which involves use of medium containing high sugar concentration(>250g/L) must be implemented to achieve high ethanol concentration. However, VHG fermentation leads to significant stress for Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to osmotic pressure at the beginning of the fermentation and high ethanol content at the end. At this review, rice straw is the most abundant waste compared to the other major wastes and potentially produce 205 billion liters bioethanol per year, which is the highest among these four mentioned agricultural wastes.
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ABO OMAR, Jamal, and Jihad ABDALLAH. "Performance of Assaf Lambs Fed Two Upgraded Agricultural Wastes." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 16, no. 7 (January 14, 2018): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.2711.
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Effects of ensiled greenhouse wastes (GHW), alkali-treated GHW and almond hulls (AH) on growth performance were studied on 24 Assaf lambs. All lambs were males with an average weight of 36.2 kg (S.D. = 2.1 kg) at the beginning of the experiment. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 lambs each. Lambs in each group received individually corn-soybean meal (SBM) total mixed rations (TMR). Rations were incorporated with a fixed amount (200 g/kg) of the treated raw ingredients: ensiled greenhouse wastes, alkali-treated GHW and ensiled AH. All rations were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The growth experiment lasted 80 d. Both chemical and biological treatments had significant effects on improving crude protein (CP) and fiber fractions. At termination of the experiment, lambs fed treated ingredients (i.e., ensiled GHW, alkali-treated GHW, ensiled AH) had better (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratios and consumed less (P < 0.05) feed. Treated GHW and AH had no effect on average daily gain (P = 0.14) and total gain (P = 0.21). Cost of gain was significantly lower in lambs fed the treated ingredients.
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Ernawati, Ni Made Laksmi, and I. Ketut Ngawit. "EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI GULMA, HIJAUAN PAKAN DAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN YANG DIMANFAATKAN SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK DI WILAYAH LAHAN KERING LOMBOK UTARA." Buletin Peternakan 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v39i2.6713.
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<p>Difficulties on weeds control and fodder scarcity in dry season are the major problems at dry land. Aim of this research was to identify and to explore the potency of several kinds of weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes that can be used as fodder, and further might be processed to make hay and silage. Explorative research to identify, observe, and collect data has been done using descriptive method of dominant weeds, forages, and agricultural waste that frequently used as fodder by farmers. The farmer’s decision to use weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes were determined by preference level of cattles and farmers empirical experiences. Result showed that dominant weeds found were broad leafed weeds with domination level 34.62-81.45% and narrow leafed weeds (grasses and teki) with domination level 28.65-65.38%. Broad leafed weeds that generally used as fodder were Cintella asiatica, Amaranthus spp., Mikania sp., Cyclosorous aridus, Gleichenia linearis, Physalis angulata, Portulaca oleracea, Mucaena pruriens, and Desmodium scalpe. Grasses weeds and teki were potential fodder with preference level of cattle from very much like to extremely like. Forage and agricultural waste that be potential as fodder were gamal leaf, sengon leaf, banana leaf and stem and coconut, agricultural waste of peanuts, corn, and sweet potato.</p><p>(Key words: Animal feed, Agricultural wastes, Dry land, Fodder, Forage, Identification and exploration, Weeds)</p>
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Kim, Sun Young, Tae-ho Chung, Seong-hyun Kim, Sungho Song, and Namjung Kim. "Recycling Agricultural Wastes as Feed for Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)." Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53, no. 4 (November 25, 2014): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5656/ksae.2014.10.0.043.
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Schroeder, Gerald L., and Steven Serfling. "High-yield aquaculture using low-cost feed and waste recycling methods." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, no. 2 (June 1989): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002769.
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AbstractConventional, low-yield aquaculture methods use earthen, standing water fish ponds that typically are stocked with 0.5 to 2 fish/m2and produce 3 to 10 tons of fish/ha/year using refined feeds. At higher fish stocking densities and fish yield, production of metabolites and residues exceeds such a pond's natural recycling capability, so that a higher rate of flushing is required. This wastes water and valuable nutrients and creates a potentially polluting effluent In an alternative system, by increasing the rate at which the metabolites and feed wastes are microbially processed within the culture system, production rates exceeding 500 tons of tilapia fish/ha/year have been attained with less than 0.5 percent water change daily. In preliminary experiments in this closed bioconversion system, we have replaced all formulated feeds with agricultural residues and fertilizers, which are converted into protein by intense microbial processing. The rate of fish growth indicated that much or possibly all the feed requirements of tilapia grown in this type of closed, densely stocked system can be satisfied by intense cultivation of heterotrophic microbes.
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Altynbayeva, G. К., and J. В. Baimukhanova. "The use of substandard grain in the technology of compound feed of increased nutritional value." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 3 (October 3, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-3-10-18.
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The article discusses the complex processing of substandard grain and by-products of processing agricultural raw materials in the technology of obtaining a combined feed with increased nutritional value.A method for processing feed with polysteam lactic acid ferment based on whole-ground soy flour and wastes from processing soybeans in the presence of 0.5% lactose solution is proposed. The optimal modes of feed biofermentationhave been established: pH – 5.2, medium temperature - 25°C. There was an increase in the finished product of reducing substances by 23.3%, crude protein up to 12.8%.The proposed method in the production of compound feed allows you to process substandard wheat grain, obtain a protein mass, dispose of production waste - soybean meal, thus eliminating sources of environmental pollution.
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Alagappan, S., D. Rowland, R. Barwell, S. M. O. Mantilla, D. Mikkelsen, P. James, O. Yarger, and L. C. Hoffman. "Legislative landscape of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as feed." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 8, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2021.0111.
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The demand for animal-based protein sources is increasing rapidly. The rearing of insects on bioproducts and their subsequent use as feedstock for animals has been receiving a lot of attention lately. Hermetia illucens, black soldier flies are highly investigated insects owing to their ability to reduce and transform different types of wastes, such as agricultural, household, municipal wastes, and human sludge. The nutritional composition and amino acid profile of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) raised on these organic wastes is similar to that of several feed constituents making it a suitable material for feed. However, the commercialisation of BSFL is limited due to prevailing unclear legislative requirements regarding their use as feed. In this paper, the legislative landscape involved in using BSFL as feed in different regions is addressed. European Union, Australia, Canada and USA specifically allow the trade and manufacture of BSFL as feed under specific conditions. Interestingly, most countries where entomophagy is a tradition, lack specific regulations concerning their use as feed and are currently drafting regulatory frameworks. Understanding the legislative layout is essential for harmonising the industrial upscaling of BSFL as animal feed.
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Alagappan, S., D. Rowland, R. Barwell, S. M. O. Mantilla, D. Mikkelsen, P. James, O. Yarger, and L. C. Hoffman. "Legislative landscape of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as feed." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 8, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2021.0111.
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The demand for animal-based protein sources is increasing rapidly. The rearing of insects on bioproducts and their subsequent use as feedstock for animals has been receiving a lot of attention lately. Hermetia illucens, black soldier flies are highly investigated insects owing to their ability to reduce and transform different types of wastes, such as agricultural, household, municipal wastes, and human sludge. The nutritional composition and amino acid profile of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) raised on these organic wastes is similar to that of several feed constituents making it a suitable material for feed. However, the commercialisation of BSFL is limited due to prevailing unclear legislative requirements regarding their use as feed. In this paper, the legislative landscape involved in using BSFL as feed in different regions is addressed. European Union, Australia, Canada and USA specifically allow the trade and manufacture of BSFL as feed under specific conditions. Interestingly, most countries where entomophagy is a tradition, lack specific regulations concerning their use as feed and are currently drafting regulatory frameworks. Understanding the legislative layout is essential for harmonising the industrial upscaling of BSFL as animal feed.
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Fatmawati, Akbarningrum, Tuani Lidiawati, Stephen Hadinata, and Mikhael Adiarto. "Solid-State Fermentation of Banana Peels Potential Study for Feed Additive." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501027.
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Agricultural solid wastes present abundantly on earth as crops harvesting as well as processing are countinuesly run. Banana peels are one of agricultural solid wastes produced anywhere the banana processing presents. The peels present abundantly in tropical countries such as Indonesia. The carbohydrate content of banana peels make it useful for the production of many chemicals, including feed. Meanwhile the large need in feed in farming including fish farming could prevent farmer to obtain substantial profit. This research studied the possibility of banana peel as one of abundant Indonesian agricultural solid waste to be utilized as fish feed which is known requiring certain level of protein content. This was done by fermenting the peels in fixed bed reaction mode using surface aeration and non-aeration. The fermentation was conducted using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y1536 and Rhizopus Oryzae FNCC 6157. The reaction time was varied for 1, 3, and 5 days. The important parameters studied were protein contents, and amylase activity of the fermented banana peels. Despite aeration indicated more operational cost, it showed significant impact on the fermentation of banana peels. The best condition for fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y1536 were 5 day fermentation with surface aeration which result in the increase of protein content up to 4.05%, the decrease of fiber content up to 1.08%, and amylase activity of 9.99 DP. Whilst the fermentation using Rhizopus Oryzae FNCC 6157 obtained its best result at 1 day fermentation with aeration, which are protein content increase up to 4.04% and fiber content decrease up to 0.69%. However, the fermentation using this mold showed its best amylase activity result of 12.75 DP at 5 day surface aerated fermentation.
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Ng, C. A., C. W. Chan, V. Andiappan, L. Y. Ng, and D. K. S. Ng. "Development of optimisation model for black soldier fly-based aquaculture feed supply chains in Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1195, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1195/1/012049.
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Abstract Aquaculture is identified as one of the critical food supplies in Malaysia. Due to the increasing demand for aquaculture products, the demand for protein sources for fish feed is also increased accordingly. Black soldier fly larvae is identified as one of the main protein sources that can be used in fish feed. Such larvae can be grown using different types of organic materials, such as food waste, agriculture waste, etc. As Malaysia is the second-largest palm oil producer in the world, therefore, a large number of agricultural wastes, also known as palm-based biomass (e.g., empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fibre, decanter cake, etc.) are generated annually. Based on the current industry practise, palm-based biomass can be converted into value-added products. However, using palm-based biomass as feedback to grow black soldier fly larvae is a relatively recent discovery. Thus, a viable supply chain model has yet to be established. In this work, a mathematical optimisation model is developed via commercial optimisation software (Lingo v. 16) to synthesise an optimum black soldier fly-based aquaculture feed supply chain that utilised palm–based biomass as the feedstock. Based on the optimised result, the annual operating cost of the aquaculture feed supply chain is estimated as RM 5.2 million.
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Setyawan, Andhika Agus, Sukanto Sukanto, and Endang Widyastuti. "POPULASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA YANG DIBERI PAKAN FERMENTASI LIMBAH PERTANIAN DENGAN SUPLEMEN ENCENG GONDOK DAN PROBIOTIK." Scripta Biologica 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.32.
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The aim of this study were to determine the effect of fermented agricultural wastes feeding with supplement of water hyacinth and MEP+ probiotic towards the increasing population of intestinal Lactid Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Tilapia and to know the highest population of lactic acid bacteria after fermented agricultural waste feeding with water hyacinth supplements and MEP+ probiotic. Independent variable in this study was fermented feed with the addition of different water hyacinth and MEP+ probiotics. The experimental study was continued using completely randomized design (CRD). The dependent variable in this study was the number density of Lactobacillus bacteria in the gut of Tilapia. The main parameters measured were the number of LAB. Proponent parameters were namely Tilapia weight gain, physical and chemical conditions of the water. The results showed that feeding fermentative effected in increasing the population of lactic acid bacteria in the gut of Tilapia. Fermentative feed supplement agricultural waste with water hyacinth as much as 10% and MEP+ probiotic was the best treatment with LAB population density in Tilapia intestine with the average of 5.85 x 106 CFU /g.
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Liu, Cuncheng, Cunwen Wang, and Huaiying Yao. "Comprehensive Resource Utilization of Waste Using the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens (L.)) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060349.
Full textAbstract:
The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is a saprophytic insect that can digest organic wastes, such as animal manure, plant residues, and food and agricultural wastes. In the degradation process, organic wastes are converted into protein, grease, and polypeptides, which can be applied in medicine, the refining of chemicals, and the manufacturing of feedstuffs. After their conversion by the H. illucens, organic wastes not only become useful but also environmentally friendly. To date, the H. illucens has been widely used to treat food waste and to render manure harmless. The protein and grease obtained via this insect have been successfully used to produce livestock feed and biodiesel. In this article, the biological characteristics, resource utilization of protein and grease, and environmental functions of the H. illucens are summarized. This article provides a theoretical basis for investigating potential applications of the H. illucens.
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Zhang, Tongdong, Beiyan Du, Yuexu Lin, Min Zhang, and Yueliang Liu. "Production of Biodiesel and High-Protein Feed from Fish Processing Wastes Using In Situ Transesterification." Molecules 25, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071650.
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Preparation of biodiesel using in situ transesterification has been extensively conducted for agricultural, microbial and algal biomass, while few works have been performed using aquatic animal tissue. In this work, fish processing wastes were collected to perform in situ transesterification using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) biomass as a representative with which to optimize the reaction conditions. Under the optimum condition, the highest biodiesel purity reached up to 100% for sea bass wastes, which is higher than the 96.5% specified in the EN 14214-2008. The in situ method proposed here has the potential to save significant costs in biodiesel production compared to conventional methods, which usually require high-cost pretreatment of the raw materials. Additionally, the waste residue byproduct produced has a high protein content, and therefore the potential to be used for high-protein feed. This study is expected to inspire new strategies to prepare biodiesel and high-protein feed simultaneously from aquatic animal biomass using the novel in situ transesterification.
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Sivanesan, Pavethra, Zatul Iffah Mohd Arshad, Jun Haslinda Haji Shariffuddin, Nasratun Masngut, Norazwina Zainol, and Shalyda Md Shaarani. "Factorial Analysis of Xylanase and Cellulase Production from Pineapple Peel Waste." Materials Science Forum 1069 (August 31, 2022): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4ewmy1.
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Pineapple wastes (skin, core and crown) are mainly composed of carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in feed are indigestible by the endogenous enzymes in poultry. Thus, exogenous enzymes (xylanase and cellulase) are required to overcome this problem. Due to high fiber content, pineapple wastes are unsuitable for animal feed. However, the fermented waste juice could be used to produce enzymes. The objective of this study is to produce xylanase and cellulase from the fermentation of pineapple waste using Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) bacteria inoculated from probiotic drink. The fermentation was performed using different screening parameters (incubation time, temperature, pH value and substrate concentration) according to Two-Level Full Factorial Design (FFD) by Design Expert. From this study, the incubation temperature and substrate concentration had the highest influence on the xylanase activity (39.82 U/mL) while the fermentation time and substrate concentration mostly affected the cellulase activity (8.05 U/mL). Meanwhile, the pH had the least influence on both enzyme activities. The pineapple waste at its best fermentation parameters not only offers an economical way of high enzyme production but also alleviates the agricultural waste disposal issue. Further optimization of the pineapple waste fermentation parameters is required though to maximize enzyme production.
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Achilonu, Matthew, Karabo Shale, Georgina Arthur, Kuben Naidoo, and Michael Mbatha. "Phytochemical Benefits of Agroresidues as Alternative Nutritive Dietary Resource for Pig and Poultry Farming." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (December 11, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1035071.
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The growing world population is challenging the animal products supply system, particularly in developing countries, where demand for meat and milk in 2050 is estimated to increase to 109% and 116%, respectively, amidst deteriorating livestock feed sources. Globally, adequate production and availability of animal feed products to subsistence farmers has been declining due to factors such as global warming, growth in population, and low economic growth. This paper seeks to examine the existing scientific literature on the utilization of some unconventional feed resources, to abate the challenge of feed deficit and thus improve animal nutrition. The use of fruit waste and agricultural farm residues affords alternative, nutritive livestock dietary supplements; it has been proven they contain a spectrum of vital bioactive phytochemicals essential for sustainable growth and development of animals. The biochemical composition of the plant wastes and residues include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, while the common bioactive phytochemicals are polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, and flavonoids, along with tannins, terpenes, and saponins, which play vital roles in reducing disease-causing agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and free radical-associated diseases. The phytochemicals exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-parasitic and antiprotozoal properties. However, it is important to guard against antinutritive and toxicity levels in animal feed products. The paper concludes that agroresidues’/wastes’ nutritive and therapeutic potential could serve as alternative livestock feed resource, while also acting as additional job and income generator for communities.
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De Lima, Dominggus, and Costantine Ch E. Latupeirissa. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN TANAMAN PANGAN SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK RUMINANSIA PADA PETERNAK DI KECAMATAN LOLONG GUBA KABUPATEN BURU." Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman 8, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2020.8.2.57-64.
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The purpose of the research was to find out how many kinds of agricultural waste, the percentage of waste utilization by farmers as feed and the farmers knowledge about the processing of agricultural waste. The method used in the research was survey and observation, directly in the location of agricultural crops. The technique used to take the sample was purposive sampling, with which 3 out of 10 villages were taken based on the highest number of farmers and 30 farmers were taken. The result on 3 villages, i.e. Waegeren, Grandeng and Wanakarta showed that generally the farmers used agricultural waste as alternative feed and the distribution of the waste depens on the harvest season. Therefore, it can be concluded that the utilization of agricultural waste was good enough, so that it is not wasted and make a good profit. The utilization of agricultural waste for cattle as feed was 93,3% distribute directly after the harvest without processing.
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Yusriani, Y., S. Y. Hayanti, H. Saputra, N. Qomariyah, F. Fitriawaty, M. A. Da Costa, S. Surya, and S. Asmaireicen. "A study of agricultural waste potential to support the expansion of cattle and buffalo populations in Aceh Barat District." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1001, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1001/1/012002.
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Abstract A constant supply of feed is critical for the sustainability of cattle and buffalo ranching. Therefore, this study aims to collect data on the availability of feed made from agricultural waste to aid in the expansion of cattle and buffalo populations in the West Aceh District. It was conducted in September and October 2021 at Aceh Barat District. The secondary data were collected through the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia and West Aceh. Furthermore, feed potential data from agricultural waste were collected from West Aceh District, cattle, and buffalo population data from the 2011 collection for buffalos, beef, and dairy cattle (PSPK). Also, cattle and buffalo population data were collected from the 2016 Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data collected were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the West Aceh District provides only digested dry weight (BKC) from agricultural waste to meet 74.27% of the livestock population’s total BKC requirements. Additionally, only Woyla and West Woyla Sub-districts meet feed needs from agricultural waste, with 135.12% and 266.42%, respectively, based on livestock populations. Conclusively, the growth of the livestock population will result in a decrease in agricultural waste’s carrying capacity as animal feed.
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Permana, Agus Dana, Nurhadini Fitri Isnaini, Ucu Julita, Ida Kinasih, Din Dzakamala Fafi Rohmatillah, and Ramadhani Eka Putra. "Comparing The Toxicity of Some Formulate Synthetic and Organic Insecticides to Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012014.
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Abstract Agricultural wastes had been considered as one of the major sources of environmental as most of the waste consist of organic wastes which produces a significant amount of greenhouse gases when decompose. Some studies showed the benefit of these wastes as a material for insect farming, such as larva of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens), to produce a protein and lipid-rich biomass for various types of bioindustries. However, other studies showed that most of the organic agricultural wastes originated from local farms, contaminated with insecticides. This condition caused a major concern on the health of the larvae during farming as the information on the effect of insecticide on black soldier fly larvae is considered rare. In this study, we tested the toxicity of some common synthetic and organic insecticides, applied in the local farming system, to black soldier fly larvae. Two types of synthetic insecticides (active ingredient endosulfan and profenofos) and one type of organic insecticide (a microbial insecticide with active ingredient 5-endotoxin) were mixed with commercial chicken feed which used as feeding material for the 10 days-old larvae. A total number of 120 larvae were used in this study and the mortality rate was observed for 72 hours. The result of this study showed LC50 of endosulfan was recorded at 236.25 ppm, profenofos at 380.62 ppm, and 5-endotoxin at more than 7600 ppm. All of this value significantly higher than insecticide residual limit regulation and reports on the level of insecticide residual level of common local agricultural products. Based on this study, it can be concluded that common organic agricultural wastes are applicable to be used as feeding material of black soldier fly larvae directly although further studies are needed regarding the safety of the final product of insect farming.
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Permana, Agus Dana, Nurhadini Fitri Isnaini, Ucu Julita, Ida Kinasih, Din Dzakamala Fafi Rohmatillah, and Ramadhani Eka Putra. "Comparing The Toxicity of Some Formulate Synthetic and Organic Insecticides to Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Agricultural wastes had been considered as one of the major sources of environmental as most of the waste consist of organic wastes which produces a significant amount of greenhouse gases when decompose. Some studies showed the benefit of these wastes as a material for insect farming, such as larva of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens), to produce a protein and lipid-rich biomass for various types of bioindustries. However, other studies showed that most of the organic agricultural wastes originated from local farms, contaminated with insecticides. This condition caused a major concern on the health of the larvae during farming as the information on the effect of insecticide on black soldier fly larvae is considered rare. In this study, we tested the toxicity of some common synthetic and organic insecticides, applied in the local farming system, to black soldier fly larvae. Two types of synthetic insecticides (active ingredient endosulfan and profenofos) and one type of organic insecticide (a microbial insecticide with active ingredient 5-endotoxin) were mixed with commercial chicken feed which used as feeding material for the 10 days-old larvae. A total number of 120 larvae were used in this study and the mortality rate was observed for 72 hours. The result of this study showed LC50 of endosulfan was recorded at 236.25 ppm, profenofos at 380.62 ppm, and 5-endotoxin at more than 7600 ppm. All of this value significantly higher than insecticide residual limit regulation and reports on the level of insecticide residual level of common local agricultural products. Based on this study, it can be concluded that common organic agricultural wastes are applicable to be used as feeding material of black soldier fly larvae directly although further studies are needed regarding the safety of the final product of insect farming.
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Sirmacekic, Esmanur, Atilgan Atilgan, Roman Rolbiecki, Barbara Jagosz, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Osman Gokdogan, Marcin Niemiec, and Joanna Kocięcka. "Possibilities of Using Whey Wastes in Agriculture: Case of Turkey." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249636.
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Liquid wastes are generated during production in the milk and cheese industries. During cheese production, whey emerges as a liquid product. Researchers define waste as raw material instead of waste alone. Hence, there is no doubt that the use and management of waste will gain greater importance in the upcoming years. This study discusses the use of whey, which is food waste, in agriculture and the benefits derived from it in terms of energy value. Our research was based on the current literature and the amount of whey that emerged in the dairy industry. For this purpose, the existing literature was evaluated to determine how much waste was produced from whey. The total amount of whey waste in Turkey for 2021 was determined. Afterwards, the amount of potential energy was determined in evaluating these wastes. Turkey’s total amount of potential energy obtained from whey waste was calculated as 570.11 × 106 MJ, with 158.36 × 106 kWh as potential electrical energy. Moreover, it was calculated that a total of 158.36 × 106 kWh of electrical energy would meet the electrical energy of 688,548 families of four people for a month. It is also stated that this potential energy will be used in the field of equivalent electrical energy content and agriculture. It is a fact that cheese wastewater, rich in nutrients and organic matter, can be used in agriculture. Whey is used as animal feed in agricultural fertilization activities and the livestock sector. It has also been understood from the literature that it can also be used in biogas production. However, it should not be forgotten that whey released into rivers, water sources, or sewers threatens the environment due to its high protein content. Therefore, by increasing the number of similar studies on the subject, a wide range of wastes, such as whey, can be utilized in the most accurate manner. As a result, environmental protection, conservation of water resources, and energy conservation can be ensured by properly benefiting from whey waste. Considering that the world population will increase in the future, it is a fact that we will need a cleaner environment and more energy. It was concluded that greater importance should be given to waste management practices for a cleaner environment and energy saving.
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Sambo, Etonihu, and A. M. Mohammed. "BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM CO-DIGESTION OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i11.2015.2909.
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The fear of depletion of fossil fuels and their attendant ecological effects and the high cost of renewable energy technology in Nigeria has triggered a need to develop alternative sources of energy, among which is biogas production. A slurry of 1 kg mixture of agro-waste feed stocks (plantain peel/rice husk, PP/RH; banana peel/plantain peel, BP/PP; and banana peel/rice husk, BP/RH) in 1:1 ratio was co-digested in locally fabricated digesters (10 L capacity). The experiment was run for 50 days and assessed for proximate content, biogas generation, organic matter, and mineral content in the digested and undi-gested agro-waste materials. The proximate composition showed that while banana peel had the highest moisture (56%), rice husk was highest in the content of ash (64%), crude protein (6.94%), and volatile solids (20%). The weekly cumulative biogas generation increased from 852.6 cm3 for BP/PP sample to 1049.7 cm3 for PP/RH sample for the 7 weeks at the experimental room temperature range of 29 oC to 35 oC. Sample PP/RH generated the highest volume of gas (biogas, methane, and others) compared to BP/RH and BP/PP samples. In each case the volume of gas production decreased in week 7 from 271.4 cm3 to 152.0 cm3 (for biogas), 161.4 cm3 to 97.1 cm3 (for methane), and 110.0 cm3 to 54.9 cm3 (for other gases). The nutritional concentrations of the digested and undigested mixture of the waste samples after Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Flame Photometry showed that the digested samples had higher contents of the nutritional elements than the undigested samples. The mineral elements ranged from 0.554 mg/g in the undigested rice husk to 18.155 mg/g in the digested banana peel samples. Fermentation of agricultural wastes to generate biogas and sludge with agricultural value offers an al-ternative and efficient method of agricultural wastes and energy management in Nigeria.
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Erbland, Patrick, Andrei Alyokhin, and Michael Peterson. "An Automated Incubator for Rearing Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 6 (2021): 1989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14623.
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HighlightsBlack soldier fly larvae can be used to convert agricultural wastes into animal feed.A prototype automated incubation system for producing black soldier fly larvae was designed and tested.The system was successful in growing larvae to a harvestable size.The system retained metabolic heat generated by larval and microbial activity.Abstract. Biological conversion of agricultural wastes into animal feed ingredients using larvae of black soldier fly, (Hermetia illucens) is a promising technology that improves the sustainability of agriculture. We designed and tested a prototype automated incubation system for producing black soldier fly larvae. The system consisted of six 50 L plastic bins enclosed on a ventilated metal rack (178 cm high, 66 cm wide). Water was supplied to maintain a moisture level of about 60% in each bin via soaker hoses connected to sensor-activated solenoid valves. The system was successful in maintaining moisture and temperature suitable for larval development and for growing larvae to harvestable size with minimal labor and energy consumption. Biological activity in the bins generated a considerable amount of metabolic heat, most of which was trapped in the substrate in each bin. This heat may be valuable for rearing black soldier fly larvae in areas with cool climates because this species has low tolerance of cold temperatures but challenging in areas with warm climates. Keywords: Biological conversion, Black soldier fly, Metabolic heat generation, Waste management.
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OTUBUSIN, S. O. "THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES AS SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDS ON TILAPIA FINGERLINGS PRODUCTION IN FLOATING NET-HAPAS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i1.2072.
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Fry of tilipia (Oreochromis niloticus (average initial weight, 0.04g) were stocked at a density of 100/m3 in floating net-hapas and fed differfent combinations of agro-industrial wastes under the following treatments: I, Corn bran only; II, Corn bran + Rice bran (1:1) and III, Corn bran + Rice bran + Brewer's waste (1:1:1). Each treatment was replicated twice, using completely randomised design. The combiation of corn bra and rice bran (1:1) gave the best average final weight/fish, (1.260g); best average daily weight gain, (0.029g/day); best feed conversion ratio (FCR) 4.38; and specific growth rate (SGR), 3.59%/day.
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Lee, Kyu-Shik, Eun-Young Yun, and Tae-Won Goo. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted Hermetia illucens Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060680.
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Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) larvae (HIL) are considered useful industrial insects for the production of feed for livestock, eco-friendly fertilizer from organic wastes, and biodiesel. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity in the extract of crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production. The result showed that antimicrobial activity was not fully induced in HIL fed L. casei-containing feed. In contrast, increased antimicrobial activity was observed in defatted HIL extract prepared from crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder. We found that the extract effectively inhibited the growth of pathogens and antimicrobial-peptide-resistant bacteria, such as three kinds of Salmonella species, and Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas tolaasii, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200–1000 µg/100 µL. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity to CaCO-2 human intestinal cells was observed in the extract. We also found that the production fee of extract equivalent to the antimicrobial activity of melittin was approximately 25-fold less than the production fee of melittin. Therefore, the results demonstrate that crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production should be used as the feedstock for synthetic, preservative-free livestock feed and food additives. Taken together, the present study supports the usefulness of HIL as an eco-friendly feedstock in the biodiesel, agricultural, food, and feed industries.
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Prabowo, Crisna Mulya, and Mohammad Syaiful Pradana. "PENERAPAN SISTEM PERTANIAN TERPADU UNTUK MENSEJAHTERAKAN PETANI DESA." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat : BAKTI KITA 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/baktikita.v3i2.3540.
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The integrated agricultural system is one form of a sustainable agricultural system. This system is a combination of agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and other sciences which are still related to agriculture in a land. By combining these several fields, it is expected to be able to increase land productivity, agricultural development programs and environmental conversion as well as efforts to improve the welfare of rural farmers. In the context of utilizing livestock waste as agricultural fertilizer, and agricultural waste as animal feed. This activity will lead to mutual benefits for each other, on the one hand the livestock is able to produce fertilizer needs and agriculture provides animal feed. This is able to add additional value to business actors so as to reduce the number of losses for each other. This activity begins with socialization to the community, then field practice and mentoring.
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Tufail, Tabussam, Huma Bader Ul Ain, Farhan Saeed, Makia Nasir, Shahnai Basharat, Mahwish, Alexandru Vasile Rusu, et al. "A Retrospective on the Innovative Sustainable Valorization of Cereal Bran in the Context of Circular Bioeconomy Innovations." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114597.
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Handling industrial agricultural wastes is a requirement for industrial waste management in the context of circular bioeconomy innovations. The recovery and re-use of agricultural wastes and their by-products have become an important topic of research and development to investigate their functional and nutraceutical properties. The bioeconomy provides an opportunity to create innovative bio-based products and processes, thereby opening up new markets. Agricultural waste contains a high concentration of protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, and other functional compounds such as antioxidants, which can be used to add value to a variety of food products. Due to its higher nutritional profile, cereal bran, as an agricultural waste and by-product, has a variety of functional and nutraceutical properties. Despite the fact that it is rich in bioactive compounds with health benefits, cereal bran is still underutilized in the food system. It can be used either directly for the processing of various foods or the extraction of various bioactive components present therein. Furthermore, the extracts from cereal bran have been used to obtain antioxidants, antibiotics, vitamins, and enzymes as functional components to be employed in agri-food and animal feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Therefore, this review aims to promote cereal bran waste and by-products, highlighting how to use them as functional ingredients with health-promoting properties and desirable technological aspects. Currently, there are few data on the nutritional exploration of these by-products as health-promoting agri-food products. Cereal bran is a nutritious natural agricultural by-product, but its potential application in the food industry is still limited due to a lack of literature focused on its quality attributes, which may become useful for informal explanation and evaluation during food product formulation. With the growing demand for fiber-rich foods, cereal bran valorization can generate revenue for milling industries.
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Abdelfattah, Eman Alaaeldin, Dyaa Bassiony, Abdallah Nagah, Mohamed A. Fawzy, Mohammed Y. Hussein, Habiba Mohamed Ibrahim, Nada Y. Ibrahim, et al. "Toxicity Effect of Cu2+ Contaminated Kitchen and Vegetable Wastes on Oxidative Stress Response of Black Soldier Fly Larvae, Hermetia Illucens." Journal of Biotechnology Research, no. 81 (March 4, 2022): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jbr.81.7.25.
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Environmental pollution sources including waste or metal accumulation, industrial and agricultural activities can be dangerous. Also, contaminated organic waste (COW) with metals especially, copper ions (Cu2+), can cause toxicity to various ecosystem components, enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently cause oxidative stress. The biochemical effect of the COW was monitored by assessing the oxidative stress parameters (OSP) using hydrogen peroxides (H2O2), protein carbonyls (PC), lipid peroxides (LP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant ability (TAA); β-esterase (β-EST); and total amount of protein (TAP) levels on the organic waste (kitchen and vegetable wastes); Hermetia illucens larvae; and larval excreta collected from 7-day post-treated kitchen and vegetables wastes with (1:10; g:mL) distilled water (DW) or 100 mg/mL Cu2+. The OSP levels were significantly higher in the experimental samples from Cu2+ groups than in the control one. Besides that, the OSP levels of H. illucens larvae feed on vegetable waste was significantly higher than those feed on kitchen waste except for β-EST, PC, and TPA. The best, cheap and easy parameters of antioxidants to ensure the entomoremediation ability are total antioxidant capacity. Possible impacts of accumulated and Cu2+ contaminated organic waste on H. illucens larvae were discussed. Also, the ability of insects to produce more antioxidants than input or output sources was approved. The potential use of the OSP as a bioindicator method of the bioremediation ability of H. illucens was proposed.
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Akiode, Saheed, Adewale Fadeyi, and Olajide Falayi. "Nutritional, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant analysis of Selected Agricultural Wastes as Potential Livestock Feed Ingredients." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 26, no. 2 (2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njbas.296312.
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Akiode, S. O., A. E. Fadeyi, O. E. Falayi, S. A. Emmanuel, and P. C. Onyenekwe. "Nutrients, phytochemical composition and antioxidant analysis of selected agricultural wastes as potential livestock feed ingredients." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 26, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v26i2.6.
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Akter, F., and MA Haque. "Jackfruit Waste: A Promising Source of Food and Feed." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 23, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v23i1.51477.
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All the food sources comprise edible and non-edible waste portions. With increasing demand for food and feed the current agriculture is focusing on agro-processing to utilize the maximum portion of the plant or animal resources. This review paper aims at summarizing the present status of utilization of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam, Moraceae) wastes in food, feed, and other industry. Apart from the non-edible portion like peel and axis, the edible by-products like seeds of jackfruit mostly remain underutilized worldwide including Bangladesh. This article has reviewed the works devoted to utilize different waste portions of jackfruit other than the juicy edible bulbs. There are many works which suggested that the thick peel of jackfruit can be utilized in nutrient enriched cattle feeds, extraction of bio-fuel, nano-porous adsorbent for removing dye etc. The peel and central axis of this fruit also had investigated for extraction of pectin. The seeds of jackfruit were attempted by many researches to be used in various bakery products. The starch and protein fractions were isolated from jackfruit seeds flour to make them use at a purified state in the food formulations.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(1) : 91-102
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Blagov, D., S. Mitrofanov, N. Panfyorov, V. Teterin, and E. Pestryakov. "Press granulators, technical features, influence of granulation on qualitative characteristics of feed." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2009-06.
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An important task for any farming enterprise producing animal products is to provide feed with high nutritional value for the animals. At the same time in addition to growing and preserving feed of their own production, farms purchase, including food processing products: brewing waste, beetroot pulp, brewer’s grains, etc. These wastes are usually delivered in liquid form and have a low nutritional value and shelf life, as well as a high specific cost of transportation. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of granulation technology. The main types of press granulators, their design features and operating principles, as well as the materials of scientific researches aimed at studying the properties of granulated feed have been described in the article. Thus, according to the materials studied, the use of press granulators in the process of processing food waste allows to achieve an increase in their nutritional value and shelf life of feed. Analysis of the use of granulated feed in the diet of animals has shown their better digestibility compared to feed presented in crumbled form, which contributed to an increase in productivity in animals. Thus, we can conclude that the use of press granulators in the process of feed preparation of various designs is a promising direction of production. At the same time, the choice of the granulator should be based on its technical features and performance. So, for a small agricultural enterprise, fl at-matrix granulators with a capacity of up to 1000 kg/h are suitable.
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Baba, Syahdar, Ilham Syarif, and Sitti Sohrah. "Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi pemanfaatan limbah pertanian sebagai pakan pada peternak sapi perah di Kabupaten Enrekang." Livestock and Animal Research 19, no. 2 (July 24, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/lar.v19i2.46815.
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<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aim was to determine the factors that influence the adoption of agricultural waste utilization as dairy feed among farmers in Enrekang Regency.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was conducted from July to September 2019 in Cendana and Anggeraja Districts, which are the centers for dairy cows in Enrekang district. The number of farmers in these two sub-districts were 261 people or 72% of the total population of dairy farmers in Enrekang district. The number of respondents were 77 who were selected using the simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out by trained enumerators using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the F test to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable (adoption of agricultural waste utilization) and the t test for the partial test of each independent variable. The mathematical model used was a logistic regression model because the variable adoption of agricultural waste utilization was a dichotomous variable.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>The results showed that the most common types of agricultural waste used as feed in the dry season were sweet potato leaves and rejected sweet potatoes (50.6%), while in the rainy season it was sweet corn straw (30.6%). The method of utilizing agricultutral waste as feed was: directly given to dairy cattle (53%), withered first (25%), fermented (11%) and mixed with concentrate (11%). Factors that influence the adoption of agricultural waste as feed were the number of lactating dairy cattle (X1), contact with extension workers (X4) and the age of farmers (X5). Meanwhile, the cosmopolite variables (X2), formal education (X3), length of farming (X6) and number of families (X7) did not affect the adoption of agricultural was as feed.<strong></strong></p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To increase the adoption of agricultural waste as feed, the intensity of extension needs to be increased, especially for older breeders with 1 - 3 heads of lactating cattle.
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Kim, Chul-Hwan, Kwanyoung Ko, Jongkeun Lee, and Haegeun Chung. "Screening of Effective Media for Black Soldier Fly Larvae Used in Food Waste Treatment." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.10.463.
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Objectives : Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are organisms that effectively decompose various types of organic waste including food waste, and food waste treatment using BSFL is attracting attention as a sustainable waste treatment method. However, food waste discharged from Korea has a wide variety of properties, and its high salt concentration limits its treatment by BSFL. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of food waste treatment using BSFL, it is necessary to increase the quality of food waste as a production medium for BSFL. In this study, the ratio of protein and fat was adjusted by adding bean sprouts and wheat brans to food wastes treated at high temperature under vacuum, and whether such medium is suitable for rearing BSFL was investigated.Methods : To improve the medium, the ratio of protein and fat was adjusted to approximately 2:1 by adding bean sprouts and bran residue to food waste. Subsequently, the growth and development rate of BSFL reared on chicken feed, food waste, food waste + bean sprouts, food waste + wheat bran were measured. Also, the decomposition rate of each medium was analyzed.Results and Discussion : The growth rate of BSFL grown on food waste + wheat bran medium was similar to that of BSFL reared on chicken feed. The speed of development at day 7 was also the fastest for BSFL reared with food waste + wheat bran medium and chicken feed. These results suggest that the mixed medium to which wheat bran has been added to food waste has the potential to be used as a commercial medium for BSFL production. The survival rate of BSFL was 89% or higher in all media.Conclusions : When food waste was used alone, BSFL development was poor compared to that in media combined with agricultural by-products such as bean sprouts and wheat bran. Therefore, to use food waste as a rearing medium of BSFL, it is necessary to adjust the ratio of protein and fat by adding various agricultural by-products and reduce salinity. For the improvement of food waste treatment technology using BSFL, mass rearing of useful insects such as BSFL, and promotion of the use of agricultural by-products, additional research is needed to optimize the composition of rearing medium based on food waste.
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Lee, Kyu-Shik, Eun-Young Yun, and Tae-Won Goo. "Optimization of Feed Components to Improve Hermetia illucens Growth and Development of Oil Extractor to Produce Biodiesel." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 2573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092573.
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HIL are useful in agriculture because they can be used as feed for livestock or fertilizer and can bioconvert organic wastes, such as food waste and human and animal manure to usable fertilizer. In addition, HIL are being studied as a source of biodiesel because of their high-fat content. However, their use for biodiesel production has not been fully adopted. Here, the results showed that survival, weight gains, and total dried weight were significantly enhanced when HIL were fed dried-food waste (DFW)/chicken manure (CM). Furthermore, increased weight gain was observed in HIL fed DFW containing 5 mL waste cooking oil (WCO) per 100 g and 1.2% (v/w) fermented effective microorganism (F-EM). Based on these results, we prepared experimental feeds containing DFW, CM, WCO, and F-EM to establish an optimal feed for biodiesel production. We found that FT-1-2, a feed prepared with 60 g DFW, 40 g CM, 2 mL WCO, and 0.8% F-EM (v/w), significantly enhanced fat content, weight gain, and total dried weight of HIL. Our results indicate FT-1-2 is a suitable feed to breed HIL for biodiesel production. We then developed an automatic oil extractor for biodiesel production. The yield of the oil extractor was higher than that of solvent extraction. The study shows FT-1-2 is an optimal HIL feed for biodiesel production and that the developed oil extractor is useful for the extraction of crude oil from HIL and for the harvesting of defatted HIL frass for livestock feed and fertilizer. Taken together, we established an optimized low-cost feed for HIL breeding and developed an automatic oil extractor for the production of biodiesel from HIL.