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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural workers’ strikes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hudson-Richards, Julia. "Ships, Bread, and Work: Agrarian Conflict in the Mediterranean Countryside, 1914–1923." International Labor and Working-Class History 94 (2018): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547918000078.

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AbstractThis article examines the collapse of the citrus industry in València, Spain during the last years of World War I. In it, I argue that the strikes represent a key moment in the proletarianization of the region's agricultural working classes. By 1914, citrus had become one of Spain's most profitable exports, and prior to the 1917 crash, the landed and monied interests in control of the industry had enforced the notion of inter-class cooperation, which broke down under the economic stress of the War. In the wake of the collapse and the strikes that followed, workers began to organize in

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2

Pawel, Miriam. "A Self-Inflicted Wound: Cesar Chávez and the Paradox of the United Farm Workers." International Labor and Working-Class History 83 (2013): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547913000033.

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In the late 1970s, the future of organized labor in the fields of California had never looked brighter. A decade of boycotts, strikes, and marches had generated public and political pressure that culminated in the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act—“the best labor law in the country,” the United Farm Workers’ chief negotiator triumphantly proclaimed in June 1975. Soon thereafter, the Teamsters agreed to withdraw and cede organizing in the fields to Cesar Chávez's union, ending a costly and violent rivalry.

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Marquardt, Steve. "Pesticides, Parakeets, and Unions in the Costa Rican Banana Industry, 1938–1962." Latin American Research Review 37, no. 2 (2002): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100019506.

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AbstractThis article explores one of the earliest large-scale uses of biocidal agro-chemicals in Latin America, the United Fruit Company's hand-spraying of its banana plantations to control sigitoka disease from 1938 to 1962. After discussing the environmental context of sigatoka and the early development and implications of the spray technology, the essay focuses on the thousands of workers who applied the chemicals. Using Costa Rica as a case study, it explores workers' sense of the personal costs of their work as well as their ambiguous relationship to the larger banana workers' union movem

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Jones, H. S. "Civil Rights for Civil Servants? The Ligue Des Droits De L'Homme and the Problem of Trade Unionism in the French Public Services, c. 1905–1914." Historical Journal 31, no. 4 (1988): 899–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00015569.

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The law of 21 March 1884, which legalized the formation of syndicats for the defence of ‘economic, industrial, commercial and agricultural interests’, was not intended to apply to civil servants. They were not thought to have such interests. There was, it is true, some dispute as to which categories of public employees were covered by this legal prohibition, and the Chamber of Deputies maintained in 1894 that the law applied to workers in industrial enterprises run by the state. But governments steadfastly refused to allow postal officials or schoolteachers, for instance, the right to form syn

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T, Balasubramanian. "Labours Troubles and Congress Party in Tamil Nadu (1900- 1947)." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, no. 3 (2019): 44–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2550013.

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In tamil nadu which was predominantly agricultural, the maximization of agricultural productivity and output was an essential condition of economic growth and improvement of the masses. the system under which the cultivator worked was of key importance in determining the agricultural growth. The cost of living index, which started increasing during the world war, continued its upward trend even after the war.  wages and dearness allowances were not proportionately increased to completely neutralize the price rise. it caused much finance by labor the establishment of  war industries g

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Cuevas Valenzuela, Hernán, Jorge Budrovich Sáez, and Claudia Cerda Becker. "Neoliberal Economic, Social, and Spatial Restructuring: Valparaíso and Its Agricultural Hinterland." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (2021): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4242.

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The analysis of the neoliberal restructuring of Chilean port cities and their hinterland suggests there was a functional coupling of neoliberalisation, precarisation, reterritorialisation, extraction, and logistics. To address this process properly, we expanded the boundaries of our analytical scale to include not only the port city, but also its hinterland, and be able to examine the flow of commodities and labour. The analysis demonstrated that the effects of neoliberal restructuring of Valparaíso and its hinterland has had interconnected ambivalent effects. Although social and economic rest

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7

Saayman, Lehanri, and Sanlie L. Middelberg. "The Effect Of Higher Wages On Production Cost And Mechanization: A South African Maize Sector Study." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 2 (2014): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i2.8402.

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The South African labor market was recently characterized by violent and hostile labor strikes by workers demanding exorbitant wage increases. These demands and violent protests overflowed to the agricultural sector, followed by an announcement of a 51% increase in the agricultural minimum wage. Labor costs form an integral part of a producers production costs and labor increases will therefore directly affect the profitability of producers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect higher wages have on the South African maize sector. Furthermore, to determine whether there is a r

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8

ROBLES-ORTIZ, CLAUDIO. "Agrarian Capitalism and Rural Labour: The Hacienda System in Central Chile, 1870–1920." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 3 (2009): 493–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x09990162.

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AbstractUsing a variety of new sources directly pertaining to different types of rural estate, and contrary to interpretations of rural Chile as a traditional society unaffected by economic modernisation, this article analyses the transition of the hacienda system in central Chile towards agrarian capitalism during the period of export-led growth from the 1860s to 1930. It argues that the expansion of the ‘landowner enterprise’, along with developments in mechanisation and irrigation, resulted in the marginalisation of the precarious ‘peasant enterprises’ operated by tenants and the gradual pr

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9

Mukunda, Madhab Gogoi. "Financial Health of Food Processing Industry in Tinsukia District of Assam." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 6 (2017): 647–52. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd3578.

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Food processing industry transforms raw food stuff or semi finished food into a convenient form for the use of end users. This industry is linked with the activities of agriculture, horticulture, plantation, dairy, animal husbandry and fisheries. Development of food processing industry minimises wastage of agricultural raw materials, increases the value of agricultural products and ensures better prices to farmers as well as affordable prices to consumers. The researcher has made an attempt to access financial analysis of the food processing industry of the district. The financial analysis of

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10

Laimayum, Ashutosh Sharma, and Amit Kumar Chauhan Dr. "Impact of the current crisis on agriculture growth and sustainability in Manipur." International Journal of Advance Research in Multidisciplinary 1, no. 1 (2023): 503–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13118519.

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Manipur in India is endowed with rich biodiversity and abundant natural resources. Despite inaccessibility, marginality and heterogeneity, the state has made good progress in agriculture and allied sectors. About 80% of the state population depends on agriculture for livelihood. However, agriculture sector in Manipur is facing the consequences of climate change. Climate change is a reality and an increasing trend in temperature, precipitation and emission of greenhouse gases has been observed in Manipur. The state is also projected to experience more of extreme rainfall and reduction in crop y

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11

Tierney, Robert. "The 1913–14 Dryland Agriculture Strike in New South Wales." Labour History 128 (May 12, 2025): 131–66. https://doi.org/10.3828/labourhistory.2025.23.

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Unlike the USA States and Great Britain, studies of class struggle between landholders and farm labourers in Australian dryland agriculture, throughout colonial and post-colonial times, are almost absent. This article attempts to fill part of the vacuum. It analyses an important, though hardly known strike in New South Wales in 1913–14. It was initiated by farm labourers in wheat fields, by chaff workers in fodder paddocks, and by cart owners and wheat-chaff lumpers. The dispute eventually spread onto railways and wharves. This article examines wheat and chaff production’s labour processes, wh

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Nadirov, Rashid A. "Food crisis in Vienna in recent years World War I 1916–1918." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 193 (2021): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-193-246-253.

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The food crisis in Vienna in 1916–1918, the capital of Austria-Hungary in the last years of the First World War, is considered. It was at the final stage of the First World War that one of the most acute problems that arose in every belligerent country – food. It became impossible to ignore the deficit, which both the imperial and the city authorities tried to do in the first two years of the Great War. The scarcity of the most essential food was highlighted by such veils as endless queues in city markets, the growth of crime and child theft. By 1917, the food crisis in Vienna entered an acute

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Karakaš Obradov, Marica. "On Nutrition, Supply, Harvest and Purchase of Food in the Second World War." Review of Croatian history 17, no. 1 (2021): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v17i1.19691.

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Due to the production of food and cattle fattening, the Slavonian and Srijem peasants were in the centre of interest of both the state authorities and the partisan movement during the Second World War. Both sides were very preoccupied with finding a way to win them over or force them to give the surplus to one or the other. Unwillingness to cooperate with the state authorities and partisans put the peasant’s both life and property in danger. Sowing, harvesting and other agricultural work were often only possible with an armed escort. The wheat harvests in the Slavonian and Srijem fields in 194

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14

Ivanytska, Bozhena. "SOCIO-POLITICAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS IN WESTERN UKRAINE." Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University: journalism 1, no. 2 (2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sjs2021.02.011.

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In the second half of the XIX century Western Ukrainian lands suitable for agricultural development could not provide their inhabitants with adequate well-being. Moreover, famine often prevailed in the region, and poverty raged. Ukrainians, who made up the majority of the rural population of the region, were particularly affected: almost 80% [7, p. 4]. Government statistics at the time tried to prove that all conditions were created for Western Ukrainian peasants to ensure their well-being. At the same time, for example, the following figures were used: peasants owned 62.2% of the land area, w

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15

Shemeta, Yu. "NEWSPAPERS OF UKRAINIAN SSR OF THE 1950’S – 1960’S ON THE UKRAINIAN RE-EMIGRATION (THROUGH THE PRISM OF BIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 143 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.143.10.

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A peculiar phenomenon of post-war life in the Ukrainian SSR was the return of Ukrainian emigrants. Some of them were hoping to improve the economic situation, in particular, to obtain stable earnings and housing. The other part showed active pro-Soviet position. There were analyzed newspapers articles in the of the USSR 1950’s and 1960’s. This was the period of the most intensive movement of the return. The author analyzes the origin, age, social status, political preferences and activity of the re-emigrants from the point of view of the biographical component. It is established that it was re

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Holmes, Heather. "Organising the Irish Migratory Potato Workers: The Efforts in the Early Twentieth Century." Rural History 11, no. 2 (2000): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002107.

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In the writing on institutional organisation and collective strike action among agricultural workers in Lowland Scotland during the early twentieth century until the outbreak of the Second World War, Richard Anthony has provided an extensive discussion on farm servants.2 However, in general, little attention has been given to casually employed workers. One such group, known as the Achill workers or the Irish ‘tattie howkers’, employed to harvest the potato crop in south-western and central Scotland, attempted to organise themselves and pursued collective strike action on a number of occasions.

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17

Anfertiev, Ivan A. "On Reauthorization of Members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B) during Transition from the Policy of "War Communism" to the New Economic Policy in the First Half of the 1920s." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2023): 1096–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-4-1096-1110.

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The article analyzes relationship that developed in the first half of the 1920s between two elected central party structures, the Central Control Commission and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B), during acute socio-political crisis in Soviet Russia. The country was engulfed by peasant uprisings and workers' strikes; struggle of groups within the ruling RCP (B) escalated. The leaders of the ruling party saw crisis recovery in rejection of the “war communism” policy and transition to the New Economic Policy. Special attention is paid to the fact that it was G. I. Zinov

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18

Daria, James. "Fairwashing and Union Busting: The Privatization of Labor Standards in Mexico’s Agro-export Industry." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 38, no. 3 (2022): 379–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2022.38.3.379.

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While Mexico’s agricultural exports have rapidly expanded over the past two decades, a strike by farmworkers in San Quintín, Baja California, in 2015 drew attention to the labor problems and workers’ demands in the industry. In response, foreign agribusiness corporations implemented private labor standards through fair-trade labels to address these problems in their global produce supply chains. Based on ethnographic research, I argue that these private standards fail to improve farmworkers’ labor conditions and instead serve to “fairwash” fresh produce and to prevent union organizing even whe

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19

Mabaso, Fanelesibonge. "Dismissing the blanket approach of interdicting strike brutality: A discussion of Commercial Stevedoring Agricultural and Allied Workers' Union and Others v Oak Valley Estates (Pty) Ltd and Another [2022] ZACC 7." De Jure 57, no. 1 (2024): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2024/v57a7.

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This matter concerns an attempt by the employer to interdict unidentified workers in the cause of a strike that turned violent and resulted in damage to the property of the employer. The issue before the Constitutional Court was, can an employer facing unlawful conduct committed during a protected strike interdict employees participating in that strike without linking each employee to the unlawful conduct? This note will do as Theron J did in starting the judgment by discussing the facts of the case, going into detail about what the Labour Court and the Labour Appeal Court found. The note will

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20

Onuoha, Onyekachi Chibueze. "Comparative Study of the Agro-Innovation Adoption among Members and Non-Members of Agricultural Cooperatives in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. X (2023): 1263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.701098.

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This study compares the level of awareness and adoption of innovative agricultural technologies among members and non-members of cooperative societies. This is to direct policies on the diffusion and adoption of agricultural technologies to facilitate increased food production as Nigeria’s economy strives for post-COVID-19 survival and recovery. A multistage technique was used to select a sample of 320 constituting 160 cooperative members and 160 non-cooperative members. Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data, which was then analysed using both descriptive (Mean, standard

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21

Lewthwaite, Stephanie. "Race, Paternalism, and “California Pastoral”: Rural Rehabilitation and Mexican Labor in Greater Los Angeles." Agricultural History 81, no. 1 (2007): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-81.1.1.

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Abstract In Southern California, regional and national myths of agrarian life as pastoral became entwined with paternalistic policy and racialized visions of the Mexican laborer. Re-worked in the context of the New Deal and increasing strike activity across California after 1928, these rural myths and policies shaped plans for the resettlement of Mexican-American workers in self-sustaining villages within Los Angeles County. Under the direction of government officials, reformers, and employers, these plans articulated diverse ideologies and agendas: the New Dealer’s commitment to reform and re

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22

Laimayum, Ashutosh Sharma, and Amit Kumar Chauhan Dr. "Present scenario of agriculture in Manipur: Existing problems and opportunities." International Journal of Trends in Emerging Research and Development 2, no. 2 (2024): 171–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13118374.

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This study aims to investigate the issues surrounding agricultural growth in Manipur through the use of specific criteria, such as worker distribution, area under cultivation, crop yield, land usage, land holdings, etc. It also makes an effort to deal with the long-term problems related to Manipur's agriculture. According to the study, Manipur's traditional agriculture can be transformed into a modern one by implementing science-based technology, creating an effective pricing system within the industry, offering financial incentives, giving agriculture priority, lowering the frequency of gener

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23

Taylor, Crystal, and Qinghong Wei. "Storytelling and Arts to Facilitate Community Capacity Building for Urban Planning and Social Work." Societies 10, no. 3 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10030064.

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Creating social connections and fostering engagement in communities is a growing challenge for community work. Planners, social workers, and community activists are starting to look towards the arts and storytelling as a way to promote community capacity. A community in Lopez Island, Washington, facing sustainable housing and agricultural issues brought in a two-day storytelling and theatre program to build capacity for their ecosocial work. This research describes facilitator engagement methodology and pilots a community capacity survey to evaluate the experience of workshop participants. Pre

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Osovin, M., and M. Kadomceva. "Research of the Influence of Digitalization on the Growth of Labor Productivity in the Agricultural Complex: Russian and International Experience." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 3 (2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-38-45.

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As a part of the study, an analysis of Russian and international experience in the transfer of digital technologies to agriculture was carried out. It allowed the authors to generalize the prerequisites for the transition of the industry to digital form, highlight the problems that impede its transformation, and formulate the basic requirements for the digital environment. It is shown that the process of introducing digital technologies into agriculture should not be limited only to technological re-equipment of the production sphere. It is necessary to strike a balance between the constantly

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25

Soroka, Iurii, and Nataliia Kolomiiets. "Violent Collectivization in the Western Regions of Ukrainian SSR in the Post-war Period." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 69 (2023): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.69.14.

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The article reveals the violent nature of the so-called «socialist transformations» carried out by the Soviet totalitarian system, which were the most clearly manifested in the nationalization of agriculture in the production region. Over the centuries, a single-person farm type of management developed in the western Ukrainian region, and the peasant cherished private ownership of land as the highest value. The purpose of the forced collectivization of the western Ukrainian countryside was to strike a blow at the wealthy and middle-class economy, to socialize them and thereby undermine the bas

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Ruda, T.V., and M.M. Korshun. "Hygienic assessment of professional combined risk in case of modern multicomponent pesticides usage on maize and sunflower crops." Medicni perspektivi 23, no. 3 (2018): 98–103. https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2018.3.147964.

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The results of the risk assessment of combined hazard effects of diflufenzopyr, dicamba, nicosulfuron (herbicide Kelvin Plus) and azoxystrobin, difenoconazole (fungicide Amistar Gold 250 SC) on workers involved in working with them are presented. The field study on maize and sunflower crops, in which Kelvin Plus and Amistar Gold were used at maximum flow rates of 0,4 kg/ha and 1,0 l/ha, respectively was performed. During ground handling, the working solution consumption was 300 l/ha, while during aviation – 50 l/ha. Air samples of the working area, washings from the s

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27

Kaufman, Eleanor. "The Inexistence of the Western Jewish Archive." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 2 (2012): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.2.375.

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Many scholars have recently attempted to think critically about the archive, to conceive of it not simply as a neutral repository of information but also as governed by often indiscernible laws and intricate relations of desire and power. Certainly the scholarly products of detailed archival research are themselves the result of complicated archival negotiations, sortings, and withholdings. I wish to focus here on what I will call archival withholding—the attempt to disrupt the transmission function of the archive—in the context of the Western American Jewish archives that I work on; I will le

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Korobkov, I. D. "Socio-economic adaptation of workers of the mining Urals in the late XIXth – early XXth centuries." Belgorod State University Scientific bulletin. Series: History. Political science 46, no. 4 (2019): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2075-4458-2019-46-4-713-723.

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The instability of the social and economic development of post-Soviet Russia and the serious social costs of the reform course of its leadership have put forward among the priorities of Russian sociology the study of adaptation of various social groups to these reforms. Taking into account the duration of the formation of adaptation practices and their consolidation in the mass consciousness at the level of behavioral codes, this problem requires consideration on the historical material of Soviet and pre-Soviet Russia. This circumstance, as well as the lack of study of these subjects on the ex

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Domoroslyi, Valentyn. "MAKSYM KOVALEVSKYI AND ONE’S ACTIVITY IN UKRAINIAN DUMA COMMUNITY OF THE FIRST STATE DUME OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (1906)." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 45 (2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2022.45.6.

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The article considers issues, connected with the activity of Maksym Kovalevskyi as a member of the First State Duma of the Russian Empire in 1906. One’s activity in the First Russian parliament and in Ukrainian duma community in conditions of Russian autocracy is analyzed. The aim of this article is to conduct analysis of the activity of Maksym Kovalevskyi as a member of the First State duma and a member of Ukrainian duma community. The object of research is a personality of Maksym Kovalevskyi. The subject matter of research is its activity in the duma. Source basis for the research are the do

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Ibeme, Patricia, Julius Abimboye, Chinenye Atuegbu, Chinedu Ibeme, and Arinze Ibeme. "Effects of Sustainable Development Goals on Poverty Reduction, Water and Sanitation in Nigeria during the Pandemic Era." NIU Journal of Humanities 8, no. 4 (2023): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58709/niujhu.v8i4.1726.

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This paper examines the profound effect of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on poverty reduction, water and sanitation in the context of the pandemic era in Nigeria. As high-profile academia and bureaucrats seek to navigate the intricate landscape of development policy and practice, understanding the interplay between the SDGs, pandemic challenges, and Nigeria's socio-economic fabric becomes paramount. The study adopted documentary research design method through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical analysis. Findings from the study show that, good strides have been m

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Motreff, Yvon, Philippe Pirard, Sarah Goria, et al. "Increase in Psychotropic Drug Deliveries after the Xynthia Storm, France, 2010." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 5 (2013): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13008662.

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AbstractIntroductionDuring the night of February 27 and the early morning of February 28, 2010, 15 coastal municipalities situated in two French departments, Vendée and Charente-Maritime, were violently stricken by a severe windstorm named “Xynthia.” This storm caused the death of 12 individuals in Charente-Maritime and 29 people in Vendée. Houses, agricultural fields, and shellfish companies were severely flooded with seawater. Several thousand people temporarily had to leave their homes. The objective of this study was to estimate the short-term mental health impact of Xynthia, in terms of p

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Mlungisi Tenza. "THE LINK BETWEEN REPLACEMENT LABOUR AND ERUPTION OF VIOLENCE DURING INDUSTRIAL ACTION." Obiter 37, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v37i1.11566.

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The use of replacement workers during strikes has been a cause for concern in recent years. Since industrial action often becomes violent, the question that arises is whether the use of replacement labour can be one of the factors that contributes to the eruption of such violence. This article investigates whether there is a link between the use of replacement labour and the eruption of violence during a strike. In doing this, the author refers to certain instances where such use has resulted in friction between striking employees and replacement workers. Strikers believe that the use of such

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Yıldız Aybak, Sebile, and Büşra Bigat Akça. "The First Strike Attempts in Republican History: The 1925 Telegraphers’ Strike." Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR], June 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1459713.

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In the 19th century, with industrialization in the West, the modern concepts of labor and workers began to emerge. In fact, in many countries of the world, there had been some revolts and resistances in working life in earlier periods. However, the strikes carried out by workers to protect their rights in today's sense were the product of the industrialization that started in England. In the Ottoman Empire, the paid working class began to emerge in the second half of the 19th century, when the state's industrialization efforts intensified in the light of developments in the West. In this perio

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Monray Marsellus Botha. "REVISITING AN OLD FRIEND: WHAT CONSTITUTES “A MATTER OF MUTUAL INTEREST” IN RELATION TO A STRIKE? A TALE OF TWO RECENT CASES Pikitup (SOC) Ltd v SA Municipal Workers Union on behalf of Members (2014) 35 ILJ 983 (LAC); and Vanachem Vanadium Products (Pty)." Obiter 36, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v36i1.11684.

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The purpose of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (the LRA) is to advance economic development, social justice, labour peace and democratization of the workplace. The primary objects of the LRA, inter alia, include the following: “to provide a framework within which employees and their trade unions, employers and employer’s organisations can (i) collectively bargain to determine wages, terms and conditions of employment, and other matters of mutual interest; and (ii) formulate industrial policy”, and “to promote orderly collective bargaining [and] (ii) collective bargaining at sectoral level”

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Thakur, Kishor S., Nagendra S. Sonwani, and Navneet Ateriya. "Filigree burns of a lightning strike: A case series." Medico-Legal Journal, June 4, 2021, 002581722110110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00258172211011003.

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Lightning is the discharge of an electric charge forming in the atmosphere between the earth and clouds which travels downward in a branching pattern. It is estimated that there are some 1800 active thunderstorms at any given moment. Lightning may injure or kill a person by a direct strike, a side-flash or conduction through another object. Agricultural workers are at risk in developing and underdeveloped countries, as are those engaging in sporting activities elsewhere. Fatalities resulting from lightning strikes may not show specific symptoms at autopsy, but there may be symptoms of burns on

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Hale, George. "Three Strikes and You're Out?" Commonwealth 16, no. 1 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.15367/com.v16i1.460.

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After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, Pennsylvania adopted one of the nation's strongest governmental monopolies for the sale of wine and spirits. Since 1980, three Republican governors--Dick Thornburgh, Tom Ridge, and Tom Corbett--have tried to privatize the state's monopoly. Despite supportfrom more than 60% of the public, they failed. James Q. Wilson's work on client politics, where costs are widely distributed and benefits are narrowly concentrated, partly explains why the state's liquor policy is difficult to change. In addition, unionized workers in the state-owned liquor stores, the

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Faheemah Karolia-Hussain and Elmarie Fourie. "THE RELEVANCE AND IMPACT OF SOUTH AFRICAN LABOUR LAW IN THE MINING SECTOR: A FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PERSPECTIVE." Obiter 42, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v42i3.12896.

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The mining sector is one of the contributors to the South African economy and improving productivity is important if it is to remain competitive in the global marketplace. Thus, the technologies that will be created by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) are important to the mining sector. However, if this leads to mining companies being less reliant on labour, then these changes will have a negative impact on the jobs of mineworkers.This article looks at the legal framework that governs the mining sector in South Africa in the context of 4IR. The Labour Relations Act (LRA) provides for col

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Mohamed Alli Chicktay. "PLACING THE RIGHT TO STRIKE WITHIN A HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK." Obiter 27, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v27i2.14392.

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Traditionally human rights have been divided into three generations. First generation rights, often referred to as civil/political rights, deal with issues of liberty and protect individuals from state interference. Examples of such rights include freedom of speech, freedom of religion and the right to life. Second generation rights are socio-economic in nature and protect rights such as housing, education and health care, while third generation rights are collective rights, for example the right to self determination and the right todevelopment. Socio-economic rights and collective rights do

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Dugassa, Sisay, Mathew Murphy, Sheleme Chibsa, et al. "Malaria in migrant agricultural workers in western Ethiopia: entomological assessment of malaria transmission risk." Malaria Journal 20, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03633-1.

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Abstract Background Ethiopia has made great strides in malaria control over the last two decades. However, this progress has not been uniform and one concern has been reported high rates of malaria transmission in large agricultural development areas in western Ethiopia. Improved vector control is one way this transmission might be addressed, but little is known about malaria vectors in this part of the country. Methods To better understand the vector species involved in malaria transmission and their behaviour, human landing collections were conducted in Dangur woreda, Benishangul-Gumuz, betw

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Becker, Marc. "Peasant Identity, Worker Identity: Multiple Modes of Rural Consciousness in Highland Ecuador." EIAL - Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe 15, no. 1 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.61490/eial.v15i1.829.

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On December 30, 1930, agricultural workers on the Pesillo hacienda in the canton of Cayambe, in the northern Ecuador highlands, rose up in protest against abuses they faced at the hands of their bosses. Local governmental officials reported that no one was working as the strike spread across the hacienda and threatened to engulf neighboring properties. Pesillo's newly formed peasant union El Inca, as well as Tierra Libre from the neighboring Moyurco hacienda, presented a list of 17 demands which focused almost exclusively on issues of working conditions, indebtedness, and salaries. They demand

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ME Manamela. "PROTEST ACTION WITHIN THE AMBIT OF THE LABOUR RELATIONS ACT 66 OF 1995 COSATU v Business Unity of South Africa (2021) 42 ILJ 490 (LAC)." Obiter 43, no. 3 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v43i3.14899.

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Protest action is not a new phenomenon in democratic South Africa. In the 1980s and 1990s, many stay-aways were used by workers to demonstrate opposition to government policy. However, the Industrial Court was disinclined to grant such actions protection and, as a result, they were deemed unlawful under the Labour Relations Act 28 of 1956 (1956 LRA). Unlike protest action, strike action was regulated and defined under the 1956 LRA. Nonetheless, the International Labour Organisation (ILO)’s Fact-Finding and Conciliation Commission on Freedom of Association criticised the narrow definition of “s

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Ou, Yi-Pey, and Yun-Peng Chu. "Were the US workers in “essential” sectors well paid?" Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, November 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-08-2021-0189.

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Purpose When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic seriously hit the USA, a lot of cities/states announced their lockdowns, in some cases forbidding employees to go to work. But workers in the so called “essential sectors” were exempt from the order, and on the contrary were required to remain on the job in order to maintain the services and functions considered vital to the community. If they have not been paid well in comparison to those in the other sectors, there would be a stronger case for granting them a special hazard pay during the pandemic. This paper aims to design a way

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Chitwood, Daniel H., Luis Delaye, Cristina Domínguez‐Castro, et al. "Sí se puede: The enduring legacy of Mexico on wine and politics." PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET, December 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10597.

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Societal Impact StatementThe cultural significance of the grapevine is undeniable. However, we fail to acknowledge how the grapevine has and continues to influence the most pressing political questions of our time. From the beginning of the Conquest, Indigenous peoples were forced to plant the vine, Spain burned the vines Miguel Hidalgo used to teach the poor, and César Chávez and the Delano grape strike demanded justice for agricultural laborers. From the Grito de Dolores to Sí se puede, we demonstrate how the continuing relationship between Mexico and the grapevine influences debates surroun

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Eugene Lizazi Libebe and Tapiwa Victor Warikandwa. "THE AGENCY PROBLEM IN TRADE UNIONS: A CASE FOR ENFORCING TRADE UNION LEADERSHIP ACCOUNTABILITY IN NAMIBIA’S LABOUR LAWS." Obiter 43, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v43i2.14280.

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Namibia’s public and private sectors have encountered substantial industrial or strike action. This article highlights the agency problem that arises between trade union leaders or bargaining agents and the employees or the workers they represent during collective bargaining. The agency problem is a conflict of interest inherent in any relationship where one party is expected to act in another’s best interests. How to ensure that the agent acts solely in the interest of the principal is a challenge. The agency problem can occur in companies, non-governmental organisations, professional institu

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Motsepe, Humphrey Lephethe. "Balancing Continuous Service and Budget Constraints: A Comparative Analysis of Shift Systems in Public Agricultural Services and Private Sector Operations." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, July 24, 2025, 1784–88. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul1135.

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In industries that need to operate around the clock, shift systems are essential for guaranteeing uninterrupted service delivery. The shift scheduling strategies employed by private sector companies and the public agricultural services, more especially, field rangers and redline gate guards, are contrasted in this study. Flexibility in shift implementation is often limited by the public sector's strict employment regulations and limited budgets. Private sector organizations, on the other hand, frequently use more adaptable and dynamic shift systems that are intended to maximize operational eff

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Kumari, Poonam, Nikky Deepa, Prabodh Kumar Trivedi, Brajesh K. Singh, Vaibhav Srivastava, and Akanksha Singh. "Plants and endophytes interaction: a “secret wedlock” for sustainable biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites." Microbial Cell Factories 22, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12934-023-02234-8.

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AbstractMany plants possess immense pharmacological properties because of the presence of various therapeutic bioactive secondary metabolites that are of great importance in many pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, to strike a balance between meeting industry demands and conserving natural habitats, medicinal plants are being cultivated on a large scale. However, to enhance the yield and simultaneously manage the various pest infestations, agrochemicals are being routinely used that have a detrimental impact on the whole ecosystem, ranging from biodiversity loss to water pollution, soil degr

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Wang, Zhifeng, Bing Jiang, Xingtong Wang, Dongxu Wang, and Haihong Xue. "Psychological challenges and related factors of ordinary residents after “7.20” heavy rainstorm disaster in Zhengzhou: a cross-sectional survey and study." BMC Psychology 11, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01038-0.

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Abstract Background In 2021, a once-in-a-century heavy rainstorm suddenly attacked Zhengzhou, an important inland city in northern China. However, there have been no studies on the psychological health of disaster-stricken residents. This study is the first to comprehensively report on the mental health status and related factors of local ordinary residents after the heavy rainstorm. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the mental health status and related influencing factors of local ordinary residents after the flood disaster, and to provide reference for government departme

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Thanduxolo Qotoyi. "SHOULD REFUSAL TO WORK FOLLOWING BREACH OF CONTRACT BY THE EMPLOYER REALLY BE A STRIKE? National Union of Mineworkers on behalf of Employees v Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (2011) 32 ILJ 2104 (LAC)." Obiter 33, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v33i2.12170.

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The employment relationship is by its very nature premised on the foundation of inherent inequality between the employer and the employee. The employer by virtue of the resources at its disposal is in a stronger position than the employee. One of the strong criticisms levelled against the common law has always been its indifference to this unequal division of power. The common law tends to deal with a contract of employment on the basis that it is an agreement entered into voluntarily and on equal footing bythe employer and the employee. Unsurprisingly, the common law regards terms that regula

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Асылбекова, Ж. М. "К ВОПРОСУ О ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КАЗАХСКИХ РАБОЧИХ КАДРОВ В ДОРЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЙ ПЕРИОД". BULLETIN Series Historical and socio-political sciences 76, № 1(2023) (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/1728-5461.2023.1.76.001.

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Мақала революцияға дейінгі кезеңдегі ұлттық жұмысшы кадрлардың тарихын Қазақстанның Ұлттық индустриялық кадрлары тарихының маңызды кезеңдерінің бірі ретінде қарастырылады. Қазақ жұмысшы кадрларын қалыптастыру процесі дәл 1917 жылғы Қазан төңкерісіне дейін басталғаны белгілі, қазақтың дәстүрлі қоғамының стратификациясы барысында кедейленген шаруаның белгілі бір бөлігі жұмыс іздеп жергілікті темір жолдар, балық аулау және өнеркәсіптік кәсіпорындар салуға бағытталды. Бұл ретте олар туған ауылымен экономикалық байланысты үзбеді және ауыл шаруашылығы жұмыстарына қатысу үшін қажеттілігіне қарай сол

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Elsabé Cynthia-Leigh Cole and Adriaan van der Walt. "THE EFFECT OF LABOUR LEGISLATION IN THE PROMOTION AND INTEGRATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE LABOUR MARKET." Obiter, December 1, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v35i3.11788.

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An absence of adequate legislation in South Africa resulted in inequality in the workplace and in society in general. The new constitutional democracy with a Bill of Rights intended to address this by promulgated legislation, and today the South African Constitutional and legislative provisions promoting equality are viewed as amongst the most progressive in the world. In regard to persons with disabilities, this progressive legislation, aimed to protect against discrimination, still seems to fail the very people it intended to promote and protect.The legislation created awareness of the need

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