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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculturally marginal land'
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Amichev, Beyhan Y., Werner A. Kurz, Carolyn Smyth, and Ken C. J. Rees. "The carbon implications of large-scale afforestation of agriculturally marginal land with short-rotation willow in Saskatchewan." GCB Bioenergy 4, no. 1 (July 31, 2011): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01110.x.
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Bj�rkman, Leif, and Per Sj�gren. "Long-term history of land-use and vegetation at Ire, an agriculturally marginal area in Blekinge, south Sweden." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2003): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-003-0004-9.
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Hatlestad, Kailin, Joakim Wehlin, and Karl-Johan Lindholm. "Coping with Risk. A Deep-Time Perspective on Societal Responses to Ecological Uncertainty in the River Dalälven Catchment Area in Sweden." Land 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080883.
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In addressing the current climate crisis, research into how past societies have coped with risk and ecological uncertainty can provide old solutions to new problems. Here, we examine how human niche construction can be seen as risk management in the face of uncertainty by exploring the spatial patterning of land-use activities over time. Dalarna county, an agriculturally marginal boreal forest environment, provides the opportunity for addressing change in terms of agricultural responses and other activities. C14 archaeological records complied by Dalarna Museum were the base of this analysis. The spatial and temporal components of these Boreal Forest records were analyzed in the open-source software QGIS, guided by a historical ecology framework. Human niches diversified and intensified during specific periods in the Boreal forest environment; our focus has been on how humans managed resource risk related to the ecological uncertainty within this forest environment characterized by long winters and short growing seasons. We conclude that constructed niches shaped the Boreal Forest, spanning its environmentally unique upland and lowland regions, into a more predictable environment. Tracking the diversity, multi-functionality, and intensity of these past land-use activities can provide insights for best practices in land management, not only for the Boreal Forest area, but also for elsewhere. These insights will assist in policy-making decisions, as the methodology is adaptable and replicable for various landscapes.
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Evans, Susan T. "The Productivity of Maguey Terrace Agriculture in Central Mexico during the Aztec Period." Latin American Antiquity 1, no. 2 (June 1990): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971983.
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Maguey cultivators in the Basin of Mexico during the Middle and Late Postclassic (A.D. 1150-1521) periods pioneered the more agriculturally marginal parts of the environment, such as the sloping piedmont zone around the alluvial plain. In their land-use strategy, terraced interplantings of maguey and grain formed the house gardens (calmilli) of their villages. These villages were established sometime around the twelfth century, and by the time of Spanish Conquest they covered the piedmont zones of the Teotihuacan Valley, Texcoco region, and similar areas of the Basin of Mexico. Archaeological and ethnographic evidence permit reconstruction of the caloric productivity of this interplanted terrace system, using modern maguey yields. This productivity is compared with the needs of the maguey cultivators by looking at a particular archaeological example, the Aztec period village of Cihuatecpan, in the Teotihuacan Valley.
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Kaushalya, R., V. Praveen Kumar, and S. Shubhasmita. "Assessing Agricultural Vulnerability in India using NDVI Data Products." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 27, 2014): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-39-2014.
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Impact of climate change on Indian rainfed agriculture was assessed using temporal NDVI data products from AVHRR and MODIS. Agricultural vulnerability was analysed using CV of Max NDVI from NOAA-AVHRR (15-day, 8 km) and MODIS-TERRA (16-day, 250 m) NDVI data products from 1982–2012. AVHRR dataset was found suitable for estimating regional vulnerability at state and agro-eco-sub-region (AESR) level while MODIS dataset was suitable for drawing district-level strategy for adaptation and mitigation. Methodology was developed to analyse NDVI variations with spatial pattern of rainfall using 10 X 10 girded data and spatially interpolating it to estimate Standard Precipitation Index. Study indicated large variations in vegetation dynamics across India owing to bio-climate and natural resource base. IPCC framework of vulnerability and exposure was used to identify vulnerable region extending from arid western India to semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions in central India and southern peninsula. This is a major agricultural region in the country with sizable human and livestock population with millions of marginal and small farm holdings. Exposure to climatic variability at local and regional levels have national implications and study indicated that over 122 districts extending over 110 mha was vulnerable to climate change that spread across 26 typical AESR in 11 states in India. Of the 74 mha under agriculture in the region, MODIS dataset indicated 47 mha as agriculturally vulnerable while coarser resolution of AVHRR dataset indicated a conservative estimate of 29 mha. First ever estimates of agricultural vulnerability for India indicates 20.4 to 33.1 % agricultural land under risk from climate change.
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Nandi, Debmita, and Sumana Sarkar. "Seasonal Migration as a Livelihood Strategy of Women Agricultural Labourers in Soul Ponamara Mouza of Hirbandh Block, Bankura District, West Bengal." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 3 (November 29, 2020): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i3.886.
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Seasonal migration is a common livelihood strategy among marginal and landless people of the western part of West Bengal. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) and Census data have failed to provide information on seasonal migration and livelihoods at the micro-level. The present study focuses on the nature, characteristics and factors of seasonal migration with its importance as a livelihood strategy among women agricultural labourers (WALs) in Soul Ponamara mouza of Hirbandh block at the micro-level. The study is based on primary data collection using a purposive sampling method and a semi-structured questionnaire, personal interview and focus group discussion. This study reveals that seasonal migration from Soul Ponamara to the adjacent agriculturally prosperous districts viz. Purba Bardhaman and Hooghly (4 to 6 times in a year) is a common livelihood strategy among WALs in the study area, and its proportion is almost equal to when compared to male migrants. The small size of agricultural land holding, existing monoculture system, lack of irrigation facilities, a limited job opportunity in the Soul Ponamara mouza and its surrounding area (Amjhuri, Bijardihi, Chaka Doba, Moshiara, Bamni and Rangametia) provoke women labourers to move out in searching of works. In contrast, high wage and massive demand for skilled and semi-skilled agricultural labourers during sowing and harvesting season in the destination area, that is, paddy and potato fields of Purba Bardhaman and Hooghly districts acted as a magnet to absorb these immigrants into the workforce. This study concludes that seasonal migration opted for employment and income generation is the primary livelihood strategy adopted by the rural WALs of this mouza to cope up with the existing poverty and food insecurity.
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Alexander, Rymanov. "Differential land rent and agricultural taxation." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 9 (September 11, 2017): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/127/2016-agricecon.
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The paper addresses the influence of various types of taxes on changes in differential (Ricardian) land rent, and the economic performance of agricultural producers. Labour and capital taxes lead to higher prices for agricultural products, causing a decrease in consumer demand and lower income for agricultural producers (mostly utilizing marginal land). A polynomial single-product model has been used to demonstrate that reducing the tax burden on agricultural producers – specifically taxes on labour and capital – will result in increases in differential land rents on the average and relatively better plots, and/or the emergence of the rent on the marginal land. Thus, substituting labour and capital taxes for land/property taxes reduces the overall tax burden of agricultural producers on marginal lands.
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Von Cossel, Moritz, Iris Lewandowski, Berien Elbersen, Igor Staritsky, Michiel Van Eupen, Yasir Iqbal, Stefan Mantel, et al. "Marginal Agricultural Land Low-Input Systems for Biomass Production." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 14, 2019): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163123.
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This study deals with approaches for a social-ecological friendly European bioeconomy based on biomass from industrial crops cultivated on marginal agricultural land. The selected crops to be investigated are: Biomass sorghum, camelina, cardoon, castor, crambe, Ethiopian mustard, giant reed, hemp, lupin, miscanthus, pennycress, poplar, reed canary grass, safflower, Siberian elm, switchgrass, tall wheatgrass, wild sugarcane, and willow. The research question focused on the overall crop growth suitability under low-input management. The study assessed: (i) How the growth suitability of industrial crops can be defined under the given natural constraints of European marginal agricultural lands; and (ii) which agricultural practices are required for marginal agricultural land low-input systems (MALLIS). For the growth-suitability analysis, available thresholds and growth requirements of the selected industrial crops were defined. The marginal agricultural land was categorized according to the agro-ecological zone (AEZ) concept in combination with the marginality constraints, so-called ‘marginal agro-ecological zones’ (M-AEZ). It was found that both large marginal agricultural areas and numerous agricultural practices are available for industrial crop cultivation on European marginal agricultural lands. These results help to further describe the suitability of industrial crops for the development of social-ecologically friendly MALLIS in Europe.
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Kim, Sun Min, DoKyoung Lee, Santanu Thapa, Bruce S. Dien, Mike E. Tumbleson, Kent D. Rausch, and Vijay Singh. "Cellulosic Ethanol Potential of Feedstocks Grown on Marginal Lands." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 6 (2018): 1775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12945.
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Abstract. To examine the chemical composition and ethanol production of feedstocks grown on marginal lands, prairie cordgrass and switchgrass from waterlogged land, saline land, and saline water irrigated land were evaluated. Samples were pretreated using 1% w w-1 dilute acid at 160°C for 10 min, and simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation was conducted using industrial engineered . Samples grown on land irrigated with saline water had 2.8-fold higher total ash content compared to the other types of land, resulting in lower carbohydrate concentrations. Yeast fermented glucose and xylose simultaneously; almost all of the sugars were consumed, indicating that salts present in biomass ash did not inhibit yeast performance. Ethanol production from the waterlogged and saline lands was 2,500 to 4,700 L ha-1, which is comparable to that of samples grown on other agricultural lands. Prairie cordgrass and switchgrass grown on marginal lands could be potential feedstocks for cellulosic biofuel. Keywords: Irrigation, Marginal land, Prairie cordgrass, Saline, Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation, Switchgrass, Waterlogging.
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Valcu-Lisman, Adriana M., Catherine L. Kling, and Philip W. Gassman. "The Optimality of Using Marginal Land for Bioenergy Crops: Tradeoffs between Food, Fuel, and Environmental Services." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 45, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2016.20.
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We assess empirically how agricultural lands should be used to produce the highest valued outputs, which include food, energy, and environmental goods and services. We explore efficiency tradeoffs associated with allocating land between food and bioenergy and use a set of market prices and nonmarket environmental values to value the outputs produced by those crops. We also examine the degree to which using marginal land for energy crops is an approximately optimal rule. Our empirical results for an agricultural watershed in Iowa show that planting energy crops on marginal land is not likely to yield the highest valued output.
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Kleinen, John. "The Tragedy of the Margins: Land Rights and Marginal Lands in Vietnam (c. 1800-1945)." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 54, no. 4 (2011): 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852011x611328.
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Abstract This article deals with aspects of official land registers in pre-colonial and colonial Vietnam and their relationship with marginal lands since the eleventh century and especially since the beginning of the nineteenth century. The changing pattern of land ownership and control is studied in detail in one specific village in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Several practices of land use and land distribution are discussed, as are various efforts in parts of Vietnam to expand agricultural land, in particular near rivers and coasts, especially as a result of land reclamation. The study of marginal lands is focused on alluvial lands, which were seen originally as empty or waste lands but gradually developed into safety nets for the poor. The traditional social function of these communal waste lands, managed by village elites, was eroded and became a tool for manipulation in the hands of state and village authorities.
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Lumbantoruan, Santa Maria, Herlina Herlina, and Risma Chantrika Az-zahra. "POTENSI PEMANFAATAN MIKORIZA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN." Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Pertanian (JURAGAN) 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32767/juragan.v1i1.33.
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This study aims to examine the mycorrhizal potential for food security in Indonesia. The analysis is based on literature review using secondary data as a source of information. Food productivity has an important role in the lives of many people. Meanwhile, on the one hand, we are faced with immeasurable human growth and land functions that have begun to shift to settlements over time. One way to increase food in Indonesia is to empower marginal lands. Indonesia has a marginal land area that has not been optimized due to problems with the soil, poor nutrients and poor water management. Of course, to overcome this, it is necessary to have an agricultural cultivation approach so that these lands can be utilized. One of the approaches to agricultural cultivation is the application of biological fertilizers, namely mycorrhizae. From several literature studies, it is found that mycorrhizae can increase plant production by increasing nutrient uptake in marginal lands.
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Usnawiyah, Usnawiyah, and Delvian Delvian. "Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Kedelai Varietas Anjasmoro Pada Tanah Salin." Jurnal Agrium 9, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v9i1.1269.
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Increased soybean production is competing with the extension of the use of agricultural land for non- agricultural needs. Therefore the future expansion of agricultural land can only use marginal lands such as peatlands, wetlands and tidal lands. This paper discusses the growth and production of soybean varieties Anjasmoro in saline environments. Varieties Anjasmoro have total leaf area and the percentage ratio of the canopy which is not significantly different from the other varieties tested except Kipas Merah. In the production of components, seed weight Anjasmoro 100 seeds varieties including higher and statistically the same as the varieties Kipas Putih dan Kipas Merah
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Parks, Peter J. "Explaining "Irrational" Land Use: Risk Aversion and Marginal Agricultural Land." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28, no. 1 (January 1995): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1995.1003.
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Goerndt, Michael E., and Carl Mize. "Short-Rotation Woody Biomass as a Crop on Marginal Lands in Iowa." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/25.2.82.
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Abstract There is increasing interest in producing woody biomass on marginal lands in Iowa, but there is little information about its economic feasibility. To address this issue, a study was initiated in 1995 to analyze growth of certain fast-growing tree species, clones of hybrids, and selectedclones, which will be referred to as entries, on marginal lands. Three entries, including the “Crandon” clone (Populus alba × Populus grandidentata), the “Eugenii” clone (Populus × canadensis), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum),were established in test plantings on three land types”bottomland, steep slopes, and upland agricultural land”across the state. Trees generally were measured annually. Two types of yield models were developed to predict biomass per hectare over time for the three aforementionedentries. Crandon had the highest rate of biomass production on all land types. Economic analyses were conducted on the three entries, and Crandon produced the highest economic return on all land types.
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Radojević, Uroš, Miloš Ninković, and Jelena Milovanović. "Identification Of Marginal Land Suitable For Biofuel Production In Serbia." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2015-0011.
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Abstract The use of biomass as a potential energy source has both advantages and disadvantages. Biomass is a potential source of fuel energy that provides economic and environmental benefits such as less expensive and less energy intensive production, carbon sequestration and soil preservation. However, the main concern associated with biofuels is that land needed for food will be used for biofuel crops. One potential solution is the use of marginal lands which are not suited for food production. Marginal lands generally refer to the areas not only with low production, but also with limitations that make them unsuitable for agricultural practices and ecosystem functions. This can be due to various forms of land degradation such as pollution, surface exploitation of mineral resources, erosion, overexploitation and others. We used remotely sensed data, environmental data and field survey data to identify possible marginal lands in Serbia. All gathered data was transferred to GIS in order to create maps and database of potential marginal lands which could be used for biomass production.
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Widiyono, Irkham, and Sarmin Sarmin. "Pemberdayaan Peternak Marginal: Studi Kasus di Wilayah Banguntapan Bantul." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 2, no. 2 (March 19, 2017): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.27031.
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Over the recent years, villagers in the countryside havefaced the problem of limited resources for livestock and crop productions. Decreased land quality and agricultural land areawith respect to the increased need for housing landhas resulted in economic and environmental problems for livestock farmers in this area. Most livestock farmers have poor standard of education, limited ownership of land and livestock, and are not capable of managing the natural resources in sustainable ways. The present services for small livestock farmersare aimed to transform the unintegrated livestock and agricultural farming into a sustainable integrated system in the marginal community. Some efforts were conducted to improve knowledge and skills in zero waste system in livestock and agricultural farming by livestock farmers in marginal areas. The present community development programs were conducted using farmer-centered learning methods (participative learning) and mentoring by professionals on the implementation of sustainable integrated farming system (learning by practice). Furthermore, institutional development and cooperative networking with related parties were carried out. Results showed that the livestock farmerswere able to adopt integrated farming practices and the community was capable of independently producing organic fertilizer from livestock wastes and converting agricultural byproducts into animal feed. Both farmers and villagers have come together to cultivate fruit and vegetable plantations in vacant lands and back yards which were previously unused. The farmers’ group has successfully networked with the related partners to ensure sustainability of environmental conservation efforts and improvement of livelihood. In conclusion, active participation of farmersin the marginal area throughout the development process and mentored-practice are key factors for successful agricultural transformation in the marginal community. Implementation of the sustainable integrated farming system will ensure food security, environmental protection and safety, conservation of natural resources, and better quality of life.
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Kumm, Karl-Ivar, and Anna Hessle. "Economic Comparison between Pasture-Based Beef Production and Afforestation of Abandoned Land in Swedish Forest Districts." Land 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020042.
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Large areas of agricultural land have been abandoned or are at risk of being abandoned such as small scattered fields and pastures in forest-dominated landscapes are unsuitable for modern mechanized agriculture and cost-efficient grazing. These areas have therefore become unprofitable to cultivate and graze. Spruce planting has been seen as the obvious alternative on these lands but is today questioned from landscape points of view. Now most abandoned land is left for natural afforestation. This study aims to compare the profitability in use of abandoned or marginal agricultural land in Swedish forest districts for spruce planting, natural birch afforestation, or organic beef cattle grazing large pasture-forest mosaics. The pastures consist of remaining semi-natural pastures, abandoned and marginal agricultural land, and adjacent forest land. Calculations of contribution to land, management, and risk suggest that, given present supports and environmental payments, organic beef production with herds of more than 20 suckler cows in large pasture-forest mosaics could be more profitable than forestry, except for in the most fertile areas of southern Sweden, where spruce planting has the highest contribution. Future tree breeding progress and possible decrease of livestock-related support and environmental payments would however increase the competitiveness of resumed afforestation relative to beef production.
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Frey, Gregory E., D. Evan Mercer, Frederick W. Cubbage, and Robert C. Abt. "Economic Potential of Agroforestry and Forestry in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley with Incentive Programs and Carbon Payments." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 34, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/34.4.176.
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Abstract Conversion of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) to agricultural land has caused a loss of ecosystem services. The primary approaches to reverse this have been the Wetlands Reserve Program and the Conservation Reserve Program, which provide financial incentives to landowners to reforest. However, other forest production regimes and forestry financing mechanisms will be necessary to meet reforestation goals. Using capital budgeting techniques, we estimated financial returns from eight agroforestry and seven forestry systems to compare to returns from agriculture on marginal and average lands in the LMAV, as an indicator for potential adoption. In all but a few cases, agriculture had higher returns than agroforestry and forestry, even on marginal lands, and this is especially true when considering federal agricultural payments. We then estimated the break-even carbon net revenue per metric ton that would create a large enough financial incentive to favor forestry or agroforestry systems over agriculture. Given prospective moderate prices from carbon credits from afforestation and reforestation activities and high costs for implementing those activities, a few forestry and agroforestry systems might have potential on marginal agricultural land in the LMAV, subject to requirements such as providing evidence that reforestation would not have taken place without carbon payments. Regimes that maintain a large carbon stock on site by avoiding clearcutting performed better under carbon markets.
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Ranacher, Lea, Barbora Pollakova, Peter Schwarzbauer, Sandra Liebal, Norbert Weber, and Franziska Hesser. "Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt Short Rotation Plantations on Marginal Lands: Qualitative Study About Incentives and Barriers in Slovakia." BioEnergy Research 14, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10240-6.
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AbstractShort rotation plantations (SRP), also called short rotation coppice, can contribute to bioeconomy by satisfying the rising demand for wood raw material while strengthening the rural economy. However, farmers all over Europe show limited adoption of SRP. Marginal lands are considered a promising option for producing SRP biomass and avoiding conflicts with food production. This study focuses on the Malacky region in Western Slovakia because of suitable land quality and a board production site close by providing a significant local market for the produced biomass. Qualitative interviews in 2018 explored personal and situational factors that influenced local farmers’ (N = 19) willingness to adopt SRP. Slovakia’s land fragmentation in combination with the required landowner’s consent, competition with food production, and lack of identification with SRP were identified as prominent barriers. The economic benefit from using low quality lands and environmental benefits from SRP were identified incentives. Moreover, the study found agricultural cooperatives more open to SRP than agricultural business companies, as they are more interested in the economic benefits and prefer agricultural activity over fallow land. Because the study identified conflicting views about the possible impacts of SRP on the environment and the rural community, it is considered crucial to provide farmers with science-based facts on these issues. This aspect should also be acknowledged to increase acceptance of stakeholders, such as land owners, governmental actors, and the general public, which is needed to develop measures to encourage SRP.
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Ahmadzai, Hayatullah, Seta Tutundjian, and Ismahane Elouafi. "Policies for Sustainable Agriculture and Livelihood in Marginal Lands: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168692.
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Despite the substantial improvements in agricultural productivity owing to technological progress, the poor in agriculturally marginal areas are overlooked and left behind. Nearly a billion people still live in poverty, the majority of whom happen to be in developing countries, with a larger share of those who are poor living on marginal lands. Food insecurity is a vicious reality in the everyday lives of these marginalized poor, and the threat of food insecurity and hunger is becoming even more serious and imminent, with increasing trends in population growth. Climate change is expected to add yet more weight to this equation and to pose greater risks for the livelihoods of these communities. In spite of the challenges faced, addressing marginal agriculture systems and poverty is vital to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this paper, we investigate the historical policy perspective towards marginal areas to pinpoint potential shortcomings in the policy environment. Subsequently, we present a roadmap to future research engagement and develop a policy framework, with instruments and strategies focusing on the food–poverty–environment nexus, to target poverty reduction, preserve biodiversity, and restore marginal lands. Our analysis of historical policies reveals that conventional policy approaches towards marginal agriculture have been conducive to favorable areas (specific to input-responsive crops only), neglecting marginal areas. Future policies to address the food–poverty–environment nexus within marginal environments must evolve around a framework that is all-inclusive but context-specific. Agricultural and other public investments should be prioritized geographically in accordance with the characteristics of marginality hotspots. Policy instruments should encourage long-term solutions to enhance productivity through regenerative production systems and preserve the environmental resource base.
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Kurayemen, Chagbe, B. A. Gyata, and Emmanuel Ali. "Minimizing Effect of Land Degradation in Benue State for Sustainable Food Production." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 19 (December 2013): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.19.82.
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This paper looks at land degradation and its effects on the environment globally and locally. Unless land rehabilitation measures are effective, a downward eco-social spiral is created when marginal lands are physically, chemically and biologically depleted by unsustainable land management practices resulting in lost soil resilience leading to soil degradation and permanent damage .The paper examines the land degradation types prevalent in Benue state to include: Deforestation, Overexploitation for fuel wood, overgrazing, agricultural activities and industrialization. and the severity with which they occur. The paper concludes that a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted to include effective teaching and learning of environmental education and development of sound policies that can begin the process of healing the land with its attendant benefits to the environment and agricultural revival in Benue state.
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Karimuna, La, Nini Mila Rahni, and Dirvamena Boer. "The Use of Bokashi to Enhance Agricultural Productivity of Marginal Soils in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.3.1.1-6.
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The yield of agriculture crops tends to be decreasing in many parts of world including in Indonesian farmers’ land. One of the causes of the decreased yields is the reduction of organic matter in the soil. Peanut is one of the important crops in southeast Sulawesi and is usually intercropped with maize. However, the yield of peanut and maize crops were low as they were grown in marginal lands that have low nutrient contents, low CEC, high acidity, and low organic matter. The objectives of this paper were to summarize the results of our studies on the use of bio fertilizer bokashi plus fertilizer to improve peanut yields grown in marginal soil in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study also examined the agronomical performance of several local peanut varieties which had high adaptability to the local conditions and marginal lands. The results of this study demonstrated that application of mulch and bokashi increased maize and peanut production, seed dry weight and 100-seed weight. This practice has potentials to be applied in other agricultural lands of southeast Sulawesi region with similar soil and climatic condition to increase peanut yield, and promote the sustainable agriculture production of the region.
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Böhm, C., A. Quinkenstein, D. Freese, and R. F. Hüttl. "Assessing the short rotation woody biomass production on marginal post-mining areas." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 7 (July 28, 2011): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/94/2010-jfs.
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The Lusatian lignite-mining district (Eastern Germany) is characterized by a high share of marginal post-mining areas. At these sites, crop yield is generally low, and hence, conventional land use systems often fail in terms of reliable and efficient crop production. In this paper the attempt is made to evaluate the production of woody biomass for bioenergy in short rotation coppices (SRC) and alley cropping systems (ACS) with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) from the aspect of possible ecological and economic benefits compared to the conventional agricultural recultivation practice. The results show that, due to both high establishment and harvesting costs and comparatively low prices of energy wood, land use systems such as SRC or ACS are currently hardly profitable compared to conventional agriculture. However, the cultivation of black locust resulted in a higher humus accumulation and in a lower harvest-related nutrient export than the cultivation of lucerne as a typical recultivation crop in this region. Therefore, it can be concluded that for an improvement of soil fertility woody biomass production is more beneficial than the conventional agricultural recultivation practice.
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Rini, Wulandari Dwi Etika, Endang Siti Rahayu, Mohamad Harisudin, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "Management of Gogo Rice Production in Realizing the Commercialization of Marginal Land Farming Households in Yogyakarta." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160217.
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The land is an important factor for people whose lives depend on the agricultural sector. The need for land for various uses has resulted in decreasing agricultural land which could have implications for decreasing food production. Alternative options which are expected to increase the potential for food production are the utilization of marginal land. Farmers with marginal land need to manage their production to meet household needs. So it is important to examine the marketable surplus, the level of commercialization, and the carrying capacity of marginal land. The research area was taken by purposive sampling method in Gunungkidul Yogyakarta. The samples taken were upland rice farmer households with the simple random sampling method. The marketable surplus analysis uses a marketable surplus formula, then the percentage is used to determine the level of farm commercialization. The carrying capacity analysis is carried out using the carrying capacity formula. The results showed that farmer households manage rice production by allocating an average of 59.1% for marketed and 40.9% for household consumption. The allocation of marketable surplus is greater than for household consumption, this shows that gogo rice farming households are towards commercially. The marginal land carrying capacity of 0.641 indicates that the land cannot be developed in an expansive and exploratory manner. The implication is in increasing upland rice production on marginal land, namely by an intensification of farming.
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Grimes, Seamus. "Agricultural policy and land tenure in an Irish marginal county." Irish Geography 21, no. 1 (January 1988): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00750778809478803.
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Ghosh, AK, and MHK Sujan. "Mitigation of land scarcity situation through tenure practices: a study on two selected villages in Jashore district of Bangladesh." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i2.51590.
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Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries with immense pressure on agricultural land in rural areas. Mainstream of the rural households depend on either agriculture or its associated activities for their livelihood. However, rural land distribution is highly skewed, majority of them are landless. Under such a land scarce situation, farmers in rural areas have been gradually inclining towards land tenancy. Present study steered to explore the nature and volume of temporary land transaction through tenancy agreement in studied areas and to scrutinize its role in aligning land distribution. In 2017, a total of 166 farmers were randomly selected from two different villages in Jashore district for study. Result of the study administrated that land tenancy practice has been significantly mitigating land disparity among rural farmers. Study also explored that comparatively rich farmers are leaning towards tenant out land and most of these lands tenanted in by the landless and marginal farmers. Consequently, on an average landless farm could significantly increases their cultivable land from 0.01 acre to 0.98 acre compared to the marginal farm 0.31 to 0.73 acres. At the same time, cultivable land of medium farm has decreased as of 3.74 acres to 2.83 acres in studied villages.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 164-169, December 2020
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Kaparang, Daniel, and Sediyono Eko. "Penentuan Alih Fungsi Lahan Marginal Menjadi Lahan Pangan Berbasis Algoritma K-Means di Wilayah Kabupaten Boyolali." d'CARTESIAN 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/dc.2.2.2013.3217.
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Abstract Changes in land use for industrial development, public housing and so on continues to grow along with the increasing of the population. Meanwhile, development of food security, continue to have problems, one of them is wide area of foodland. This study, build an analysis model to supporting variable land suitability against development of marginal land for opening primary food land as an information system. By using K-Means algorithm and focus on the data flow to become information, this study recommends a model of optimization analysis of marginal land to assist Agricultural Department in improving the agricultural service area to plant crops. Key words : Analysis model, K-Means, Marginal Land, Land Food, Characteristic Of The Land Abstrak Perubahan fungsi lahan pangan untuk pembangunan industri, perumahan rakyat dan sebagainya, terus berkembang seiring dengan meningkatnya populasi penduduk. Sementara itu pembangunan ketahanan pangan terus mengalami kendala salah satunya luas area lahan pangan. Penelitian ini membangun model analisis variabel pendukung kesesuaian lahan terhadap pengembangan lahan maginal untuk pembukaan lahan pangan sebagai suatu sistem informasi. Dengan menggunakan algoritma k-means dan fokus pada alur data untuk menjadi informasi, maka penelitian ini merekomendasikan model analisis optimasi terhadap lahan marginal untuk membantu dinas pertanian dalam meningkatkan luas area tanam tanaman pangan. Kata Kunci: Model analisis, k-means, lahan marginal, lahan pangan, karakteristik lahan
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Alexander, Peter, Anjali Reddy, Calum Brown, Roslyn C. Henry, and Mark D. A. Rounsevell. "Transforming agricultural land use through marginal gains in the food system." Global Environmental Change 57 (July 2019): 101932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101932.
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Sedano, Fernando, Vasco Molini, and M. Azad. "A Mapping Framework to Characterize Land Use in the Sudan-Sahel Region from Dense Stacks of Landsat Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 6 (March 16, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11060648.
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We developed a land cover and land use mapping framework specifically designed for agricultural systems of the Sudan-Sahel region. The mapping approach extracts information from inter- and intra-annual vegetation dynamics from dense stacks of Landsat 8 images. We applied this framework to create a 30 m spatial resolution land use map with a focus on agricultural landscapes of northern Nigeria for 2015. This map provides up-to-date information with a higher level of spatial and thematic detail resulting in a more precise characterization of agriculture in the region. The map reveals that agriculture is the main land use in the region. Arable land represents on average 52.5% of the area, higher than the reported national average for Nigeria (38.4%). Irrigated agriculture covers nearly 2.2% of the total area, reaching nearly 20% of the cultivated land when traditional floodplain agriculture systems are included, above the reported national average (0.63%). There is significant variability in land use within the region. Cultivated land in the northern section can reach values higher than 75%, most land suitable for agriculture is already under cultivation and there is limited land for future agricultural expansion. Marginal lands, not suitable for permanent agriculture, can reach 30% of the land at lower altitudes in the northeast and northwest. In contrast, the southern section presents lower land use intensity that results in a complex landscape that intertwines areas farms and larger patches of natural vegetation. This map improves the spatial detail of existing sources of LCLU information for the region and provides updated information of the current status of its agricultural landscapes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of multi temporal medium resolution remote sensing data to provide detailed and up-to-date information about agricultural systems in arid and sub arid landscapes of the Sahel region.
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Biays, Pierre. "Problèmes de l’agriculture marginale dans la zone pionnière de l’Est du Canada." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 8, no. 16 (April 12, 2005): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020500ar.
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A marginal farm can be defined by three criteria : the amount of improved land, the amount of time spent by the operator off the farm, and the absolute and relative income derived from agriculture. Both human and physical factors explain the deficiencies of marginal agriculture in the study area. The settlers' lack of agricultural experience, improper agricultural specializations, and the small size of the parcels of improved land (and consequently of the cattle herds) are the important human factors. The main physical limitations are climatic (especially the cool summer temperatures and the short length of the frost-free period), and pedologic. More research is needed before political decisions can be made concerning the future of these areas of marginal agriculture. Surveys of the marginal farms and studies of the physical limitations to agriculture should be made not only by economists and pedologists, but also by geographers.
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Barbier, Edward B. "The economic determinants of land degradation in developing countries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1356 (July 29, 1997): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0068.
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The following paper investigates the economic determinants of land degradation in developing countries. The main trends examined are rural household's decisions to degrade as opposed to conserve land resources, and the expansion of frontier agricultural activity that contributes to forest and marginal land conversion. These two phenomena appear often to be linked. In many developing areas, a poor rural household's decision whether to undertake long–term investment in improving existing agricultural land must be weighed against the decision to abandon this land and migrate to environmentally fragile areas. Economic factors play a critical role in determining these relationships. Poverty, imperfect capital markets and insecure land tenure may reinforce the tendency towards short–term time horizons in production decisions, and may bias land use decisions against long–term land management strategies. In periods of commodity booms and land speculation, wealthier households generally take advantage of their superior political and market power to ensure initial access to better quality resources, in order to capture a larger share of the resource rents. Poorer households are confined either to marginal environmental areas where resource rents are limited, or only have access to resources once they are degraded and rents dissipated. Overall trends in land degradation and deforestation are examined, followed by an overview of rural household's resource management decisions with respect to land management, frontier agricultural expansion, and migration from existing agricultural land to frontiers. Finally, the discussion focuses on the scope for policy improvements to reduce economic constraints to effective land management.
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,, Koesrini, Muhammad Saleh, and Dan Siti Nurzakiah. "Adaptabilitas Varietas Inpara di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Tipe Luapan Air B pada Musim Kemarau." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 45, no. 2 (October 12, 2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i2.13559.
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Tidal swamp lands are marginal lands with considerable potentials for rice farming. The key solution to overcome swampy lands constraints are nutrient and water managements as well as the use of adaptive rice varieties. Inpara (inbred swampy land rices) varieties have been released by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) which are adaptive to swampy land conditions. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the adaptability of Inpara varieties in tidal swamp lands with type B overflow. The field experiment was carried out in Karang Bunga village, Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan Province, in the dry season from April to August 2016. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design, with 3 replicates. The varieties tested, i.e., Inpara 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and check varieties Margasari, Ciherang, and Mekongga. The results showed that the adaptability varied among varieties tested. Inpara 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 had high yield and good adaptation on tidal swamp land yielded 3.475-4.299 ton ha-1. These varieties produced between 38.5 to 71.3% higher than Margasari and 51.4 to 87.2% higher than Mekongga. Inpara 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 could be used as a main varieties in the tidal swamp lands.<br /><br />Keywords: rice, swampy land, variety
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Belbase, Krishna, Richard Grabowski, and Onesimo Sanchez. "The Marginal Productivity of Inputs and Agricultural Production in Nepal." Pakistan Development Review 24, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v24i1pp.51-60.
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In Nepal, agricultural technology has been relatively stagnant and farmers have been forced to apply more and more of their traditional inputs to production on the land. Since there are few alternative economic opportunities, it is possible that the marginal products of these inputs may be zero. A modified form of a VES production function is applied to cross-sectional data on Nepalese farmers in order to test this proposition.
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Prasetya, Nurdiyanto Agung, Hikmatullah, Asisah, Muhamad Buce Saleh, and Suria Darma Tarigan. "Identification and Evaluation of Potential Land Resources to Support the Development of Agricultural Commodities for Food Crops Zone." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, no. 1 (April 16, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i1.53-61.
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To support the goverment purpose to reach the food security, a land use study is needed. The aim of the research was to provide an information of characteristics of land resources through the identification and evaluation of potential landresources and that suitable for food crops in Mamuju District South Sulawesi. The research method used landscape approach to mapping land units as the basis for preparing the soil map unit/DEM compared with field data survey. A case study was done in Mamuju District, West Sulawesi the results showed that the land in Mamuju for paddy covering was suitable enough of 115,250 ha and 54,883 ha of marginal fit, while for dryland crops were 106 978 ha was quite suitable and appropriate marginal was 82,592 ha. However, for cocoa fit enough land was 153,397 ha and corresponding marginal was 485,743 ha. Biophysical constraints were the erosion of land use/steep slopes, drainage, seasonal flooding, toxicity and nutrient retention. Direction of land use for agriculture in Mamuju for Rice crop area was 49,345 ha (6.23%), food crops rice and dry land was 10,680 ha (1.35%), dryland crops/crops was 101,785 ha (12.85%), perennial/Cocoa was 90,488 ha (11.42%), and conservation land was 532,245 ha (67.18%).Keywords : Cland crops, land identification, soil evaluation [How to Cite: Nurdiyanto AP, Hikmatullah, Asisah, MB Saleh, and SD Tarigan. 2014. Identification and Evaluation of Potential Land Resources to Support the Development of Agricultural Commodities for Food Crops Zone. J Trop Soils 19: 53-61. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.53]
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Nábrádi, András, and József Popp. "Policy challenges for food, energy and environmental security." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2012): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/2.
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Limited land is available globally to grow crops for food and fuel. There are direct and indirect pressures on forests and other lands to be converted from growing food for feedstock to be used for biofuel production. The balance of evidence indicates there will probably be sufficient appropriate land available to meet demands for both food and fuel, but this needs to be confirmed before global supply of biofuel is allowed to increase significantly. There is a future for a sustainable biofuels industry, but feedstock production must avoid encroaching on agricultural land that would otherwise be used for food production. And while advanced technologies offer significant potential for higher greenhouse gas (GHG) savings through biofuels, these will be offset if feedstock production uses existing agricultural land and prevents land-use change. GHG savings can be achieved by using feedstock grown mainly on marginal land or that does not use land, such as wastes and residues. To ensure that biofuels deliver net GHG benefits, governments should amend, but not abandon, their biofuel policies in recognition of the dangers from indirect effects of land-use changes. Large areas of uncertainty remain in the overall impacts and benefits of biofuels. International action is needed in order to improve data, models and controls, and to understand and to manage effects.
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Bergstrom, John C., B. L. Dillman, and John R. Stoll. "Public Environmental Amenity Benefits of Private Land: The Case of Prime Agricultural Land." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 17, no. 1 (July 1985): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017155.
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AbstractFailure of land markets to account for environmental amenity benefits may lend support to public policies to protect agricultural land. The contingent valuation method is employed to estimate willingness to pay for such amenities in Greenville County, South Carolina. Marginal household amenity benefits were estimated at $.06 per thousand acres using a payment card in a mail survey with 53 percent response. Bid payment vehicle was found not to significantly influence bids received. The informational structure of the contingent market was found to influence valuation responses, reinforcing the hypothesis that respondents react to alternative contingent market structures. The relationship between contingent market structure and directional effects upon responses is an important area for future research.
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Odudu, C. O. "Evaluating Competition Constraint on Land Accessibility by Urban Crop Farmers in Lagos." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 1, no. 1 (March 2017): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2017.01.0031.
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The study evaluated the constraint of competition on urban crop farming in Lagos with a view to identifying issues that must be resolved to facilitate practitioners’ land accessibility in the metropolis. Crop farmers in seven out of ten communities where urban crop farming was found to be thriving within the metropolis were selected through multi-stage sampling which involved both purposive and simple random samplings and were administered with structured questionnaires. All the farming communities were delineated by the Lagos State Agricultural Development Authority (LSADA). Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics while linear regression analysis was used to test the formulated research hypothesis. The study showed that farmers were forced out (19.5%) of their locations, 10.3% vacated voluntarily, 1.4% left due to high rents, 2.9% unidentified and 67.8% were missing values. Urban farmers in the study area were, however, found not to be affected by competition and high rents as they were occupying marginal lands that did not attract other competing uses. The regression analysis showed that competition constraint accounted for 3.5% of farmers’ productivity establishing that competition with other uses significantly affected urban farmers’ productivity as they were consigned to marginal lands. The study therefore concluded that government should support/promote the activity by providing agricultural lands in designated areas of the metropolis for urban farming.
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Peter, Brad G., Joseph P. Messina, and Sieglinde S. Snapp. "A Multiscalar Approach to Mapping Marginal Agricultural Land: Smallholder Agriculture in Malawi." Annals of the American Association of Geographers 108, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 989–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2017.1403877.
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van Kooten, G. Cornelis, Emina Krcmar-Nozic, Brad Stennes, and Ruud van Gorkom. "Economics of fossil fuel substitution and wood product sinks when trees are planted to sequester carbon on agricultural lands in western Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 11 (December 1, 1999): 1669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-145.
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To meet its international commitment to reduce CO2 output by 7% from the 1990 level by 2012, Canada will rely to some extent on terrestrial carbon uptake, particularly afforestation of marginal agricultural land. The economics of afforestation is examined for northeastern British Columbia and all of Alberta, with harvested wood used either as a replacement for coal in energy production or as a wood-product sink. Some 7 × 106 ha of marginal agricultural land are identified, but very little could reasonably be afforested if wood is used as a substitute for coal. If C is stored in wood products, nearly one third of the land might reasonably be planted to trees; if similar results hold for the rest of Canada, afforestation can be included in the policy arsenal. Before that can be done, however, some serious issues need to be resolved, including problems associated with the mechanism used to transfer land out of agriculture into plantation forest.
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Trigunasih, Ni Made, I. Nyoman Merit, Wiyanti Wiyanti, I. Wayan Narka, and I. Nyoman Dibia. "EVALUATION OF LAND SUITABILITY FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY IN DEGRADED UNDA WATERSHED, DISTRICT OF KARANGASEM, BALI." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2017.v05.i01.p03.
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Evaluation of land suitability to increase the productivity of degraded lands in the Unda watershed aims: providing a database of land suitability for land use planning in support of sustainable agricultural development, providing spatial information, and recommendations in accordance with the land use plan of inhibiting factors that exist. Identification of characteristic land quality evaluation survey carried out by the method of land with exploration area of research followed by soil sampling at some sample of land units. Land suitability classification using the criteria of the Technical Guidelines for Evaluation of Land For Agricultural Commodities of Soil Research Institute (2003) is by matching between the haracteristics of the land with the requirements of growing plants was evaluated. Types of agricultural crops that are evaluated include plantation crops and food crops hotikultura fruits. Suitability actual land (land suitability based on survey data) are mostly classified as unsuitable (N), and marginally suitable (S3). Qualities/characteristics as the land that is the main limiting factor, among others: quality of land erosion, slope, water availability, temperature, rooting media (soil texture and coarse material). Sustainable land use planning can be recommended with agroforestry, accompanied by vegetative conservation measures because it is cheaper and easier to be carried out by farmers. Recommended cultivation effort is a combination of timber plants with horticultural crops of fruits with the provisions of at least 40% must be enclosed timber. Plant timber that can be developed between the other plants that are not too heavy canopy.
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Perdana, Ibnu Rizki, Mieke Rochimi S, and Pujawati Suryatmana. "RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN CABAI MERAH TERHADAP BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI GARAM PADA INCEPTISOL JATINANGOR." Composite: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 3, no. 01 (April 6, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37577/composite.v3i01.299.
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Chili (Capsicum annum L) was one of the vegetable commodities that have a significant economic value. Farmland narrowed due to land conversion led to a shift of fertile agricultural lands into marginal lands such as saline land. This research aimed to determine respond of chili plant growth to salinity stress in Inceptisols. The experiment was conducted in August-October 2020 with located at Ciparanje Experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency. This research used randomized block design using four level treatment of NaCl concentration: 0 dS/m (a0), 2 dS/m (a1), 4 dS/m (a2), and 6 dS/m (a3). The result showed that there was no significant between treatment soil salinization of plant growth parameters like plant height and shoot root ratio but significant of number of leaves at 7 day after plant and canopy width at 28 day after plant on treatment salinization 6 dS/m.
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Manojlović, Sanja, Mikica Sibinović, Tanja Srejić, Abosa Hadud, and Ibrahim Sabri. "Agriculture Land Use Change and Demographic Change in Response to Decline Suspended Sediment in Južna Morava River Basin (Serbia)." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063130.
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This study expounds the dynamic relationships among agricultural land-use change, rural population migration, and sediment transport. The variability of suspended sediment load was detected by Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests. From 1961 to 2007, the annual trend in suspended sediment concentration and sediment load demonstrated significant reduction (α = 0.001), with decreasing rates of 0.0144 g/L/y and 84.7 t/y, respectively. An abrupt change-point was detected in 1984 for the sediment load (p = 0.0001). The double-mass curve method and regression analysis of sediment load versus precipitation were used to quantify the effects of climate change and human activities on sediment load variations. The changes in sediment load were predominantly impacted by human activities (89%), while precipitation explained 11% of the reduction in suspended sediment. An important land-use change recorded in the Južna Morava river basin comprised the abandonment of agricultural lands due to depopulation processes, as well as economic and social changes, which was followed by significant impacts on soil erosion and sediment transport. Land abandonment was most pronounced in marginal mountain or semi-mountainous areas, where agriculture was until recent decades traditional or semi-traditional. The results of the correlation matrix were significant at the p < 0.05 level, demonstrating that the decrease of rural population, agricultural land, and arable land were directly related to the decline of suspended sediment. High correlation coefficients were found between anthropogenic indicators and sediment parameters, ranging from 0.94 to 0.97.
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Leppäkoski, Lauri, Miika P. Marttila, Ville Uusitalo, Jarkko Levänen, Vilma Halonen, and Mirja H. Mikkilä. "Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Biochar from Willow Grown on Marginal Lands in Finland." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 10097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810097.
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Willow biochar can help to sequestrate carbon. However, biomasses should not be grown on arable lands, as it would increase competition with food production and lead to sustainability issues such as increased food prices and decreased food security. The purpose of this study is to calculate the carbon footprint (CF) of willow biochar in Finland and assess the greenhouse gas compensation potential of marginal lands if they are utilized for willow biochar production. The CF of willow biochar is inadequately assessed together with marginal lands in the literature. A cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of willow biochar was conducted. The results were then applied to assess the total CF of marginal lands. It was found that the CF of willow biochar is −1875 kgCO2eq t−1 of dry biochar. Grown on marginal lands in Finland, willow biochar could compensate 7.7% of yearly agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. On buffer zones, willow biochar could also compensate some of the emissions depending on the zone size. The results of the study support current findings of biochar as a carbon negative product. The study also indicates that willow biochar produced in marginal lands can be used to compensate agricultural greenhouse gas emissions to some extent.
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Hole, F. "Agricultural sustainability in the semi-arid Near East." Climate of the Past 3, no. 2 (May 11, 2007): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-193-2007.
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Abstract. Agriculture began in the eastern Mediterranean Levantine Corridor about 11000 years ago toward the end of the Younger Dryas when aridity had diminished wild food resources. During the subsequent Climatic Optimum, agricultural villages spread rapidly but subsequent climatic changes on centennial to millennial scales resulted in striking oscillations in settlement, especially in marginal areas. Natural climate change thus alternately enhanced and diminished the agricultural potential of the land. Growing populations and more intensive land us, both for agriculture and livestock, have led to changes in the structure of vegetation, hydrology, and land quality. Over the millennia, political and economic interventions, warfare and incursions by nomadic herding tribes all impacted sustainability of agriculture and the ability of the land to supports its populations. In much of the region today, agricultural land use is not sustainable given existing technology and national priorities. The Near Eastern case is instructive because of the quality of information, the length of the record, and the pace of modern change.
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Hole, F. "Agricultural sustainability in the semi-arid Near East." Climate of the Past Discussions 2, no. 4 (July 21, 2006): 485–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-2-485-2006.
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Abstract. Agriculture began in the eastern Mediterranean Levantine Corridor about 11 000 years ago toward the end of the Younger Dryas when aridity had diminished wild food resources. During the subsequent Climatic Optimum, agricultural villages spread rapidly but subsequent climatic changes on centennial to millennial scales resulted in striking oscillations in settlement, especially in marginal areas. Natural climate change thus alternately enhanced and diminished the agricultural potential of the land. Growing populations and more intensive land use, both for agriculture and livestock, have led to changes in the structure of vegetation, hydrology, and land quality. Over the millennia, political and economic interventions, warfare and incursions by nomadic herding tribes all impacted sustainability of agriculture and the ability of the land to support its populations. In much of the region today, agricultural land use is not sustainable given existing technology and national priorities. The Near Eastern case is instructive because of the quality of information, the length of the record, and the pace of modern change.
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Schwilch, G., A. Laouina, M. Chaker, N. Machouri, M. Sfa, and L. Stroosnijder. "Challenging conservation agriculture on marginal slopes in Sehoul, Morocco." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, no. 3 (November 29, 2013): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000446.
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AbstractIn Sehoul, Morocco, the use of marginal land for agriculture became a necessity for the local population due to increased poverty and the occupation of the best land by new owners. Desertification poses an additional threat to agricultural production on marginal slopes, which are often stony and degraded. In a participatory process embedded in the EU DESIRE research project, potential sustainable land management measures were selected to address land degradation and desertification. Promising experiences with no-tillage practices elsewhere in Morocco had motivated the Moroccan government to promote conservation agriculture throughout the country. This combination of crop rotation, minimal soil disturbance and soil cover maintenance, however, had not yet been tested on sloping degraded land. Field trials of grazing enclosure combined with no or minimum tillage were conducted on the plots of two farmers, and trial results were analyzed based on stakeholders’ criteria. Results suggest that increased soil cover with barley residues improved rainwater use efficiency and yields only slightly, although soil water was generally enhanced. Soil moisture measurements revealed that no-tillage was favorable mainly at soil depths of 5 cm and in connection with low-rainfall events (<20 mm); under these circumstances, moisture content was generally higher under no-tillage than under conventional tillage. Moreover, stakeholder discussion confirmed that farmers in Sehoul remain primarily interested in animal husbandry and are reluctant to change the current grazing system. Implementation of conservation agriculture is thus challenged both by the degraded, sloping and stony nature of the land, and by the socio-economic circumstances in Sehoul.
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Jehangir, Waqar A., and Rajan K. Sampath. "Farm Size and Land Use Efficiency in Pakistan's Agriculture." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i3pp.263-274.
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In this paper we analyzed the relationship between the farm size and economies of scale in the extensive and intensive use of land. We found that the defmition of farm size in terms of linear aggregation of the irrigated and unirrigated lands leads to the misspecification bias, resulting in the under-estimation of the degree of homogeneity of the functions. The implications of the above analysis are fairly obvious. First of all, the one-dimensional defmition of farm size in terms of total land size without distinguishing between the irrigated and the unirrigated lands not only mis-specifies the functional relationships between farm size, on the one hand, and land use and other economic variables, on the other hand; but, more importantly, it also under-estimates the returns to scale value, thereby leading to over-estimation of possible benefits from the re-distribution of land. Secondly, the division of lands into irrigated and unirrigated brings out the importance of irrigation in determining the levels of the extensive and intensive uses of land and goes a long way in explaining the inter-farm size as well as the intra-farm size variations in land use intensities. Thirdly, explicit estimates of the positive impact of irrigation on land use and productivity clearly indicate that there is an alternative policy for radical land reforms to bring about significant changes in the distribution of agricultural income and assets. That alternative policy is to use irrigation development and distribution, which are predominantly under the direct or indirect control of the government, as policy tools to help the small and marginal farmers.
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Lu, Li, Ya Tang, Jia-sui Xie, and Yuan-liang Yuan. "The role of marginal agricultural land-based mulberry planting in biomass energy production." Renewable Energy 34, no. 7 (July 2009): 1789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.12.017.
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Niu, Xianzeng, and Sjoerd W. Duiker. "Carbon sequestration potential by afforestation of marginal agricultural land in the Midwestern U.S." Forest Ecology and Management 223, no. 1-3 (March 2006): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.044.
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