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1
Toni, Fabiano. "State-society relations on the agricultural frontier the struggle for credit in the Transamazônica region /." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 1999. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/1999/amg2051/toni%5Ff.pdf.
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Chaddad, Fabio R. "Financial constraints in U.S. agricultural cooperatives : theory and panel data econometric evidence /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036812.
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Fox, Jacqueline Frances. "The role of institutional credit in agricultural development : the case of the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Co-operatives, Thailand." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10690.
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This thesis attempts to evaluate the lending policy of Thailand's Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) from a developmental perspective. Firstly the question of access to institutional credit is examined in terms of the distribution of BAAC loans spatially and by the economic status of borrowers; secondly, the study uses the case study approach to analyse the farm-level effectiveness of three types of lending instrument a) short-term production loans, by scale of farming operation and access to irrigation (the "credit-only" model); b) short-term production loans with extension support (the credit extension model) and; c) long-term investment loans disbursed within the project framework (the project lending model). One of the case studies is drawn from the Central region and two from the Northeast. The results of the study indicate that for a variety of reasons, BAAC directs subsidised loans mainly towards the country's most agriculturally productive areas and most economically secure farmers. This orientation is long-established and is likely to have contributed to the problem of inequality in the distnbution of income and wealth in rural areas. Since 1975, institutional credit has been an important part of a government strategy to increase the flow of funds and provision of support services to the rural sector. The Bank has recruited large numbers of relatively poorer farmers. However, using farm-size as a measure of economic status shows that BAAC clients generally have larger farms than their neighbours. In the Northeastern region, the percentage of BAAC clients with farms below the median is only 11 per cent compared to 23 per cent for the Central and Eastern regions and 20 per cent country-wide. The bulk of loan disbursement is also directed towards medium- and large-scale farmers. Inter-provincial variations in the recruitment of and disbursement of loans to small-scale farmers, are explained in terms of varying strategies employed by branch managers to meet the terms and conditions of the Branch Evaluation Procedure, despite convincing evidence that repayment rates for this group are as good if not better than for larger-scale operators. Regardless of the Bank's economic orientation farm-level analyses of the effects of short-term borrowing show that production loans are most critical to and are used most effectively by small-scale farmers, particularly those in rainfed areas. At present, however, the farm-level effect of technical support, given in association with loans to small-scale farmers, though positive, is still weak. Improvement in the impact of the credit-extension model will depend on further development of the working relationship between BAAC and the Department of Agricultural Extension (DoAE). The effectiveness of long-term project loans, in terms of increasing the productive capacity and income-generating potential among smallscale farmers, is also limited. The challenge to the Bank is to develop projects that meet the Bank's criteria with regard to financial viability and also yield a good return to the borrower after loan repayment obligations have been met. The extent to which the BAAC can provide an equitable and effective service within the context of rural development policy as a whole, depends on active government intervention to prevent the erosion of the Bank's capital base, promotion of the type of interagency cooperation necessary to provide integrated support services to farmers, and prioritisation of planning for the small farm sector.
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Sjah, Taslim. "Decision making and strategies for agricultural credit implementation in Lombok, Indonesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18981.pdf.
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Hancock, Adam David. "Effects of credit and credit access on smallholder maize farmer storage behavior in northern Ghana." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20552.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent Amanor-Boadu
Food insecurity affects 16 percent of the population in northern Ghana, making food security a major focus for many of the development programs in the country. A major initiative to overcome food insecurity may involve the development of effective storage systems to help farmers control the flow of their production to markets and, thus, have higher control over the price they receive. While the poor storage infrastructure in the region is known, there is lack of knowledge about the factors motivating farmers to utilize storage in spite of these conditions. The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding about storage behavior of smallholder maize farmers in northern Ghana. A review of the literature indicates credit plays a large role in storage behavior. The purpose of this thesis is to bridge the gap between literature on storage as a bank, and on storage as a way to ensure food security. Specific objectives include: i) estimating formal and informal credit’s effects on storage behavior of smallholder maize growers, and ii) examining the effect of credit at various levels of storage. This analysis is based on data collected on 527 farmers in Ghana’s four northernmost regions obtained from an agricultural production survey conducted in 2013 and 2014 by USAID-METSS – a project funded by the Economic Growth Office of the USAID mission in Ghana. Ordinary Least Squares modeling was employed to determine the marginal effects of formal and informal credit on storage. Additionally, quantile regression modeling estimated the marginal effects at different levels of storage, including the median. The results indicate that formal credit and on-farm storage had statistically significant negative effects on maize storage at both the mean and median, but only farm output proved to be statistically significant at different levels across the storage distribution. On-farm storage had a statistically significant negative effect on storage when compared to storing off-farm at facilities like local store rooms. Carryover storage from the previous year tested to have statistically significant negative effects on storage. Under the conceptual framework utilized for this study, the results suggest that using formal credit increases a household’s food security.
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Mashile, Daphne Mmapabala. "Challenges facing smallholder farmers in accessing credit in Gauteng province: South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7991.
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Credit plays a significant role in agricultural growth, and it is understood that development of credit programmes will have a valuable impact on agricultural production earnings of smallholder farmers. It is also a strategic factor to poverty alleviation. In Gauteng, smallholder farmers source their loans commonly from informal moneylenders. This results in access to formal credit being at a low rate. Results show that low level of education, main occupation, group membership and household income are significant and have encouraging effects on access to credit financial services. The results also reveal that threats associated with borrowing are high interest rates and unavailability of credit financial institutions. These threats are the main challenges faced by smallholder farmers in this study. Financial institutions claim that farming is a risky business; the distance of getting to farmers makes the evaluation procedure challenging, and strict principles in the aspect of collateral is a main challenge in providing credit to smallholder farmers. It is recommended that accessibility to credit by smallholder farmers be developed by providing advanced financing schemes that will address problems of smallholder farmers who do not have security and thus reduce lengthy processing of documents and other requirements. In this manner, smallholder farmers may be stimulated to use formal credit and decrease their dependence on informal moneylenders, thus avoid higher interest rates, which will positively lead to increased smallholder farm production and household income.
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Olowu, Akinseye Uwem. "Agricultural financing and performance in Nigeria : a case study of the agricultural credit guarantee scheme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8532.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Agricultural financing has a wide and deep history in Nigeria, owing to the fact that the Nigerian economy has huge potentials for growth especially from its agriculture sector which is the second largest contributor to GDP. Since the establishment of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme over 30 years ago, the total sum of 647,351 loans amounting to over N34 billion have been disbursed to farmers as at 2009. The result from this study shows that the guarantee scheme has been effective in providing agricultural financing as well as stimulating agricultural production in Nigeria. More specifically, the study found that, out of the five variables used in the models to determine agricultural performance, the credit finance provided under the ACGS and foreign exchange rates was found to be statistically significant to agricultural output. The credit provided under the ACGS has a significant effect on aggregate output; it was also found that the crop and the fishery subsectors are significantly affected by the credit finance provided under the ACGS, due to their short gestation period. However, the livestock and forestry subsectors do not have an immediate significant relationship with the credit finance due to their long gestation period; rather, they have a significant relationship with the depreciation of foreign exchange rates. A major policy implication from the study is that the government should continue to promote and support the operations of the ACGS to encourage farmers to invest their best efforts in agricultural production in Nigeria for food production and for enhanced agricultural export.
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Krumpelman-Farmer, Elaine L. "The investment horizon issue in user-owned organizations." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4162.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 10, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Nxumalo, Nosikhumbuzo. "Value chain financing : the case of the Komati Downstream Development Project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97441.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research examines agriculture value chain finance as it has been applied in the Komati Downstream Development Project. It seeks to assess whether the Komati Downstream Development Project has addressed the challenges of access to finance, markets and support services and enabled smallholder farmers in the project area to operate commercially. The Swaziland National Development Strategy of 1999 committed to increase investment in agriculture. The Komati Downstream Development Project was in line with this strategy. However, for smallholder farmers to commercialise they needed to first overcome the constraints they faced, which included access to finance, access to markets and access to both business and technical support. This research will contribute to future developments and decisions involving the increase of financial flows and investment to the agriculture sector in Swaziland and in other developing countries. This is an empirical research study primarily using a qualitative method to answer the research question. The research design included a review of documentary evidence from a desktop study to collect secondary data and a field study through face-to-face interviews to collect primary data. The primary data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. The organisations interviewed included ten farmers’ associations, the outgrower development department, Swaziland Industrial Development Company and Swaziland Water and Agriculture Development Enterprise. Content analysis was used to analyse the results identifying similar themes and patterns from the interview transcripts. Secondary data on the performance of the KDDP farmers with respect to production volumes and quality of produce was collected and analysed to answer the question whether the smallholder farmers had moved from operating at a subsistence level to a commercial one. The research findings show that the agriculture value chain finance approach as applied in KDDP has improved access to markets, access to finance and access to support and services, and, in the process, the smallholder farmers are now operating commercially. The farmers are able to engage with bigger markets for both inputs and outputs in large-scale sugarcane farming. However, notable findings were made with respect to access to finance and support. Most of the farmers reported the need for continued support by Swaziland Water and Agriculture Development Enterprise and training despite the need to wean them off. Regarding access to finance, farmers reported improved access with more financial institutions selling financial products to the farmers and wanting to finance them. However, none of the farmers’ associations interviewed had accessed additional funding from any of the financial institutions following the initial funding they had acquired. The farmers’ associations have instead turned to internal sources of funds. Though these challenges do not change the conclusion, they are of concern and need to be addressed.
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Zollinger, Lance M. "Probability of default rating methodology review." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18811.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Institutions of the Farm Credit System (FCS) focus on risk-based lending in accordance with regulatory direction. The rating of risk also assists retail staff in loan approval, risk-based pricing, and allowance decisions. FCS institutions have developed models to analyze financial and related customer information in determining qualitative and quantitative risk measures. The objective of this thesis is to examine empirical account data from 2006-2012 to review the probability of default (PD) rating methodology within the overall risk rating system implemented by a Farm Credit System association. This analysis provides insight into the effectiveness of this methodology in predicting the migration of accounts across the association’s currently-established PD ratings where negative migration may be an apparent precursor to actual loan default. The analysis indicates that average PD ratings hold relatively consistent over the years, though the distribution of the majority of PD ratings shifted to higher quality by two rating categories over the time period. Various regressions run in the analysis indicate that the debt to asset ratio is most consistently statistically significant in estimating future PD ratings. The current ratio appears to be superior to working capital to gross profit as a liquidity measure in predicting PD rating migration. Funded debt to EBITDA is more effective in predicting PD rating movement as a measure of earnings to debt than gross profit to total liabilities, although the change of these ratios over time appear to be weaker indicators of the change in PD rating potentially due to the variable nature of annual earnings of production agriculture operations due to commodity price volatility. The debt coverage ratio is important as it relates to future PD migration, though the same variability in commodity price volatility suggests the need implement multi-year averaging for calculation of earnings-based ratios. These ratios were important in predicting the PD rating of observations one year into the future for production agriculture operations. To further test the predictive ability of the PD ratings, similar regression analyses were completed comparing current year rating and ratios to future PD ratings beyond one year, specifically for three and five years. Results from these regression models indicate that current year PD rating and ratios are less effective in predicting future PD ratings beyond one year. Furthermore, because of the variation in regression results between the analyses completed for one, three and five years into the future, it is important to regularly capture ratio and rating information, at least annually.
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Cherry, Jenny Dee. "Ohio Secondary Agricultural Educator Perceptions of Integrating Science." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300772663.
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Akman, Geraldine. "Both sides now : gender relations in credit and agriculture cooperatives in rural Haiti." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39563.
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This dissertation applies the theoretical perspective of gender relations and develops methods to understand and analyze the movement of women from the center of social systems to its margins when these systems are undergoing rapid socio-economic and political change. This research responded to the pressing need for the application of newer, more appropriate theoretical and methodological perspectives to examine shifting power relations between women and men in areas undergoing transformation. In the case study, I investigate the locus of power in a system of cooperatives in the Departement du Nord, Haiti and discover how and why female members are being relegated to the periphery of this development programme. I find that a system of gender-based social power is causing unequal opportunities and oppressive power relations for female members in the cooperatives. I analyze how and why this system of social power causes conflict when the interests of female and male members differ in the cooperatives and I explore strategies for change. This dissertation also contributes to a greater understanding of the power dynamics which exist when one group holds different preferences and practices to the dominant group whose framework is the one considered acceptable in the society.
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Maia, M?rcio Monteiro. "Cara e coroa: O PRONAF B e os impactos na ocupa??o rural do munic?pio de Cear?-Mirim." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13545.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-29Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present work deals with study on the National Program of Reinforcement of Familiar Agriculture, Group B, referring it offers of agricultural credit the agriculturists who possess familiar prescription until R$ 2,000, 00, and its impact in the agricultural occupation of the city of Cear?-Mirim. From theoretical referencial regarding the agricultural occupation, it collects of data, application of questionnaires between the beneficiaries of PRONAF B and interviews with the involved actors, it was made possible ascertainment of the hypothesis of that the program in this modality of credit, is capable to provide only to the maintenance or diversification of the occupation in the familiar unit and not it generation of remunerated occupation not familiar. This research disclosed to the diverse possibilities of use of the credit and its impact in the agricultural occupation, exactly when it is deviated for other purposes not waked up next to the financial institution, generating impacts not waited, however positive. When destined to the waked up end, still new forms appear of way occupation to complement it the deriving familiar prescription of the main activity. Unable to discard the rise even though very small and informal, non-family gainful occupation. The knowledge is added of that exactly ahead of the easinesses of access to the social base of the program, many familiar agriculturists still find difficulties in the approval of the which had credit, on the other hand, the requirements of the financial institutions
O presente trabalho trata de estudo sobre o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar, Grupo B, referente a oferta de cr?dito rural aos agricultores que possuem receita familiar at? R$ 2.000,00, e seu impacto na ocupa??o rural do munic?pio de Cear?-Mirim. A partir de referencial te?rico a respeito da ocupa??o rural, coleta de dados, aplica??o de question?rios entre os benefici?rios do PRONAF B e entrevistas com os atores envolvidos, possibilitou-se a averigua??o da hip?tese de que o programa nesta modalidade de cr?dito, ? capaz de proporcionar apenas a manuten??o ou diversifica??o da ocupa??o na unidade familiar e n?o a gera??o de ocupa??o remunerada n?o familiar. Esta pesquisa revelou as diversas possibilidades de utiliza??o do cr?dito e seu impacto na ocupa??o rural, mesmo quando ? desviado para outras finalidades n?o acordadas junto ? institui??o financeira, gerando impactos n?o esperados, por?m positivos. Quando destinado ao fim acordado, surgem novas formas de ocupa??o de maneira a complementar a receita familiar oriunda da atividade principal. N?o foi poss?vel descartar o surgimento ainda que bastante restrito e informal de ocupa??o remunerada n?o familiar. Soma-se o conhecimento de que mesmo diante das facilidades de acesso ? base social do programa, muitos agricultores familiares ainda encontram dificuldades na aprova??o do cr?dito devido, em contrapartida, as exig?ncias das institui??es financeiras
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Capurro, Alejandro. "Comparing agricultural financing in Uruguay and New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2344.
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In 2008, New Zealand’s gross domestic product (GDP) was four times the size of Uruguay’s, and its export earnings were five times Uruguay’s. Nevertheless, agricultural products accounted for over 60% of export earnings for both economies. This highlighted the importance that the agricultural sectors of Uruguay and New Zealand had to their respective foreign trade sectors. The success with which both countries’ agricultural sectors solved their financial needs would be influential to their export sectors and overall economies. Through the use of expert interviews, a multiple-case study strategy was employed to carry out a comparative study of the agricultural financing systems of Uruguay and New Zealand. The findings revealed contrasting situations in both countries. Chief among them were the differences encountered in agricultural debt relative to agriculture’s contribution to total GDP in each country. In Uruguay this figure was 26% whereas in New Zealand it amounted to almost 400%. The differences found were largely attributable to the institutional frameworks in place in each country (i.e. the legal and cultural norms that structure political, social and economic interactions), as well as the historical contexts in which the institutions evolved. In Uruguay, the institutional framework limited producers’ possibilities of accessing bank credit due to restrictive central bank regulations. The lack of access to international credit markets by Uruguayan banks due to the country’s unfavourable credit risk rating was an additional factor which limited credit availability. These were largely a result of the financial crisis (and the subsequent recession) that had occurred in the region in 2002. Producers in Uruguay were able to access costlier seasonal capital and some medium-term capital from informal lenders such as cooperatives, processors and input suppliers. Nevertheless, if they required medium and long term credit, Uruguayan farmers needed to deal with the banking system. Furthermore, the high cost of registering mortgages, combined with long-term loan facilities that generally did not go for longer than ten years, resulted in a limited demand for high-volume, long-term credit on producers’ side. Almost the exact opposite situation was found in New Zealand. No great financial turmoil had affected New Zealand since the economic reforms of 1984, in which the economy in general was deregulated. An institutional framework which promoted access to credit, combined with a favourable country credit risk rating which promoted open access to overseas funding for banks, meant that the agricultural sector was able to expand its use of credit uninterruptedly since the early 1990s. Also, in contrast with the Uruguayan case, mortgaging of properties was relatively straightforward and inexpensive, and long term lending could be approved for terms of generally up to 20 years. These factors contributed to the expansion of rural credit in New Zealand. However, New Zealand’s agricultural debt was found to be greatly exposed to one subsector (the dairy farming sector). Moreover, the level of debt of New Zealand’s agricultural sector surpassed its contribution to GDP many times over, which raised doubts concerning the long-term sustainability of that level of debt.
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Park, William N. "Analysis of repayment ability for agricultural loans in Virginia using a qualitative choice model." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91054.
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Agricultural loans issued to farmers in Virginia from the years 1980-1985 are examined to determine the factors which significantly predict repayment ability. Through a review of literature, extension meetings, conferences and informal conversation with agricultural lenders in the state, a list of financial variables and operation characteristics is compiled and analyzed. Results of the analysis are considered in terms of their immediate and potential assistance to lenders in making loan decisions.
Using data from various commercial banks, Production Credit Associations and Farmers Home Administrations throughout Virginia, a model is developed to determine repayment ability of a borrower. Results indicate that several factors are significant in determining this process. Financial ratios such as percent equity, current debt, cash flow I and cash expense-cash receipt are important in determining if a borrower will repay his loan as scheduled. A number of operation characteristics were also found significant. These include: the number of creditors of the borrower, the amount of diversification of the operation and the amount of non-farm income. The results of the study should prove to be a significant aid to lenders and implies need for further research in the loan repayment area.M.S.
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Kashuliza, Anacleti K. "Rural credit in Tanzania : an analysis of policy and operational problems in financing smallholder agriculture." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296833.
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Maluf, Cintia 1980. "Análise do crédito do Programa para Redução da Emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa na Agricultura para o setor pecuário." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257123.
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Orientador: Mara de Andrade MarinhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: Esse trabalho aborda o tema da política de crédito rural no Brasil, tratando particularmente do Programa para Redução da Emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa na Agricultura (Programa ABC), instituído pelo Governo Federal em 2010. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar as condições gerais de financiamento do Programa ABC. Os objetivos específicos foram analisar a oferta e contratação de crédito no período de 2010/2011 a 2012/2013, e realizar uma análise setorial sobre a bovinocultura de corte, uma das principais cadeias produtivas da agropecuária brasileira e maior emissor de gases de efeito estufa. Com relação ao objetivo geral, verificou-se o protagonismo da ação e a característica inovadora do Programa ABC, como uma política de crédito rural na qual o consentimento do recurso é condicionado à adoção de boas práticas de manejo. Variações anuais nas condições de financiamento do Programa ABC, a saber a taxa de juros e prazos de carência e pagamento, tornaram-no mais atrativo ao longo do tempo. A respeito da contratação do crédito, os dados de execução do Programa ABC evidenciaram uma crescente demanda. Do montante ofertado no período entre as safras 2010/2011 a 2012/2013, de R$13,05 bilhões, foram executados 37% distribuídos em 16.445 contratos. No entanto, foram identificados como fatores limitantes ao seu desenvolvimento, a escassez de informações acerca do retorno financeiro de práticas preconizadas como ILP e ILPF, as especificidades da elaboração e análise dos projetos, bem como os entraves decorrentes da regularização ambiental e fundiária das propriedades contratantes. Os resultados obtidos da análise setorial da bovinocultura de corte no âmbito do Programa ABC, permitiram concluir que os prazos estabelecidos ao crédito são adequados aos ciclos de produção; e que suas linhas apresentaram características competitivas em relação aos demais programas de crédito rural para investimentos na bovinocultura de corte. Foi verificado ainda que os estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo podem vir a apresentar maior demanda para a contratação de recursos financeiros com vistas à implantação de sistemas integrados como ILP e ILPF. Contudo, a relação histórica entre a oferta de crédito oficial e o desenvolvimento da bovinocultura de corte brasileira sugere a necessidade de desenvolvimento de formas alternativas ao estímulo da mitigação da emissão de gases de efeito estufa, que não exclusivamente a oferta de financiamento. Neste contexto, ressalta-se a importância das pesquisas acerca das ações de coordenação da cadeia produtiva, a fim de sensibilizar consumidores quanto às externalidades positivas das atividades de baixo impacto, permitindo a precificação diferenciada dos produtos e consequente agregação de valor ao pecuarista
Abstract: This paper addresses the impact of rural credit policy in Brazil, in the area of Planning and Sustainable Rural Development, particularly in relation to the Federal-sponsored Program for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Agriculture (so-called ABC Program). Established in 2010, the Program aims to set nation-wide targets for reducing greenhouse gases emissions. This research was based on the overall objective to analyze the general conditions of financing the ABC Program. The specific objectives were based on the analyzes of the supply financial credit and contracting credit in the period 2010/2011 a 2012/2013, and a sectoral analysis of beef cattle breeding ¿ the sector is a major emitter of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated). With respect to the results, there was the role of action and innovative feature of the ABC Program as a rural credit policy in which the resource is conditional upon adoption of good management practices. Changes on the financing conditions offered by the ABC Program (i.e. interest rates and payback schedule) made it more attractive over time. Performance data of the ABC Program showed increased supply and borrowing of credit. The amount offered by the ABC Program between the 2010/2011 and 2012/2013 crops was U.S. $ 13.05 billion, of which 37 % were non-perfoming loans, distributed in 16,445 contracts. The main barriers for hiring ABC Program credit are the lack of knowledge about the Program, difficulties for developing and analyzing the projects, and barriers related to environmental and land regularization. In the time frame of the study, the hiring of credit increased, and the conditions for concession were adequate to finance production cycles from breeding to the complete cycle. The ABC Program showed competitive characteristics comparing with the other rural credit lines offered for beef cattle production. It was found that the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, and São Paulo may present increased demand financing integrated systems such as Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems and Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry Systems, as advocated by the Program. However, the historical relationship between the supply of rural credit and development of beef cattle in Brazil suggests the need to develop alternative forms of stimulus for mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases emissions. In this context, it emphasizes the importance of researching supply chain coordination; alerting consumers about the positive externalities of low-impact activities and allowing for differentiated product pricing and, ultimately, adding value to the farmer
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola
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March, Daniel Jackson. "Pollutant Monitoring of Effluent Credit Trading Programs For Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31228.
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This study discusses the monitoring requirements of an effluent credit trading system that allows
point source discharges to purchase effluent reductions by financing agricultural nonpoint source
best management practices. It describes the results of a national survey of existing trading
programs that assessed how each program determines nonpoint source baseline pollutant
discharges, pollutant reductions attributable to best management practices, verification of best
management practice(s) installation and maintenance activities, and how often this verification is
performed.
This study surveyed the nonpoint source discharge monitoring programs of several of the
successful effluent credit trading systems in the U.S. It documents and discusses specific
characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant discharge monitoring strategies. Finally, this thesis
compares trading program discharge monitoring characteristics to the current Virginia Cost-Share
nonpoint source monitoring program. The goal of this study is to recommend elements of
a nonpoint source discharge monitoring strategy to the Commonwealth of Virginia that can be
used in a trading program of its own.
The study shows that the majority of existing effluent credit trading programs use watershed
models and land use evaluation algorithms to indirectly monitor nonpoint source pollutant
discharges on a watershed basis rather than relying on empirical sampling and analysis activities
for individual farms of fields. Monitoring takes a variety of forms to provide the diverse
information necessary to indirectly determine nonpoint source discharges. Most trading
programs monitoring strategies are no more comprehensive than agricultural cost-share programs
even though many stakeholders believe that a trading programâ s monitoring activities should be
exact enough to determine contributions from individual nonpoint sources to support the
payments for individual activities. This objection is a barrier to the acceptance of trading
programs by the public. A Virginia trading program must enhance its agricultural best
management practice cost-share program monitoring practices to track nonpoint source
discharges from individual farms or fields to be accepted and successful.Master of Engineering
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Shay, Steven E. ""Here once the embattled farmers stood" the rise and fall of the Montana Freemen /." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/S_Shay_072808.pdf.
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Mapfumo, Alexander. "Agricultural expenditure for economic growth and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/422.
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A vibrant and an efficient agricultural sector would enable a country to feed its growing population, generate employment, earn foreign exchange and provide raw materials for industries. The agricultural sector has a multiplier effect on any nation's socio-economic and industrial fabric because of the multifunctional nature of agriculture. The main objective of this study was to investigate how government expenditure on agriculture has affected economic growth in Zimbabwe from 1980-2009. The Log linear growth regression model was employed where gross domestic gross was the dependant variable and the explanatory variables are the factors which affect it which include government agricultural expenditure. The expenditures of government on agriculture were divided into three functions namely extension, credit assistance and R & D. The regression analyses were performed using Econometric-views 7 (E-views 7) statistical package. Regression was carried out on time series data for the period 1980 to 2009. The data was tested for stationarity and for autocorrelation. Problems of non stationarity of data were corrected by integrating the trending series. Results from the empirical analysis provide strong evidence indicating that agriculture is an engine of economic growth. The results from this study suggest that spending more on agricultural research and development can improve economic growth and ultimately reduce poverty. However, it can also be concluded that insufficient government agricultural expenditure on extension and credit assistance adversely affected economic growth in Zimbabwe, based on the results of the study. Global experience with pro-poor growth and empirical work spanning India, Benin and Malawi demonstrates the importance of agricultural expenditure for poverty reduction in poor rural areas, while also pointing to the need for complementary non farm sector growth. This study also proposes a simple methodology to estimate the agricultural spending that will be required to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving poverty by 2015 (MDG1) in Zimbabwe. This method uses growth poverty and growth expenditure elasticities to estimate the financial resources required to meet the MDG1. The study attempts to address a key knowledge gap by improving estimation of first MDG agricultural expenditure at country level.
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Monge-Arino, Francisco Antonio. "Decoupled payments and agricultural output a dynamic optimization model for a credit-constrained farming household /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181821956.
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Spolador, Humberto Francisco Silva. "Reflexões sobre a experiência brasileira de financiamento da agricultura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-07052002-091407/.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a trajetória do crédito rural dos anos 60 até os dias de hoje, a fim de compreender a escassez de crédito do sistema atual, e as novas propostas em questão sob o enfoque dos modelos de competição imperfeita e assimetria de informação nos mercados de crédito. A natureza deste trabalho é essencialmente analítica, de forma que não foi estabelecido nenhum modelo empírico de teste e análise dos dados apresentados. Por outro lado, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura do crédito rural no Brasil e, também, uma revisão da literatura de teoria econômica sobre mercados de crédito ao longo dos últimos 20 anos. A falta de recursos do sistema tradicional de financiamento da agricultura é uma forte evidência do esgotamento do modelo tradicional. São vários os entraves para um novo sistema de financiamento, entre eles: uma legislação muito pouco adequada (que acaba por dificultar a concessão de empréstimos), o forte endividamento dos agricultores, os altos custos bancários de transação para concessão de empréstimos, a assimetria de informação no mercado e, no contexto macroeconômico, as altas taxas de juros praticadas na economia brasileira. A CPR (Cédula do Produto Rural), e o mecanismo de equalizações são importantes instrumentos em uma fase de transição de um sistema basicamente sustentado pelo Estado para um sistema cujos recursos sejam, em grande parte, gerados pelo mercado.The present work has for objective to study the path of the agricultural credit for the 60th until the present in order to understand the scarcity of credit in the current system, and the new proposals in question under the approach of the models of imperfect competition and asymmetry of information in the credit markets. The nature of this work is essentially analytical. In this context, it was not established and tested a empirical model or analysis of the data presented here. On the other hand, it was carried through a literature review about the agricultural credit in Brazil and the economic theory on markets of credit to the long one of last the 20 years. The lack of features in the traditional system of agriculture financing is one strong evidence of the debility of the traditional model. There are several impediments for a new system of financing, as: a smaller adjusted legislation (that results in difficulting the concession of loans), the strong indebtedness of the agriculturists, the high banking transaction costs for concession of loans, the asymmetry of information in the market and, in the macroeconomic context, the high taxes of interests practised in the Brazilian economy. The CPR (Cédula do Produto Rural), and the mechanisms of equalization are important instruments in the transition of a system supported basically by the State to a system whose features are, to a large extent, generated for the market.
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Yossuck, Pradtana. "Factors contributing to the viability of farmer associations in Northern Thailand : multiple case study /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9964015.
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Davis, Bill. "The feasibility of crop insurance agency acquisitions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14043.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Crop insurance, in recent years, has displaced U.S. federal farm program payments as the most important safety net for net farm income. The business climate that crop insurance purchasers and providers face in the future is one of increasing premiums for producers and decreasing commissions for crop insurance companies and agents. The primary objective of this thesis is to assess the desirability of crop insurance agency acquisitions to increase market share for Farm Credit Services of America, considering the significant uncertainties in the future subsidy levels and commission levels for these products. Financial analysis and modeling crop insurance agency acquisitions is completed under a wide range of future economic and political scenarios. The wide range of assumptions, however, does contribute to a wide range of potential purchase prices and rates of return on crop insurance agency acquisitions. The crop insurance industry faces uncertainty in the future and general industry profitability will likely decline. However, an expansion strategy in a period of reduced commissions can be profitable if acquisitions are priced appropriately and can be made in locations where existing support services can be leveraged to support the acquisition.
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Brandão, Janaína Balk. "O FINANCIAMENTO DE ATIVIDADES RURAIS NÃO AGRÍCOLAS NO PROGRAMA RS RURAL NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8848.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis work approaches the subject of the new functions of the Brazilian agricultural space; being more specific it is about non-agriculturists rural activities practiced in some rural establishments. The focus of this study was the financings granted for the RS rural program used for the development of non-agriculturists rural activities in the central region of the RS. In a first moment, it was made a preliminary analysis in the selected data - secondary source - supplied by the service of computer science of RS rural program, in a period from January, 1999 to March, 2004. In this sense, it was identified the types of financial activities, the cities benefited for the program in the central region, the beneficiary public as well as the values financed for the program. The results of this inquiry demonstrate that, from the sum of resources financed for income generation, 63% had been destined to non-agriculturists rural activities and only 37% of the resources were destined exclusively for the farming production. 76% of the beneficiary public for the RS agricultural program are in the family farming category, and concerned with the financings for the non-financed griculturists activities, we have 87% as representation of the family farming. Related to the modalities of non-financed agriculturists activities, 52% of beneficiary public had accessed financings for the implementation of agro- industries, 19% for artesanate s practice, 19% for commercial promotion and 10% for other activities considered for the program as micro industrials. The inquiry continued in the qualitative direction of getting information related to the social situation, motivations and aspirations of the people benefited for the program. For this, it was made 19 interviews. These interviews were made by means of questionnaires. The choice of the interviewed ones was based on a directed sample, having as criterion the familiar agriculturist category, the representation of the financed activities and the financed sum. Thus, ten families of farmers with activities related to the agro-industry, three families of farmers who works with an artesanate s practice, more three families with financings for the micro-industrial production and three interviewed families that were tied with the commercial promotion. The analysis of these interviews demonstrate that the search for non-agriculturists alternatives mainly occur due to: the interest in generating and/or complementing the income, facing up some conditions, as the small available area for agriculture; and also for the interest in taking to advantage and occupying the available time and even as an attempt to "escape" from difficulties concerned with some agricultural works.
Este trabalho aborda o tema das novas funções do espaço rural brasileiro, tratando-se mais especificamente das atividades rurais não agrícolas praticadas nos estabelecimentos rurais. O foco do estudo foi os financiamentos concedidos pelo Programa RS Rural para desenvolvimento de atividades rurais não agrícolas na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Em um primeiro momento foi realizada uma análise preliminar nos dados fonte secundária - fornecidos pelo serviço de informática do Programa RS Rural para o período de Janeiro de 1999 a Março de 2004. Identificou-se assim os tipos de atividades financiadas, os municípios beneficiados, o público beneficiário bem como os valores financiados pelo programa. Os resultados da investigação demonstram que do montante de recursos financiados para geração de renda 63%, foram destinados à atividades rurais não agrícolas e apenas 37% dos recursos foram destinados exclusivamente à produção agropecuária. Do público beneficiário do programa RS Rural, 76 % encontra-se dentro da categoria agricultor familiar, e relacionado especificamente aos financiamentos para atividades rurais não agrícolas, temos uma representatividade da agricultura familiar de 87%. Com relação às modalidades de atividades não agrícolas financiadas, 52% do público beneficiário acessou financiamentos para a viabilização de agroindústrias, 19% para artesanato, 19% para a promoção comercial e 10% para atividades consideradas pelo programa como microindustriais. A investigação prosseguiu no sentido qualitativo de se obter informações relacionadas à situação social, motivações e aspirações das pessoas beneficiadas pelo Programa. Para tanto, foram realizadas 19 entrevistas. A escolha dos entrevistados baseou-se em uma amostra dirigida, tendo como critério a categoria agricultor familiar, a representatividade das atividades financiadas e o montante financiado. Assim, foram entrevistadas dez famílias de agricultores com atividades vinculadas à agroindústria, três famílias de agricultores ligados ao artesanato, mais três famílias com financiamentos para produção microindustrial e três famílias entrevistadas vinculadas à promoção comercial. Os dados das entrevistas demonstram que a busca por alternativas não agrícolas se dá principalmente pelo interesse em gerar e/ou complementar a renda, frente a alguns condicionantes do estabelecimento, como a pequena área disponível para a agricultura. Entretanto, também pelo interesse em aproveitar e ocupar o tempo disponível e mesmo como uma tentativa de fuga da penosidade advinda de alguns trabalhos agrícolas.
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Campos, Rodrigo Ferrarini de. "Pronaf : indices de financiamento e caracteristicas da distribuição do credito rural no Brasil de 1996 a 2001." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257531.
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Orientador : João Luiz CardosoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O Pronaf, Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar, foi criado para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura familiar, mediante o apoio financeiro das atividades agropecuárias e não agropecuárias. No entanto, desde a sua criação, em 1996, o grau de financiamento para custeio das lavouras familiares, proporcionado pelo Programa, apresentou grande variabilidade entre as unidades da federação, sobrepujando-se, principalmente, a região Sul do Brasil. O trabalho foi elaborado a partir de dados dos Anuários Estatísticos do Crédito Rural, publicados pelo Banco Central do Brasil, referentes aos anos de 1996, quando foi criado o Programa, até 2001 (último ano de dados disponíveis quando da elaboração do estudo). Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi analisar as características da participação dos recursos do Pronaf no Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR). Além disso, foram analisadas as características próprias da distribuição dos recursos financeiros do Programa. Neste caso, foram calculados e analisados índices gerais que caracterizaram os valores médios dos contratos, os números de contratos e o grau de financiamento, no âmbito do Pronaf, por unidade da federação. Para o cálculo dos índices gerais, foram utilizadas as metodologias de Laspeyres, Paasche e Fisher, aplicadas ao caso específico do financiamento. Os resultados indicaram que, embora tenha ocorrido um substancial aumento no número de contratos realizados para a agricultura familiar no Brasil, não houve uma contrapartida distributiva desse montante. Assim, verificou-se que a desconcentração do crédito de custeio familiar, na região Sul, vem ocorrendo de forma bastante lenta. Além disso, alguns estados da região Norte e Nordeste perderam grande parte dos recursos financeiros concedidos pelo Programa em 2001, sendo que as culturas mais afetadas foram aquelas mais importantes na alimentação popular. Finalmente, espera-se que o Plano Safra para a Agricultura Familiar 2003-2004 contribua ainda mais para minimizar a falta de recursos enfrentada pelo Programa, mas será fundamental que a Secretaria de Agricultura Familiar concentre esforços na maior divulgação e distribuição dos recursos financeiros entre as unidades da federação, sobretudo para aquelas pertencentes às regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil
Abstract: The Pronaf, National Program of Improvement of Familiar Agriculture, was created to promote the development sustainable of familiar agriculture, by means of the financial support of the farming and not farming activities. However, since its creation, in 1996, the degree of financing for expenditure of the familiar farmings, proportionate for the Program, presented great variability enters the units of the federacy, being distinguished, mainly, the South region of Brazil. The work was elaborated from data of Statistical Yearbooks of the Agricultural Credit, published for the Brazilian Central Bank, referring to the years of 1996 the 2001. In this context, the general objective of the work was to analyze the characteristics of the participation of the resources of the Pronaf in the National System of Agricultural Credit. Moreover, the proper characteristics of the distribution of the financial resources of the Program had been analyzed. In this in case that, they had been calculated and analyzed general indices that had characterized the average values of contracts, the contract numbers and the degree of financing, in the scope of the Pronaf, for unit of the federacy. For the calculation of the general indices, the methodologies of Laspeyres, Paasche and Fisher had been used, applied to the specific case of the financing. The results had indicated that, even so a substantial increase in the contract number has occurred carried through for familiar agriculture in Brazil, did not have a distributive counterpart of this sum. Thus, it was verified that the redistribution of the credit of familiar expenditure, for is of the South region, comes occurring of sufficiently slow form. Moreover, some states of the region North and Northeast had lost great part of the financial resources granted by the Program in 2001, being that the affected cultures more had been the those most important ones in the popular feeding. Finally, one expects that the Plan Harvest for Familiar Agriculture 2003-2004 contributes still more to minimize the lack of resources faced by the Program, but will be basic that the Secretariat of Familiar Agriculture concentrates efforts in the biggest spreading and distribution of the financial resources between the units of the federacy, over all for that pertaining to the regions North and Northeast of Brazil
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Jarvis, Marilyn Adams. "Credit risk-rating system for agricultural leases." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020554/.
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Odeh, Oluwarotimi Omoniyi. "Credit rating in an agricultural credit institution : methods and issues /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Akudugu, Mamudu Abunga. "Farm credit and agricultural productivity in Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715414.
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Farias, Fernando Rodrigo. "O PRONAF e o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar do município de Flor da Serra do Sul Pr." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2010. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/107.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-03Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The National Program to Strengthen Family Farm (PRONAF) has provided a new economic dynamic for the Brazilian family farming. This policy of financialization was an important moment in the history of Brazilian agrarian structure, especially regarding small farms, as it represented the possibility of overcoming the lack of credit, lived during the financial crisis of the 1980s and the 1990s, expanded the credit to this new clientele. In that sense, this study investigates the importance of the development of family farming in the city of Flor da Serra do Sul / PR, in the period 2000 to 2009. We try to show them new perspectives that have arisen with the PRONAF about economic growth, possibility of structural changes in the productive system, their political bases and changes in quality of life of farmers benefited. Furthermore, we identified and analyzed contradictions that prevent a more comprehensive and efficient action of program resources, with an indication for the need of a job whose scope to reach the postaccess to finance.
O Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) tem proporcionado uma nova dinâmica econômica para a agricultura familiar brasileira. Esta política de financeirização constituiu um momento importante na história da estrutura agrária brasileira, principalmente em relação as pequenas propriedades, pois representou a possibilidade de superação da falta de crédito, vivida durante a crise financeira da década de 1980 e que em meados da década de 1990, expandiu-se o crédito à esta nova clientela. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou analisar a importância do programa para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar do município de Flor da Serra do Sul/ PR, no período de 2000 a 2009. Procuramos demonstrar quais novas perspectivas que surgiram com o PRONAF quanto ao crescimento econômico, possibilidades de alterações estruturais no sistema produtivo, suas bases políticas e as alterações na qualidade de vida dos agricultores beneficiados. Além disso, foram identificadas e analisadas contradições que impedem uma ação mais abrangente e eficiente dos recursos do programa, com indicativo para a necessidade de um trabalho cuja abrangência atingisse a fase pós-acesso aos financiamentos.
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Ternoski, Simão. "Estratégias de melhoria da renda da agricultura familiar: análise a partir da base social da CRESOL/Prudentópolis." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/629.
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O surgimento da economia de mercado, fez com que o contexto social da agricultura fosse
alterado, principalmente, em suas formas de organização do trabalho e da produção. A
submissão produtiva às economia de mercado determinam as estratégias de diversificação dos meios de vida na agricultura familiar e requerem esforços no sentido de ampliar as
capacitações em busca de uma maior potencialidade do viver. O mercado provoca privações das oportunidades que podem agravar ou auxiliar as situações de pobreza rural, desta forma, pergunta-se: as estratégias de diversificação adotadas pelas famílias rurais conseguem reduzir
as vulnerabilidades e elevar a renda? A partir deste problema, as seguintes possíveis respostas foram buscadas: (1) Agricultores com renda mais concentrada apresentam menor renda total;(2) Os agricultores pluriativos possuem renda mais elevada que os agricultores monoativos;
(3) Agricultor com melhor acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida apresenta maior renda. Para tanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as estratégias de melhoria da renda rural entre os cooperados da Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária – CRESOL/ Prudentópolis – PR. Como resultado, identificou-se que: (1) a diversificação dos meios de vida permite aos estabelecimentos níveis de renda mais elevados, avançar na pluriatividade se
torna positivo no sentido de elevar a renda; (2) o índice de diversificação da renda não esta relacionado com maiores níveis de renda; (3) quanto a expansão do acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida, considerados entre o capital humano, social, ambiental, físico e financeiro, (variáveis exógenas), conclui-se que nem todos explicam na mesma proporção a renda total (variável endógena), mas, os capitais que explicaram a renda apresentaram parâmetros de explicação considerados altamente significativos.The emergence of a market economy, has made the social context of agriculture were changed, especially in its forms of organization of work and production. Submission productive market economy determine the diversification strategies of livelihoods in agriculture, family and require efforts to expand the capabilities in pursuit of greater potentiality of living. The market causes deprivation of opportunities that may exacerbate or assist rural poverty situations thus ask: diversification strategies adopted by rural households can reduce vulnerabilities and increase income? From this problem, the following possible answers were sought: (1) Farmers with more concentrated income have lower total income,(2) Farmers pluriativas have higher income farmers monoativas; (3) Farmer with better access to resources livelihoods has higher income. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify strategies to improve rural income among the cooperative's Rural Credit Cooperative Interaction with Solidarity - CRESOL / Prudentópolis - PR. As a result, it was found that: (1) diversification of livelihoods allows institutions of higher income levels, advancing pluriactivity becomes positive in order to raise revenue, (2) the index of income diversification is not associated with higher levels of income, (3) and expanding access to resources for livelihoods, considered among the human, social, environmental, physical and financial, (exogenous variables), it follows that not all explain the same proportion of total income (endogenous variable), but explained that the capital income of explanation presented parameters considered highly significant.
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BERNARDES, Alexandre Câmara. "Política agrícola e endividamento rural, um estudo na região de Rio Verde." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/413.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-09The Brazilian agriculture, inside its business segment, has a similar dynamic of others economic sectors in the country. Through this, it was necessary an introduction of a main credit system, named as Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR). The way it was institutionalized present itself serious problems, with a great imbalance between the manse collected resources and the credits borrowers. About this particularities , it comes true in Brazil from 1980 the state inability to maintain this politics, adding to this fact, it comes up pressure from Word Bank and Internacional Monetary Fund stands modification of economic order, causing in the agriculture sector an accumulation of agreement. In 1994 is introduced the real plan, to establish the economic and control the inflation, jointly, the state makes a renegotiation of the rural debits known as Securitização and Pesa . Between 2002 and 2004, the sector to rise and recover, but due to its a sanitary problems, dry spell and sector pressure, the State deferments in 2004, 2005 and 2006 some of agriculture credit operations, managing the rural producers to a new accumulation of financial agreement. Groups linked to the production and financial sector has been demanding a solution to the problem, arguing that the same is a result of macroeconomics politics. A second slope brings up that: the problem bonds to the SNCR privatization, constitutes its instruments of credit fomentation. This lecture is a study of the mentioned subject, aim at the identification of some mechanism that comes up to feed this debit process, investigating how the permission of the costing credits, investments and the marketing in 2003/04, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 had been done, which arrangement adopted by the agricultures to the financing and refinancing of the agriculture activity. The research technique used consisted of a survey. Concludes that the situation in the work of farmers may be affected by many factors such as back of public resources, absence of mechanisms for attracting new resources and frequent trading of debit. We tried to show that the rise of new farms of agriculture funding and investments, resulting in increased fragmentation of rural credit and contributing to the current framework sector debt
A agricultura brasileira, dentro de seu segmento empresarial, possui uma dinâmica semelhante a outros setores econômicos do país. Para tanto foi necessária a criação de um sistema de crédito preferencial, conhecido como Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR). Da forma como foi institucionalizado apresenta sérios problemas, com grande desequilíbrio entre as fontes de captação de recursos e tomadores do crédito. Dada estas particularidades, verifica-se no Brasil a partir de 1980 a incapacidade do Estado em manter tais políticas, somado a isso, surgem pressões do Banco Mundial e Fundo Monetário Internacional propondo modificações de ordem econômica, desencadeando crises financeiras e de desabastecimento, causando no setor agrícola um acúmulo de compromissos. Em 1994 é lançado o plano real, com o intuito de estabilizar a economia e controlar a inflação, conjuntamente o Estado executa uma ampla renegociação dos débitos rurais conhecidas como Securitização e Pesa . Entre 2002 a 2004, o setor dá sinais de crescimento e recuperação, mas devido a problemas sanitários, de estiagem e pressões do setor, o Estado prorroga no ano de 2004, 2005 e 2006 algumas destas operações de crédito, conduzindo o produtor rural a um novo acúmulo de compromissos financeiros. Grupos ligados à produção e ao setor financeiro vêm reivindicando uma solução para o problema, argumentando que o mesmo é resultado de políticas macroeconômicas. Uma segunda vertente traz a tona que: tal problema se vincula a privatização do SNCR, na forma de seus instrumentos de fomento ao crédito. Esta dissertação é um estudo do referido tema, objetivando a identificação de alguns dos mecanismos que podem alimentar este processo de endividamento, averiguando como foi feita a concessão dos créditos de custeio, investimentos e comercialização nos anos de 2003/04, 2004/05 e 2005/06, metodologicamente o desafio deste trabalho foi a análise, a partir deste recorte histórico, de quais os arranjos adotados pelos agricultores para o financiamento e refinanciamento de sua atividade. A técnica de pesquisa utilizada constituiu-se de um survey . Concluiu-se no trabalho que a situação dos produtores rurais pode ser afetada por diversos fatores como: falta de recursos públicos; ausência de mecanismos para a captação de novos recursos e frequentes renegociações de dívidas. Procurou-se mostrar que a ascensão de novas formas de custeio agrícola e investimentos, resultaram num incremento e pulverização do crédito rural contribuindo para o atual quadro de endividamento do setor.
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Coulomb, Christine Annie. "Agricultural credit in Romania during the period of transition : farmers' access to credit." Thesis, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269795.
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Msulwa, Baraka. "The impact of credit constraints on agricultural productivity in Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20085.
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This paper uses a nationally representative sample of agricultural businesses in Tanzania to empirically investigate the determinants of credit constraint status and its impact on agricultural productivity. In particular, we directly elicit the nature of the credit constraints experienced by crop producers. Subsequently, we evaluate the effect on crop output value per hectare using an endogenous switching regression model, which simultaneously estimates the likelihood of being credit constrained and its impact on productivity. The results provide evidence that the relaxation of all credit constraints would significantly enhance agricultural productivity; hence, contributing favourably to rural development, poverty alleviation, and the improvement of living standards in Tanzania. Moreover, consideration of only quantity constraints was shown to underestimate the full impact of credit constraint status in the presence of transaction costs and risk constraints. We advocate for the Tanzanian agricultural policy framework to adopt a broader definition of credit constraint status in pursuit of agricultural and economic development.
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Machado, Marcelo Zavanela Pereira. "Agricultura de baixa emissão de carbono: uma investigação sobre financiamento e potenciais benefícios." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16416.
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O objetivo geral do presente trabalho é comprovar a hipótese de que é possível proporcionar proteção de renda ao produtor rural e adição de carbono no solo a partir da análise de dados secundários. Além disso, pretende-se investigar a possibilidade de facilitar a concessão de crédito em projetos que aplicam técnicas do Plano ABC sob a ótica de quem atua diretamente no atendimento aos produtores rurais no Banco do Brasil; analisar se está havendo um acompanhamento satisfatório do resultado positivo do crédito rural aplicado através do Programa ABC; e investigar formas de converter as emissões de GEE evitadas e o carbono armazenado no solo em valor agregado para o produtor tomador do crédito do Programa ABC. Para atingir o objetivo geral, foram analisados dados secundários obtidos de SENAR; EMBRAPA; IMEA (2014) e dados fornecidos de um experimento conduzido por pesquisadores da unidade da EMBRAPA. A análise dos resultados de SENAR; EMBRAPA; IMEA (2014) mostrou que apesar de ter ocorrido o efeito da proteção da renda no período de uma safra, 2009/2010, não se pode confirmar a hipótese de que as tecnologias ABC aplicadas na unidade produtiva são capazes de proporcionar proteção de renda ao produtor rural ao longo de vários ciclos produtivos. A partir dos resultados fornecidos pela EMBRAPA, não se pode confirmar a hipótese de que as tecnologias ABC aplicadas nas propriedades estudas são capazes de proporcionar adição de carbono ao solo. No entanto, diversos estudos indicam que há ganhos de estoques de carbono em solos bem manejados. O crédito do Programa ABC merece tratamento diferenciado junto as instituições financeiras, necessita também de acompanhamento, após a liberação do crédito, que vai além da simples fiscalização que verifica o andamento dos empreendimentos, mas mensurar se está havendo redução das emissões e captura de carbono nas áreas financiadas. E por último, o setor financeiro e os demais agentes das cadeias produtivas devem proporcionar valor agregado aos produtores que aplicam as boas práticas agronômicas do Plano ABC.
The overall objective of this study is to prove the hypothesis that it is possible to provide income protection to farmers and addition of carbon in the soil from the secondary data analysis. In addition, we intend to investigate the possibility of facilitating the granting of credit in projects applying techniques of the ABC Plan from the perspective of those who work directly in service to farmers at Banco do Brasil; consider whether there is a satisfactory monitoring of the positive result of the rural credit applied through the ABC Program; and investigate ways to convert GHG emissions avoided and carbon stored in the soil in added value for the producer applying credit ABC Program. To achieve the overall objective, secondary data obtained were analyzed; from SENAR; EMBRAPA; IMEA (2014) and provided data from an experiment conducted by researchers from EMBRAPA. The results of SENAR; EMBRAPA; IMEA (2014) showed that although there was the effect of income protection in the period of 2009/2010 harvest, we can not confirm the hypothesis that the ABC technologies applied in the production unit are able to provide income protection to producers country over many production cycles. From the results provided by EMBRAPA, we can not confirm the hypothesis that the ABC technologies applied in the studied properties are able to provide addition of carbon to the soil. However, several studies indicate that there is carbon stocks gains in well-managed soils. The ABC Program credit deserves special treatment from the financial institutions also need to follow up after the credit release, which goes beyond simple monitoring that checks the progress of the projects, but measuring it is with a reduction of emissions and carbon capture in areas funded. Finally, the financial sector and other agents of production chains should provide added value to producers who apply good agricultural practices of the ABC Plan.
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Weng, Rongrong. "An empirical investigation of credit constraints in the rural credit market in Guizhou China." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18759.
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It is commonly held that rural households in China, especially poorer households, have been credit rationed by formal lenders. This study examined factors that determine a household's propensity to borrow using a formal loan and the likelihood of being credit rationed. The analysis is based on data from a survey of households in Guizhou province. The results suggest that the likelihood to borrow is mainly dependent on household resilience to income volatility, and the likelihood to be credit rationed mainly depends on the household's ability to repay the loan and creditworthiness. In addition, lower-middle-class farmers are the most constrained group. For those households taking formal loans, the purposes of agricultural production and consumption-smoothing are equivalently important in Rural Guizhou.En Chine, il est tenu commun que les ménages ruraux, particulièrement les plus pauvres, ont été crédités rationnement par les prêteurs formels. Cette étude examine les facteurs de la détermination de la propension d'un ménage d'être qualifié pour un prêt formel et de la probabilité d'être crédité rationnement. Cette analyse est basée sur des données d'une étude des ménages dans la province de Guizhou. Les résultats suggèrent que la probabilité à emprunter dépend principalement de la résilience du ménage à la volatilité du revenu et que la possibilité d'être crédité rationnement est dépendant primordialement de la capacité du ménage de rembourser le prêt, puis de son solvabilité. En outre, les fermiers de bas-moyen-classe sont les plus touchés par les contraintes de crédit. Pour les ménages qui prennent les prêts formels, ils ont le but d'établir une production d'agricole et une consommation régularisée qui sont équivalemment important dans le Guizhou rural.
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Cunha, Luiz Alexandre Gonçalves. "O Credito Rural e a modernização da agricultura paranaense." [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27081.
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Sotak, Michael Alan II. "ALLY OR ANTAGONIST? BANKING AND ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN AGRICULTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406910957.
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Araujo, Ayana Zanúncio. "Impacto da política pública de agricultura familiar nas relações dos agricultores : uma análise fundamentada na Teoria da Empresarização." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108192.
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O tema da pesquisa é a política pública de crédito rural para a agricultura familiar. O estudo consistiu em uma análise do processo de empresarização, descrito por Abraham (2006) e Solé (2000; 2008), estendido às pequenas unidades produtivas agrícolas desde a instituição do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). A Teoria da Empresarização foi a referência adotada para que se pudesse colocar em evidência a empresa, destacando traços e relações sociais que lhe são peculiares: autonomização da esfera econômica, mito fundador da escassez, racionalidade moderna, propriedade privada, mito do progresso e as relações de assalariamento, dominação, concorrenciais, funcionais e impessoais. O estudo foi realizado em dois municípios gaúchos, Maquiné e Nova Santa Rita, reconhecidos pela produção de gêneros de olericultura, popularmente conhecidos como legumes e verduras. O principal procedimento de coleta do material empírico ocorreu por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, mas também foram empregados outros procedimentos, como a observação, a confecção de um caderno de campo, a consulta a documentos e o levantamento de dados secundários sobre os municípios. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a política é permeada pelos traços da modernidade relacionados ao fenômeno de empresarização, influenciando as relações estabelecidas pelos agricultores com as pessoas, com o tempo, o espaço, o trabalho, etc. Nesse sentido, as relações de exploração – que no campo não se manifestaram sob um caráter explícito e formal de assalariamento – o individualismo, o produtivismo, a eficiência puderam ser associados e estas relações que se estabelecem e se intensificam a partir da utilização do crédito. Verificou-se que a política de financiamentos favorece indiretamente as empresas do varejo alimentar e que as condições de acesso dos agricultores aos mercados são determinadas pela estruturação e pelo poder de mercado exercido pelo varejo. Por fim, observou-se que os agricultores com experiência de ação política conseguiram, em algumas situações, através de sua organização fazer frente a alguns aspectos da empresarização difundidos pela política pública.The research theme is the rural credit public policy for family farming. The study cosisted in an analysis of the enterprisation processs as described by Abraham (2006) and Solé (2000; 2008), which has been extended to small agricultural production units since the establishment of the Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) [National Program to Strengthen Family Agriculture]. Entreprisation theory was the reference adopted to put the evidence on the entreprise, highlighting its peculiar traits and social relations: the autonomy of the economic sphere, the founding myth of scarcity, modern rationality, private property, the myth of progress and the remuneration, domination, competitive, functional and impersonal relations. The study was conducted in Maquiné and Nova Santa Rita, two cities in the gaucho state that are recognized for producing horticulture genera, popularly known as vegetables. The main procedure to collect empirical material was by conducting semi-structured interviews, but other procedures were also employed such as observation, making a field notebook, documents consultation and the collection of secondary data on the municipalities. The research results indicate that the policy is permeated by traces of modernity related to the enterprisation phenomenon, that is influencing the relationships established by farmers with people, with time, space, work, etc. In this sense, the relations of exploitation – that were not expressed in the field as an explicit and formal character of remuneration – individualism, high productivity, efficiency could be associated and these relations are developed and intensified from the use of credit. It was found that the funding policy indirectly favors the retail food business and that the conditions of farmers' access to markets are determined by the structure and the market power exercised by retailers. Finally, it was observed that farmers with experience of political action in some situations and through their organization succeeded in dealing with some aspects of enterprisation disseminated by public policy.
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Kalbus, Jeffrey Huber. "Credit subsidies and transaction costs: a policy perspective for two agricultural credit programs in Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487857546386128.
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Tabor, Mary Dalton. "A comprehensive analysis of the market for agricultural credit in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44089.
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The market for agricultural credit in Virginia was analyzed
to provide market intelligence to financial institutions which
extend credit to Virginia farmers. The agricultural environment
in the U.S., the South, and Virginia were reviewed concerning
the effect of current agricultural sector transition on
producers, lenders, agribusinesses, and rural communities. The
agricultural credit delivery system in Virginia was studied.
The credit use and needs of Virginia farmers and agricultural
customers of three Virginia banks were also evaluated.
The market for agricultural credit in Virginia was found to
be stable. Virginia agriculture is in relatively good financial
condition, benefiting from the state's diverse and strong
general economy. The use of agricultural credit varied
demographically, with one-half of Virginia farmers owing no
agricultural debt. Virginia farmers considered Interest rates
most important te iender selection and desired the
implementation of financial services such ae tax planning,
estate planning, and financial management seminars. Statistical
analysis revealed the presence of market segmentation variables
but failed to definitely identify segments. Bank customer
survey group responses varied from those of Virginia farmers in
general and from each other.
Challenges facing Virginia agricultural lenders include
adapting to the new agrlcultural environment, meeting the
changing needs of the modified customer base, and competing with
new sources of credit.
A synopsls of recent studies and statistical information
concerning U.S., Southern, and Virginia agrlculture and results
of the 1987 Virginia Agricultural Credit Use and Needs Survey are included.Master of Science
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Condon, Andrew Michael. "Property rights and the investment behavior of U.S. Agricultural Cooperatives." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115032/.
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Mbogo, David K. "Explaining use or non-use of farm credit by small scale farmers in the Nyeri district of Kenya /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020305/.
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Gueslin, André. "Crédit, agriculture et mutualisme en France des années 1910 aux années 1970." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594019f.
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Balestra, Mônica Regina Gonzatti. "Efeitos da aquisição de tratores agrícolas por meio do Pronaf Mais Alimentos na região Central do Rio Grande do Sul – da economia à segurança." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3769.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Com o aquecimento da economia e com os subsídios advindos do governo, a agricultura familiar foi estimulada a se inserir no mercado, de forma mais organizada e competitiva. No aspecto social, representa uma retomada aos valores da terra e do meio ambiente, pois produz em menor escala e de forma diversificada. Com a demanda por produtos originados da agricultura familiar e com a facilidade na aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, a pequena propriedade rural está substituindo o trabalho realizado de forma braçal pela realização de tarefas de forma mecanizada. Fatores como a escassa mão de obra, a demanda por alimentos e o mercado de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, expandido pelos incentivos fornecidos pelo Governo Federal, proporcionaram que esses estabelecimentos se tornassem mais produtivos, aderindo à mecanização parcial ou total de suas atividades. Desta forma, este estudo teve como principal objetivo diagnosticar como a aquisição de tratores agrícolas por meio do Pronaf Mais Alimentos modificou o cenário e a economia das propriedades rurais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através de análise de 243 projetos para aquisição de tratores agrícolas, elaborados pela Emater/Ascar-RS, que utilizaram a linha de crédito do Pronaf Mais Alimentos na Região Centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Na pesquisa de campo desenvolvida em 69 propriedades rurais verificou-se que mesmo com a parcela do financiamento adquirido, a renda bruta anual das propriedades aumentou e os cultivos característicos das propriedades foram alterados. Constatou-se que na tomada de decisão de escolha do trator são considerados os fatores potência e valor disponível do financiamento, não sendo considerada o tamanho da propriedade e os custos com manutenção do trator adquirido. A modernização da propriedade rural através da aquisição do trator agrícola deveria reduzir o desgaste físico e os riscos ocupacionais do trabalho executado no campo. Contudo, ao analisar os modelos adquiridos foram encontrados níveis muito baixos em relação a conformidade com normas técnicas e regulamentadoras, demonstrando que embora sejam máquinas novas, os seus projetos não estão considerando melhorias que façam com o que trabalho rural seja realizado com maior conforto e segurança.
With the economic recovery and the benefits arising from the Federal Government, the Family Agriculture was encouraged to enter the market in a more organized and competitive way. In the social aspect, it is a return to the values of the land and the environment because family farmers produce in smaller scale and with more diversity. With the demand for products originating from family farming and with the ease of acquisition of machinery and equipment, the small farm is replacing hand work by mechanized tasks. Factors such as the limited manpower, the demand for food and agricultural machinery and equipment market, which expanded by incentives provided by the Federal Government, made that these farms become more productive by joining the partial total mechanization of their activities. Thus, this study aimed to diagnose how the acquisition of tractors through Pronaf Mais Alimentos changed the landscape and the economy of rural properties. The work was developed through analysis of 243 projects for the acquisition of agricultural tractors that use the credit line Pronaf Mais Alimentos elaborated by the rural extension agency Emater/Ascar-RS in central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. In field research conducted in 69 rural properties we found that even considering the portion of the acquired funding, the annual gross income of the properties increased and the characteristic cultivation crops of the properties have changed. We found that in making tractor choice decision the factors considered were the engine power and value of available funding, not considering the size of the property and the maintenance costs of the purchased tractor. The modernization of rural property by acquiring the tractor should reduce physical wear and occupational risks of the work performed in the field. However, when analyzing the acquired models we found very low levels of compliance in relation to technical and regulatory standards, demonstrating that although they were brand new machines, their designs are not considering improvements in order to provide rural work with greater comfort and safety
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Nagarajan, Geetha. "Informal credit markets in Philippine rice growing areas." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1249498212.
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Kim, Juno. "A credit risk model for agricultural loan portfolios under the new Basel Capital Accord." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2276.
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The New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) provides added emphasis to the
development of portfolio credit risk models. An important regulatory change in Basel II
is the differentiated treatment in measuring capital requirements for the corporate
exposures and retail exposures. Basel II allows agricultural loans to be categorized and
treated as the retail exposures. However, portfolio credit risk model for agricultural loans
is still in their infancy. Most portfolio credit risk models being used have been developed
for corporate exposures, and are not generally applicable to agricultural loan portfolio.
The objective of this study is to develop a credit risk model for agricultural loan
portfolios. The model developed in this study reflects characteristics of the agricultural
sector, loans and borrowers and designed to be consistent with Basel II, including
consideration given to forecasting accuracy and model applicability. This study
conceptualizes a theory of loan default for farm borrowers. A theoretical model is
developed based on the default theory with several assumptions to simplify the model.
An annual default model is specified using FDIC state level data over the 1985 to
2003. Five state models covering Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, and Nebraska areestimated as a logistic function. Explanatory variables for the model are a three-year
moving average of net cash income per acre from crops, net cash income per cwt from
livestock, government payments per acre, the unemployment rate, and a trend. Net cash
income generated by state reflects the five major commodities: corn, soybeans, wheat,
fed cattle, and hogs. A simulation model is developed to generate the stochastic default
rates by state over the 2004 to 2007 period, providing the probability of default and the
loan loss distribution in a pro forma context that facilitates proactive decision making.
The model also generates expected loan loss, VaR, and capital requirements.
This study suggests two key conclusions helpful to future credit risk modeling
efforts for agricultural loan portfolios: (1) net cash income is a significant leading
indicator to default, and (2) the credit risk model should be segmented by commodity
and geographical location.
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Silva, Amanda Cristina da. "Dilemas da agricultura familiar irrigada no Projeto Jaíba, MG." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4204.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-06Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Conceived in the decade of 70, the Jaíba Project today constitutes the biggest public project of irrigation in continuous area of Latin America. Enterprise is about one mega that until the current days not yet brought the waited return. Of one it forms generality, can be noticed that much contradiction exists when it is said of Jaíba Project. Either in the media, periodicals, books, in the research and the stories, hardly have a consensus: some detach positive aspects, others stand out the negatives. In this direction, it was objectified with this research to detach, under the optics of the leaderships of the seated agriculturists and the technician who act in this project of irrigation, the reality of the familiar agriculture irrigated of the Jaíba Project, considering its results and implications in the life of the agriculturists. The attainment of the data was made by means of half-structuralized interviews, beyond bibliographical the documentary analysis and of the technique of not participant comment. From the collected ones, the dissatisfaction of the agriculturists with regard to the current situation of the Jaíba Project could be perceived; although they believe that some alternatives come if detaching, and that, with the orientation of the assistance technique, they will have conditions to revert this situation. For this, they consider important the support of the government, mainly in the direction of the aiming of specific politics that stimulate the capital stock and adjust the financial capital to the reality of irrigated familiar agriculture, respecting the particularities and potentialities of its public-target.
Concebido na década de 70, o Projeto Jaíba constitui hoje o maior projeto público de irrigação em área contínua da América Latina. Trata-se de um mega empreendimento que até os dias atuais ainda não trouxe o retorno esperado. De uma forma geral, pode-se notar que existe muita contradição quando se fala de Projeto Jaíba. Seja na mídia, nos jornais, livros, nas pesquisas e nos relatos, dificilmente há um consenso: uns destacam aspectos positivos, outros ressaltam os negativos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa destacar, sob a ótica das lideranças dos agricultores assentados e dos técnicos que atuam neste projeto de irrigação, a realidade da agricultura familiar irrigada do Projeto Jaíba, considerando seus resultados e implicações na vida dos agricultores. A obtenção dos dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, além da análise documental e bibliográfica e da técnica de observação não participante. A partir dos coletados, pôde-se perceber a insatisfação dos agricultores com relação à situação atual do Projeto Jaíba; embora acreditem que algumas alternativas vêm se destacando, e que, com a orientação da assistência técnica, terão condições de reverterem essa situação. Para isso, considera importante o apoio do governo, principalmente no sentido do direcionamento de políticas específicas que estimulem o capital social e adequem o capital financeiro à realidade da agricultura familiar irrigada, respeitando as particularidades e potencialidades de seu público-alvo.
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Mundo, Neto Martin. "Crédito para agricultura familiar: um estudo no município de São Carlos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3680.
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Previous issue date: 2004-11-22The Brazilian green revolution, started in the 60 s, was based on a pattern that favored large producers and those who could get integrated to rising agri-industrial complexes. In the middle of the 90 s, the creation of PRONAF (National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture) aimed at supporting farmers who had frequently been excluded from agricultural policies, mainly subsidized credit. In spite of the creation of PRONAF and other similar programs, only a small part of family farmers have obtained benefits. Credit access is regarded as essential to family farmers success. Thus, the present work intends to comprehend the obstacles for family farmers to access credit, as well as the alternatives adopted by producers to finance their activities. Theoretical foundation was provided by New Institutional Economics and by studies on family agriculture and rural credit. Empirical data on family farmers in the municipality of Sao Carlos-SP were analyzed from three samples, comprising a total of 132 farmers. Moreover, agents related to rural credit (such as extension service personnel, bank managers, rural union representatives, cooperative members and private companies) were interviewed. Tested hypothesis were separated into two groups. The first is related to obstacles in accessing credit: bank requirements which are not easy to be accomplished by farmers; inappropriate payment conditions; farmers aversion to risks; asymmetry of information (farmers does not know credit options and credit agents does not know the target public); passive attitude by credit agents; and lack of technical assistance. The second group of hypothesis refers to alternatives adopted by farmers: use of complementary income sources, deriving from off-farm activities; and access to informal credit market. Only the hypothesis referring to inappropriate payment conditions was not confirmed. Besides confirming the other hypothesis, empirical data allowed for new findings, such as the incorrect view of family farmers which prevails among local operators of subsidized credit lines. Lack of information is one of the main constraints to credit access. Both farmers and farmers organizations do not know several operational aspects of special credits programs. Also, it was found that farmers suppliers were an important source of credit to family smallholders.
O modelo de desenvolvimento agrícola adotado no Brasil a partir da década de 1960 favoreceu, especialmente, os grandes produtores e aqueles que gradativamente se integraram aos complexos agroindustriais em formação. Em meados da década de 90, a criação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar -PRONAF teve o propósito de atender um grande número de agricultores que, quase sempre, foram excluídos das políticas agrícolas, principalmente o crédito subsidiado. Entretanto, mesmo com a criação do PRONAF, e de programas similares no âmbito dos estados, apenas uma pequena parcela dos agricultores familiares vem sendo beneficiada. Considerando o acesso ao crédito como fundamental para o sucesso e desenvolvimento dos agricultores familiares, o objetivo desse trabalho é procurar compreender as razões que levam os agricultores familiares a terem dificuldades para acessá-lo e as alternativas adotadas pelos agricultores para o financiamento das suas atividades produtivas. O aporte teórico para o trabalho foi fornecido pelos conceitos da Nova Economia Institucional e pelos estudos sobre a agricultura familiar e crédito rural. Os dados empíricos relacionados aos agricultores familiares do município de São Carlos-SP foram analisados a partir de três amostras distintas compreendendo informações sobre um total de 132 agricultores familiares. Além disso, foram entrevistados agentes correlatos ao crédito rural, tais como extensionistas, gerentes de banco, sindicalistas, representantes de cooperativas e empresas privadas. As hipóteses testadas foram divididas em dois grupos. O primeiro está relacionado às dificuldades para acessar o crédito: exigências bancárias difíceis de serem atendidas pelos agricultores, condições de pagamento inadequadas, aversão ao risco por parte dos agricultores, assimetria de informação (agricultores desconhecem opções de crédito e agentes financeiros desconhecem o público alvo), atitude passiva dos agentes financeiros e ausência de assistência técnica. O segundo grupo de hipóteses está relacionado às alternativas adotadas pelos agricultores: utilização de fontes de rendas complementares, oriundas de atividades produtivas desenvolvidas fora da unidade de produção, e acesso ao mercado de crédito informal. Apenas a hipótese relacionada às condições de pagamento inadequadas não foi comprovada. Além de comprovar as demais hipóteses, os dados empíricos possibilitaram a identificação de novos problemas, destacando-se a visão equivocada sobre o perfil da agricultura familiar do município, que prevalece entre os representantes dos principais operadores locais das linhas de crédito subsidiado. A falta de informação sobre os programas de crédito rural tanto entre os agricultores como entre as organizações de representação e de extensão rural é um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo baixo número de contratos de crédito rural realizados no município. A pesquisa também constatou que os fornecedores de insumos são uma importante fonte de crédito para os agricultores familiares.
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Ahmad, Zulfiqar. "Modelling the impact of agricultural policy at the farm level in the Punjab, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389368.
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