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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture Agricultural credit'
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1
Badrudin, Redy, Bambang Sumantri, and Meiliza Cecilia. "ANALISIS PERAMALAN DAN PERMINTAAN KREDIT SEKTOR PERTANIAN PADA PT.BRI (PERSERO) UNIT KEPAHIANG I." Jurnal AGRISEP 3, no. 2 (September 6, 2004): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.3.2.82-91.
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The study was aimed to Know growth and forecast the amount of demand for agricultural sector credit at PT. BRI (Persero) Unit Kepahiang I, and (2) examine factors influencing for agricultural sector credit. Data was secondary data from 1993 up to 2003. Ratio to Moving Average Method, Double Exponential Smoothing with moved period 3 monthly and regression function of Non Doubled Linear were used. Results of research indicates that growth of demand for agricultural credit at PT. SRI (Persero) Unit Kepahiang I tend to fluctuate. Forecasting of demand for agricultural sector creditb to period quarterly at 2003 till 2004, tend to have experience decreasing significantly compare to previous period. Overall of factors influencing demand of agricultural sector is rate of interest level (X1), price level (X2), and agriculture product exchange rate (X3), while earning level (X4) does not have an effect on demand Key Words: BRI, Forecasting, demand for credits,agricultura/s , sectors
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Oyelade, Aduralere O. "Impact of commercial bank credit on agricultural output in Nigeria." Review of innovation and competitiveness 5, no. 1 (2019): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/ric.2019.51/1.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigated the impact of commercial bank credits on agricultural output in Nigeria over the period 1980 to 2015 by setting three specific objectives which are to examine the trend of commercial bank credit and agricultural output in Nigeria; to investigate the effect of commercial bank credit on agricultural output in Nigeria and to investigate the effect of commercial bank credit on subsector of agriculture in Nigeria. The trend analysis and the impact of commercial bank credit on subsector of agriculture in Nigeria make this work unique and different from other studies in this area. Trend analysis was used to achieve the first objective and fully modified ordinary least square (OLS) for objective two and three. Methodology. The study employed Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) approach. Findings. It was evidenced that interest rate on commercial banks’ credit to agriculture and deposit money bank’s assets are statistically significant in determine agricultural output in Nigeria within the period considered. Also, commercial bank loan on agriculture and deposit money bank’s assets determine the output of crop production in Nigeria; commercial bank loan on agriculture and interest rate on commercial banks’ credit to agriculture determine the output of livestock production in Nigeria and commercial bank loan on agriculture and interest rate on commercial banks’ credit to agriculture determine the output of forestry in Nigeria while commercial bank loan on agriculture and interest rate on commercial banks’ credit to agriculture determine the output of fishing in Nigeria. Limitations. This study is limited because the study does not include other variables that determine the output of agricultural sector in Nigeria. Also, other theories and methods can still be used by other researcher to make it different from this work. Originality. This is an original work and has neither been published in any other peer-reviewed journal nor is under consideration for publication by any other journal.
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DOKUZLU, SERTAÇ. "The Agricultural Credit System in the Ottoman Empire between 1863 and 1888." Rural History 28, no. 2 (October 2017): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793317000139.
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AbstractAgricultural credit organisations are paramount to every country because agriculture must operate under threats of risk and uncertainty. When small-scale family farms are dominant, all types of agricultural organisations become important to keep farmers’ incomes at a reasonable level and encourage agricultural development. Midhat Pasha understood the importance of agricultural organisations, and he created a well-designed system for agricultural credit. He is the founder of Homeland Coffers that distribute credits to farmers. The original side of these credit organisations was capital accumulation and the methods of using it. Capital for these Coffers were provided by the joint actions of credit users. Midhat Pasha connected two cooperatives while the production cooperative provided capital for Homeland Coffers, they operated as a credit cooperative for twenty-five years in the Ottoman Empire. This credit organisation helped development of agriculture and provided many social benefits to the rural area.
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Celestin, N'GORAN Koffi. "Financial Credit in Agricultural Development in Côte D'ivoire." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i3.18984.
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Agriculture has long been Côte d’Ivoire’s main source of export income and the first largest sector providing employment. For several decades, Ivorian agriculture remained unmodernized. The modernization of agriculture requires both public and private funding. Despite some efforts, financing of agriculture is not effective in Côte d'Ivoire due to the lack of real commitment from the private sector and commercial banks. The results showed that in the long-term agricultural credit and other variables have a positive and significant influence on agricultural added value. It is therefore recommended to increase agricultural credit and extend it to small producers.
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Lokesha and Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar. "Impact of factors on the utilization of agricultural credit of banks: an analysis from the borrowers’ perspective." Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(1).2019.16.
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Agricultural credit is required for the development of agriculture scenario in any economy. Commercial, cooperative and regional rural banks have extended agricultural credit to the farmers in Dakshina Kannada district of India. The effectiveness of agricultural credit system depends on the utilization of credit funds by the borrowers. The present study made an attempt to understand the factors influencing the utilization of agricultural credit of banks in Dakshina Kannada. The study used primary and secondary data. Primary data are gathered from the borrowers of banks operating in Dakshina Kannada district. The study found that there is an impact of demographic, agriculture and agricultural credit factors on the purpose of utilization of agricultural credit in Dakshina Kannada district.
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Osabohien, Romanus, Adesola Afolabi, and Abigail Godwin. "An Econometric Analysis of Food Security and Agricultural Credit Facilities in Nigeria." Open Agriculture Journal 12, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501812010227.
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Background:It is a known fact that the efficiency of credit facility positively contributes to production base of a sector, especially the Nigerian agricultural sector which is recognised as the heartbeat of the economy by employing over 70% of the country’s labour force; this forms the motivation for this study.Objective:This study examined the potential of agricultural credit facilities in terms of commercial bank credit to agriculture and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) and their corresponding interest rates to farmers towards increasing agricultural production as the pathway to food security in Nigeria.Method:The study employed the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric approach on the time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 1990-2016.Result:The result from ARDL showed that commercial banks credits and ACGSF increased food security by 8.12% and 0.002% respectively, while population reduces food security by 0.001%.Conclusion:The study concluded that population should be controlled through family planning and adequate financing of the ACFSF by the government and monitor commercial banks leading interest rates on credit facilities.
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S. Mashinini, Mary, Sotja G. Dlamini, and Daniel V. Dlamini. "The Effects of Monetary Policy on Agricultural Output in Eswatini." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 55 (May 15, 2019): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.55.94.99.
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The agricultural sector in Eswatini is viewed as an engine to foster economic growth, reduce poverty and eradicate inequality. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of monetary policy on the agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Eswatini using annual data for the period starting from 1980 to 2016. Using the Vector Error Correction model (VEC), the empirical results indicated that in the long run, agriculture GDP, exchange rate, interest rate, inflation, broad money supply, and agriculture credit have a negative effect on agriculture GDP in Eswatini. In the short run the study indicated that the variation in agriculture GDP is largely significant caused by the lagged agricultural GDP, interest rate, exchange rate as well as inflation. Money supply and agriculture credit contribute 0.46% and 0.55%, respectively to the variation in agricultural GDP. The study recommends that programs aimed at availing affordable credit to farmers should be prioritized to cushion the agriculture sector against adverse monetary policy shocks in the short to medium term, specifically interest rates, to ensure continuous production.
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Saima Khan and Dr Shiv Kumar. "Impact of Banking Sector Reforms on Agriculture and Sources of Agricultural Credit." January 2021 7, no. 01 (January 29, 2021): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst070132.
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Agriculture industry plays an important role in the Indian economy and Banks can play an important role in bringing agricultural revolution, in removing indifference of wealth. Utilization of high technology and modern equipment in agriculture brings about production growth. Indian economy is emerging as one of the leading economies of the world which makes progress of agriculture sector very crucial. In an economy like India where agriculture is subsistence, Finance is considered as the basic ingredient for increase in agricultural productivity. Therefore, it becomes the main responsibility of the country is to provide strong support to this sector. Though impressive significant strides have been achieved in terms of spread network and outreach of institutions, the qualities of flow of financial resources to agriculture continue to be inadequate. The growth of agricultural credit in India depends mainly on Government intervention. Banking sector reforms directly affected the agricultural sector. This paper describes the effects of various banking sector reforms on agriculture and sources of agriculture credit.
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Čechura, L. "The role of credit rationing in Czech agriculture – the case of large agricultural enterprises ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 10 (February 17, 2012): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5054-agricecon.
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The article is concerned with the analysis of the role of credit rationing in Czech agriculture on the case of large agricultural enterprises. The part of results, first presents the author’s derivation of the theoretical model (model CR-AS), which represents a good tool (approach) for the analysis of credit rationing on sector level. Second, the focus on large agricultural enterprises and relevant characteristic of agriculture ask for a small adjustment of the derived model CR-AS in the part of model application. Third, the adjusted model is expressed numerically by the employment of econometric methodology. The estimation of the model is made per partes. The co-integration is used for fitting the Cobb-Douglas production function, which embodies the long run production characteristics of large agricultural enterprises. The CR<sup>D</sup>curve is derived based on the stability assumption of the production function that is essential considering the recursive nature of the model. Finally, the specified model is employed in the ex-post analysis of the impact of credit rationing on production level of large agricultural enterprises. The outputs of the analysis suggest that, in average, the group of large agricultural enterprises might not be directly influenced by possible presence of credit rationing on the agricultural loan market. Nevertheless, that might not be the case of small and middle enterprises. The analysis continues with the investigation of possible meeting of credit rationing within both the group of large agricultural enterprises and the group of small and middle enterprises and stresses his implications. Furthermore, the role of the PGRLF (Support and Guarantee Farm and Forestry Fund) is analysed and discussed on the subject of reduction of credit rationing phenomena on the agricultural loan market.
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Hadrich, Joleen C., Joseph Janzen, Xiaoli Liao Etienne, and Elizabeth Yeager. "Agricultural credit and the changing landscape of American agriculture." Agricultural Finance Review 78, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-08-2018-100.
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Javed, Sumbal, Muhammad Tariq, and Saima Urooge. "The Role of Public Spending and Credit Disbursement in the Agriculture Sector of Pakistan." Global Economics Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2017(ii-i).04.
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The current study explores the role of public spending and credit disbursement in the agricultural production of Pakistan during the period 2000 to 2016. In this study, Agriculture Production Growth (APG) is the dependent variable while real GDP, government expenditure, labor force participation and agricultural credit are the independent variables. The stationarity of the data has been investigated through the ADF test. Following this, hypotheses were tested through the ordinary least squares method. In addition, the robustness of the results is ascertained by conducting an LM test and CUSUM stability tests. The findings showed that government expenditure and agriculture credit put expansionary effects on agricultural production in Pakistan. It is suggested that the government should increase expenditures in the agriculture sector for the development of agricultural sector production and economic development of the country.
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Gunes, Erdogan, and Hormoz Movassaghi. "Agricultural Credit Market and Farmers’ Response: A Case Study of Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i1.84-92.951.
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Agriculture is an important sector in Turkey’s economy. Access to credit financing is critical for timely acquisition of different inputs, farm productivity, and ultimately farmers’ financial well-being. Historically, Ziraat Bank and Agricultural Credit Cooperatives, supported by Turkish government, have been the principle supplier of loanable funds in the agricultural sector. However, since 2000, many private banks have discovered the potential of this market and entered the competition. This study was designed to investigate the structure of the agricultural credit market in Turkey and identify factors that influence farmers’ preference among alternative lenders. It was found that although the 550 Turkish farmers surveyed had several options among lenders, low interest rates and attainable eligibility criteria emerged as the most important differentiators among banks. Results from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) demonstrate the rising role of private banks’ credit. However, Ziraat Banks’ subsidized credits still dominant and its composite weight is 30.74% of total amount of agricultural credit market.
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F., Obioma I., Ihemeje J. C., Ogbonna C. I., Amadi C. O., and Hanson U. E. "Effect of Agricultural Financing on the Performance of Agricultural Sector in Nigeria." Journal La Bisecoman 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v2i2.360.
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The study examined the effects of agricultural financing on the performance of agricultural sector in Nigeria using annual time series data. The data for the study was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Contribution of agriculture to GDP was used as proxy for the performance of agricultural sector, commercial banks loan to agriculture, rain fall, government expenditure to agriculture and interest rate were used as proxy for explanatory variables. Following unity in the order of integration, Johansen cointegration approach was used to check for the long run relationship among the variables. Vector autoregressive estimate the vector correction mechanism was used to examine the speed of adjustment of the variables from the short run dynamics to the long run equilibrium. The study found that there is long run relationship among the variables. Specifically; there is significant and long run effect of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme on Contributions of agriculture to GDP. Commercial banks loans to agriculture showed positive and significant effect on Contributions of agriculture to GDP within the reference period. The coefficient of multiple determinations explained the variation in the dependent variable jointly explained by the independent variables. The study recommend that there should be increase in the amount which the agricultural credit guarantee scheme inject into the sector on annual basis and proper supervisory measures should be constituted in order to ensure efficient application and use of the money.
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George-Anokwuru, Chioma Chidinma. "Deposit Money Banks’ Credit and Agricultural Output in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): p230. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v1n1p230.
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Agriculture was the mainstay of the Nigerian economy before the period of oil boom. But after the oil boom, growth and development in agriculture has been constrained by high interest rate by deposit money banks as well as in ability to access credit or loan by farmers. This scenario led to increase in unemployment, poverty and food shortage. Given these problems, the paper examined deposit money banks’ credit and agricultural sector output in Nigeria from 1985-2015. To this effect, secondary data on agricultural sector output, deposit money bank’s credit to agricultural sector, interest rate and money supply was collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The data collected was analyzed by the econometrics techniques of Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, co-integration test and parsimonious Error Correction Model. The unit root and co-integration tests show that all the variables were stationary and co-integrated. The parsimonious Error Correction Model results show that the regression coefficient of deposit money bank’s credit to agricultural sector in explaining its contribution to agricultural output is positive and statistically significant at 5 percent level. The regression coefficient of interest rate appeared with negative sign but statistically not significant. Also, the coefficient of money supply is positive and significantly related with agricultural output. Based on these findings, the paper recommends amongst others that; there should be continuity and consistency of macroeconomic policy measures in the agricultural sector especially in the area of sectorial allocation of credit as well as single digit interest rate target. Also, government should domesticate Food and Agriculture O’s recommendation of 25 percent of capital allocation to agricultural development in order to increase the agricultural production and hence economic growth and development.
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Oseghale, Ihayere, Ugege Joseph, and Abu Prince. "DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 5 (June 4, 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i5.2020.123.
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Aligning with Goal two of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs2) to accomplish zero hunger by the year 2030. This research dives deeper into how Agriculture can be sustained to actualize SDGs2 through the assistance of depository Institutions. The results show that deposit money bank loans, deposit money bank loans rate, exchange rate, government expenditure and agricultural credit sector fund have pose positive effect on agricultural output, only the duo of exchange rate and agricultural credit sector fund indicate a significant impact on agricultural output at the 5% level of significance while deposit money bank loans have a slightly positive significant effect on agricultural output at approximately 10% level of significance. This implies that across the period under investigation, deposit money bank loans, exchange rate and agricultural sector credit fund impose significant and positive contribution to agricultural output.
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Akram, Khadija, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal, and Muhammad Munawar Hayat. "The Role of Formal and Informal Credit in Agriculture Sector: A Case Study of District Faisalabad, Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei0301214.
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The study aims to examine the role of formal and informal credit in the agriculture sector. The agriculture sector is considered the backbone of the economy of Pakistan. Credit is used as the most important source to enhance the productivity of the agriculture sector. Primary data were collected after choosing a sample of respondents of formal and informal credit users from district Faisalabad. It was observed from the literature that the disbursement of credit to farmers has a more important and effective role in agricultural output. So to check this impact the study in hand was carried out. The study also includes an exploration of the role of formal and informal credit on the productivity and profitability of farmers. The data were collected from 100 formal credit borrowers and 50 informal credit borrowers from district Faisalabad. Primary data were collected randomly through a well-designed questionnaire from farmers. Multiple regression analysis was used for the estimation of the results. This method was used to estimate the role of formal and informal credit in the agriculture sector. The results showed that annual income increased after getting the loan. The focus of the study was to investigate the role of formal and informal credit in the agriculture sector. The result showed that informal credit was more convenient in terms of timely availability of loans, less distance to travel, less time delay, and no specific securities. In this way, this study concluded that formal and informal credit has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, and the trend of agriculture credit has been gradually increased has a positive impact on income.
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Egwu, P. N., Bernard E. Nnabu, B. N. Mbam, and S. U. Nwibo. "Credit rationing by deposit money banks and implication on agricultural output in Nigeria." Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 19, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v19i1.8.
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The study examined the effects of credit rationing by deposit money banks on the performance of agriculture in Nigeria using secondary data between 1981 and 2016 obtained from the CBN Statistical bulletin. The study applied both Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root test to determine the order of integration of each variable, Johansen cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were employed to determine if there is a long run, the short-run relationship between credit rationing and agricultural output. The result showed that all the variables were integrated of order one. The results revealed that credit rationed for fishery has a short-run significant impact on agricultural output while credit rationed for cash crops, food crops, and livestock do not have a significant short-run impact on agricultural output. The findings further revealed that credit rationed for cash crops and livestock farming significantly decline agricultural output to the tune of 26.48% and 75.87% in the long run while credit rationed for food crops and fishery significantly result in 43.52% and 41.89% rise in agricultural output in the long run. Therefore, the study recommends the establishment of special financial institutional to give unconditional loans to farmers, raise credit rationing for food crop production above the current ceiling, and emphasis should be on exchange rate liberalization policy that will shift consumption from imported agricultural produce to local agricultural produce. These measures will promote farmers’ access to funding which will invariably translate to a rise in agricultural output.
Keywords: Credit, Rationing, Money Deposit Bank, Agriculture, Output, Nigeria
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Ahrendsen, Bruce L., Bruce L. Dixon, and LaDerrek T. Lee. "Independent Commercial Bank Mergers and Agricultural Lending Concentration." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 31, no. 2 (August 1999): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008506.
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AbstractIn an era of rapid consolidation in banking, the effect of mergers on the availability of credit to agricultural businesses is unclear. Commercial bank mergers have profoundly altered the urban credit marketplace and are positioned to do the same for the agricultural credit marketplace. Adjustment models are estimated with data on independent bank consolidations from 1988 through 1995. The regression results bode well for agricultural lending if acquiring banks have larger concentrations of assets in agriculture than acquired banks. Conversely, if acquiring banks have smaller concentrations than acquired banks, acquisitions have a negative impact on agricultural lending. Since most acquiring banks have smaller agricultural loan concentrations than acquired banks, there is concern for agricultural lending. However, other lenders are likely to fill credit gaps that develop.
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Kumar, Amit, Dipak Kumar Bose, Jahanara Jahanara, and Saloni Sarraf. "AWARENESS OF THE RESPONDENTS TOWARDS ACTIVITIES OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY IN PATNA DISTRICT OF BIHAR." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i8.001.
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Agriculture being the backbone of Indian economy also acts as the core of Bihar’s economy, employing 77 per cent of the work force and generating 35 per cent of the state domestic product. Meanwhile, the modernization and improvement of agriculture needs considerable investment. Whereas, Indian agriculture remained as poor man’s occupation institutional credit plays an important role in agricultural development. Thus, Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) provide cheaper credit to agriculture. Descriptive research design is adopted. 120 respondents from Baruna, Chipra and Faziabad in Sampatchak block of Patna district in Bihar was purposively selected for the study since it had more number of co-operative society are present as compared to others. The primary data were collected with the help of interview schedule and the responses were recorded, classified and tabulated and appropriate statistical tools were employed. The results indicated that 48.33 per cent of the respondents were aware of the functions of the co-operative society and 45 per cent of the respondents opined that the co-operative society performance was average in marketing of agricultural products. It also implied that rules, regulations and laws should be enacted and standardized for better regulation of co-operative societies.
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Awunyo-Vitor, Dadson, Ramatu Mahama Al-Hassan, Daniel Bruce Sarpong, and Irene Egyir. "Agricultural credit rationing in Ghana: what do formal lenders look for?" Agricultural Finance Review 74, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-01-2013-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of agricultural credit rationing by formal lenders in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – This study employed descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Heckman's two-stage regression model to identify types of rationing faced by farmers and investigate factors that influence agricultural credit rationing by formal financial institutions. Data used in this study are gathered through a survey of 595 farmers in seven districts within Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Findings – The result reveals that farmers face three types of rationing. Evidence from the Heckman two-stage models shows that engagement in off farm income generating activities, increase in farm size, positive balances on accounts and commercial orientation of the farmers has the potential to reduce rationing of credit applicants by formal lenders. Practical implications – The results provide information on the factors that need to be considered as important in an attempt to reduce agricultural credit rationing by formal lenders. Originality/value – The value of this study is that farmers would use the results of this study to improve access to required amount of agricultural credit from formal financial institutions. The information would also benefit stakeholders in the agricultural sector, particularly youth in agriculture program organized by Ministry of Food and Agriculture in Ghana as how to improve access to credit and reduce rationing of program participants by formal financial institutions.
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Rajagukguk, Wilson. "Agriculture and regional economic growth in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 06037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125806037.
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The Republic of Indonesia consists of 34 provinces in 514 districts with diverse economic characteristics. The objective of this research is to analyze the association between agriculture sector and regional economic growth in Indonesia. The data source was from the Indonesia Database for Policy and Economic Research (INDO-DAPOER) of the World Bank. The study covered the period between 2001 and 2008. The province total gross domestic product (GDP) excluding oil and gas was used as the outcome variable. The covariates were grouped into agricultural and development variables. The agricultural variables were total agricultural credit, number of people employed in agriculture, forestry and fishery, and agriculture function expenditure. Meanwhile, the development variables were percentage of household with access to safe water and literacy rate for population age 15 and over. The data analysis method was the generalized least square multiple regression with random effects. The results of the study indicate that the Indonesia’s province GDP increased every year. In addition, higher economic growth was associated with higher total agriculture credit, larger number of people employed in agriculture, forestry and fishery, higher agricultural function expenditure, higher percentage of household with access to safe water, and higher literacy rate for population age 15 and over.
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Kakar, Mehmood, Adiqa Kiani, and Asia Baig. "Determinants of Agricultural Productivity: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan’s Economy." Global Economics Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2016(i-i).01.
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This article examines the determinants of the total productivity of the agriculture sector which enhances the total agricultural productivity in Pakistan and analyzes the relations among variables used for the analysis from 1990 - 2017. The application of the auto regressive distributed lag technique ARDL was used to approximate various determinants. The area under cultivation, fertilizer consumption, agriculture credit, and rainfall show a positive effect on agriculture productivity, whereas agriculture employment and pesticide consumption show a positive but statistically insignificant effect on agricultural productivity in the long run. While in the short-run all determinants have a positive and significant effect on total agriculture productivity convergence towards equilibrium is shown by error correction term is 0.829.
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Ma, Hengyun, Jikun Huang, and Les Oxley. "Capital Formation and Agricultural Growth in China." Asian Economic Papers 12, no. 1 (January 2013): 166–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00200.
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The paper considers the role and determinants of capital formation in Chinese agriculture and, in particular, the effects of capital formation on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The results show that capital investment in agriculture by both government and farmers has risen significantly in the past two and a half decades, particularly in recent years. As China remains in the early stages of agricultural policy transition, its political economy would suggest that there will likely be more public investment in, and more subsidies to, agriculture in the coming years. Increased public investment in agriculture appears to have also induced increased farmers' capital formation in agriculture. Credit policy, the overall growth of farmer's income, rural wages, and comparative advantage of commodities are important factors that may facilitate farmers' investment in agriculture. The results also show that the successful growth of China's agriculture has been associated with its high TFP growth. Both public and private agricultural capital formations have played an important role in raising China's agricultural productivity. The TFP decomposition analyses show that technological change is a primary driver of the TFP growth in China's agriculture.
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Berlinschi, Ruxanda, Johan Swinnen, and Kristine Van Herck. "Trapped in Agriculture? Credit Constraints, Investments in Education and Agricultural Employment." European Journal of Development Research 26, no. 4 (August 7, 2014): 490–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2014.30.
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Omankhanlen, Alex Ehimare. "Agricultural Investment Risk Relationship to National Domestic Production." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 2, no. 2 (April 2013): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2013040105.
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This empirical case study investigated the uncertainty of agricultural investment schemes in Nigeria and their relationship to national domestic production. Government administrations have invested a substantial amount of money into the agricultural sector, yet thus far, there have been very few visible results to show for it. The private sector does not seem to be interested in developing agriculture even with government incentives. The purpose of this study is to identify investment risk factors for national agriculture development as perceived by business stakeholders. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was then used to examine the strength of the cause-effect relationship for the agricultural investment factors in terms of expected domestic production. The findings were that there was no significant relationship between commercial bank credit granting to businesses for agricultural development and therefore no impact on national domestic production. On the other hand, the regression analysis did support the hypotheses that there was a significant relationship between government funding towards the agricultural sector and national domestic production as well as a significant relationship between the public agriculture credit guarantee scheme and national domestic production, respectively. Based on this positive finding, the study closes with several unique recommendations for policy makers in order to stimulate the investment into the agricultural sector to increase national production.
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Herliana, Sri, Acip Sutardi, Qorri Aina, Qonita Himmatul Aliya, and Nur Lawiyah. "The Constraints of Agricultural Credit and Government Policy Strategy." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821502008.
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Low access to credit in the agricultural sector is also caused by problems of agricultural sector actors (especially farmers) and financial institutions. Farmers are still having difficulty in accessing credit (accessibility and unbankable) and the limited financial institutions that channel credit to the agricultural sector. Therefore, the government must issue a policy in growing the agricultural sector, especially in anticipation of access credit constraints by farmers. The agricultural sector as a high-risk business, therefore formal institutions are less interested in financing the agricultural sector on the grounds of high transaction costs, asymmetric information, low profits, lack of collateral, education of farmers is relatively low. In addition, most banks do not want to finance agriculture due to fluctuating production and uncontrolled price risk. While the constraints of the farmers in obtaining formal credit is a complex procedure, there should be collateral as well as high payment delay fees, long distances and less information about capital.
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Zhang, Leilei, and Honglian Guo. "Financial Coordination and Income Distribution of Agricultural Supply Chain." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i3.2180.
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The agriculture field is a fundamental industry which supports the rapid development of the nation’s economy. However, credit constraints faced by farmers have restricted the modernization in the agricultural industry. The agricultural supply chain finance is effective in promoting rural industrial revitalization and agricultural modernization, which is of great significance to the transformation and development of rural economy and agriculture in China. In this paper, the financial coordination model in agricultural supply chain is constructed, and the income distribution model of Shapley value method is introduced. The results showed that the agricultural supply chain finance can significantly improve the income of the participants in the agricultural industrial chain and verify the economic feasibility of agricultural supply chain finance.
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Rehman, Abdul, Abbas Ali Chandio, Imran Hussain, and Luan Jingdong. "Is credit the devil in the agriculture? The role of credit in Pakistan's agricultural sector." Journal of Finance and Data Science 3, no. 1-4 (2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfds.2017.07.001.
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Eburajolo, Courage Ose, and Leonard Nosa Aisien. "IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS’ CREDIT TO THE REAL SECTOR ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 4, no. 1 (March 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe058.
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The study examined the effect of commercial bank sectorial credit to the manufacturing and agricultural sub-sectors on economic growth in Nigeria with time series data from 1981 to 2015, using co-integration and error correction mechanism for the empirical work. A three equation model was specified to analyze this study, and the variables include; real GDP, bank sectorial credit to manufacturing and agriculture subsectors, monetary policy rate, financial market development, sourced from CBN statistical bulletin and also the interaction variables. The variables were tested for unit root using the Augmented Dickey Fuller approach and were found to be stationary. The empirical result revealed that commercial bank credit to the manufacturing and agricultural subsectors significantly affects economic growth in Nigeria both in the short run and in the long run. Furthermore, development of the financial sector enhances the growth effects of commercial banks credit to the manufacturing and agricultural subsectors of the economy. It was therefore recommended that the Nigerian apex financial authorities should encourage banks via deliberate policy to increase credits to these subsectors of the economy.
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Malik, Sohail J., Mohammad Mushtaq, and Manzoor A. Gill. "The Role of Institutional Credit in the Agricultural Development of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 4II (December 1, 1991): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i4iipp.1039-1048.
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There has been a consensus among Pakistani policy-makers since the early 1970s that the shift from a resource-based to a science-based agriculture can be facilitated through the availability of agricultural credit. The official statistics on the disbursement of agricultural credit bear testimony to this behalf. A perusal of Thble 1 shows clearly that while other inputs such as fertilizer offtake, the availability of improved seed, water and tractors grew at rates ranging from 3 percent to 15 percent per annum over the period from 1971-72 to 1986-87, the disbursement Of institutional credit to the rural sector of Pakistan grew at an impressive 28 percent. It is interesting to note that while agricultural production, measured as an index with base year 1960, grew at only 3 percent, the ratio of institutional credit to agricultural GNP grew from 0.7 percent in 1971-72 to over 12 percent in 1986-87. 1\\'0 studies have recently appeared in The Pakistan Development Review that highlight important yet diverse aspects of the role of institutional credit in the agriculture development of Pakistan. The first study [Zuberi (1989)] stated that "the strategy for agricultural development in the country has been based on greater utilization of 'high pay-off' low-cost technology. The government advanced loans through fmancial institutions to make it possible for the farmers to acquire this technology". This study, however, using a Cobb-Douglas type production function and time-series data found that specifications which included institutional credit as an independent variable offered meaningless results. Based on the fact that 70 percent of total institutional credit disbursed was for the purchase of seed and fertilizer, the author chose expenditure on these categories as a proxy not only for credit but also for capital and using this and labour obtained significant estimates.
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Trzeciak-Duval, A. "Agriculture finance and credit infrastructure – conditions, policies and channels." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 3 (February 29, 2012): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5273-agricecon.
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Agriculture, like all sectors of the economy, needs credit for its development. Experience in OECD countries demonstrates that in a competitive financial environment, profitable agriculture can obtain the credit it needs. Due to the difficulties faced by farmers in transition economies in obtaining access to credit, the OECD has periodically called upon member and transition experts to reflect upon the issues at stake and to share relevant lessons and best practices in the field of agricultural finance and credit infrastructure. This paper reviews the key messages from past work on this subject, including some observations from the Czech experience. These messages pertain to: the essential framework conditions for access to credit; the role of government policy-making, and possible channels for financing the agriculture and rural sectors. The paper then briefly suggests some linkages and implications that may be drawn between the EU enlargement and these three themes.
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Konxheli, Dr Sc Drita, and MSc Dafina Bekaj. "The crediting policies of Micro-Financial Institutions in Kosovo and their impact in the development of agriculture." ILIRIA International Review 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i2.155.
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Agriculture is a very important sector of Kosovo economy. Seeing the big agriculture sector’s need for crediting, this paper is focused on credit policies of micro financial institutions, by emphasizing their impact in the development of agriculture.Since the number of micro financial institutions in Kosovo is quite big and analyzing the crediting policies of all of them is impossible, for comparing analyzes this paper focuses in three of them. Several clients of the micro financial institutions were surveyed to check the impact that the loans they took had on the development of their agricultural activity. The survey includes the entire territory of Kosovo, meaning, clients of different regions were surveyed including minority-inhabited zones.Micro loan has become a support for many farmers, artisans and traders of various Kosovo rural zones. The micro loan makes it possible to have access to financial services for funding small projects in the field of agriculture, cattle-raising or in service sectors, such as artisans, small grocery shops, etc.The main goals of this research is to analyze the credit policies of MFIs operating in Kosovo and their impact in development of agriculture; a comparative analyses of impact of these credit policies in development of agriculture and identification of new crediting policies that might impact further agricultural development.
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Matsybora, Tetiana. "Investment potential of the agrarian sector of economy of Ukraine: formation and development." Ekonomika APK 308, no. 6 (June 28, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202006049.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the investment potential of the national agricultural sector of the economy and the potential of its development (potential volumes of gross value added, taking into account the real level of investment efficiency) in the conditions of revitalization of investment activity of agricultural enterprises through expansion of their credit and investment potential. Research methods. Methods: dialectical method of scientific cognition, analysis and synthesis, systemic generalization (generalization of definition approaches to the definition of the investment potential of agricultural enterprises and the formation of conclusions), methods of abstraction, comparison and imaginary experiment (in assessing the investment potential of capital investments and potential gross value added in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, taking into account the actual level of investment efficiency). Research results. The approaches to determining the essence of the category «investment potential» are substantiated and the investment potential of the national agricultural sector of the economy is assessed. The potential volumes of gross value added of products in agriculture, forestry and fisheries into account the actual level of investment efficiency in the conditions of credit and investment potential expansion are calculated. Scientific novelty. Based on the generalization of approaches to determining the investment potential of agricultural enterprises, the principles of formation and development of investment potential of the agricultural sector of the economy by expanding the credit component are substantiated. Practical significance. Conclusions, suggestions and practical recommendations can be used in the formation of investment programs and projects in agriculture and the development of state programs for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 14.
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Parausic, Vesna, and Drago Cvijanovic. "Serbian agriculture: Programmes of credit support by the state and commercial banks between 2004-2007." Ekonomski anali 52, no. 174-175 (2007): 186–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0775186p.
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Serbian agricultural production accounts for a significant percentage of the share in GDP, and almost 1/3 of the Serbian population live on farms. There is a positive balance in food trade, and nearly 17 per cent of total Serbian export belong to agriculture. However, financial support to agricultural production is insufficient and incommensurate to the role and importance of agriculture in domestic economy in comparison with the practice in advanced economies and those in the region. If high interest rates, along with current credit conditions, remain, agriculture will not be able to advance and compete in foreign markets, however highly competitive its export potential may be.
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Nkansah Darfor, Kwabena, Martinson Ankrah Twumasi, Selorm Akaba, Michael Kwamega, Gideon Ntim-Amo, and Stephen Ansah. "Determinants of agriculture credit fungibility among smallholder farmers: The case of rural Ghana." International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 48, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v48i1.2235.
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This study examined the determinants of rural household agriculture credit fungibility (CF). The study found agricultural CF among farmers, with approximately 79% of farmers involved in agricultural CF. Household financial burden was found to be the main cause of CF among the studied farmers. Most fungible credit was used for clothing and food consumption. A probit model was employed to analyze survey data collected from four regions in Ghana. We employed an instrumental variable approach (IV-Probit) to test for robustness due to endogeneity issues. The econometric model results show that the variables of off-farm income and farm size inversely influenced agricultural CF, while those of education, household size, male farmer gender, and chronic disease variables had a positive effect on agricultural CF. Our findings have policy implications for alleviating agricultural CF.
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Rizyamesa, Agiananta, and Raden Aswin Rahadi. "A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF CREDIT SCORECARD IN PRODUCTIVE LOAN." Advanced International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance 2, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbaf.24003.
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This study is aimed to discuss variables involved in credit scorecard assessment for granting agricultural credits. To get the variables, authors approached with the synthesizing method or Knowledge Synthesis Method from 25 papers related to the credit scorecard development in SMEs and Agriculture. This study used 5 C’s of credit concept to group related variables and eliminated which are not. It is found that from the five aspects of 5C’s, the character aspect consists of management, relationship, credit history, good corporate governance (GCG), behavior, and innovation. The capacity aspect consists of liquidity, profitability ratio, indebtedness degree, repayment history, activity ratio, financial growth, and expense ratio. The capital aspect consists of one indicator, namely capital structure. The conditioning aspect comprises of external factors of PESTEL, industry, and scope of a region in terms of monitoring. The collateral aspect consists of one indicator, which is a guarantee. All of these indicators will be a basic determinant of variables to appraise credit risk quality of a borrower in the agriculture sector. The limitation of this study is the scope limitation of conducting literature synthesize in particular papers which are related to appraising borrowers who are proposing productive loan, particularly in SMEs and the agriculture sector. The finding of this study will be useful for financial institutions that are responsible for developing assessments for borrower candidates in SMEs or the agriculture sector. Further process of research is eligible to be conducted, either qualitative or quantitative, in order to validate and improve the findings in this paper.
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Bilal, Ahmad Raza, and Mirza Muhammad Ali Baig. "Transformation of agriculture risk management." Agricultural Finance Review 79, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2018-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the balanced role of internal and external compliance in risk evaluation process of specialized agriculture financing. The authors examine the adaptive behavior of risk managers to determine the role of proposed transformation for risk monitoring (RM) and control process in risk mitigation and avoidance of agriculture credit failure. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered survey was conducted to collect data from 353 risk-related officers and managers in Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) Pakistan. The authors used a previously tested scale for the main constructs. The descriptive analyses were used to gauge the model capacity for determining the strength of proposed risk patterns in agriculture risk management. Findings The results reveal that risk evaluation process in ZTBL is reasonably efficient in mitigating risks. Given the sensitive nature of farm credit, there is a need of fundamental reforms in risk policy manuals in line with central bank’s agriculture prudential regulations and Basel-III standards. The results fully support H1 and H2, while H3 is partially validated. The result patterns indicate serious issues in risk evaluation process in agriculture finance that is causing higher delinquency in farm credit. Research limitations/implications Based on highlighted issues, the authors recommend valuable guidelines in the RM review system for agriculture financing products at ZTBL. Practical implications The authors propose remodeling of agriculture risk management and offer valuable insights to the agriculture financial regulators and government in taking policy initiatives in the pre-and-post agriculture risk evaluation process. The proposed model enables RM process to improve farm credit delinquency, particularly in ZTBL and other agriculture banking networks in commercial banks. Originality/value This is the first study to empirically investigate RM evaluation process in agriculture risk management of ZTBL in Pakistan, thus, offers new horizon of farm credit regulatory compliance in agricultural sector of Pakistan.
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Mattos, Luciano, Eduardo S. Brondizio, Ademar Romeiro, and Rodrigo Orair. "AGRICULTURA DE PEQUENA ESCALA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA TRANSIÇÃO AGROECOLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA." Amazônica - Revista de Antropologia 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2010): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/amazonica.v2i2.399.
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Os dados do Censo Agropecuário 2006 apresentam um retrato da agricultura brasileira de pequena escala e realçam a sua importância na produção de alimentos e na geração de empregos no campo. Dentro do contexto revelado no Censo, o presente artigo discute a implicação de diferentes termos, como agricultura tradicional e agricultura familiar, usados na definição de agricultura de pequena escala no Brasil. Como estudo de caso, o artigo utilizou dados de 2.400 lotes rurais familiares, localizados em sete projetos de colonização e selecionados pela política pública piloto Proambiente, para discutir a influência de variáveis (sócio-demográficas, econômicas e de infra-estrutura) no uso da terra na Amazônia brasileira. O artigo conclui que o acesso à infraestrutura e ao crédito rural são importantes na promoção de diferentes trajetórias de transição agroecológica entre produtores de pequena escala da Amazônia brasileira.Palavras-chaves: uso da terra, economia ecológica, economia agrícola, agricultura tradicional, agricultura familiar, transição agroecológica, Amazônia.AbstractThe National Agricultural Census of 2006 presented, for the first time, a portrait of small scale agriculture in Brazil, highlighting its central importance in terms of food production and rural employment. Using the 2006 census as a context, this article discusses the implications of different terms, such as traditional agriculture and family agriculture, used to define small scale agriculture in Brazil. We use data from 2,400 families in seven colonization settlements included as part of the Brazilian pilot public policy program Proambiente to discuss the influence of variables (e.g. socio-demographic, economic, and infrastructure) on the land use in the Brazilian Amazon. The article concludes by stressing the importance of infrastructure and rural credit in promoting different trajectories of agroecological transitions among small scale producers in the Brazilian Amazon.Keywords: land use, ecological economics, agricultural economics, traditional agriculture, family agriculture, agroecological transition, Amazon Basin. ResumenEl Censo Nacional Agropecuario de 2006 presentó, por primera vez, un retrato de la agricultura en pequeña escala en Brasil, destacando su importancia central en términos de producción alimentaria y el empleo rural. Utilizando el censo de 2006 como un contexto, este artículo analiza las implicaciones de los diferentes términos, como la agricultura tradicional y la agricultura familiar, que sirven para definir la agricultura a pequeña escala en Brasil. Hemos utilizado los datos de 2.400 familias en siete asentamientos de colonización incluido como parte del piloto brasileño Proambiente, programa de política pública para discutir la influencia de variables (por ejemplo, socio-demográficos, económicos y de infraestructura) en el uso de la tierra en la Amazonia brasileña. El artículo concluye que la infraestructura y el crédito rural son importantes en la promoción de diferentes trayectorias de transiciones agroecológicas entre productores de pequeña escala en la Amazonía brasileña.Palabras clave: uso de la tierra, la economía ecológica, economía agrícola, la agricultura tradicional, la agricultura familiar, transiciónagroecológica, Cuenca Amazónica.
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Adinolfi, Felice, Fabian Capitanio, and Filippo Sgroi. "Misura delle performance finanziarie e patrimoniali delle aziende agricole: proposta operativa per un nuovo modello di rating per le aziende agricole." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA, no. 1 (July 2012): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rea2012-001003.
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The deep evolutions which the agricultural systems has been involved during the last few years have sped up an increasing attention from stakeholders and the policy maker towards the topic of the credit risk access. Whereas in the past the credit in agriculture has been regulated from "special regimes", today with the new Unified Body of Laws in banks and credit matter and the introduction of the rules of Basel 2 (more recently Basel 3), the condition of agricultural firms hugely changed. This work aimed to develop a new methodological approach by derive the credit score for firms in agricultural sector, which tried to overcame the limits of the traditional approach. In this context, by using a sample drawn from the RICA dataset, we also carried out an empirical analysis aimed to emphasize the dynamics of farmers credit score throughout the years.
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Riguzzi, Paolo. "Sistema financiero, banca privada y crédito agrícola en México, 1897–1913: ¿Un desencuentro anunciado?" Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 21, no. 2 (2005): 333–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2005.21.2.333.
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El artículo abordalas relaciones entre el sistema financiero y la agricultura, desde la ley bancaria de 1897 hasta 1913, último año en que los bancos mantuvieron operaciones regulares. Se pretende medir el acceso de las unidades productivas al crédito de largo plazo y reconstruir los canales de financiamiento. La pregunta central es si y en qué condiciones los bancos u otros intermediarios financieros encauzaban una oferta de crédito hacia el sector agrícola y en qué términos. O si, por otro lado, la banca privada manifestaba una incapacidad estructural para acomodar en sus actividades el crédito agrícola; en este caso se pretende conocer qué caminos alternativos estaban disponibles y qué consecuencias derivaron de ello. The article deals with the relationships between the financial system and agriculture, from the first Banking Law in 1897 until the last year of bank operations before the Revolution, 1913. It aims at reconstructing the credit channels and measuring the access of rural estates to long-term credit. The central question is whether banks or other financial intermediaries supplied funds to Mexican agriculture, and in what terms. Was private banking structurally incapable of providing agricultural credit? And if so, were alternative means available? What consequences this situation had on the rural economy?
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Koç, Ahmet Ali, T. Edward Yu, Taylan Kıymaz, and Bijay Prasad Sharma. "Effects of government supports and credits on Turkish agriculture." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-11-2018-0164.
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Purpose Domestic supports on Turkish agriculture have substantially increased over the past decade while empirical evaluation of their output impact is limited. Also, the existing literature often neglects potential spatial spillover effects of agricultural policies or subsidies. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the direct and spillover effects of Turkish agricultural domestic measures and agricultural credits use on the added agricultural value. Design/methodology/approach This study applied a spatial panel model incorporating spatial interactions among the dependent and explanatory variables to evaluate the impact of government support and credit on Turkish agricultural output. A provincial data set of agricultural output values, input factors and government subsidies from 2004 to 2014 was used to model the spatial spillover effects of government supports. Findings Results show that a one percent increase in agricultural credits in a given province leads to an average increase of 0.17 percent overall in agricultural value-added per hectare, including 0.05 percent from the direct effect and 0.12 percent from the spillover effect. Contrary to agricultural credits, a one percent increase in government supports in a province generates a mixed direct and spillover effects, resulting in an overall reduction of 0.13 percent in agricultural value-added per hectare in Turkey. Research limitations/implications This study could be extended by controlling for climate, biodiversity and investment factors to agricultural output in addition to input and policy factors if such data were available. Originality/value This study fills the gap in the literature by determining the total effect, including direct and spatial spillover effect, of domestic supports and credits on Turkish agricultural value. The findings provide crucial information to decision makers regarding the importance of incorporating spatial spillover effects in the design of agricultural policy.
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Johnson, Andrew M., Michael D. Boehlje, and Michael A. Gunderson. "Agricultural credit risk and the macroeconomy." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-06-2016-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the linkage between agricultural sector and macroeconomic factors with farm financial health. It considers whether agricultural lenders can more accurately anticipate changes in the credit quality of their portfolios by considering broad economic indicators outside the agriculture sector. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines firm, sector, and macroeconomic drivers of probability of default (PD) migrations from a sample of 153 grain farms of actual lender data from Farm Credit Mid-America’s portfolio. A series of ordered logit models are developed. Findings Farm-level and sector-level variables have the most significant impact on PD migrations. Equity to asset ratios, working capital to gross farm income ratios, and gross corn income per acre are found to be the most significant drivers of PD migrations. Macroeconomic variables are shown to unreliably forecast PD migrations, suggesting that agricultural lenders should emphasize firm and sector variables over macroeconomic factors in credit risk models. Originality/value This paper builds the literature on agricultural credit risk by testing a broader set of sector and macroeconomic variables than previous articles. Also, prior articles measured the direction but not magnitude of PD migrations; the ordered model in the analysis measures both.
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HERBYCH, Liudmyla, and Larysa NETREBCHUK. "CREDIT WORTHINESS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 133, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2020(133)08.
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Background. Agriculture is a source of increased credit risk for banks and other lenders, which requires special approaches to assessing the credit worthiness of the enterprises in this industry. The assessment improving of the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises is one of the key scientific and practical problems. The aim of the article is to identify and systematize the factors influencing the level of credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises. Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the research is a systematic approach that has been used to identify and analyze the factors of credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises. The methodological basis consisted of system-structural, comparative analysis and logical generalization methods. The information basis of the research is analytical materials, scientific researches, results of own researches. Results. The purpose of assessing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprise is to obtain a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the borrower’s activities by a creditor. Based on this, creditor assesses the risk of lending and decides about the possibility and conditions of lending or refusal to the borrower. Existing methods of assessing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises do not often take into account the peculiarities of their activities, which directly affect the ability of these enterprises to repay the loan. During the assessing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprise, it is appropriate to take into account financial indicators that characterize its financial position and non-financial factors that describe the actual and potential conditions of its management. Based on the results of systematization of existing approaches and own conclusions, it is proposed to classify the factors influencing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises by the source of influence on the company, the possibility of influence by the company, the method of measurement, nature. Conclusion. The article presents the author’s vision of the classification factors influencing the agricultural enterprises ability to obtain credit and expand their list by addition them with factors of soil quality and organic production, which will reduce the credit risk of financial institutions in lending.
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Shkolnyk, I., and V. Kryvozub. "CURRENT SITUATION OF THE FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF ENTERPRISES OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF UKRAINE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 4 (2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.4-6.
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Agricultural sector is the one of the main domestic economy sectors, that providing the much of the net profit and currency income to the country, agricultural sector employs more then 10% of country population. One of the general factors of the agricultural development efficiency is financial security, that might to promote increase of efficiency, but in the other side this can to slow development of enterprises and reduce factory profitability. In turn financial security of agricultural sector is quite complex complicated and variegated and needs of the further research. Financial security is an economic category can be considered like a complex of the methods, origins and objects as a financial instrument. Sufficient financial security of agricultural sectors enterprises forming problem based on high level risk in production process. Agricultural companies have possibility to use a wide range of methods, such as self-financing, budget international and market ministry. Based on research we systematized basic form of financial security, that are used by agriculture companies in their activity. There are: self-financing, inclusive financing, traditional (classic) financing, leasing and factoring, insurance, loan guarantee, forward contracts. In Ukraine we have situation, when agriculture companies don’t receive proper financial support by country. The programs that have been started, are unstable, but the positive point is that amount of financial resources, that are granted to agricultural sector, have been increased, that showing country interest in agricultural sector forming and developing. What about banking lending, so it isn’t just expensive, in main situations companies cannot get credit because there are have a weak credit history or have a low credit rating. One of the instruments, which is becoming more popular is the agrarian receipts. There are divided to two parts: financial and commodity. The amount of financial resources, that are attracted by agrarian receipts, are increasing for several years and have significant benefits for using by agriculture companies. Keywords: financial instruments, lending, budget financing, government support, leasing.
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Tiamiyu, S. A., M. A. Bwala, and V. O. Alawode. "ECONOMIC REVITALISATION THROUGH AGRICULTURE: ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT GUARRANTEE SCHEME FUND IN NIGERIA." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 63, no. 3 (March 25, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-03.01.
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Tong, Zeping, and Shuo Yang. "The Research of Agricultural SMEs Credit Risk Assessment Based on the Supply Chain Finance." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501061.
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Agriculture is a basic industry that supports the construction and development of the national economy and plays an important role in promoting rural revitalization. And in the current post-COVID-19 era, agricultural SMEs have difficulty in obtaining the favours of financial institutions in normal lending due to their weak credit guarantee capabilities and high credit management costs. Difficulty in financing has become a bottleneck problem that plagues the development of enterprises and restricts the development of agricultural modernization. How to evaluate and control its credit risk is not only a major way to solve the financing difficulties of agricultural SMEs, but also the basis for the stable development of supply chain financial services. This paper analyzes three typical financing modes of agricultural SMEs from the perspective of supply chain finance, and takes the agricultural SMEs in the New OTC Market as an example to construct a Logistic model, and uses factor analysis to effectively predict the credit risk of supply chain finance. The results show that the operational efficiency factors, growth factors and related core corporate profitability of agricultural SMEs financing enterprises significantly affect their credit risk. After testing, the model is highly accurate in predicting the financing risks of agricultural SMEs.
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Loose, Cleberson Eller, Marcos Tadeu Simões Piacentini, Eliseu Adilson Sandri, Alexandre Leonardo Simões Piacentini, and Robison de Almeida Moura. "RURAL CREDIT IN FAMILY AGRICULTURE." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss8.1683.
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Rural credit in family farming, as an instrument of leverage for growth in agricultural production, plays a fundamental role in fostering the local economy. Thus, this shields small farmers against market competitiveness. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the perception among rural producers of agricultural credit in family farming as an instrument for strengthening their productive capacity, income distribution in rural areas and the promotion of farmers' quality of life. For this, bibliographic research and a field study were carried out, collecting data through interviews with small farmers who are members of an association of small producers in a Brazilian state in the Amazon region. The results show that rural credit has a strong influence on the local economy and is this important for family farming. A credit line already served all the respondents and 70% stated that between 91% and 100% of the resources used in production were originally bought on credit and unanimously said that rural credit had an impact on increasing income and income production.
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Damayanti, Ni Putu Era Prasistya, I. Nyoman Gede Ustriyana, and AAA Wulandira Sawitri Djelantik. "THE ROLE OF LOCAL CREDIT INSTITUTIONS (LPD) IN DISTRIBUTING AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN PENATIH VILLAGE, DISTRICT OF EAST DENPASAR, DENPASAR CITY." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v3i2.4861.
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Local credit institution (LPD) is financial enterprise that owned by the village to carry out business activities in that village and or the villagers. In its development, LPD has a imperative role that is not far from the goal of establishing LPD its sel, viz. Encouraging the development o rural economic throughraising the unds, distribute the loan for the community, create equal opportunities for business activities and employment opportunities for villagers.This study aims to determine characteristics of the agricultural debtor in LPD Desa Adat Penatih, the criteria for amount of agricultural credit distributed in LPD Desa Adat Penatih, the procedure for distributing agricultural credit in LPD Desa Adat Penatih and also the interference in repayment of credit in LPD Desa Adat Penatih. The location of this study were selected purposively. Data used in this study is qualitative data and quantitative data.The result of the study showed that the characteristics of the agricultural debtor in the LPD Desa Adat Penatih are seen from age and gender, the number of family dependents, the level of education, the criteria for amount loan and the business fields. The amount of agricultural credit distributed in LPD Desa Adat Penatih base of the collateral value for collateral provided by debtor. The procedure for distributing agricultural credit in LPD Desa Adat Penatih starts by of the loan application, analysis or assessment of credit, credit decision, disbursement and loan administration. There is no interference to LPD Desa Adat Penatih in repayment of agriculture credit. Both in terms of repayment period and credit collectibility.
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Batie, Sandra S., and Daniel B. Taylor. "Widespread adoption of non-conventional agriculture: Profitability and impacts." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, no. 3-4 (December 1989): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002952.
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AbstractConventional agriculture is increasingly criticized as being too concentrated in ownership; too reliant on technology, petroleum-based inputs, and credit; too specialized and ecologically unsound; and too dependent on government subsidies. Alternative agriculture is offered by many as an alternative, and we discuss the possible impacts of its widespread adoption on farm income, yields, regions, labor, trade, environmental quality, and farm structure. The profitability of alternative agriculture is also examined - in so doing, a distinction is made between the adoption of low-input practices and a more holistic alternative agricultural system.
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Issahaku, Haruna, Ishaque Mahama, and Reginald Addy–Morton. "Agricultural labour productivity and credit constraints: implications for consumption in rural Ghana." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2019-0124.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the impact of credit constraints on agricultural labour productivity as well as the impact of credit constraints and agricultural labour productivity on rural households' consumption in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Ghana Living Standard Survey round six (GLSS 6) as the main source of data, which happens to be one of the most comprehensive household datasets in Ghana. Quantitative estimation techniques (namely: Endogenous Switching Regression and Two Stage Least Squares) are used to address possible endogeneity and selection into credit markets.FindingsFirst, large households are prone to credit constraints while age (experience) and compliance with extension advice reduce credit constraints. Second, the determinants of agricultural labour productivity for both constrained and unconstrained households are age, sex, farm equipment, herbicide and farm size. Third, household size, education and livestock rearing influence agricultural labour productivity of constrained households. Fourth, credit constraints, irrespective of how they are measured, impede agricultural labour productivity while access to credit fosters labour productivity. Lastly, credit constraints robustly reduce consumption while agricultural labour productivity strongly enhances rural households' consumption.Originality/valueThe first contribution is that, unlike most previous studies, we do not focus on the widely used measure of productivity – output per unit land, but on agriculture labour productivity in particular. Secondly, unlike most previous studies which examine the effect of credit constraints either on productivity alone or consumption alone, our study examines the impact of credit constraints on both. Thirdly, unlike the existing literature which uses one or two measures of credit constraints, we use a wide range of measures of credit constraints – seven different measures of credit constraints. Lastly, our empirical strategy solves at least two critical econometric problems – sample selection bias and endogeneity.