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1
Lu, Yawen, and Binbin Li. "Research on Regional Differences of the Leisure Agriculture’s Impact on Farmers’ Income—An Empirical Analysis Based on Nonlinear Threshold Regression." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158416.
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As a large agricultural country and a populous country, the development of agricultural and rural areas is the foundation for China to realize a national rejuvenation. Leisure agriculture is the main carrier of industry integration in China’s rural areas and it is an effective means to realize rural revitalization and increase farmers’ income. Industry convergence refers to a dynamic development process in which different industries or different areas of the same industry penetrate and intersect each other and finally merge into one, gradually forming a new industry. However, there is no empirical study on the staged impact of rural agriculture on rural household income and regional differences. This article breaks down the action mechanisms, analyzes the linear impact of leisure agriculture on the income of farmers and divides the development types of leisure agriculture according to the characteristics of leisure agriculture development. Using the provincial panel data from 2008 to 2016, the panel dual-threshold regression model was used to verify the regional differences in the impact of leisure agriculture on farmers’ income, from the perspective of leisure agriculture on farmers’ nominal and actual incomes. Then, the robustness model was used to test leisure agriculture’s impact on farmers’ income. The results show that the impact of leisure agriculture on the income of farmers is staged. Among them, the impact of leisure agriculture on the nominal income of farmers is an “inverted U-shaped” structure and the impact on actual income is an “N-type” structure. At the same time, the paper also finds that the regional differences in the impact of leisure agriculture on farmers’ income are significant and the constraints on the development of leisure agriculture in different regions are different. Based on this, it is proposed that the government should respond to the different development stages of leisure agriculture according to the time, and according to the different development areas of leisure agriculture. Responses should also be based on local conditions, and work to strengthen the participation of farmers.
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Golubev, Alexey V. "“Tight belts” of farmers as a condition for the profitability of agriculture." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 7 (2021): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-7-2-7.
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The contradiction between the profitable work of agriculture and the lack of its simple reproduction is revealed. Profits of agricultural enterprises are secured by a strict restriction on all major items of expenditure, including labor costs, which farmers are forced to go to due to the low profitability of the industry. They have to tighten their belts more and more, saving even on the necessary things. At the same time, monopolized suppliers of resources to agriculture and network trading networks, which are oligopolies, continue to siphon resources from producers of products. The author emphasizes the nature of perfect competition of the mass of agricultural producers, to which the market economy should strive. The term “market hinterland” is introduced, which characterizes the current situation of agriculture, which is economically disadvantaged by its counterparties. This intersectoral imbalance is not eliminated and is not compensated by the state, since the subsidies allocated are not enough even to bring the wages of agricultural workers to the average size in the Russian economy. The conclusion is made about the weak state regulation of intersectoral relations, which should limit monopolies and oligopolies and create equal economic conditions for different industries and also about the need for a significant increase in state support for agriculture.
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Wan, Junyi, and Lijun Zeng. "Is there Spillover Effect in Agricultural Industrialization Management?" International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n1p143.
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China agriculture industrialization management (AIM) has made remarkable achievements in increasing cooperative farmers’ income, but its impact on non-cooperative farmers excluded from the industrial management system has not caused due concern. The empirical results based on provincial level suggest the number of hierarchical agricultural management entities (HAME) have a limited influence on regional per capita gross output value of agriculture, that the driving ability of the key agricultural leading enterprises above provincial level has a significant positive impact on per capita gross output value of agriculture, that there is no statistical correlation between the indicators of driving ability and per capita household operating income of farmers. As a whole, the development level of HAME have no significant positive effect on the performance of AIM, the spillover effect of AIM is very limited. Owing to the existence of crowding out effect, AIM accelerates the differentiation between farmers within industrial management system and farmers outside the system, government need to provide more support policies for farmers outside AIM system.
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Shaqiri, Fisnik, and László Vasa. "Efficiency and Sustainability Questions of the Agricultural Production in Kosovo." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0001.
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AbstractThe paper focuses on comparing the economic features of the EU-28 and agricultural industry of Kosovo and also economic and agricultural conditions with some neighbouring countries based on the statistical analyses in the period of 2012 and 2016. Generally, it can be declared that in Kosovo the employment in agriculture is at a very highly level accompanied with less developed machinery level, in spite of the inflation rate at a low level with high portion of the agricultural land of total land area compared to the cases of other neighbouring countries. The international competitiveness of farmers needs for developing the mechanization is accompanied with increasing subsidies for farmers. The lack of capital, less educated and skilled employees in agricultural industry result into some economic difficulties for the further prosperity of the sector in Kosovo. The possible solutions for the agricultural industry in Kosovo are developing the mechanization, common selling-purchasing of farmers, more activities in agricultural services, secondary activities, increasing the subsidies for farmers, attracting farmers for food manufacturing industries, extending the agricultural advisory network and creation of better credit conditions for farmers.
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Lu, Ping. "Green Development of Agriculture under the Principal-Agent Perspective." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.923.
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The essence of agricultural development not only is a green industrial revolution and the new technological revolution but also is the important symbol of human into the green civilization era. In the process of green development of agriculture, between the government and the farmers there is a principal-agent relationship, that the government (principal) commissioned farmers (agents) to implement green agriculture development; principal-agent target, there are two items, namely, the production of food and ensure food nutrition and environmental security; farmers(agents) obtain the income by to sale their produce food. Research shows that the government is dominant in green agricultural development; green agriculture because of its level of standardization of certification may become the main direction of agricultural green development. Green agricultural development is a long and complex systems engineering, and should be phased manner, and constantly improve the agricultural system environment that needed for green development. To improve the ability of green development of China's agriculture, to carry out agro-ecological capital operations may be a practical way.
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Rukhsana, Rukhsana, and Nasreen Aslam Shah. "The Role Of Women Labourer In Agricultural Development Of Karachi, Sindh." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 15, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v15i1.133.
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Agriculture plays a very important role in providing food and raw material for industries that is why it is acknowledged as the back bone of agrarian societies. Globally, women contributed remarkably in the agriculture sector. Pakistani women are also playing an important role in the agricultural and economic development of the country. Although Karachi is famous around the world as a large metropolis and industrial sector, but the surrounding sub-rural areas also play a big role in the agriculture sector and women are also equal contributor of this sector. The objectives of this study to highlighted the role of women labourer in agricultural development of Karachi. The researcher used purposive sampling method to collect data through interview schedule from 200 women agricultural labourer of sub-urban Karachi. The findings of the study highlights that these women work equal as men but earn less. They work eight to nine hours daily in the farm but get only100-120 rupees per day. They do not spend their income as their own choice. In addition, they work to increase their daily livelihood along farm work. The study concludes that introduction of new technical courses and training for agriculture and market requirements would help women farmers to improve their income and financial status.
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Godin, V. V., M. N. Belousova, V. A. Belousov, and A. Е. Terekhova. "Agriculture in a digital era: threats and solutions." E-Management 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-1-4-15.
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The need for digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is obvious – implementation of digital economy principles will create an institutional environment that meets modern realities and allows to generally improve production efficiency. Foreign experience of agriculture digitalization in the USA, Germany, Switzerland, and Ireland has been analysed in the article. Main technologies used for agro-industrial complex digitalization have been described. Advantages and potential of the smart farming implementation to control the accuracy of fertilizer application, prediction of adverse environmental events, quality improve of growing products and more open interaction between farmers and consumers, resource costs reduction and increase of farms profitability have been considered. Opportunities and obstacles for implementing technologies of the state project “Digital Agriculture” have been evaluated: big data, blockchain, smart farming, quantum technologies, Internet of things, robotics, wireless communications, virtual and augmented realities. Ingeneral the main obstacles are related to high cost of introducing new technologies, lack of necessary knowledge among farmers, lack of legal framework and standards, and lack of information and software protection mechanism. Barriers and their potential solutions in the process of agriculture digitalization in Russia have been defined in the article. Main solutions to overcome the barriers described include: favorable regulatory environment for digital agriculture development, information and economic security of agricultural producers, nationwide information and communication infrastructure for the industry (including provision of public services on the basis of a single cloud platform), necessary training for “intellectual” agriculture, implementation of digital technologies in related industries, development of the agricultural digital enterprise concept and the way of its implementation.
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Meyer, James H. "1041 DESIGNING THE NEW LAND GRANT UNIVERSITY." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 577e—577. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.577e.
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Massive changes occurring in the agricultural industries and expanding societal interests in environmental quality, food safety, competition for natural resources, along with population pressure, are making it `evident Land Grant colleges of agriculture (LGCAs) must reorganize to address a broader interface of both agriculture-related issues and issues relevant to society in general. A reduced focus on agriculture as such must be anticipated, with more emphasis directed toward life sciences, food quality, environmental concerns, and rural-urban interfaces. Since their establishment in 1862, LGCAs have helped U.S. farmers improve production so much that the numbers of people needed in agricultural sector have plummeted, leaving the status and future of these colleges uneasy. Although the original LGCA model was appropriate for its time, the modern environment at scientific and agricultural universities calls for a new model. To achieve renewal, one must change mindset, revise the mission, provide creative, learning leaders and chart the course for evolution of revitalized institutions.
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Asano-Tamanoi, Mariko. "Farmers, Industries, and the State: The Culture of Contract Farming in Spain and Japan." Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, no. 3 (July 1988): 432–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015322.
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Farmers used to grow, process, store, and merchandise food and fiber. Such “agriculture as an industry in and of itself or as a distinct phase of our economy,” however, has long become a legacy of the past (Davis and Goldberg 1957:1). Farmers today stand in relations of growing complexity with various “others” for the purpose of agricultural production, i.e. farm suppliers, banks, research centers, processors, storage operators, distributors, and the government. In other words, farmers work in the complex web of relationships created by all these individuals and institutions. In this context, “contract farming,” a topic of growing interest among social scientists, seems to epitomize, perhaps most clearly, such complex production relations maintained by many farmers today in various corners of the world.
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Khan, Nawab, Ram L. Ray, Ghulam Raza Sargani, Muhammad Ihtisham, Muhammad Khayyam, and Sohaib Ismail. "Current Progress and Future Prospects of Agriculture Technology: Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094883.
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The agricultural industry is getting more data-centric and requires precise, more advanced data and technologies than before, despite being familiar with agricultural processes. The agriculture industry is being advanced by various information and advanced communication technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). The rapid emergence of these advanced technologies has restructured almost all other industries, as well as advanced agriculture, which has shifted the industry from a statistical approach to a quantitative one. This radical change has shaken existing farming techniques and produced the latest prospects in a series of challenges. This comprehensive review article enlightens the potential of the IoT in the advancement of agriculture and the challenges faced when combining these advanced technologies with conventional agricultural systems. A brief analysis of these advanced technologies with sensors is presented in advanced agricultural applications. Numerous sensors that can be implemented for specific agricultural practices require best management practices (e.g., land preparation, irrigation systems, insect, and disease management). This review includes the integration of all suitable techniques, from sowing to harvesting, packaging, transportation, and advanced technologies available for farmers throughout the cropping system. Besides, this review article highlights the utilization of other tools such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for crop monitoring and other beneficiary measures, such as optimizing crop yields. In addition, advanced programs based on the IoT are also discussed. Finally, based on our comprehensive review, we identified advanced prospects regarding the IoT, which are essential tools for sustainable agriculture.
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Ghebremedhin, Tesfa G. "Assessing the Impacts of Technology on Southern Agriculture and Rural Communities." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, no. 1 (July 1988): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025607.
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Technology has made U.S. agriculture one of the world's most productive and competitive industries. Farmers have already witnessed the dramatic results of two major technological eras in agriculture. The mechanical era from 1920 to 1950 allowed farmers to make the transition from animal-powered agriculture to engine-powered commercial agriculture.
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Zhang, Leilei, and Honglian Guo. "Financial Coordination and Income Distribution of Agricultural Supply Chain." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i3.2180.
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The agriculture field is a fundamental industry which supports the rapid development of the nation’s economy. However, credit constraints faced by farmers have restricted the modernization in the agricultural industry. The agricultural supply chain finance is effective in promoting rural industrial revitalization and agricultural modernization, which is of great significance to the transformation and development of rural economy and agriculture in China. In this paper, the financial coordination model in agricultural supply chain is constructed, and the income distribution model of Shapley value method is introduced. The results showed that the agricultural supply chain finance can significantly improve the income of the participants in the agricultural industrial chain and verify the economic feasibility of agricultural supply chain finance.
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Liang, Muxue, Hong Liao, Yue Huang, Zifang Qiao, Chenchen Tan, and Ruoxin Liu. "A Questionnaire Case Study of Opinions of Chinese Agricultural Workers on the Coordinated Control of Emissions of Ammonia." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041994.
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So far, China’s particulate pollution control is principally focused on primary particles and sulfur dioxide from coal combustion. The contribution of ammonia emissions to particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) has been increasingly emphasized. As a world-famous agricultural country with 523 million farmers (2017, National Bureau of Statistics of China), approximately 70.0–90.0% of China’s ammonia emissions come from agriculture. With such a huge population, agriculture industrialization (socioeconomic policies and technology upgrades to reduce ammonia emissions from fertilizers and livestock) has a large potential but is more vulnerable to costs compared to other industries. We need a solution involving both economic benefits and environmental protection. For this purpose, we sent out an anonymous questionnaire consisting of 16 questions to 420 farmers and conducted a field visit survey in a rural area of Jiangsu Province. Through statistical analysis, we found that the use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture, which are an important source of ammonia through volatilization, is normal (200/420 × 100% = 47.62% of farmers use such fertilizers). Among the 420 farmers surveyed, 90.71% of them have knowledge of air pollution from agricultural activities and 92.15% of them have certain understanding of agricultural industrialization policies, indicating that coordinated control of ammonia emissions can be achieved together with policy propaganda. Through factor analysis and correlation analysis, we find that the early propaganda of policies can help farmers to be more willing to accept the policies. The correlation coefficient between awareness of pollution and policy approval is 0.94, and that between policy publicity and policy approval is 0.95. Generally speaking, the promotion of policies is worth carrying out during the implementation process.
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LUKPANOVA, Zhanar, Zhanar TOYZHIGITOVA, Gulzhan ALINA, Almagul JUMABEKOVA, and Arailym ORAZGALIYEVA. "Influence of Financial and Climate Factors on Agricultural Industry Development." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.11.7(47).21.
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The development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan is an urgent problem for agricultural producers and insurers, since agriculture is in the zone of constant natural and economic risks, where the main share of risks is associated with weather events affecting the production of agricultural crops. In order to reduce negative factors in agriculture, to ensure the protection of the property interests of farmers in crop production from the consequences of adverse natural phenomena, animal husbandry, measures are being taken by the state and business, however, there are still problems that agricultural producers face.
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YANG, CHEN, SVITLANA LUKASH, and GUO QINGRAN. "ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRI-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH - THE CASE OF CENTRAL PLAINS ECONOMIC ZONE OF CHINA." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-33-42.
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The main problem for farmers in China is the search for possible ways to maximize income. Especially relevant today is tourism, which has a broad reach and deep connections with many fields of the national economy. Agritourism in China has recently undergone significant development, expansion and renewal. As part of the Belt and Road Initiative, active rural development and other activities are being undertaken to improve a promising investment environment for tourism. The development of tourism products that integrated with the agricultural sector is becoming a promising form of cooperation with the rural population in the future. Eco-agriculture tourism is a new direction for farmers. The development of eco-agriculture not only contributes to the optimization and adaptation of the agricultural structure, increasing in the added value of agricultural products, but also contributes to the development of services, economic and technological cooperation, the exchange and inflow of funds into the country's economy. It is a new way of strengthening the connection between urban and rural areas, improving the general condition of farmers, developing agricultural infrastructure and creating a harmonious environment between man and nature. As the development of the Central Plains Economic Zone has become part of a national strategy, the development of tourism in the Central Plains Economic Zone has a great potential. In the Central Plains, where natural conditions are better, the development of a local agro-tourism economy as a starting point can greatly increase farmers' incomes, since the development of agritourism can promote the development of related industries and facilitate the optimization and modernization of industrial structures. This can improve infrastructure, save farmers 'production costs, increase farmers' employment. The transfer of surplus agricultural labor may also contribute to the realization of a harmonious sustainable economic and environmental development. Taking as an example the economic zone of the Central Plains, the main task of this article is to study the relationship between the development of ecological-agricultural tourism and economic growth, which substantiates the new trend of national economic development. This article regards the Central Plains Economic Zone as a research object and uses the econometric method of analyzing and examining the relationship between tourism development and economic growth in the Central Plains Economic Zone. Eco-farming is a new outlet for farmers. The development of eco-agricultural tourism will not only help to optimize and adjust the structure of agriculture, increase the added value of agricultural products, but will also promote the development of services, economic and technological cooperation, attract additional investments, will also promote the development of catering, hospitality, economy tourism products and real estate, thus contributing to the growth of agriculture as a whole. To analyze the source of economic growth, we need to know the main driving force behind economic growth. Neoclassical economic theory argues that economic growth depends on three factors: labor, capital, and technological progress. The main model of economic growth is the production function of Cobb-Douglas with the addition of variable income from tourism. Stata software was used for empirical analysis of the model. Keywords: agritourism, sustainable development, economic growth, environment, social development, economic development.
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Webb, Leanne. "Impacts on agriculture." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 125, no. 1 (2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs13012.
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p>Agricultural production in Victoria includes the dairy, lamb and mutton, grains and perennial and annual horticultural sectors, with Victorian farmers contributing a major proportion of the Australian production total in many of these sectors. All these industries are exposed in different ways to weather and climate extremes. With projected warming of approximately 0.8°C by 2030 and by 1.4–2.7°C by 2070 (emissions dependent), and most climate models indicating reduced rainfall for the Victorian region (median of model results projecting a reduction of 4% by 2030 and 6%–11% by 2070; emissions dependent), a range of sectorspecific impacts could result. Increases in extreme events, such as heatwaves (e.g. for Mildura, days >35°C could nearly double from 32 to 59 annually by 2070), bushfires and drought, as well as an increased chance of extreme rainfall are all anticipated. Increasing frequencies of extreme events have the potential to affect agricultural production more than changes to the mean climate. For example, the exceptional heatwave that occurred in south-eastern Australia during January and February 2009 resulted in unprecedented impacts, with significant heat-stress related crop losses reported at many sites. Flooding in 2011 was also very costly to Victorian farmers with many crops being lost in the floodwaters and reduced agricultural production costing an estimated Au$500–600 million. Responses to climate variability already practised by the farming sector will inform some adaptation options that will assist farmers to cope in an increasingly challenging environment. As well as taking advantage of their underlying resilience, initiatives aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity of farmers are being implemented at many levels in agricultural communities.
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NURMANBETOVA, Arailym, Berik BEISENGALIYEV, Gaukhar SAIMAGAMBETOVA, Anar NUKESHEVA, and Bakytgul AINAKANOVA. "Agro-Industrial Complex Competitiveness Management Based on Sustainable Development." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v12.1(49).06.
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Management of the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan is an urgent problem for agricultural producers and insurers, since agriculture is in the zone of constant natural and economic risks, where the main share of risks is associated with weather events affecting the production of agricultural crops, and livestock as well. In order to reduce negative factors in agriculture, to ensure the protection of the property interests of farmers in agriculture from the consequences of unfavourable natural phenomena, measures are taken by the state and business, however, there are problems that agricultural producers face. The aim of the study is to analyze the management of the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex with the help of factors affecting the development and development of recommendations for its further improvement.
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Sindir, Kamil Okyay. "Information and Communication Technologies in Turkish Agriculture." Outlook on Agriculture 34, no. 1 (March 2005): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053295105.
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In recent years, the Turkish agricultural sector has had serious problems, such as lower yields, higher input prices, higher production costs and loss of competitiveness in foreign markets, all leading to reductions in both crop and animal production. At the same time, measures such as curtailment of state financial support to farmers and farming businesses, coupled with the increasing costs of production inputs including seeds, fertilizers, sprays, machinery and decreasing crop prices have negatively affected the sector and primarily the farmers. But, besides taking measures affecting structural change, it is also necessary to establish ways of ensuring accurate information exchange between farmers, agri-food industries and institutions for research and development if productivity and improvements in the competitive power of Turkish farmers within foreign and domestic markets are to be assured. The paper outlines the current situation concerning information and communication technologies (ICT) and agriculture in Turkey and the challenges facing the rural sector in striving towards a knowledge society.
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Mohindra, Versha. "Groping the Shriving of Cultivable Land in India." Think India 19, no. 3 (November 13, 2016): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v19i3.7779.
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Agriculture in India is a combination of traditional and modern farming techniques. Although main occupation of Indian is agriculture, in spite of this, agriculture growth rate is very low, thats why the present study is mainly concerned with analyzing the temporal growth of agriculture production of food grains with the help of various statistical techniques. The study has considered period from 2000-01 to 2014-15. The present study is based upon secondary data. In the last many years, there is an upward and downward fluctuation in all the food grains crops under area under cultivation. Cultivable land in India continues to shrivel. The decline is mainly ascribed to distraction of cultivable land for non-agricultural purposes, including construction, industries, and other development activities. Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has expressed his concerns over shrinking of land resources because of the fragmentation of land. He further said that the Kisan Channel should act as an open university for farmers in terms of guidance and proper knowledge for better agricultural techniques. It is suggested that technological and institutional support for all the crops should be there. Along with diversification of agricultural activities, an imperative factor for enhancing agricultural production and productivity in India is to be considered. Further, better irrigation facilities, normal rainfall, and improved fertilizer consumption will help a lot to enlarge the total food-grains in the country.
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Villamarin Rodriguez, Raul, and Pokala Pranay Kumar. "Impact of Covid- 19 on the Agriculture Industry." Journal of Contemporary Research in Business Administration and Economic Sciences 1, no. 2 (September 18, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52856/jcr311280121.
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Covid-19 pandemic enhances different opportunities in different sectors. This pandemic also affected many sectors which reduced the growth. Mainly, we are focusing on the agriculture sector which is the main sector that affects on nation’s economy. Covid-19 used to have a major impact on agriculture and agro-industries. The harvest for agricultural products was accomplished, yet farmers were hampered in certain areas leading to a shortage of workers. In this research paper, we are going to discuss the impacts on the agriculture industry. Whereas the disease outbreak poses several immediate challenges again for the agriculture industry. This also provides the opportunity to accelerate reforms inside the food and agriculture sectors in order to further increase their adaptability in face of a variety of challenges, namely changes in the environment. However, there is sufficient evidence to conclude where the Covid-19 disease seems to have a significant influence on the farming and agriculture industry.
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Verschuuren, Jonathan. "Towards an EU Regulatory Framework for Climate-Smart Agriculture: The Example of Soil Carbon Sequestration." Transnational Environmental Law 7, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102517000395.
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AbstractThis article assesses current and proposed European Union (EU) climate and environmental law, and the legal instruments associated with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), to see whether soil carbon sequestration is sufficiently promoted as a promising example of ‘climate-smart agriculture’. The assessment shows that current and proposed policies and instruments are inadequate to stimulate large-scale adoption of soil carbon projects across Europe. Given the identified structural flaws, it is likely that this is true for all climate-smart agricultural practices. An alternative approach needs to be developed. Under EU climate policy, agriculture should be included in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) by allowing regulated industries to buy offsets from the agricultural sector, following the examples set by Australia and others. The second element of a new approach is aimed at the CAP, which needs to be far more focused on the specific requirements of climate change mitigation and adaptation. Yet, such stronger focus does not take away the need to explore new income streams for farmers from offsets under the ETS, as the CAP will never have sufficient funds for the deep and full transition of Europe’s agriculture sector that is needed.
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Nyamwamu, Ronald Orare, and Justus Moturi Ombati. "Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Wildlife Mitigation Strategies on Human-Wildlife Conflict Among Small-Scale Maize Farmers in Laikipia County, Kenya." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25105.
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Agriculture is critical in the achievement of food security, employment of creation opportunities, steering economic growth, and also a source of raw materials for agricultural industries in many Sub-Saharan countries. However, farmers face various challenges which negatively affect farm productivity and production. Human-wildlife conflict is one of the most pressing challenges that smallholder maize farmers experience in some parts of Kenya. It arises from either people’s encroachment on wildlife habitats or the movement of wildlife from their natural habitat into neighboring farmland. Small-scale farmers use various agricultural extension strategies to mitigate the conflict. However, the effectiveness of the agricultural extension mitigation strategies adopted by smallholder maize farmers in Laikipia County had not been investigated and information on the same was inadequate and poorly documented. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of the agricultural extension wildlife conflict mitigation strategies adopted by smallholder maize farmers in Laikipia County. Whereas a document review guide was used to collect secondary data, semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from maize farmers and extension agents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze primary data. It was established that crop damage was very severe, even up to 70% per cropping season although farmers used mitigation strategies such growing of unpalatable plants, live fences, hairy crops, and digging trenches. This study concluded that the Agricultural Extension Mitigation Strategies used were not effective. It was recommended concerted efforts between stakeholders in the conflict to realize the benefits of synergies so as to stem crop damage and give small-scale farmers a chance to be food secure.
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Flachs, Andrew. "Redefining success: the political ecology of genetically modified and organic cotton as solutions to agrarian crisis." Journal of Political Ecology 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v23i1.20179.
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The transnational spread of law and technology in Indian agricultural development has passed through three distinct phases since the mid-19th century. In each case, a narrative of agrarian crisis allowed for new state and corporate interventions, conceived by American and British agribusiness, within the existing logics of Indian smallholder agriculture. These begun with colonial British industrial cotton projects in the 1840s, continuing with Green Revolution agriculture, and on contemporary GM and organic cotton farms. In each case, farmers developed strategies through a frictive, contentious adoption of new technologies and built new avenues to success that worked for some farmers and failed for others. In this article I draw on ethnographic fieldwork and household surveys conducted in nine villages from 2012-2014 in Telangana, India. As with previous development initiatives, the US-born legal structures that defined high-tech GM and low-tech organic agriculture were adopted in India without major changes. I argue, however that their actual implementation by farmers has required a significant shift in the ways that people manage the agricultural economy.Keywords: Genetically Modified crops, organic agriculture, development, South India This paper was winner of the Eric Wolf Prize, Political Ecology Society, 2015.
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SISAY, TILAHUN. "Review: Agriculture-industry linkage and technology adoption in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities." Tropical Drylands 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/tropdrylands/t020104.
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Sisay T. 2018. Review: Agriculture-industry linkage and technology adoption in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities. Trop Drylands 2: 18-27. High rate of agricultural growth has far-reaching positive implications for economic development of low-income countries in terms of increasing employment and accelerating poverty reduction. For Ethiopia to achieve middle-income status by 2025 and make substantial inroads against food insecurity, concerted and strategic investment and strategic choices in the agricultural sector are vital. Agricultural linkage encloses generating and transferring agricultural technologies to enhance productivity, reduce loss, and improve the livelihoods of beneficiaries as well as the country’s economy. The objective of this paper was to review the current status of linkage between agriculture-industry actors, extent of technology adoption system, challenges and opportunities in Ethiopia. The result of the review study shows that different factors are constraining the system. Most of the agriculture industry linkage and technologies promoted through the extension system and adoption levels are far below the possible expectation in the country. Agriculture research industries lack effective mechanisms of transferring their technologies to the end users, inadequate technological skilled manpower, poor market linkage between technology multiplication enterprises and technology users, lack of responsible body to transfer technology were the major challenges in Ethiopia. Factors constraining the linkage between stakeholders and technology adoption level of Universities, TEVTs, agriculture Research institutions and agriculture sector are wide ranging from poor linkage between stakeholders and weak involvement of professionals are among the main problems that constraining the system. Weak link between research, education, and extension and the contact of these organizations have with farmers is among the main bottlenecks in agricultural technology development, adoption level. Therefore, strong University and Research-industry linkage is needed in the country.
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Kanyamuna, Vincent, Sylvia Chitola Mulele, Chuma Sylvin Kanyamuna, Lubomba Mudenda Kanyamuna, and Paul Musanda. "The Effect of Information Literacy on Maize Production: Case study of small-scale farmers in Inonge Village, Kazungula District of Zambia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 208–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.88.10719.
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The study aimed at exploring the impact of information literacy on maize production and focused on a case study of small-scale farmers in Inonge village of Kanzungula District in Southern Province, Zambia. Besides the review of relevant literature, the study conducted a questionnaire-based case study on 20 small-scale farmers and conducted an in-depth interview with one agriculturalist from the Ministry of Agriculture. The analysis of the study showed that farmers need information for various purposes to enhance their agricultural activities, and they use different sources and media to access such information. Many of the farmers, however, are not well aware of modern techniques of agriculture and they seldom use such techniques for farming. Due to some problems such as high rate of illiteracy, inadequate contact with agricultural extension officers, language barrier and bad television and radio reception, farmers are not satisfied in getting agricultural information. The paper concludes that information literacy has an effect on maize production and certain recommendations for policy, practice and further research have been provided for the improvement of information literacy of the farmers in Inonge village. These include government to reconsider public agricultural policy reforms on one hand and for the local communities and their leaderships to reorganize themselves and tackle the information challenges facing them on the other. More focused research was still needed to understand and contextualize Inonge village agricultural challenges and prospects.
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Chupina, Irina Pavlovna, and Natal'ya Nikolaevna Simachkova. "Digital agriculture as a basis of agriculture-based economy in the modern world." Сельское хозяйство, no. 4 (April 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8809.2020.4.36180.
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Agriculture solves the general tasks of its functioning, which are more focused on the implementation of three areas of activity, which include guaranteed food security in terms of the production of high-quality agricultural products, raw materials and food produced by domestic agricultural producers in volumes corresponding to medical indicators. It is also a decrease in the volume of import substitution of seeds in crop production and breeding material in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as well as imported equipment for the organization of food and processing products, veterinary drugs and other important needs for the agro-industrial complex. And the third direction includes the sustainable development of exports of agricultural and agro-industrial products to the global agri-food market. These tasks cannot be successfully solved in the conditions of using the existing outdated agricultural technologies, machinery and equipment. In order to improve these functions of agriculture, the digital platform "Digital Agriculture" was developed, which is an information database of a fairly large size about the resources of the agro-industrial complex. Digitalization, creating conditions for the development of "smart agriculture", affects the progress in agricultural relations. With the help of new technologies, the work of farmers will gradually move from manual, which requires great physical effort, to automated. With the help of drones and other drones, it will be possible to determine the structure of soils for planting certain crops.
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Bramley, Robert, and Sam Trengove. "Precision agriculture in Australia: present status and recent developments." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 3 (June 2013): 575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000300014.
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A brief account of the present status of Precision Agriculture (PA) in Australia is presented, and areas of opportunity in the grains, sugar and wine industries are identified. In particular, these relate to the use of spatially-distributed experimentation to fine-tune management so as to achieve production efficiencies, reduced risk of environmental impact and enhanced food security, and the management of crop quality through selective harvesting and product streaming. The latter may be an important avenue by which farmers can take a more active role in the off-farm part of agricultural value chains. The important role of grower groups in facilitating PA adoption is also discussed.
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Nie, Yingzhi. "Antitrust law’s regulations on scale management in China’s new agricultural industrialization system." Outlook on Agriculture 47, no. 1 (March 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727018762897.
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The key to the success of a new agricultural management system is to create new types of operators of agricultural management and to reform the traditional model of agricultural operation, taking a more efficient approach to the scale, industrialization, and organization. However, anticompetitive market risks have the potential to exist in large-scale agriculture due to the excessive concentration of agricultural resources. Chinese legislators should turn competition policies into laws, determine the scope of agricultural exemptions, and learn from US anticorporate farming laws. Utilizing these strategies, antitrust laws can help guide and protect the design and implementation of the industrial polices in the new agricultural management system, rationally regulate some anticompetitive behavior in the agricultural market, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the agriculture industry as well as cater to the interests of the farmers and the welfare of consumers.
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Popović, Goran, Ognjen Erić, and Jelena Bjelić. "Factor Analysis of Prices and Agricultural Production in the European Union." ECONOMICS 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2020-0001.
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AbstractCommon agricultural policy (CAP) is a factor of development and cohesion of the European Union (EU) agriculture. The fundamentals of CAP were defined in the 1950s, when the Union was formed. Since then, CAP has been reforming and adapting to new circumstances. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union defines the goals of CAP: stable (acceptable) prices of agricultural products, growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture, growth in farmers’ income and supplying the common market. Factor analysis of the prices and production goals of CAP directly or indirectly involves the following variables: prices of agricultural and industrial products, indices of the prices of cereals, meat and milk, indices of the prices of agricultural products in France and Great Britain, agricultural GDP and EU GDP. The analysis results come down to 2 factors. The first – “internal factor” is a set of indicators homogenous in terms of greater impact of CAP on their trends (the prices of agricultural products in France, income from agriculture, the prices of agricultural products in EU and Great Britain and the milk price index). The second - “external factor” is made of general and global indicators (cereals prices, EU GDP and prices in industry). Factor analysis has confirmed high correlation of goals: production growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture as well as “reasonable” prices in agriculture. The analysis shows high correlation between agricultural and industrial products, indices of the prices of cereals, meat and milk, indices of the prices of agricultural products in France and Great Britain, agriculture GDP and EU GDP (classified into internal and external factors). In general, the results of the factor analysis justify the existence of CAP, while the EU budget support brings wider social benefits.
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Komang Suarsana, and Ni Ketut Karyati. "ADOPSI TIK DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PERTANIAN DI BALI." JURNAL MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS (Journal Of Agribusiness Management) 8, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jma.2020.v08.i01.p06.
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Agriculture in Bali has historically been part of the traditional culture of rural communities. Utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) in the agricultural sector in Bali is still scarce. Therefore, research on the adoption of ICT in the agricultural sector is an urgent need at this time. This research contributes to understanding the adoption and use of ICT, identifying obstacles related to ICT use, and proposing recommendations with managerial implications for improving the current ICT system in Bali's agricultural sector. Research was carried out by distributing questionnaires about knowledge and ICTs for agriculture.
The research findings show that there are 93,7% of the total respondents using at least one of the related equipment or ICT facilities for their agricultural businesses. As many as 74,1% of respondents who have adopted ICT have been able to overcome farming problems. Farmer respondents found ICT as an important factor in improving the quality of human resources and the quality of government services to them. The implications of ICT in agricultural development in Bali are considered very important, especially in extension activities. The availability of internet access and the ability and skills of the assisting officers are sufficient to help farmers, groups, or farmer groups to obtain information in the form of technological and institutional innovations.This information is needed in seeking the welfare of farmers. ICTs are a formal and informal source of practical information. Information can be accessed at any time every day. A number of agricultural websites provide weather forecasts, crop prices, financial and industrial services, and other general news. Internet connection provides a variety of functions and benefits to agricultural producers. Research shows that internet usage and the intended use may vary according to the type of operation.
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Setiawan, I. Nyoman Anom Fajaraditya, I. Nyoman Widhi Adnyana, and Putu Wirayudi Aditama. "DESIGN OF AGRICULTURAL MOTIVATION MEDIA AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD." ADI Journal on Recent Innovation (AJRI) 2, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/ajri.v2i2.75.
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The agricultural sector is not only for the discourse of food sovereignty, but one of the foundations of the economic strategy. The erosion of agriculture by the opportunities of other sectors, refers to the focus of research in Bali's Celuk Buruan Village, by uncovering phenomena that occur in this region. The existence of regional development, the availability of access and public facilities, is a problem in the agricultural sector in this region. Changes in perspective or land-use change are inevitable, impacting agriculture and small businesses that have long worked with farmers to drive the village economy. Based on the phenomenon, an idea arose to revive the agricultural and industrial sectors in Celuk Buruan. During the Covid-19 pandemic crisis, the decline of Bali's tourism, with a qualitative approach, attempted to design, which could provide positive input to the situation. The design of media about agriculture is a preventive action, carried out in a structured, processed in the design of visual communication. In the end, communication media can produce to answer the problem and widely disseminated on the internet media.
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Saili, A. R., J. Saili, A. S. A. Aziz, M. Z. Kamil, and N. N. H. Aziz. "Food security and sustainability: exploring Japanese youth participation in agriculture." Food Research 4, S5 (December 20, 2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s5).021.
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There are many challenges in assuring the sustainability of food supply in the context of expanding Japanese population. Insufficient participation of Japanese youth in the agricultural industry is among the issues in food sustainability which has prompted the Japanese government to ensure more youth engagement in the sector for its continuity. The youth are considered as vanguards who would bring changes in the Japanese agriculture industry as the number of ageing farmers in the country is increasing. In Japan, agriculture is one of the most important industries as it contributes about 1.1% to overall national GDP. Thus, a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted with 7 Japanese youth who are involved in the agriculture industry in the country to identify their socio-economic characteristics, to determine the factors influencing their participation and the constraints, and to assess the perceptions, perspectives, and understandings of youth towards food security, safety and sustainability in agriculture development. The in-depth face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from 7 young Japanese farmers using both purposive and snowball sampling based on the availability of youth farmers in Japan. The data were analysed and categorized into 5 broad themes. The analysis revealed that family support, tradition, passion, economic factor, and working environment are the factors that influence their participation in the industry. It can be suggested that participation of youth in Japan agriculture industry can be nurtured and sustained with several promotional approaches to youth on what the industry can offer them and their country in the future. Moreover, the motivational drive from their families would undoubtedly encourage them to join the industry. These findings are expected to have significant information and knowledge to extend the literature on Japanese youth participation in agriculture and help formulate the action plan needed for the youth development strategies for Japan agriculture in the future
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Parsons, David. "Information Technology in Agricultural Enterprises." Outlook on Agriculture 23, no. 4 (December 1994): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709402300406.
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The use of computers in agriculture has been growing, though slowly compared to that in many other industries. Use for routine accounts and record keeping has now been accepted on many farms, and some farmers are looking for new products to help them in decisionmaking. Several have recently been developed, and many more are being developed, though they are not yet on the market. This paper surveys some recent developments, using examples from Silsoe Research Institute and elsewhere, and highlights some current research themes that are likely to find their way into products in the future.
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Chen, Abbott Po Shun, and Chai Wu Liu. "Intelligent Commerce Facilitates Education Technology: The Platform and Chatbot for the Taiwan Agriculture Service." International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2021.11.1.1-10.
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Intelligence commerce is an important application and development of agricultural markets. From pesticide use to organic production, agriculture is developing progress that will benefit the world. This study uses an e-commerce platform and an AI (Artificial Intelligence) Chatbot as a way to develop intelligence commerce. This can solve why farmers do not participate in business activities, and also provide farmers with the co-creation value of establishing industrial clusters. In particular, intelligence clusters can create customer value and competitive advantage and can allow farmers to run their businesses sustainably.
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Sanford, A. Whitney. "Transforming Agricultural Practice: Hindu Narrative and the Moral Imagination." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 15, no. 1 (2011): 88–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853511x553778.
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AbstractThe environmental degradation and social dislocations caused by industrial agriculture have created an urgency to rethink food production and consumption. The proliferation of farmers markets is one example of the public response to perceived problems with the existing food system, however the bewildering array of food choices suggest a need for new guidelines for food and agriculture. This paper asks how expanding the moral imagination through narrative can help us rethink human behavior in the context of agricultural practice. Agriculture is an inherently relational, and rethinking practice means revisiting metaphors and narratives that guide behavior in the biotic community. I use a Hindu agricultural narrative to think through existing practices and the narratives contexts. This story does not romanticize human relations with nature, but instead reflects power dynamics in human (and particularly gendered) relationships, and, more important, in human interactions in the biotic community. My analysis considers relevant tropes and themes, e.g. citizenship and community, so that we can ask "what stories about agriculture do we tell ourselves?" and "what stories might we be telling?" to address the current agrarian crises.
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Edson, Saadan A., and Adam M. Akyoo. "Implication of quality uncertainty on market exchange: The case of seed industry in Kilolo district, Tanzania." Emerald Open Research 2 (May 22, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13447.1.
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An increasing demand of agricultural intensification and value addition necessitates the use of improved inputs such as improved seed. Smallholder farmers contribute about 70 % of agricultural production in Tanzania. Agriculture sector in Tanzania contributes about 24.1 % of the GDP, 30 % of exports and 65% of industrial raw materials. Thus, agriculture development, economic growth and industrialization are inseparable. Due to the nature of the product, smallholder farmers cannot judge the overall excellence of seed at the time of buying. This paper assessed quality uncertainty in maize and vegetable seed and its implication for market exchange between farmers and seed sellers in Kilolo district, Iringa Tanzania. The study used a random sample of 130 smallholder farmers and representatives from ten seed companies. Asymmetric information prevails between the two trading sides i.e. sellers and buyers. Moreover, product augmentation is profoundly overlooked whereby most of seed companies have not augmented their products. Despite that genetic and environmental interaction sways crop performance, the paper offers a thorough deduction of the results and its implication on market exchange. This paper adds information in the body of knowledge on how an improved seed can intensify upsurge production of food and industrial raw materials, which is a step towards desired industrialization agenda in Tanzania.
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Fourcroy, Elena, and Nina Drejerska. "AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TRANSFORMATION IN FRANCE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2070.
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Research on sectoral employment is an important part of economic investigation devoted to structural change, traditionally referred to when describing economic growth. At the same time, agricultural employment has been traditionally studied as an important feature characterizing rural economies. The main aim of the paper is to investigate agricultural employment transformation in France from the beginning of the twentieth century. Specific objectives include the presentation of changes in agricultural employment in France as well as their main determinants. A theoretical concept of the three sectors by Colin Clark, Jean Fourastié and Allan Fisher was referred to. It can be concluded that France is now in the “completion phase”, with the service sector dominating the employment structure. However, the French economy never experienced a real period of industrial predominance specified in the three-sector theory. Current issues in agricultural employment in France include the ageing of farmers, newcomers (already related to agriculture by their family or outsiders), increasing involvement of women as well as flows between sectors (agriculture is not a lifelong profession any more).
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Edson, Saadan A., and Adam M. Akyoo. "Implication of quality uncertainty on market exchange: The case of seed industry in Kilolo district, Tanzania." Emerald Open Research 2 (September 7, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13447.2.
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An increasing demand of agricultural intensification and value addition necessitates the use of improved inputs such as improved seed. Smallholder farmers contribute about 70 % of agricultural production in Tanzania. Agriculture sector in Tanzania contributes about 24.1 % of the GDP, 30 % of exports and 65% of industrial raw materials. Thus, agriculture development, economic growth and industrialization are inseparable. Due to the nature of the product, smallholder farmers cannot judge the overall excellence of seed at the time of buying. This paper assessed quality uncertainty in maize and vegetable seed and its implication for market exchange between farmers and seed sellers in Kilolo district, Iringa Tanzania. The study used a random sample of 130 smallholder farmers and representatives from ten seed companies. Asymmetric information prevails between the two trading sides i.e. sellers and buyers leading into quality uncertainty. Moreover, product augmentation is profoundly overlooked whereby most of seed companies have not augmented their products. Because an improved seed is a quintessential example of an experience good, quality uncertainty of some crop varieties under field conditions favored some seed brands to be used more by farmers compared to others. This paper offers a thorough deduction on quality uncertainty under farmers’ field condition and its implication on market exchange. It adds information in the body of knowledge on how an improved seed can contribute to sustainable production of food and industrial raw materials, which is a step towards desired industrialization agenda in Tanzania.
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Edson, Saadan A., and Adam M. Akyoo. "Implication of quality uncertainty on market exchange: The case of seed industry in Kilolo district, Tanzania." Emerald Open Research 2 (May 19, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13447.3.
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An increasing demand of agricultural intensification and value addition necessitates the use of improved inputs such as improved seed. Smallholder farmers contribute about 70% of agricultural production in Tanzania. Agriculture sector in Tanzania contributes about 24.1% of the GDP, 30% of exports and 65% of industrial raw materials. Thus, agriculture development, economic growth and industrialization are inseparable. Due to the nature of the product, smallholder farmers cannot judge the overall excellence of seed at the time of buying. This paper assessed quality uncertainty in maize and vegetable seed and its implication for market exchange between farmers and seed sellers in Kilolo district, Iringa Tanzania. The study used a random sample of 130 smallholder farmers and representatives from ten seed companies. Asymmetric information prevails between the two trading sides i.e. sellers and buyers leading into quality uncertainty. Moreover, product augmentation is profoundly overlooked whereby most of seed companies have not augmented their products. Because an improved seed is a quintessential example of an experience good, quality uncertainty of some crop varieties under field conditions favored some seed brands to be used more by farmers compared to others. This paper offers a thorough deduction on quality uncertainty under farmers’ field condition and its implication on market exchange. It adds information in the body of knowledge on how an improved seed can contribute to sustainable production of food and industrial raw materials, which is a step towards desired industrialization agenda in Tanzania.
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Rajasekaran, Rajkumar, Rajendra Agarwal, Aditya Srivastava, Volodymyr Ivanyshyn, Jolly Masih, and Iryna Yasinetska. "Intelligent smart farming and crop visualization." Independent Journal of Management & Production 11, no. 9 (November 1, 2020): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i9.1420.
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Agriculture is a backbone of the economy for any country. Being a part of primary sector, all the other major sectors and industries depend on it for their raw materials. It satisfies the basic needs of human like food, clothing and shelter. However, due to climate change and other related problems, it is becoming increasingly difficult for farmers to keep pace with rising demands. As per estimate by Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations, around 55 percent of India’s total land area is used for agricultural produce. India is also a leading producer and exporter of some of the major crops. Still there are concerns regarding food security in India by United Nations. For overcoming the natural hurdles, involvement of technology is required for better analysis and decision-making. Through this paper, we plan to propose a visualization technique, which can help farmers to make better decision regarding crop selection. The study proposes a novel framework where farmers can get detailed information about the crops grown in any particular district and also area, production and productivity of any particular crop. This web-based agri solution will help farmers to take smart farming decision by resource optimization and smart planning.
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Lanka, Sanjay V., Iqbal Khadaroo, and Steffen Böhm. "Agroecology accounting: biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods from the margins." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 7 (September 18, 2017): 1592–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2015-2363.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a socio-ecological counter account of the role that agroecology plays in supporting the sustainable livelihoods of a co-operative of smallholder coffee farmers, where very little value is created at their end of the coffee commodity chain. Agroecology may be defined as the science that provides the ecological principles and concepts for the design and management of productive agricultural ecosystems that conserve natural resources. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a case study design of a coffee-producing co-operative in India using data collected from participant observation, focus groups and unstructured interviews with indigenous smallholder farmers. It combines the science of agroecology with the labour theory of value as a theoretical framework. Findings An agroecological approach supports agricultural biodiversity, while promoting sustainable livelihoods since members of the co-operative are able to reduce their use of external inputs. However, an agroecological transformation is curtailed by the continued dependence on corporate value chains. A framework using the labour theory of value is used to explain the extraction of surplus value from the labour of both the smallholder farmers as well as nature. This study provides evidence of the role of government policy and practice in perpetuating the status quo by not promoting either research on agroecology or direct consumer to producer value chains while providing subsidies for the inputs of industrial agriculture. Originality/value There have been very few studies that have provided an account of the limited value generated in agricultural commodity chains for smallholder farmers due to the need to purchase the inputs of industrial agriculture supported by government subsidies. This study extends the field of accounting for biodiversity into agriculture using the science of agroecology to explain the role played by biodiversity in increasing the amount of value generated by smallholder farmers. By utilising the labour theory of value, the authors have introduced the notion of the labour power of nature as represented by the environmental services that nature provides.
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Phonphan, Walaiporn. "Application of Geo-Informatics to Estimate Agricultural Water Use in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (October 30, 2018): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221397.
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Water use of human depends on daily life activities. Agriculture is the main activity of Thailand. In the present, there are the extension of agriculture, industry, residence, and community which increase water demand. It can cause a problem of water use among urban, industrial and agricultural. Most agricultural in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand were planting crops such as pomelo, coconut and lychee, which are famous and generate a lot of income for farmers. The quality and quantity of water is an indicator for measure of the quality and yield of agricultural products. The aim of research is to estimate water use through geographic information system, and remote sensing from Landsat8 satellite. This research considers the main parameters which were; estimation of spatial rainfall runoff and quantity of evaporation, infiltration rate of the soil. To evaluate the amount of soil moisture in order to create soil moisture map for planning the utilization and management of water for agriculture. The classification land use was to investigate from Landsat8 which shown currently agricultural area. The result showed the soil moisture which distributes in each area especially the agricultural area. This information can be used by agriculturists and related organizations to plan and make the decision of growing appropriate plants according to the soil moisture for the sustainability of the agriculture.
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Adhikari, Parashu Ram. "An overview of pesticide management in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 18 (May 12, 2018): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v18i0.19894.
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Agriculture is a wider sector where 54% people are engaged and one-third GDP contributed to the nation. Due to diverse climatic regions, farmers grow different types of agricultural commodities and presence of different pests reduces their production and thus need to apply pesticides. Pesticide Registration and Management Division under the Department of Agriculture is a legal authority to register as well as restrict or ban certain pesticides used in the agricultural sector in Nepal. The paper also emphasizes how Nepal has doing pesticide reduction for the pest management in agriculture considering the food safety, animal and human health and environment protection. And it also focuses on the legal aspects on pesticide management and status of registered, restricted and banned pesticides in the context of neighboring countries and addresses to fulfill the obligations of the international convention related to pesticides and industrial chemicals.
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Goller, Michael, Carina Caruso, and Christian Harteis. "Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers." International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4.
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Purpose: This study aims at investigating how digitalisation (in the sense of industry 4.0) has changed the work of farmers and how they experience the changes from more traditional work to digitalised agriculture. It also investigates what knowledge farmers require on digitalised farms and how they acquire it. Dairy farming was used as domain of investigation since it, unlike other industries, has strongly been affected by digitalisation throughout the last years.Method: Exploratory interviews with 10 livestock farmers working on digitalised dairy farms were analysed using qualitative content analysis. A deductive and inductive coding strategy was used. Findings: Farming work has changed from more manual tasks towards symbol manipulation and data processing. Farmers must be able to use computers and other digital devices to retrieve and analyse sensor data that allow them to monitor and control the processes on their farm. For this new kind of work, farmers require elaborated mental models that link traditional farming knowledge with knowledge about digital systems, including a strong understanding of production processes underlying their farm. Learning is mostly based on instructions offered by manufacturers of the new technology as well as informal and non-formal learning modes. Even younger farmers report that digital technology was not sufficiently covered in their (vocational) degrees. In general, farmers emphasises the positive effects of digitalisation both on their working as well as private life. Conclusions: Farmers should be aware of the opportunities as well as the potential drawbacks of the digitalisation of work processes in agriculture. Providers of agricultural education (like vocational schools or training institutes) need to incorporate the knowledge and skills required to work in digitalised environments (e.g., data literacy) in their syllabi. Further studies are required to assess how digitalisation changes farming practices and what knowledge as well as skills linked to these developments are required in the future.
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Von Loeper, Wolfgang, Josephine Musango, Alan Brent, and Scott Drimie. "Analysing challenges facing smallholder farmers and conservation agriculture in South Africa: A system dynamics approach." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 5 (December 12, 2016): 747–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i5.1588.
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Smallholder farmers in South Africa find it challenging to participate in the modern economy. Most of these farmers have limited access to credit and insurance, and to markets in which to sell their produce. This paper reviews ethnographic research data and argues that smallholder farmers struggle to take part in modern agricultural value chains in South Africa. System dynamics modelling is used to understand the dynamics relating to agricultural value-chain participants, and to determine whether the ethnographic research data is sufficient to answer the question as to which value-chain participants potentially have the largest impact on smallholder farmers. The modelling results show that banks may have the potential to trigger an impact on smallholder farmers’ productivity that could then attract other value-chain industries to take part in efforts to support these farmers. Smallholder farmers could become a long-term viable and sustainable option for increasing food security in South Africa. However, this study has its limitations. The data used from existing ethnographic research, conducted by way of semi-structured interviews with valuechain participants, is limited and is not able to answer questions such as: (i) how much each industry is prepared to engage with smallholder farmers in the event of other industries being prepared to do the same; and (ii) how long it will take each industry to react to a willingness to engage. Ongoing research is required to extend the interviewee base and data in order to answer these questions and for the model to be completed and used for policy guidance.
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Lakitan, Benyamin. "Research and technology development in Southeast Asian economies are drifting away from agriculture and farmers’ needs." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 10, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-11-2017-0061.
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Purpose This paper aims to raise awareness on current shifting of R&D activities from agricultural-based Agriculture and agriculture-related Natural Sciences (ANS) to industrial-based Engineering, Computer, and Industry-related Sciences (ECI) in Southeast Asian (SEA) economies. This trend might cause stiffer challenges on effort to sustain food security in the region. Design/methodology/approach Five SEA countries were selected, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. R&D data were collected over the years 2001-2014. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Findings Malaysia has been in the process of shifting from ANS to ECI cluster, whereas Vietnam and Indonesia followed the trend but about a decade behind; meanwhile, the Philippines and Thailand kept their focus on ANS clusters. Within the ANS cluster, Malaysia and Thailand leaned towards Modern Biosciences and Modelling (MBM) sub-clusters. The Philippines, Vietnam and Indonesia were more focused on Agriculture and Conventional Biosciences (ACB) sub-cluster. ACB is more relevant and affordable to smallholder farmers. Shifting of R&D priority correlated with GDP per capita of SEA countries. Within ANS cluster, R&D activity in MBM increased but ACB decreased as GDP per capita increased. Research limitations/implications Data used in this study were limited to accessible 2001-2014 data in five selected SEA economies. Therefore, there is an open possibility for future research on extended timeline using more sophisticated data analysis. Practical implications Agricultural technology development should be relevant to needs of and affordable to smallholder farmers, as they are the primary food producers in developing economies. Social implications If the R&D activities continue to drift away from farmer’s needs, there will be a possible drawback of widening gap between developed agricultural technologies and absorptive capacity of smallholder farmers. Government institutions should revisit their R&D priority as the current trend could cause a serious obstacle in maintaining food security in the SEA region. Originality/value This frontier study provides an early warning for government in SEA economies and other developing countries for balancing between R&D for supporting smallholder farmers in food production and for enhancing national economic growth.
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Christina, Ling-hsing Chang, and Hsiao Weng-yi-lang. "On-line Agricultural Products Navigation System on the Google Earth." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 9 (September 11, 2017): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2016-agricecon.
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In the agricultural industry, many brokers exploit the benefits between farmers and customers and decrease the farmers’ income. As the technology has developed, the internet has become the best advertising medium for many industries. In light of this, this study based on the Google Earth has designed an on-line Agricultural Products Navigation System operated by mobile devices which can easily exclude brokers, and build the bridge between farmers and customers in order to increase the farmers income and customer benefits. Moreover, based on the IS success model of DeLone and McLean, by using the qualitative methodology, it is expected that this model will be able to provide system developers with the knowledge to improve the success of their systems.
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Sinnoor, Mala. "RA02 Based Multi-Purpose Agricultural Robot." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37248.
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Agriculture seems to be one of the main industries which contributes to the development of a nation. Agriculture is the backbone of a nation. 70% of the income in India is based on agriculture. In this era of modern technology there have been technological advancements in almost every industry. Generally in the farms a lot of time is consumed for activities such as seed sowing, grass cutting and so on. Agriculture nowadays is facing various issues such as lack of labor, expensive machinery and much more. This proposed system aims to bring down the work for the farmers and hence make it easier for them to handle the current crisis and problems in a better and more efficient manner. The robotic vehicle can be controlled remotely with the help of a remote and all this can be done with the help of a LoRa module in order to control the movements of the robotic vehicle.
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Chowhan, Sushan. "A review on Bangabandhu and agriculture: Future path for self-sufficiency in food production of Bangladesh." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0502018.
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Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is one of the rabble rousing, undisputable and charismatic leaders in the global history. Due to his inherent and extra ordinary qualities he gained the trust, support and hope of the general peoples (East-Bengalis). This paper aims to review the key roles played by him for uplifting the agricultural sector of Bangladesh. Bangladesh wouldn’t become independent and a sovereign country without his bold contribution. After the bloody liberation war of 1971; the country had a poor and fragile economy and shortage of all sorts of basic needs specially food. After the formation of government, the leader took revolutionary steps for reformation of the agricultural sector of the country. From his intuition he felt that, for agricultural development and gaining self-sufficiency in food production; some major changes have to be done. Thus, he put special emphasis on agricultural education, research, extension, industries and markets; he also waived the taxes on agricultural lands. To encourage innovative and talented students to study agriculture; he upgraded the status of the agriculturists to first class officer. Bangabandhu’s vision was clear, challenging and reality based. He decorated the agricultural policies basing on the farmers and their economic conditions. The leader put special importance in practicing integrated agriculture so that we may get all types of food (cereal, pulse, oil, vegetable, fruits, fish, and livestock). Due to his dynamic efforts and future guidelines at that time (1972-1975); today Bangladesh has not only achieved food security but also became a role model for agricultural development globally. Through his ideology and principles Bangladesh is moving rapidly forward to become a developed country by 2041.
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Weichelt, Bryan, William Ray, and Matthew Keifer. "Development of an Occupational Health Safe Return to Work Prototype Application and Ergonomics Dataset for Agricultural Tasks." Safety 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5020040.
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Serious, restrictive, non-fatal injuries are commonplace in large animal agriculture including in pork and dairy production. Primary care clinicians often have few resources to facilitate workers’ return to work and have difficulties communicating work restrictions/limitations to workers and their employers. This project developed SafeReturnToWork.org, a web-based platform to aid physicians and farmers in farmworkers’ timely and safe return to work. This prototype characterizes the duties of dairy and pork workers, and facilitates the creation of applicable light duty job assemblies for farmers and farmworkers by physicians and other healthcare providers. Guided by interviews and focus groups with physicians, farmers, and farmworkers, the system was developed for use with workplace injuries that could eventually link to human resource department systems, an electronic health record, or expand to other industries beyond agriculture.