Journal articles: 'Agriculture and state, italy'

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Ocelli Pinheiro, Raphael, Luiza F. A. de Paula, and Marco Giardino. "Agricultural Heritage: Contrasting National and International Programs in Brazil and Italy." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 6401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116401.

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Agricultural systems comprise an interdisciplinary field that studies the complex dimensions of agriculture. They should not be characterized only by their agricultural value, as they are part of several social, cultural, geological, and historical domains. We carried out quantitative and qualitative research to present and compare the current state of agricultural heritage programs and their development in Brazil and Italy, contrasting with the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). To this end, the history and the extension of these programs and sites were recovered. Moreover, the agricultural landscape diversity, the development of the regions, research and outreach, along with the communities, entities and government bodies involved were identified. Through a combination and quality of technical assessment and communities’ description, the analyzed agricultural heritage programs prove to be an endless source of useful information to the definition of policies aimed at rural areas, in addition to serving as a monitoring tool for many issues regarding biocultural diversity in landscape. Moreover, it shows where there is room for improvement while the countries are committed to engaging in national policies and entities on the promotion of agricultural heritage programs as major steps for investing in the “greening” of agricultural policies at different levels.

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Briamonte, Lucia, Stefano Vaccari, Franco Gaudio, Assunta Amato, Paolo Piatto, and Corrado Ievoli. "An overview of state subsidies in Italian agriculture in the period 2000-2019." Economia agro-alimentare, no. 3 (February 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2022oa14237.

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Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the trends and the main components of public support in agriculture in Italy over the last twenty years (2000-2019). For this analysis, the rich information contained in the CREA database "Agricultural expenditure of the Regions" was used, the most updated and constant source of information on public spending in agriculture, with regional details that distinguish it from other official statistical sources (Sotte, 1993; Sotte, 2000).Overall public support for the agri-food sector in the period under consideration decreased by about EUR 4 billion (from EUR 15.613 billion in 2000 to just below EUR 12 billion in 2019). The share of support in agricultural added value has also decreased: from 55% in 2000 to about 34% in 2019. Looking at the individual categories of support (EU CAP 1st and 2nd pillar funds, tax and social security reliefs, state transfers and regional funds) taken into consideration in the analysis, it is clear that this decrease is due to the halving of tax and social security reliefs (from 27 % to 17%), and the significant reduction in the support provided by the budgets of the Regions and Autonomous Provinces (from over 4 billion euros in 2000 to 1.7 billion euros in 2019). To this adds the reduction in governmental transfers (from 4.3% to 3.9%). As a result, EU support was consequently stable in the first decade and increased in the last ten years (from 43% in 2000 to 64% in 2019).&nbsp;

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Tomaš Simin, Mirela, Dragan Milić, Marica Petrović, Danica Glavaš-Trbić, Bojana Komaromi, and Katarina Katarina Durić. "Institutional Development of Organic Farming in the EU." Problemy Ekorozwoju 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2023.1.12.

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The concept of sustainable development has been attracting the attention of the scientific and professional community for decades. Various researches and papers focused on the concept of sustainability, exploring it through the prism of the economic, ecological and social subsystem. In this paper, the authors focus on agriculture and its sustainability. Starting from the assumption that organic farming is a sustainable system production, the authors turn to institutional support, trying to find a link between EU agricultural policy (CAP) and the growth of areas in organic agriculture. The research showed that this kind of support system failed to play the role that was intended for it and did not lead to mass acceptance of organic agriculture everywhere. Authors on the example of Denmark, Germany and Italy show the extent to which state support has influenced the expansion of areas under this system. Also, the comparison with the US agricultural policy leads to the conclusion that support policies for organic production constructed on a one-dimensional focus of payments per unit area will not lead to the expected results in terms of further progress and development of the organic sector.

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Domagała, Joanna. "Economic and Environmental Aspects of Agriculture in the EU Countries." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 7826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227826.

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The analysis of the economic efficiency of agriculture has been the subject of numerous studies. An economically efficient agricultural sector is not always environmentally efficient. Agriculture is a large emitter of greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that food production and agriculture are responsible for 21–37% of total global CO2 emissions. Due to the comprehensive assessment of the agricultural efficiency, it is worthwhile to apply to its measurement an integrated approach based on economic, energy and environmental aspects. These aspects were the main reasons for undertaking this research. The purpose of the study was to determine the economic, energy and environmental efficiency of agriculture in the EU Member States in 2019. The environmental analyses relate to the period 1990–2019. A total of 26 member states of the European Union (excluding Malta and Luxembourg) were selected for research. The sources of materials were Eurostat and the European Environmental Agency. This study was based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method, and used the DEA model focused on minimizing inputs. The research also adopts energy productivity and greenhouse gas emission efficiency indicators. The DEA model features the following variables: one effect (value of agricultural production) and four inputs (land, labour, use of fertilizers and use of energy). It was found that seven out of the 26 studied EU countries have efficient agriculture. The efficient agriculture group included The Netherlands, Denmark, Greece, Cyprus, the United Kingdom, Italy and Ireland. Based on the DEA method, benchmarks have been defined for countries with inefficient agriculture. On the basis of these benchmarks for inefficient agricultural sectors, it was possible to determine how they could improve efficiency to achieve the same results with fewer inputs. This issue is particularly important in the context of sustainable agricultural development. In the next stage of the research, the analysis of economic and energy efficiency was combined with the analysis of GHG emission efficiency in agriculture. Four groups of countries have been distinguished: eco-efficiency leaders, eco-efficiency followers, environmental slackers, eco-efficiency laggards. The leaders of the classification were The Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal.

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Salazar, Osvaldo, Claudia Rojas, Cecilia Baginsky, Sofía Boza, Gabriela Lankin, Andrés Muñoz-Sáez, Jorge F. Pérez-Quezada, et al. "Challenges for agroecology development for the building of sustainable agri-food systems." International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 47, no. 3 (December 2020): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i3.2308.

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Environmental and social crises in agriculture have led to growing recognition that more ecologically sustainable and socially just food and agricultural systems are needed. This thematic number of the International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources gathers the papers submitted to the workshop “Challenges for agroecology development for the building of sustainable agri-food systems,” an OECD Co-operative Research Programme-sponsored conference. The aim of the workshop was to promote the transition from conventional agriculture towards agroecology as a science, practice and social movement through sharing the experiences of different OECD countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United States. The main topics discussed at the workshop included i) agroecology development in OECD countries: local experiences and international collaboration; ii) agroecology as a social movement and related public policies; iii) agroecology education to promote sustainable agri-food systems; and iv) science, innovation and technologies in agroecological systems. While not a comprehensive assessment of the state of agroecology in OECD countries, this thematic number integrates diverse perspectives on some main research and policy advances and uncovers some existing gaps in agroecology practice as an approach for transitioning towards ecologically sustainable and socially just agricultural systems

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Smykov, A. V., and N. V. Mesyats. "State analysis of horticulture and peach culture in the world." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 155 (November 16, 2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2020-2-155-130-137.

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Aim and task: conduct an analysis of scientific and technical literature, identify trends in world production of fruit crops and peaches. Methods. The article uses official data from the FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Statistics Division) (http://www.fao.org/faostat/ru), Federal Customs Service (http://customs.ru/statistic), Federal State Statistics Service (https://www.gks.ru). Statistical reports for the period from 1998 to 2017 were taken for analysis. The article uses official data from the FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Statistics Division) (http://www.fao.org/faostat/ru), Federal Customs Service (http://customs.ru/statistic), Federal State Statistics Service (https://www.gks.ru). Statistical reports for the period from 1998 to 2017 were taken for analysis. Results. The volume of fruit produced, the area under orchards is increasing annually throughout the world. The highest yield (20.0 - 37.7 t / ha) for all crops was achieved in the USA, the Netherlands, Egypt, France, Italy and others, and the gross fruit yield (2565 - 877177 thousand tons) is the highest in China, the USA, Turkey, India, Iran and others. The total volume of imports of the main types of fruits to Russia in 2016 amounted to 4,159.6 thousand tons, which is 4.6% or 181.7 thousand tons more than in 2015. In the structure of fruit supplies, the largest share in 2016, bananas, tangerines, apples, oranges, lemons, pears, grapes occupied. Peach remains in the world one of the main stone fruit crops. The leaders in the production of peach fruits are China, Italy, Spain, USA, Greece. In Russia, there is a shortage of peach production. Its import is 37.4 thousand tons of fruits (2016) and exceeds its own production. Main conclusions. The most important task remains the development of horticulture in Russia and the reduction of fruit imports on the domestic market.

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Sukhodolov, Yakov. "Current State of Russo-Chinese Investment Cooperation." Russian and Chinese Studies 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2020.4(1).10-17.

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China is traditionally a leading foreign trade partner of Russia. And its share in the total volume of foreign trade has a positive dynamics. At the same time, the dynamics of the Russo-Chinese investment cooperation sufficiently lags behind the dynamics of development of the Russo-Chinese foreign trade relations. At present, China considerably lags behind France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy in regard to direct investments in Russia’ economy. The major part of direct investments from China falls upon the mining and petrochemical industries, the wood and paper complex, the agriculture, and the real estate sphere. At the same time, the Chinese investors also implement several investment projects in the machine-building sphere. The Russo-Chinese cooperation has good prospects, especially in the sphere of implementing joint transport-logistic and infrastructural projects, as well as the projects in processing industry.

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Chrobocińska, Katarzyna, and Katarzyna Łukiewska. "Development of organic agriculture in selected countries of the European Union." Economics and Environment 89, no. 2 (June 27, 2024): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2024.89.2.655.

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The aim of the article was to assess the state and trends in the development of organic agriculture in selected European Union countries. The study presented and compared organic farming in 10 EU countries with the largest area of organic crops. The research shows that the largest area of organic crops was found in large agricultural countries of the EU, including i.e. France, Spain, and Italy, where there were the most organic farms. The only country that in 2020 exceeded the level of 25% of the share of ecological areas in the total area of the country recommended by the European Green Deal was Austria. The niche nature of organic production was related to, among others, relatively low production profitability and low demand for organic food. In such a situation, it is worth recommending activities supporting organic farming, including ecological payments and other pro-ecological solutions.

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Migliorini, Paola, Vasileios Gkisakis, Victor Gonzalvez, Ma Raigón, and Paolo Bàrberi. "Agroecology in Mediterranean Europe: Genesis, State and Perspectives." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082724.

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The Mediterranean agro-food systems need to be properly managed. A promising pathway is the transition towards more sustainable food systems through agroecology, which represents the ecology of food systems. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of agroecology is described for three representative euro-Mediterranean countries: Italy, Greece, and Spain. The analysis has been partly based on results of a dedicated literature search and partly on grey literature and expert knowledge. After an overview of the history of agroecology, targeted research and education, collective action (political and social), and some agroecological practices in the three countries are presented. These countries share a rather similar use of the term “agroecology”, but they differ regarding (i) the existence/extent of strong civil and social movements; (ii) the type of study/educational programmes, and the relative importance of different scientific disciplines and their evolution; (iii) the development of political support and legal frameworks; and (iv) the elaboration of concepts to rediscover traditional practices and apply new ones, often taken from the organic agriculture sector. Agroecology is an emerging concept for the Mediterranean agricultural sector, with huge potential due to the peculiar socio-cultural, bio-physical, and political-economic features of the region. To boost agroecology in Mediterranean Europe, better networking and engagement of different actors within a coherent institutional framework supporting the transition is strongly needed.

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Rutkiewicz, Krzysztof, and Angelika Pruchnicka. "STATE AID IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SECTORS AND IN RURAL AREAS IN RESPECT OF THE COMPETITION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE YEARS 2004-2015." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3257.

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The aim of the study is to discuss the legal and economic aspects of granting of state aid in the sectors of agriculture, forestry and in rural areas in the light of the EU competition policy in the years 2004-2015. The methods of deduction, descriptive, critical-cognitive and comparative analysis of statistical data (derived from Eurostat database) on the value and structure of state aid for sectoral targets in the EU-28, were used. State aid in the EU is the instrument aimed at achieving the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, which strengthens the competitiveness and profitability of all agricultural branches, promotes the sustainable forest management and territorial development of rural areas, stimulating the actions in the field of climate and energy efficiency. The greatest beneficiaries of state aid in the agricultural sector in the years 2004- 2015 were: France (16%), Germany (12%), Finland (10%), Italy (9%), Spain (8%), Poland (7%), Great Britain (6%) and Netherlands (5%). In the structure of state aid in the EU-28 Member States, tax exemptions were the predominant use (14%), followed by investments in agricultural holdings (13.6%), support to the livestock sector (8%), animal disease control (6%), agricultural and livestock insurance contributions (5.4%), technical support (5%), forestry support (4.8%), aid for research & development & innovation (4.7%), adverse weather events (4%), public expenditures for environmental protection and compensations for natural disasters and other exceptional occurrences (3.5% each).

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Amato, Assunta, Tatiana Castellotti, Giulia Diglio, Maria Assunta D'Oronzio, Franco Gaudio, and Mariacarmela Suanno. "The efficiency of agricultural spending in Italy: A territorial analysis." Economia agro-alimentare 25, no. 2 (October 2023): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2023oa14940.

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This paper assesses the efficiency of public agricultural expenditure in each Italian region through the analysis of regional budgets, both as a whole and in relation to specific agricultural policy measures. The degree of integration/complementarity between regional funds and Community funds of the second pillar of the CAP is also evaluated, in order to determine whether European resources are used by the Regions as a substitute for or in addition to regional measures. In Italy, public agricultural funding comes from three sources: the EU, the State, and the regions. While the literature on the effectiveness and efficiency of public spending in agriculture focuses on EU funds, the present research also takes into consideration the agricultural spending of Regions.This original analysis of agricultural spending at the regional level has been made possible by the databank of the CREA (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics), which has been gathering information on the allocations, payments, and remaining balances of regional accounts since 1990. The expenditure items for the agricultural sector included in the regional budgets were reclassified according to an original methodology created by the INEA (National Institute of Agricultural Economics, today CREA). The results show that the overall efficiency of public expenditure has improved over the last two decades (from less than 40% in 2000 to just over 50% in 2019). This improvement is quite evident in the South and the Islands and less so in the North. Agricultural policy measures that can be defined as "short term measures" (contributions to public and private entities involved in agricultural and forestry activities for running costs, such as salaries, telephone, electricity, etc.) show a good spending capacity, while measures requiring planning, such as business investments, still present difficulties. As regards integration/complementarity between regional funds and EU Fund for Rural Development Programmes (RDPs), the regions have been classified depending or whether or not they differentiate between the RDP financing and Budget financing. In the most recent period of 2014-2020, most regions have tended to target both sources of funding to support the same types of priority activities.

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Song, Huiqi, Pengwei Chen, Yongxun Zhang, and Youcheng Chen. "Study Progress of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS): A Literature Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 10859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910859.

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Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS), as a new type of heritage, has received extensive attention from the international scientific communities. With the increase of IAHS research, reviews on it have been conducted by many scholars. However, visualized research to show future research trends of IAHS are lacking. Therefore, using metrology analysis methods, this study aims at presenting the progress of research and the general development trends of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in the world from 2006 to 2020 to provide ideas for the development of countries or regions in the future. This study mapped 292 literatures from Web of Science core collections from 2006 to 2020 by CiteSpace software. The results show that research on IAHS from 2006 to 2020 experienced two stages: the fluctuating increase stage, and the steady growth stage. Author groups from China, Italy, the USA, Japan, etc., contributed many papers on IAHS. Institutions including the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the University of Florence and the University of Padua in Italy, etc., have a relatively high influence on international IAHS research. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment is the most cited journal. Agricultural Heritage Systems, regeneration, agriculture, agroforestry, dry-stone wall, social capital, instability, and agricultural biodiversity have been hotspots in the past 15 years. The research themes mainly focus on GIAHS, tourism, livelihood assets, and direct georeferencing. Authors in different regions concern different research themes. In the future, the fields of applications and microscopic views, social sciences, applications of standardized quantitative research methods, and broadened international cooperation should be paid more attention.

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Nerva, Luca, Lorenza Dalla Costa, Angelo Ciacciulli, Silvia Sabbadini, Vera Pavese, Luca Dondini, Elisa Vendramin, et al. "The Role of Italy in the Use of Advanced Plant Genomic Techniques on Fruit Trees: State of the Art and Future Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020977.

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Climate change is deeply impacting the food chain production, lowering quality and yield. In this context, the international scientific community has dedicated many efforts to enhancing resilience and sustainability in agriculture. Italy is among the main European producers of several fruit trees; therefore, national research centers and universities undertook several initiatives to maintain the specificity of the ‘Made in Italy’ label. Despite their importance, fruit crops are suffering from difficulties associated with the conventional breeding approaches, especially in terms of financial commitment, land resources availability, and long generation times. The ‘new genomic techniques’ (NGTs), renamed in Italy as ‘technologies for assisted evolution’ (TEAs), reduce the time required to obtain genetically improved cultivars while precisely targeting specific DNA sequences. This review aims to illustrate the role of the Italian scientific community in the use of NGTs, with a specific focus on Citrus, grapevine, apple, pear, chestnut, strawberry, peach, and kiwifruit. For each crop, the key genes and traits on which the scientific community is working, as well as the technological improvements and advancements on the regeneration of local varieties, are presented. Lastly, a focus is placed on the legal aspects in the European and in Italian contexts.

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Lee, Joan. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 7, No. 1." Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n1p156.

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Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Aftab Alam, Vice President Agriculture (R&D), Edenworks Inc. New York, United StatesAhmed Ghannam, University of Strasbourg, FranceAmor Slama, Science Faculty of Bizerte, TunisiaBed Mani Dahal, Kathmandu University, NepalBenedict Jonathan Kayombo, Botswana College of Agriculture, BotswanaBeye Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Cote d'IvoireCarlos Enrrik Pedrosa, Alis - Bom Despacho - MG, BrazilClara Ines Pardo Martinez, University of La Salle, ColombiaCristina Bianca Pocol, University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine of Cluj Napoca, RomaniaEntessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, SyriaFrancesco Sunseri, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Italy, ItalyGema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, SpainInder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), IndiaJanakie Shiroma Saparamadu, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Sri LankaJiun-Yan Loh, UCSI University, MalaysiaKatarzyna Panasiewicz, Pozna? University of Life Sciences, Department of Agronomy, PolandManuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), PortugalMarcelo Augusto Gonçalves Bardi, Universidade Sao Francisco, BrazilMaren Langhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, GermanyMehmet Yagmur, Ahi Evran University, TurkeyMrutyunjay Swain, Sardar Patel University, IndiaMukantwali Christine, Rwanda Agriculture Board, RwandaMurtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, PakistanPelin Günç Ergönül, Celal Bayar University, TurkeyRaghuveer Sripathi, Advanta US, Inc., USARam Swaroop Jat, ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, IndiaRoberto José Zoppolo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Uruguay), UruguaySilviu Beciu, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, RomaniaStefano Marino, University of Molise, ItalySubbu Kumarappan, Ohio State ATI, United StatesSubhash Chand, Central Agricultural Research Institute CARI Port Blair, IndiaTenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Ethiopia

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Kravchenko, Olha, Anatolii Kucher, Maria Hełdak, Lesia Kucher, and Joanna Wysmułek. "Socio-Economic Transformations in Ukraine towards the Sustainable Development of Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 5441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135441.

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The social and economic conditions of all market participants are incentives and constraining factors influencing the levels of food, social, economic and ecologic security. The purpose of the article lies in the presentation of the author’s concept of the social and economic conditions where the transformation of economic relations between agrofood market participants is happening—in particular, the livestock products market of Ukraine—and the assessment of the state of food security of the country, as well as a comparison, by the same criteria, of the conditions of agrofood market participants in Ukraine and in four European countries: Germany, France, Italy, and Poland. This research was based on the application of empirical knowledge methods: observation, comparison, description, measurement, statistic methods, etc. So far, the participant functioning conditions in the agricultural market in Ukraine are unfavorable for the sustainable development of agriculture, especially the livestock industry. The debt burden of external creditors is growing, the amount of direct investments from the countries of the world decreases, and the growth of capital investment in terms of calculation per one employee is slowing down. The food security of Ukraine is unstable. The “market” itself is not capable of remedying all the negative phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the weighted power of the state.

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Muzychka, J., and O. Dadak. "Foreign experience of agricultural insurance and prospects of its adaptation in Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 95 (October 28, 2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9504.

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In the articles of the considered process of agrarian insurance in foreign countries. The essence of the concept of “agricultural insurance” and “agricultural insurance risk" is revealed. The history of development of agricultural insurance in the international market of insurance services is studied. There are several well-known national agricultural insurance systems and their characteristics. The national systems and participants of agrarian insurance in the countries of the world, namely: the United States of America, Canada, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Austria, France, Germany, Latvia and Poland are singled out. It is proved that in most countries of the world the importance of insurance of risks of agricultural production as an irreplaceable financial and economic lever of development of agriculture and economy of the countries is described. The most important measures that are provided and mandatory for the participants of the above-mentioned foreign national agricultural insurance systems are highlighted. Models of agricultural insurance in different countries are characterized by certain features: the state is an active participant in the agricultural insurance system; insurance is overwhelmingly voluntary; state policy in the field of insurance is characterized by structure and transparency; the state subsidizes both agricultural producers and insurance companies; Appropriate state institutions and appropriate levers of financial influence are created for the development and implementation of state policy in the field of agricultural insurance. Based on the experience of foreign countries, three main operating systems of agricultural insurance protection have been identified: the system of catastrophic coverage, the system of state administration of agricultural insurance programs, the system of cooperation between the state and insurance companies. It is noted that there is also an inefficient system of “state insurance company”, which sells agricultural insurance services. The main normative acts regulating the insurance process in Ukraine are described. It was proposed to introduce a new program of state support for agricultural insurance, which would clearly define: the subjects of the market of insurance of agricultural products with state support, insurance contracts, insurance rules, the mechanism for providing state support to farmers; information support of state support of agricultural insurance.

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Brook, Anna, Keren Salinas, Eugenia Monaco, and Antonello Bonfante. "LCIS DSS—An Irrigation Supporting System for Efficient Water Use in Precision Agriculture." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030021.

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The sustainable management of water resources is one of the most important topics to face future climate change and food security. Many countries facing a serious water crisis, due to both natural and artificial causes. The efficient use of water in agriculture is one of the most significant agricultural challenges that modern technologies. These last are considered powerful management instruments able to help farmers achieve the best efficiency in irrigation water use and to increase their incomes by obtaining the highest possible crop yield. In this context, within the project “An advanced low cost system for farm irrigation support—LCIS” (a joint Italian Israeli R&D project), a fully transferable Decision Support Systems (DSS) for irrigation support, based on three different methodologies representative of the state of the art in irrigation management tools (W-Tens, in situ soil sensor; IRRISAT®, remote sensing; W-Mod, simulation modelling of water balance in the soil-plant and atmosphere system), has been developed. These three LCIS-DSS tools have been evaluated, in terms of their ability to support the farmer in irrigation management, in a real applicative case study in Italy and Israel. The main challenge of a new DSS for irrigation is attributed to the uncertain factors during the growing season such as weather uncertainty, and crop monitoring platform. For encounter this challenge, we developed during two years the LCIS, a web-based real-time DSS for irrigation scheduling using low-cost imaging spectroscopy for state estimation of the agriculture system and probabilistic short- and medium-term climate forecasts. While the majority of the existing DSS models are incorporated directly into the optimization framework, we propose to integrate continuous feedback from the field (e.g., soil moisture, crop water-stress, plant stage, LAI, and biomass) estimated based on remote sensing information. These field data will be collected by the point-based spectrometer and hyperspectral imaging system. Then a low-cost camera will be designed for specific spectral/spatial parameters (bound to the required feedbacks). The main objectives were: developing real-time Decision Support System (DSS) for optimal irrigation scheduling at farm scale for crop yield improvement, reducing irrigation cost, and water saving; developing a low-cost imaging spectroscopy framework to support the irrigation scheduling DSS above and facilitates its use in countries/places where expensive imaging spectroscopy is not available; examining the developed framework in real-life application, the framework will be calibrated evaluated using high resolution devices and tested using a low-cost system in Israel and Italy farms.

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Cammerino, Anna Rita Bernadette, Michela Ingaramo, and Massimo Monteleone. "Complementary Approaches to Planning a Restored Coastal Wetland and Assessing the Role of Agriculture and Biodiversity: An Applied Case Study in Southern Italy." Water 16, no. 1 (December 30, 2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16010153.

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The European Parliament has recently passed the “Nature Recovery” law to restore degraded ecosystems and prevent natural disasters as part of its “Biodiversity Strategy 2030” and “Green Deal”. In this respect, wetlands can provide a wide range of ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation, hydrological land protection, provision of products, cultural and recreational benefits, and many others. However, they are still threatened by the expansion of agricultural land, overexploitation of water resources, water pollution, climate change, etc. Wetland conservation, however, is essential and requires coordinated action by managers, policymakers, stakeholders, and scientists. A systemic planning and design process is required to address these complex challenges. This research aims to outline an integrated, comprehensive, and well-structured planning framework for wetland systems that can be applied to different wetland types, in line with institutional wetland policy, governance, and management. The methodological approach developed in this study aims to integrate a longer-term strategy plan with a shorter-term action plan by combining the Yeomans scale of permanence and the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response model. This innovative approach was applied to a specific case study and may guide further wetland planning in the future. The Nominal Group Technique was used, a consensus method aimed at achieving a general agreement and convergence of opinion. An expert group of seven members with different technical backgrounds was engaged and expert consultation was found to be a simple and rapid technique for carrying out wetland planning. The expert judgements were sound, consistent, and did not overlap (i.e., were not redundant). “Pressures” and “Impacts” were identified by the experts and clustered according to corresponding “States” and “Drivers”. Expert scoring allowed the resulting “Responses” to be ranked in terms of their relevance and influence on the development of the wetland strategy and action plan, while a priority order for their implementation was assessed according to the Yeomans scale of permanence. Agriculture was the highest rated ‘Driver’; similarly, Biodiversity (habitats and species) was the ‘State’ with the highest score. Therefore, their combination (agriculture and biodiversity) should be considered as the strategic cornerstone of the whole planning framework. This means designing and implementing a system in which agriculture and nature (in our case a wetland) are allied ecological systems in mutual compensation, according to the way natural elements are embedded in the agricultural system. A collection of factsheets containing the full list of responses considered in the Wetlands Action Plan, with detailed operational actions, is provided in the Appendixes.

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Simonetto, Michele. "Accademie agrarie italiane del XVIII secolo. Profili storici dimensione sociale (prima parte)." SOCIETÀ E STORIA, no. 124 (October 2009): 261–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2009-124003.

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- The author outlines the chronological development of agrarian academies in eighteenth century Italy and connects it with the cultural, social, economic and political context in the various states concerned. The author points out common traits and dissimilarities between different areas, the changing relationship between the State and civil society, the links between local patriotism and cosmopolitan inclinations. Thr eclectical nature and the limits of the movement are also dealt with, as are historiographical debates and questions still open for research.Key words: agrarian societies; agriculture; agronomy; enlightenment; historiography; reformsParole chiave: accademie agrarie; agricoltura; agronomia; illuminismo; riforme; storiografia.

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Baidala, Viktoriia, Vira Butenko, Vitalii Vakulenko, Pavlo Yastrebov, and Liu Xiaowei. "Assessing the level of organic farming development in the European countries." Environmental Economics 15, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.15(1).2024.05.

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Organic farming is an essential approach to agriculture that seeks to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and ensure the sustainability of food production. The study aims to determine the integral index of the development of organic farming and to create a clustering model of organic farming in European countries. As a research methodology, additive-multiplicative convolution was used to determine the integral index of organic farming development. Cluster analysis (the Ward method and the k-means clustering method) identified respective clusters. The integrated index is based on eight indicators of organic farming from the Eurostat database, 2012–2020, and ranges from zero to one. The following countries have the highest value of the integral index: Italy (0.57), France (0.54), Spain (0.54), Germany (0.45), and Turkey (0.47). Three clusters were identified according to eight indicators of organic agriculture. The first cluster includes countries-leaders in agricultural territories (about 2.1 million hectare) with the highest state financial support for agricultural research and development (1.1 billion euros). The second cluster includes countries with the most minor organic farming operators (50-100 operators). The third cluster includes countries with the highest index of annual income from the sale of farm products (200-220 points) but with the highest level of usage of dangerous pesticides (250 points). The heterogeneity of clusters allows one to determine the strengths and weaknesses of organic farming in European countries.

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Jarka, Sławomir, and Marzena Trajer. "Support for the Beekeeping Sector in Poland and the European Union." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.109.

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The aim of the work was to present a support mechanism for bee products market implemented after Poland's accession to the European Union, including within the framework of national beekeeping support programs. The elaboration included information contained in legal acts of the European Commission, MRiRW and KOWR. Support for the beekeeping sector in Poland and the EU is related to the policy of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. The amount of funds addressed to individual beneficiaries depends on the size of the sector in a given Member State. Spain, France, Greece, Romania and Italy, and Poland received the highest amounts of support under the EU budget.

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Ramm, Klara, and Marzena Smol. "Water Reuse—Analysis of the Possibility of Using Reclaimed Water Depending on the Quality Class in the European Countries." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (August 23, 2023): 12781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712781.

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In 2020, the European Commission (EC) defined a legal requirement for water reuse for agricultural purposes in the European Union (EU). EU Regulation (2020/741) on minimum requirements for water reuse should mobilize member states to implement solutions for the use of reclaimed water. This paper aims to examine the state of implementation of the provisions of this Regulation at the time of its entry into force. Based on desk research, the legal status of water reuse in EU countries, with particular emphasis on the issues of reclaimed water quality and its applications, was analyzed. The state of implementation of solutions regulating water reuse varies significantly across the EU’s countries. Central and Eastern European (e.g., Poland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) countries are in no rush to regulate water reuse in agriculture; some will take advantage of the derogation to gain more time to consider it. Southern countries (e.g., Greece, Italy, France, Spain) are the most advanced and have experience in practical implementations gained before the Regulation was introduced. However, they use different quality control parameters. For now, France, Greece, Portugal, and Spain have fully implemented EC Regulation (2020/741); Belgium, Hungary, and Italy have partially implemented it; Malta has implemented it practically but not formally; and Cyprus has implemented it in distributed regulations. It should be pointed out that the potential for water reuse in the EU is significant, and this process is needed due to climate change consequences for Europe’s water resources. Therefore, further initiatives are expected, including the implementation by other countries of the provisions of Regulation (2020/741) in the coming decades.

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McNamara, John J. "PIETAS AND THE ALIMENTA ITALIAE." Pediatrics 79, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.4.643.

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Pietas is the Roman virtue which describes the concern and respect of the father for his children, or the state for its citizens. The Roman state was informed by religious values and traditional virtues. The Alimenta Italiae is the first known nutrition program for children initiated by the emperor Nerva (96-98 A.D.) and expanded by the emperor Trajan (98-117 A.D.). The scheme worked in this fashion: The state, in order to support agriculture made available to farmers low interest loans, however, the interest on the loans was repaid directly to municipalities which were obliged to use the money to provide food and necessities for poor children. The scheme ultimately came to cover thousands of children in Italy and was widely acclaimed. "Alim. Italiae" appears frequently on the coins of Trajan proclaiming the program to the known world. Despite much blather about traditional virtues, there is no positive family policy in this country. However, we do have a new agricultural policy which is to liquidate dairy herds lest the land be flowing with milk if not honey. Here, in one of the wealthier provinces failure to thrive is endemic. At the Brockton Hospital it is rare that a child is not hospitalized with the diagnosis of nonorganic failure to thrive. "Quo usque tandem abutere patientia nostra?"; loosely translated with apologies "Gimme a break."

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Kovalev, I. L. "World trends in agricultural engineering and the direction of technical and technological modernization of crop production in the Republic of Belarus." Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2006-04.

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Some basic directions in the global development of agricultural machinery and global trends in the dig-ital transformation of agriculture are reviewed and identified based on analysis of reports and articles by well-known expert organizations in this field. The analysis of the technical re-equipment of the Belarusian crop production over the past decade has been carried out, the directions of digitalization of agricultural production of the republic identified by the current State programs in the agricultural sector and Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 8 "On the Development of the Digital Economy" have been determined.

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Arion, Oksana V. "Geographical indications and traditional products as the basis of enogastronomic tourism: significance for the development of rural communities (on the example of Italy)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 33, no. 1 (March 23, 2024): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112401.

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This article is dedicated to exploring geographical indications and traditional products as the foundation for the development of gastronomic tourism and their collective impact on the development of rural communities. Italy has been chosen as the research subject – one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, a country with the highest number of registered geographical indications, and a well-established tradition of rural tourism. Analyzing Italy’s experience regarding the contribution of traditional products and geographical indications to the development of national tourism and the economy of rural communities and the state as a whole allows for assessing Ukraine’s development vectors in this field. Based on the analysis of bibliographic databases, the significant relevance of such research is evident. Despite some publicity, there are relatively few publications on this topic in Ukrainian scientific journals. In contrast, English-language publications cover geographical indications, gastronomic, and wine tourism much more extensively both thematically and territorially. The research relies on periodicals of relevant international organizations, public associations, etc. Analysis of the World Intellectual Property Organization’s annual reports revealed that over 90% of the world’s geographical indications in recent years fall into the categories of «wines and spirits» and «agricultural products and food». Regarding Italy, statistical data from the World Tourism Organization confirmed its stable position in global tourism (fifth place in tourist arrivals and receipts for the last decade or more) and a surplus growth in the tourism balance (19 billion USD in 2019), leading the UN WTO to characterize it as a «country of powerful growth». Recent publications from the World Tourism Organization noted significant recovery rates of international tourism in Italy in the post-pandemic period. According to Coldiretti, the national confederation of agricultural, fishing, agri-food, and environmental sectors in Italy, the projected contribution to the country’s economy in 2023 exceeds 30 billion euros from national and foreign tourists who increasingly choose to vacation in rural areas. This trend is attributed to Italy’s leadership in gastronomic and wine tourism, with over 5,000 traditional product names and 838 products and wines protected by geographical indications (as of 2023, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry of Italy), as well as the immense potential of agro- tourism. The article also highlights the significant role played by the representation of Italy’s unique agro-landscapes as cultural land- scapes of UNESCO World Heritage, FAO World Agricultural Heritage (GIAHS project), etc., in the development of rural communities. The analysis and overview of the current implementation of the system of geographical indications and guaranteed traditional features in Ukraine allowed for identifying certain strategic directions for applying Italian experience in Ukrainian territories.

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Romashchenko, M. I., R. V. Saidak, V. P. Panteleev, and S. R. Goss. "ANALYSIS OF METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF WATER TARIFFS FOR IRRIGATION AND COMPENSATION OF COSTS FOR RECLAMATION INFRASTRUCTURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (July 11, 2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-361.

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The practice of EU countries on the establishment of water tariffs for irrigation of agricultural crops and the procedures for recouping funds spent on water supply for irrigation is considered. As the main sources of information for the manuscript were noted publications and regulatory documents of Ukraine, reports of EU bodies, and the World Bank, in which a critical analysis of pricing practices in irrigated agriculture in EU countries for 2005-2023 was carried out. The grouping of information on the area of irrigated land, the level of return of funds spent on water supply, and attention is paid to a methodical approach to the development of tariffs for water transportation. The interpretation of the reasons for the natural character, which were guided by state management bodies when applying economic tools for irrigation management in their territories, are presented. For certain countries with big areas of irrigated land (Italy, France, Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Romania), significant achievements of tariff formation and reimbursement of funds have been determined. Aspects of water tariff formation, water accounting, development of water user associations, and taxation of water fees are disclosed. countries were classified according to water pricing, taking into account the state of water resources and melioration systems, types of tariffs, pricing mechanisms, the state of return of funds spent on water supply due to tariffs, measurement of water volumes, as well as solving additional problems of applying economic tools in irrigated agriculture – institutional (administrative, legal) measures, the impact of water charges on the country’s agricultural economy, etc. Since the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are the dominant approach in the implementation of tariff formation in irrigation in EU countries, the level of achievement of indicators of the quality of WFD implementation by countries was considered. It has been established that the vast majority of global practices for forming tariffs for water supply services for irrigation, capital investments in reclamation infrastructure, and its maintenance, show that they are based both on national interests and on the interest of water users and organizations that provide logistical support.

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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 10 No. 2." Journal of Food Research 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v10n2p56.

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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2 Ammar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, Norway Bernardo Pace, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Italy Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria Jose Maria Zubeldia, Clinical Regulatory Consultant for the HIV & Hepatitis C initiative at Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Spain Leonardo Martín Pérez, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Argentina Marco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Italy Marta Mesias, Spanish National Research Council, Spain Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia Olutosin Otekunrin, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria Rozilaine A. P. G. Faria, Federal Institute of Science, Education and Technology of Mato Grosso, Brazil Tanima Bhattacharya, Novel Global Community Education Foundation, Australia Teodora E. Coldea, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Xingjun Li, Academy of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, China

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Mariotti Lippi, Marta, Bruno Foggi, Biancamaria Aranguren, Annamaria Ronchitelli, and Anna Revedin. "Multistep food plant processing at Grotta Paglicci (Southern Italy) around 32,600 cal B.P." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 39 (September 8, 2015): 12075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505213112.

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Residue analyses on a grinding tool recovered at Grotta Paglicci sublayer 23A [32,614 ± 429 calibrated (cal) B.P.], Southern Italy, have demonstrated that early modern humans collected and processed various plants. The recording of starch grains attributable to Avena (oat) caryopses expands our information about the food plants used for producing flour in Europe during the Paleolithic and about the origins of a food tradition persisting up to the present in the Mediterranean basin. The quantitative distribution of the starch grains on the surface of the grinding stone furnished information about the tool handling, confirming its use as a pestle-grinder, as suggested by the wear-trace analysis. The particular state of preservation of the starch grains suggests the use of a thermal treatment before grinding, possibly to accelerate drying of the plants, making the following process easier and faster. The study clearly indicates that the exploitation of plant resources was very important for hunter–gatherer populations, to the point that the Early Gravettian inhabitants of Paglicci were able to process food plants and already possessed a wealth of knowledge that was to become widespread after the dawn of agriculture.

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Bugin, Giuseppe, Lucia Lenzi, Giulia Ranzani, Luigino Barisan, Claudio Porrini, Augusto Zanella, and Cristian Bolzonella. "Agriculture and Pollinating Insects, No Longer a Choice but a Need: EU Agriculture’s Dependence on Pollinators in the 2007–2019 Period." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 3644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063644.

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One of the new objectives laid out by the European Union’s Common Agriculture Policy is increasing environmental sustainability. In this paper we compare the degree of average dependence index for each member state (ADIMS) in EU28 from 2007 to 2019 in order to verify the following: (1) whether there was a difference in this index when comparing two CAP periods—(a) from 2007 to 2013 and (b) from 2014 to 2019—and (2) which crops had a larger effect on the ADIMS. The study showed no significant variation in the average ADIMS at EU level between the first (2007–2013) and second (2014–2019) CAP periods. The AIDMS index highlighted three types of EU agriculture: (1) agriculture in Eastern Europe, including Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, characterized by a high level of ADIMS (10.7–22) due to the widespread cultivation of oil crops as rapeseed and sunflower; (2) Mediterranean agriculture including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Greece, Malta, Cyprus and France with lower AIDMS levels (5.3–10.3) given their heterogeneous crop portfolios with different degrees of dependence on animal pollination (almond, soy, rapeseed, sunflower and tomatoes) and (3) continental agriculture including Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Baltic countries, Benelux, Finland, Sweden and Ireland, which are characterized by the lowest ADIMS level (0.7–10.6) due to the widespread cultivation of cereals (anemophily and self-pollination) which increase the denominator of the index. The study suggests that a sustainable management of the agroecosystem will be possible in the future only if CAP considers pollinators’ requirements by quantifying the timing and spatial food availability from cultivated and uncultivated areas.

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Кrut’, М. V. "Botanist and entomologist – Kh.Kh. Steven." Ukrainian Entomological Journal 16, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/281907.

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Khristian Khristianovich Steven is a founder and first director of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, a general inspector of sericulture and agriculture of South Russia (1826–1851). He was a known researcher of nature of XIX century, botanist, entomologist and horticulturist. On constant inspector tours he investigated the experience of sericulture, viticulture and horticulture, gathered collections of insects, herbariums. In 1808 he created a silk-mill near Bendery. In 1820–1821 Steven visited leading scientific and horticultural centres of Europe: he has been to Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Greece, Italy and Turkey. He took large collections of insects and plants out there. One collection of insects was destined for Moscow University, and another thing was by Ministry of State Property for agricultural school. The scientific heritage of Khristian Khristianovich Steven in the sphere of entomology consists of 11 published works, which are of faunistic character. He made an inventory of new insects too, in particular goldfish beetles. It has been indicated the possibilities of coating with putty of the vine’s lower part near ground to protect of it from grape scrub (Otiorhynchus asphaltinus Germ.). This putty was applied against other larvae of pest insects.

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Brandolini, Filippo, Chiara Compostella, Manuela Pelfini, and Sam Turner. "The Evolution of Historic Agroforestry Landscape in the Northern Apennines (Italy) and Its Consequences for Slope Geomorphic Processes." Land 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2023): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051054.

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Historic agricultural practices have played a dominant role in shaping landscapes, creating a heritage which must be understood and conserved from the perspective of sustainable development. Agroforestry (i.e., the practice of combining trees with agriculture or livestock) has existed since ancient times in European countries, and it has been recognised as one of the most resilient and multifunctional cultural landscapes, providing a wide range of economic, sociocultural, and environmental benefits. This research explores aspects of the history, physical characteristics, decline, and current state of conservation of historic agroforestry systems on the Northern Apennines in Italy, using an interdisciplinary approach combining archival sources, landscape archaeology, dendrochronology, and GIS analysis. Furthermore, through computer-based modelling, this research aims to evaluate how the abandonment of this historic rural land-use strategy impacted slope geomorphic processes over the long term. The importance of environmental values attached to traditional rural landscapes has received much attention even beyond the heritage sector, justifying the definition of transdisciplinary approaches necessary to ensure the holistic management of landscapes. Through the integration of the Unit Stream Power-Based Erosion Deposition (USPED) equation with landscape archaeological data, the paper shows how restoring the historic agroforestry landscape could significantly mitigate soil mass movements in the area. Thus, the interdisciplinary workflow proposed in this study enables a deep understanding of both the historical evolution of agroforestry systems and its resulting effects for cumulative soil erosion and deposition in the face of climate change.

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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 12 No. 3." Journal of Food Research 12, no. 3 (July 30, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v12n3p85.

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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 3 Adele Papetti, University of Pavia, Italy Bernardo Pace, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Italy Bojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Charlotte Atsango Serrem, University of Eldoret, Kenya Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States Codina Georgiana Gabriela, Stefan cel Mare University Suceava, Romania Corina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Romania Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain Elsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), Portugal Greta Faccio, Independent Scientist, St. Gallen, Switzerland Hatice Reyhan Oziyi, Antalya Bilim University, Turkey Jelena Dragisic Maksimovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Khamphone Yelithao, Souphanouvong University, Laos Mehana E. E. Hamouda, Alexandria University, Egypt Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia Na-Hyung Kim, Wonkwang University,, Korea Olutosin Otekunrin, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria Paolo Polidori, University of Camerino, Italy Rozilaine A. P. G. Faria, Federal Institute of Science, Education and Technology of Mato Grosso, Brazil Soma Mukherjee, The University of Holy Cross, USA Tooba Mehfooz, Iqra University, Pakistan Wesam Al-Jeddawi, Clemson University, USA Xingjun Li, Academy of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, China Y. Riswahyuli, Gadah Mada University, Indonesia

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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 12 No. 2." Journal of Food Research 12, no. 2 (April 29, 2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v12n2p62.

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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 2 Adele Papetti, University of Pavia, Italy Bernardo Pace, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Italy Bojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Charlotte Atsango Serrem, University of Eldoret, Kenya Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States Codina Georgiana Gabriela, Stefan cel Mare University Suceava, Romania Corina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Romania Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain Elsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), Portugal Greta Faccio, Independent Scientist, St. Gallen, Switzerland Jelena Dragisic Maksimovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Jose Maria Zubeldia, Clinical Regulatory Consultant for the HIV & Hepatitis C initiative at Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Spain Khamphone Yelithao, Souphanouvong University, Laos Mehana E. E. Hamouda, Alexandria University, Egypt Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia Olutosin Otekunrin, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria Soma Mukherjee, The University of Holy Cross, USA Tooba Mehfooz, Iqra University, Pakistan

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Rovira, Mercè, Juan Francisco Hermoso, and Agustí J. Romero. "Performance of Hazelnut Cultivars from Oregon, Italy, and Spain, in Northeastern Spain." HortTechnology 27, no. 5 (October 2017): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03705-17.

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Eleven hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars, four Spanish (Clon La Masó, Negret N-9, Negret Primerenc, and Pauetet), four Italian (San Giovanni, Tonda Italiana, Tonda di Giffoni, and Tonda Romana), and three cultivars from Oregon State University’s (OSU) breeding program (Clark, Lewis, and Willamette), were evaluated in northeastern Spain over a period of 15 years (2001–14). The trial was planted at the Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA)-Mas de Bover Station (Constantí, Spain) in 2001, using own-rooted material, in single-trunk, 6 × 3.5-m spacing, and fitted with drip irrigation. Tree vigor, sucker production, early bearing, and total crop were recorded during the first 9 years. Nut traits were studied over 7 years and nutritional composition analyzed in 3 years. The best agronomic performance was observed in ‘San Giovanni’, ‘Pauetet’, ‘Clon La Masó’, and ‘Tonda Italiana’ that scored the highest total crop and canopy volume, but ‘San Giovanni’ and ‘Clon La Masó’ produced a high number of suckers. The best industrial value of the kernel was given by ‘Tonda di Giffoni’, ‘Negret N-9’, ‘Willamette’, and ‘Clark’ with high roasting aptitude and high fat content, although ‘Negret N-9’ was a little poor in monounsaturated fatty acids. The three cultivars from the Oregon breeding program had good agronomic behavior and industrial potential, but were not an improvement on the traditional Mediterranean cultivars.

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Panozzo, Silvia, Alberto Collavo, and Maurizio Sattin. "Sensitivity Analysis of Italian Lolium spp. to Glyphosate in Agricultural Environments." Plants 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020165.

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Empirical observations generally indicate a shifting and decreased Lolium spp. susceptibility to glyphosate in Italy. This is likely due to the long history of glyphosate use and to the sub-lethal doses commonly used. There is, therefore, a need to determine the variability of response of Lolium spp. to glyphosate and identify the optimum field dose. To perform a sensitivity analysis on Lolium spp. populations in an agriculture area, collection sites were mainly chosen where glyphosate had not been applied intensely. Known glyphosate-resistant or in-shifting populations were included. Two outdoor dose-response pot experiments, including eleven doses of glyphosate, were conducted. The dose to control at least 93%–95% of susceptible Lolium spp. was around 450 g a.e. ha−1. However, to preserve its efficacy in the long term, it would be desirable not to have survivors, and this was reached at a glyphosate dose of 560 ± 88 g a.e. ha−1. Taking into account the variability of response among populations, it was established that the optimal dose of glyphosate to control Lolium spp. in Italy up to the stage BBCH 21 has to be at least 700 g a.e. ha−1. As a consequence, it is recommended to increase the label recommended field rate for Lolium spp. control in Italy to a minimum of 720 g a.e. ha−1.

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Shoushtarian, Farshid, and Masoud Negahban-Azar. "Worldwide Regulations and Guidelines for Agricultural Water Reuse: A Critical Review." Water 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040971.

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Water reuse is gaining momentum as a beneficial practice to address the water crisis, especially in the agricultural sector as the largest water consumer worldwide. With recent advancements in wastewater treatment technologies, it is possible to produce almost any water quality. However, the main human and environmental concerns are still to determine what constituents must be removed and to what extent. The main objectives of this study were to compile, evaluate, and compare the current agricultural water reuse regulations and guidelines worldwide, and identify the gaps. In total, 70 regulations and guidelines, including Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), the United States (state by state), European Commission, Canada (all provinces), Australia, Mexico, Iran, Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Palestine, Oman, China, Kuwait, Israel, Saudi Arabia, France, Cyprus, Spain, Greece, Portugal, and Italy were investigated in this study. These regulations and guidelines were examined to compile a comprehensive database, including all of the water quality monitoring parameters, and necessary treatment processes. In summary, results showed that the regulations and guidelines are mainly human-health centered, insufficient regarding some of the potentially dangerous pollutants such as emerging constituents, and with large discrepancies when compared with each other. In addition, some of the important water quality parameters such as some of the pathogens, heavy metals, and salinity are only included in a small group of regulations and guidelines investigated in this study. Finally, specific treatment processes have been only mentioned in some of the regulations and guidelines, and with high levels of discrepancy.

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Chiodo, Emilio, Andrea Fantini, Lori Dickes, Temitope Arogundade, R. David Lamie, Lucilene Assing, Corinne Stewart, and Rita Salvatore. "Agritourism in Mountainous Regions—Insights from an International Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133715.

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Based on the research activity within the ISLE International Sustainability Network, this paper represents a step forward aiming to find some contacts points in the experiences some international cases (USA, Brazil, Italy and France) have grown in the development of agritourism in mountain contexts. Despite the singular differences and the national specificities, agritourism is generally considered a particular form of social innovation in agriculture and rural development of mountainous areas, aiming at recomposing the natural and the human dimensions within the framework of a new sustainable way of doing agriculture. At the basis of the research is the hypothesis that agritourism operations are slowly and gradually shifting towards a new perspective/model. Some years ago, agritourism was traditionally viewed as a way for farmers to integrate or diversify their incomes. Nowadays instead—as the diversity of practice has grown and new values have emerged—the range of farmers’ motivations has become much broader. Some of these motivations include not only economic issues but also social, environmental and cultural ones, while addressing a more comprehensive idea of community-based and sustainable development. Case studies from South Carolina (USA), from Italian mountain regions, from Santa Catarina State in Brazil and from France are illustrated in which different innovation perspectives are highlighted.

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Atashov, Bayali, Sabina Valiyeva, and Nizami Gafarov. "Government spending in the agricultural sector: Optimal ratio with lending and the impact on the agricultural production." Problems and Perspectives in Management 22, no. 3 (July 9, 2024): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(3).2024.06.

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An effective government agropolicy should be balanced: To reduce the state budget pressure, it is important to reduce public spending and encourage farmers to use agricultural loans. Reducing public spending should not lead to a shortage in the agricultural market. The paper aims to substantiate the directions of government agropolicy transformation based on the optimal ratio of public expenditures and loans in the agrosector and the dependence of agroproduction dynamics on state financing. The research base is data from 10 countries with different income levels (World Bank), presented in FAOSTAT for 2004–2021. For each country, the optimal (determined by the structural modeling method) and actual proportions between state financing and lending in the agrosector are compared, adjusted for the agroproduction index. The modeling showed that the share of public funds should increase in Germany, Israel, Italy, and the UK and decrease in Azerbaijan and Georgia; the current proportion is optimal in the USA, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Based on a panel regression model with fixed effects, the influence of the actual level of state agrofinancing on the FAO Production Indices of the main types of agroproducts was determined. It is the largest for crops, meat, and milk (a decrease in state funding by USD 1 million threatens to reduce the respective indices by 4.5, 3.47, and 3.79 points), medium for cereals and sugar crops (according to points 2.69 and 2.11), and the smallest for livestock and non-food products (by 1.53 and 0.001 points, respectively).

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Atazhanova, E. V., and L. A. Lukicheva. "Analysis of the state and global trends in the cultivation and breeding of apple trees." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 160 (November 9, 2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2021-3-160-76-85.

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The objective of the research is to analyze scientific and technical literature, to identify trends in world production and trends in apple breeding. The article uses official data from the FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Statistics Division). In addition, the information from the websites of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Gossortcommission" - the State Commission for Selection Achievements, Test and Protection - were used. Statistical reports for the period from 2000 to 2019 were taken for analysis. The volume of fruits produced in the world is increasing every year. Apple production is in third place in the world, second only to coffee and olives. The leading apple suppliers are China, USA, Turkey, Poland, Iran, Italy, India, France, Russia, Chile. In 2000-2019 the gross harvest of apples increased from 59 million tons. up to 87 million tons, while the number of cultivated areas decreased from 5.4 to 4.7 million hectares. The main producing regions of this crop are Asia (60.7%), Europe (22.1%), America (12.9%), Africa (3.2%) and Oceania (1.1%). At the same time, the world production of apple trees has significantly stepped towards intensification, thanks to new cultivars and new cultivation technologies. Over the past twenty years, global apple production has grown significantly due to the intensification of production and the introduction of new breeding cultivars.

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Belcore, Elena, Stefano Angeli, Elisabetta Colucci, Maria Angela Musci, and Irene Aicardi. "Precision Agriculture Workflow, from Data Collection to Data Management Using FOSS Tools: An Application in Northern Italy Vineyard." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040236.

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In the past decades, technology-based agriculture, also known as Precision Agriculture (PA) or smart farming, has grown, developing new technologies and innovative tools to manage data for the whole agricultural processes. In this framework, geographic information, and spatial data and tools such as UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and multispectral optical sensors play a crucial role in the geomatics as support techniques. PA needs software to store and process spatial data and the Free and Open Software System (FOSS) community kept pace with PA’s needs: several FOSS software tools have been developed for data gathering, analysis, and restitution. The adoption of FOSS solutions, WebGIS platforms, open databases, and spatial data infrastructure to process and store spatial and nonspatial acquired data helps to share information among different actors with user-friendly solutions. Nevertheless, a comprehensive open-source platform that, besides processing UAV data, allows directly storing, visualising, sharing, and querying the final results and the related information does not exist. Indeed, today, the PA’s data elaboration and management with a FOSS approach still require several different software tools. Moreover, although some commercial solutions presented platforms to support management in PA activities, none of these present a complete workflow including data from acquisition phase to processed and stored information. In this scenario, the paper aims to provide UAV and PA users with a FOSS-replicable methodology that can fit farming activities’ operational and management needs. Therefore, this work focuses on developing a totally FOSS workflow to visualise, process, analyse, and manage PA data. In detail, a multidisciplinary approach is adopted for creating an operative web-sharing tool able to manage Very High Resolution (VHR) agricultural multispectral-derived information gathered by UAV systems. A vineyard in Northern Italy is used as an example to show the workflow of data generation and the data structure of the web tool. A UAV survey was carried out using a six-band multispectral camera and the data were elaborated through the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique, resulting in 3 cm resolution orthophoto. A supervised classifier identified the phenological stage of under-row weeds and the rows with a 95% overall accuracy. Then, a set of GIS-developed algorithms allowed Individual Tree Detection (ITD) and spectral indices for monitoring the plant-based phytosanitary conditions. A spatial data structure was implemented to gather the data at canopy scale. The last step of the workflow concerned publishing data in an interactive 3D webGIS, allowing users to update the spatial database. The webGIS can be operated from web browsers and desktop GIS. The final result is a shared open platform obtained with nonproprietary software that can store data of different sources and scales.

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Kuandykova, E. S., D. L. Baideldinov, and T. Hoffmann. "Problems of legal regulation of digital transformation of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Law Series” 112, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023l4/7-17.

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In the context of the best world practices the study is an overview of the legal regulation of the process of dig- ital transformation of public administration of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The hypotheses of this study are based on the analysis of the legal nature of the world practice of digital transformation of eco- nomic development and international cooperation of modern states. The research revealed that agriculture is a branch of the economy that is particularly in need of the introduction of information and communication technologies and, consequently, the improvement of legal regulation of the activities of public administration in the digital reality. The analysis of state programs and national projects of the Republic of Kazakhstan pro- vides grounds for concluding that the digitalization of the Kazakh economy in agriculture is a priority. The dependence of the effectiveness of digital solutions in the agro-industrial complex on the level of public ad- ministration organization is substantiated: digitalization resources contribute to a more focused and result- oriented public policy through the use of legal monitoring capabilities. Digitalization is a rapidly growing trend in agriculture, when it does not just replace analog technologies traditionally used in practice, but de- velops new development options for effective solutions to problems in the industry, among which the intro- duction of legal mechanisms is of paramount importance. The study contains an analysis of the development of the legal foundations of digitalization in the industry, taking into account the problems at all levels of the process – from the issues of providing agricultural producers with an elementary level of Internet access to increasing the level of legal regulation of state management in the field of digitalization management

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DALLA MARTA, A., D. GRIFONI, M. MANCINI, F. ORLANDO, F. GUASCONI, and S. ORLANDINI. "Durum wheat in-field monitoring and early-yield prediction: assessment of potential use of high resolution satellite imagery in a hilly area of Tuscany, Central Italy." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 1 (December 16, 2013): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859613000877.

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SUMMARYModern agriculture is based on the control of in-field variability, which is determined by the interactions of numerous factors such as soil, climate and crop. For this reason, the use of remote sensing is becoming increasingly important, thanks to the technological development of satellites able to supply information with high spatial resolution and revisit frequency. Despite the large number of studies on the use of remote sensing for crop monitoring, very few have addressed the problem of spatial variability at field scale or the early prediction of crop yield and grain quality. The aim of the current research was to assess the potential use of high resolution satellite imagery for monitoring durum wheat growth and development, addressing forecast grain yield and protein content, through vegetation indices at two stages of crop development. To best represent the natural variability of agricultural production, the study was conducted in wheat fields managed by local farmers. As regards dry weight, leaf area index and nitrogen (N) content, the possibility of describing the crop state is evident at stem elongation, while at anthesis this potential is completely lost. However, satellites seem to be unable to estimate the N concentration. Aboveground biomass accumulated from emergence to stem elongation is strictly related to the final yield, while it has been confirmed that the crop parameters observed at anthesis are less informative, despite approaching harvesting time.

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LENZI, ALICE, EMANUELA MAURIZI, FABIO MOSCONI, SAMANTHA FRANCESCATO, MASSIMO CECCHETTI, MATTEO DALLA VALLE, ALESSANDRA NOAL, GIUSEPPE STOLFA, PIO FEDERICO ROVERSI, and ALESSANDRO CAMPANARO. "OSMODERMA EREMITA (SCOPOLI, 1763) (COLEOPTERA SCARABAEIDAE CETONIINAE) IN CIRCEO STATE FOREST (CENTRAL ITALY)." Redia 105 (June 16, 2022): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19263/redia-105.22.08.

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Lenzi A., Maurizi E., Mosconi F., Cecchetti M., Francescato S., Noal A., Stolfa G., Roversi P. F., Campanaro A. – Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Cetoniinae) in Circeo State Forest (Central Italy). Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) was recorded for the first time in Circeo State Forest (SAC IT6040014) by volunteers participating at the LIFE ESC360 Project “360 volunteers for monitoring forest biodiversity in the Italian Natura 2000 Network”. This finding is the result of several surveys started in 2018 that have been carried out using different sampling methodologies, including a conservation detection dog. Two male specimens of O.eremita have been collected in summer 2021, by the use of black cross windows traps baited with the species pheromone. This record provides new information on the scattered distribution of this species in the Latium Region and confirms the biodiversity value of Circeo State Forest. Furthermore, this result corroborates the importance of cooperation between non-experts and scientists, i.e. citizen science. This approach is essential to carry out monitoring programmes aimed at assessing the conservation status of protected species. Meanwhile, it allows to involve, educate, and raise awareness among non-experts, resulting in the establishment of a general positive mindset and attitude towards forest biodiversity. Key Words: Saproxylic beetles, Citizen Science, Foresta Demaniale del Circeo, Natura 2000, Osmoderma eremita, LIFE project

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Peppi, Lorenzo Mistral, Matteo Zauli, Luigi Manfrini, Luca Corelli Grappadelli, Luca De Marchi, and Pier Andrea Traverso. "Low-cost, high-resolution and no-manning distributed sensing system for the continuous monitoring of fruit growth in precision farming." Acta IMEKO 12, no. 2 (June 9, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i2.1342.

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Accurate, continuous and reliable data gathering and recording about crop growth and state of health, by means of a network of autonomous sensor nodes that require minimal management by the farmer will be essential in future Precision Agriculture. In this paper, a low-cost multi-channel sensor-node architecture is proposed for the distributed monitoring of fruit growth throughout the entire ripening season. The prototype presented is equipped with five independent sensing elements that can be attached each to a sample fruit at the beginning of the season and are capable of estimating the fruit diameter from the first formation up to the harvest. The sensor-node is provided with a LoRa transceiver for wireless communication with the decision making central, is energetically autonomous thanks to a dedicated energy harvester and an accurate design of power consumption, and each measuring channel provides sub-mm 9.0-ENOB effective resolution with a full-scale range of 12 cm. The accurate calibration procedure of the sensor-node and its elements is described in the paper, which allows for the compensation of temperature dispersion, noise and non-linearities. The prototype was tested on field in real application, in the framework of the research activity for next-generation Precision Farming performed at the experimental farm of the Department of Agricultural and Food Science of the University of Bologna, Cadriano, Italy.

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Bassignana, Chiara Flora, Paolo Merante, Samanta Rosi Belliére, Concetta Vazzana, and Paola Migliorini. "Assessment of Agricultural Biodiversity in Organic Livestock Farms in Italy." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030607.

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Livestock farming is often addressed as one of the most impactful food production systems on the environment due to GHGE-Green-House Gas Emissions- and land use degradation. However, in the last years there is a growing number of studies that underline the beneficial environmental impacts of extensive livestock farming (i.e., providing ecosystem services, increasing biodiversity and improving carbon and nitrogen cycles), as well as social and economic benefits (i.e., offering alternative and additional forms of income in marginal areas). The multitude of livestock management approaches call urgently for specific tools of assessment in order to inform and orientate policies, farming practices and consumer choices. This study proposes a set of 14 agroecological indicators to assess the state of structural/planned agrobiodiversity in livestock farming systems. Our methodology stems from the already established Indicator-Based Framework to evaluate the sustainability of farming systems and adapted it specifically to livestock farming systems. The set of indicators has been clustered with respect to the ecosystem functions/services they describe. The methodology has been applied and validated on a selection of 12 Italian organic livestock farms and analyzed according to animal breeds and geographical regions. The results highlight that the farms show very positive results with optimal values for all indicators, except for Field Adjacency (FA), Share Species (SS), Share Group (SG). This study highlights how livestock farms could actually provide different ecosystem services in comparison to stockless farms.

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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 9 No. 4." Journal of Food Research 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n4p83.

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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 4   Adele Papetti, University of Pavia, Italy Ammar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, Norway Ancuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania Asima Asi Begic-Akagic, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bosnian Bojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States Eganathan Palanisami, Meta Procambial Biotech Private Limited, India Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria Jintana Wiboonsirikul, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Thailand Jose Maria Zubeldia, Spain Juan José Villaverde, INIA -National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Spain Lenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Leonardo Martín Pérez, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Argentina Magdalena Polak-Berecka, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland Marcel Bassil, University of Balamand, Lebanese University and Benta Pharma Industries, Lebanon Miguel Elias, University of évora, Portugal Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia Poorna CR Yalagala, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA Salam Zahra Saleh Ahmed, National Research Centre, Egypt Sushil Kumar Singh, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA Teodora Emilia Coldea, Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Tzortzis Nomikos, Harokopio University, Greece

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Cambi, Martina, Yamuna Giambastiani, Francesca Giannetti, Elena Nuti, Andrea Dani, and Federico Preti. "Integrated Low-Cost Approach for Measuring the State of Conservation of Agricultural Terraces in Tuscany, Italy." Water 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020113.

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Agricultural terraces are an important element of the Italian landscape. However, abandonment of agricultural areas and increase in the frequency of destructive rainfall events has made it mandatory to increase conservation efforts of terraces to reduce hydrological risks. This requires the development of new approaches capable of identifying and mapping failed or prone-to-fail terraces over large areas. The present work focuses on the development of a more cost-effective alternative, to help public administrators and private land owners to identify fragile areas that may be subject to failure due to the abandonment of terracing systems. We developed a simple field protocol to acquire quantitative measurements of the degree of damage—dry stone wall deformation—and establish a damage classification system. This new methodology is tested at two different sites in Tuscany, central Italy. The processing is based on existing DTMs derived from Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) data and open source software. The main GIS modules adopted are flow accumulation and water discharge, processed with GRASS GIS. Results show that the damage degree and terrace wall deformation are correlated with flow accumulation even if other factors other than those analyzed can contribute to influence the instability of dry stone walls. These tools are useful for local land management and conservation efforts.

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M. Mykhailenko, M. Mykhailenko. "THE ECONOMIC POLICY PECULIARITIES OF THE “HISTORICAL RIGHT” GOVERNMENTS OF THE KINGDOM OF ITALY (1861-1876)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 139 (2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2018.139.09.

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This research analyses the economic policies peculiarities of the “historical right” governments of the Kingdom of Italy from the first stage of the unification of this country into a single nation state and rise of the “historical right” governments to power till the transfer of power to the “historical left”. It also specifies the main directions of economic reforms in a certain period of time and their impact on the further development of the state. The research establishes that the liberal economic model for country’s development chosen by its leadership at the very beginning allowed to quickly create the domestic market of goods and services, establish fruitful foreign economic relations with the greatest economic powers of that time and attract foreign investments into the Kingdom, promoting the development of the Kingdom’s agricultural sector and accumulating a substantial capital within the country. However, given the significant economic backwardness of the states of the Apennine peninsula before the unification and the actual abolition of customs barriers in trade with more powerful European countries after 1861, it had a negative impact on the country’s weak industry and deepened the distortion of development along the north-south line. The undeniable achievement of the "historical right" governments in the fiscal policy was the overcoming of the huge deficit of the state budget before 1876.

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Bernaschi, Daniela, Davide Marino, Angela Cimini, and Giampiero Mazzocchi. "The Social Exclusion Perspective of Food Insecurity: The Case of Blacked-Out Food Areas." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 2974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042974.

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The United Nations Global Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly through Goal 2, simultaneously seeks to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on the agricultural production system and on consumption conditions. This means that ‘access’ to food should be determined with respect to the three dimensions of economic, physical and solidarity access to a quantity of food that fulfils both people’s nutritional needs and environmentally responsible consumption patterns. In Italy, 9.9% of the total population, i.e., six million people, live in a state of food insecurity. In Rome, 9.4% of the population lives in a condition of material deprivation, and applications for Citizens’ Income have increased, as well as food aids which amounted to EUR 20 million in 2020. The relationships between the cost of healthy and sustainable diets (which would cost 60% more than a staple diet) and the increasing economic difficulties people are facing, have prompted a focus on the multidimensional nature of food security, with particular emphasis on people’s ability to access food. In this paper, analyzing the Metropolitan City of Rome (Italy) as a case study, we present a pilot and innovative work on an affordability index to healthy and sustainable diet. A geospatial analysis highlights areas where economic difficulties in accessing food overlap with the shortage/absence of food retail outlets and with a lack of solidarity networks (e.g., civil society food distribution initiatives), allowing a new concept to come into focus, namely the blacked-out food areas. This concept helps to identify those areas in which people are socially excluded and cannot enjoy the same substantive food-related choices as people in other areas. The research outcomes provide insights into the geographical areas and neighborhoods characterized by critical access to healthy and sustainable food, providing crucial information for the planning and implementation of targeted social policies to tackle food insecurity.

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Botti, P., A. Virdis, G. Solinas, P. Buscarinu, M. Ferralis, G. Marras, P. Spanu, and S. Vacca. "Reclamation and agricultural reuse of wastewater: the experience of the Cagliari sewage treatment plant (Sardinia, Italy)." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.776.

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In Sardinia, as in many other Mediterranean regions, recurrent droughts and climate change have dramatically reduced available water resources. As a result of this critical situation, in 1995 the Italian Government declared a state of emergency and drew up a program for financial support by the State and local authorities with the aim of reducing this serious deficit. One of the actions focused on reclaiming and reusing the effluent from the sewage treatment plant of Cagliari. This article reports on the multidisciplinary preliminary study performed by the Ente Acque della Sardegna (ENAS) to evaluate the suitability of reusing Is Arenas effluent for irrigation and on the operation of the tertiary treatment plant.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture and state, italy'

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