Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition (0475)'
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Bloomberg, Brooke. "Considerations for Kansas State University’s College of Agriculture obtaining AAALAC accreditation." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4754.
Full textDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology
Lisa C. Freeman
Kansas State University uses a variety of animals to fulfill the University’s research and teaching mission. K-State maintains a single Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to oversee the use of all vertebrate animals used in research and teaching at K-State. K-State’s program is AAALAC accredited. The Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International (AAALAC) is a non-profit organization with the mission to promote the humane care of animals used in research and teaching. AAALAC is a private member association that evaluates and accredits member organizations by utilizing a peer review process. Accreditation signifies that an animal care and use program goes beyond meeting minimum standards required by law and strives for excellence to better meet the needs of the animals in their care. However, K-State’s accreditation is university-limited, meaning not all colleges that use animals for research and teaching are accredited. The College of Agriculture is not included in the accreditation even though it supports 15 animal facilities within the Department of Animal Science & Industry (AS&I) and 2 facilities located at Agricultural Experiment Stations (AES). Species housed in these facilities include; cattle, horses, swine, sheep, goats, and poultry. AAALAC reports that accreditation of agricultural animal programs lags behind other animal research and teaching programs. This may be due to multiple factors such as; minimal research funding sources require institutions to be accredited, minimal funding to make necessary facility upgrades, and a lack of conviction of how accreditation may benefit an agricultural animal program. This paper begins to discuss the scope of the program, identify common deficiencies, and provide suggestions for program improvement. As public pressure increases to improve care of animals in research and agricultural settings, it would benefit K-State to accredit all the institution’s animal facilities. The IACUC is a key player in this effort but support from K-State institutional leadership and the College of Agriculture is paramount. Those at K-State know the importance of the care we provide the animals in our facilities, but obtaining AAALAC accreditation will show our peers, supporting institutions, and our students that we strive for excellence in care of all our animals.
Jones, Spencer Q. "The effect of alfalfa and cornstalk round bale processing type on animal performance, wastage, preference, and mixing characteristics." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1418.
Full textWalker, Dillon Kyle. "Effect of ractopamine on growth in cattle." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/539.
Full textParsons, Garrett L. "Effects of crude glycerin in feedlot cattle." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6305.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of crude glycerin in feedlot cattle. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of crude glycerin on animal performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal metabolism, and diet digestibility when fed in steam-flaked corn finishing diets. Trial one utilized crossbred heifers (n = 373) fed finishing diets containing 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16% crude glycerin. Feeding heifers crude glycerin at 8% or less of the diet resulted in improvements in body weight gain and feed efficiency. Dry matter intake decreased linearly (P < 0.001) when glycerin was included at increasing levels from 0 to 16%. Average daily gains of heifers fed crude glycerin increased when glycerin was fed at 2, 4, or 8% of diet DM, but reductions in ADG were noted when glycerin increased to 12 or 16% (linear, P = 0.013; quadratic, P = 0.010). Feeding glycerin had a quadratic effect on G:F, and was optimal when fed at 2% of DM (P = 0.46). Hot carcass weights increased when glycerin was fed at 2, 4, and 8% of the diet, but decreases in HCW were observed with 12 and 16% crude glycerin (linear, P = 0.009; quadratic, P = 0.006). Low concentrations of glycerin can be fed without negatively impacting animal performances. Trial two consisted of a 3 × 3 Latin Square and utilized cannulated crossbred steers (n = 9) fed finishing diets containing 0, 2, or 4% crude glycerin. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, starch, CP, and crude fat were unaffected by the addition of glycerin at 0, 2, or 4% of cannulated steer diets (linear, P > 0.51). Apparent total tract digestibilities of NDF tended to decrease as glycerin concentrations increased to 2 and 4% (linear, P <0.13). Ruminal pH increased as glycerin concentrations increased (linear, P < 0.05), and concentrations of butyrate and valerate decreased (linear, P < 0.03). Acetate production also tended to decrease when glycerin increased from 0 to 2 or 4% of the diet (linear, P =0.06). Collectively, these results suggest that glycerin may negatively influence fiber digestion.
Clark, Patrick M. "The effects of nutrient uniformity and modified feed processing on animal performance." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/233.
Full textHarborth, Karl Walter. "Potential management opportunities for cow/calf producers to maximize profit." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/203.
Full textSchneider, Cody James. "Crude glycerin in feedlot cattle diets and as a solvent in Maillard reaction processes intended for manufacturing value-added protein meals." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4648.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
Two trials were conducted to evaluate effects of crude glycerin, a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and diet digestibility in cattle. A third study was conducted to investigate the use of glycerin as a solvent in Maillard reaction processes used to manufacture value added protein meal. In trial 1, crossbred yearling heifers were fed low levels of glycerin (0, 0.5, or 2% of diet DM) in corn finishing diets, or diets that combined corn with soybean hulls and wet distiller’s grains (0 or 2% glycerin). Results indicated that feeding glycerin decreased DMI (P = 0.04), and feeding byproducts increased DMI (P < 0.01) when compared to control without byproducts or glycerin. Feeding byproducts or glycerin decreased the percentage of carcasses that graded USDA Choice or higher (P < 0.05). Other live performance traits and carcass characteristics were similar across treatments. Trial 2 evaluated effects of crude glycerin on growth performance and diet digestibility in heifers fed high forage growing diets. Treatments consisted of 0, 4, or 8% crude glycerin added to growing diets containing corn silage (60% of DM) and wet corn gluten feed. Apparent total tract digestibilities were calculated from total fecal collections. Adding glycerin linearly increased (P = 0.01) feed efficiency over the entire feeding period, and linearly decreased (P = 0.02) DMI for a portion of the feeding period. No other effects of glycerin on animal growth performance were observed. Digestibility measurements indicated that glycerin decreased DM, OM, and NDF intakes linearly (P < 0.01), but did not affect fecal outputs of DM, OM, or NDF. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF therefore decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of glycerin. The third trial involved several experiments, which were conducted to determine if glycerol could be used as a solvent in processes designed to facilitate non-enzymatic browning of protein meals. Results indicated that glycerol may serve as a more suitable solvent for browning processes than water because its chemical and physical properties may enhance browning processes, increase process efficiency, and yield products with superior resistance to microbial degradation.
Baldridge, Sarah. "Pharmacokinetics and physiologic effects of xylazine-ketamine-butorphanol administered intramuscularly or in combination with orally administered sodium salicylate on biomarkers of pain in Holstein calves following concurrent castration and dehorning." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7035.
Full textDepartment of Clinical Sciences
Johann F. Coetzee
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of xylazine, ketamine, and butorphanol administered IM and sodium salicylate administered PO and to compare their effect on biomarkers of pain and distress following sham (Period 1) and actual (Period 2) castration and dehorning. Animals—40 Holstein bull calves Procedures—Calves weighing 108 to 235 kg received the following treatments prior to sham castration and dehorning (Period 1) and castration and dehorning (Period 2) (n=10 calves/group): (i) 0.9% saline solution IM (PLACEBO) (ii) sodium salicylate (SAL) supplied free-choice in water to provide concentrations from 2.5 to 5 mg/mL beginning 24 hours prior to Period 1 to 48 hours after Period 2; (iii) 0.025 mg/kg butorphanol, 0.05 mg/kg xylazine, 0.1 mg/kg ketamine co-administered IM immediately prior to both periods (XKB); and (iv) a combination of treatments (ii) and (iii) (SAL + XKB). Plasma drug concentrations, average daily gain (ADG), chute exit speed, serum cortisol concentrations and electrodermal activity (EDA) were evaluated. Results—ADG (0-13d) was significantly greater in the SAL and SAL + XKB groups. Calves receiving XKB had significantly slower chute exit speed in both periods. Serum cortisol concentrations were significantly increased in all groups during Period 2 compared to Period 1. However, XKB attenuated serum cortisol response for the first hour after castration and dehorning while oral salicylate significantly reduced cortisol from 1-6 hours. XKB administration significantly decreased EDA scores in both periods. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Free-choice sodium salicylate decreases cortisol concentrations and reduced weight loss associated with castration and dehorning in calves.
Frantz, Nolan Zebulon. "The effect of dietary nutrients on osteochondrosis in swine and evaluation of serum biomarkers to predict its occurrence." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/561.
Full textFox, Jeffrie Thomas. "Near infrared spectroscopy : a potential method to detect undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/908.
Full textButtrey, Brad Sterling. "Human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone influence pregnancy survival and resynchronized ovulation before timed artificial insemination in Holstein cattle." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/542.
Full textBailey, Eric Arthur. "Effects of supplemental energy and protein on forage digestion and urea kinetics in beef cattle." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4092.
Full textShelton, Nicholas William. "The effects of increasing SID lysine : ME ratio in growing and finishing pigs and the effect of copper and zinc supplementation in weanling pigs." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4138.
Full textMay, Matthew Leonard. "The effects of grain processing method, wet and dry distiller’s grains with soluble and roughage level on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/537.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
A series of five trials were conducted to evaluate grain processing, distiller's grains inclusion in finishing diets, interactions between distiller's grains and dry-rolled corn (DRC) or steam-flaked corn (SFC), efficacy of removing roughage in the presence of distiller's grains and the digestibility of distiller's grains in steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn diets. The first trial was designed to determine the optimum flake density of SFC in beef finishing diets. Diets consisted of corn flaked to densities of 360, 411, or 462 g/L. Observed improvements in mill production would support increasing flake density; however numerical decreases in animal performance offset economic benefits of increased productivity. The second trial was conducted to evaluate optimum levels of sorghum wet distiller's grains in finishing diets. Crossbred yearling steers were fed diets containing DRC or SFC and levels of distiller's grains were 0, 10, 20, or 30% of diet dry matter. Distiller's grains can effectively replaced a portion of the corn in finishing diets, but their nutritional value was greater in DRC diets than in SFC diets. In trial 3, crossbred heifers were fed diets containing SFC with 0% DDG and 15% corn silage (CS), 25% DDG and 15% CS, or 25% DDG and 5% CS. In trial 4, crossbreed heifers were fed diets similar containing DRC or SFC with 0% DDG and 15% CS, 25% DDG and 15% CS, or 25% DDG and 5% CS. Results indicate that roughage levels can be reduced in feedlot diets containing DDG with no adverse effects on performance or carcass quality. The fifth trial was a metabolism study conducted to evaluate the digestibility of DDG in beef cattle. Treatments consisted of DRC with 0% DDG, DRC with 25% DDG, SFC with 0% DDG, and SFC with 25% DDG. There were no significant grain processing by distiller's grain interactions observed in main effects. In conclusion optimum flake density was 360 g/L, feeding distiller's grains has a greater value in DRC diets vs. SFC diets, roughage level and type are important in formulating finishing diets, roughage can be reduced when feeding distiller's grains, and ruminal ammonia, and pH are decreased and ruminal lactate is increased when feeding DDG and SFC.
Hancock, Christopher J. K. "Impact of feed form and nutrient distribution in an automated commercial broiler feeding system." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7046.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
R. Scott Beyer
The modern poultry industry uses auger feed lines to transport feed for broilers to pans to make feed available for them while greatly reducing labor costs. The feed given to broilers is manufactured at significant cost into a pelleted form. Pellets reduce broiler production costs by increasing feed intake and growth rate while reducing feed. Pellet quality is expressed using a method called the Pellet Durability Index (PDI). A series of studies was conducted to determine the effects of these destructive forces on both pellet quality and nutritive value. In Experiment 1, it was found that pellets of 78 and 86 PDI had 30% more fines in the final pan compared to the initial pan, but there was no significant difference between the two diets. In Experiment 2, a significant difference existed between a 23 PDI diet and an 82 PDI diet in the percentage of fines found at 12 selected pans. This indicates destruction occurring along the length of the feed line. In Experiment 3, soybean oil was applied to the exterior of the pellets and they were transported through the feed line. A significant difference in the amount of fat at each collection site was found, as the fat was removed from the exterior of the pellets in earlier pans, indicating destructive forces having an effect on the pellets. In Experiment 4, whole sorghum was used to create four diets with similar PDI. The feed was then placed in the feed line, collected at twelve locations, and analyzed for crude fat, CP, DM, ash and Ca. The results indicated the presence of whole sorghum in the pellets had no effect on percent fines or nutrient values. In Experiment 5, three diets with different PDI were transported through the feed line. Five collection sites were selected. Results indicate that high quality pellets withstand handling while pellets below 68 PDI show increased fine percentage. These experiments indicate pellets are damaged during transport in the feed line, but nutrients remain the same unless they are on the exterior of the pellet.
Schroeder, Guillermo Fernando. "Effect of energy supply on amino acid utilization by growing steers." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/216.
Full textBenz, Justin M. "Influence of dietary ingredients on pork fat quality." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/829.
Full textWalker, Callie Elizabeth. "Effects of Ractopamine hydrochloride are not confined to Mammalian tissue : evidence for direct effects of Ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2276.
Full textFahrenholz, Adam C. "The effects of DDGS inclusion on pellet quality and pelleting performance." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1077.
Full textIssa, Salissou. "Nutritional value of sorghum for poultry feed in West Africa." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2322.
Full textWarner, Marcella M. "The impact of ethanol driven corn price on the cow-calf industry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1002.
Full textSkjolaas, Kristine A. "Innate immune activation of swine gastrointestinal epithelial cells and tissues in response to microbial exposure." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/155.
Full textMead, Clay. "Estimating the value of carcass DNA and performance EPD’S for Gelbvieh bulls at auction." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/836.
Full textDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Ted C. Schroeder
For the industry to be able to produce a higher performing and consistent quality product, evaluation of performance and information needs to be collected and available for producers to make more informed beef cattle production management decisions. In recent history, the cattle industry has taken on the complex job of maintaining and recording performance records through programs and efforts such as breed association data bases, and herd health data bases. The constant evaluation of performance and genetic records has supplied producers with data resulting in performance, maternal and carcass statistical records such as Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs). Additionally, developing technology is helping the industry through selection and decision tools such as Carcass DNA marker identification. This study evaluates how the selection tools of EPDs and DNA affect the value of Gelbvieh / Balancer bulls at auction. Data collected for this study is from various Gelbvieh / Balancer bull sales throughout Nebraska in the spring of 2008. Variables evaluated in the study were data and information provided to potential buyers before the auctions to be able to observe how this information affected the value of the purchased bull for each buyer. Variables evaluated were Igenity Profile Carcass DNA values of Ribeye Area, Marbling, and Tenderness. Additionally, Performance EPDs of Calving Ease Direct, Birth Weight, Weaning Weight, Yearling Weight, Ribeye Area, and Marbling were evaluated. The only actual measurement observed was Scrotal Circumference. The hedonic models developed for this study suggest that the selected bull data provided to potential buyers before sale are not the only significant determinants affecting price. Statistical measurements and technologies developing the industry are having a profound and positive effect on production and as selection tools however, are not the only potential variables affecting the value of a sire at auction. Other possible variables effecting auction value can also include evaluation of phenotype, pedigree, and buyer benefits. The data and variables evaluated in the study should still be used as valuable additions to other selection tools and observations when selecting a future beef sire.
Van, Winkle Tyler W. "An evaluation of distller's grain price relationships and implications of increased ethanol production on grain processing practices in commercial feedlots." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/921.
Full textJames, Bradley William. "Effect of dietary L-carnitine on finishing pig growth performance, meat quality, and stress parameters during handling." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1438.
Full textCrosby, Chris. "Producer level cost analysis of the U.S. National Animal Identification System." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1389.
Full textGroesbeck, Crystal Noel. "The effect of feed ingredients on feed manufacturing and growth performance of pigs." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/523.
Full textThomas, Melissa Deann. "Effects of prepartum whole cottonseed or whole raw soybean supplementation on response to timed artificial insemination in suckled mature beef cows following ovulation synchronization." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/823.
Full textOrtiz, de Janon Xavier Alejandro. "Korral Kool systems in desert environments." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2293.
Full textJones, Cassandra Katherine. "Effects of dietary enzymes or specialty proteins on nursery pig performance." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1396.
Full textDepenbusch, Brandon E. "Extrusion processing of feedlot diets." Diss., Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4622.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
A series of studies were conducted to evaluate extrusion processing of finishing diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes of feedlot cattle. Extruded diets were processed in a 24:1 (length/diameter) corotating, fully intermeshing twinscrew extruder (model BCTG-62, Bühler AG CH-9240, Uzwil, Switzerland). In Experiment 1, extrusion processing of corn based diets decreased dry matter intake (DMI) and improved gain efficiency (G:F) by 15% compared to heifers fed steam-flaked corn (SFC) diets. Carcass characteristics were not different between treatments. Steaks from heifers fed SFC diets were juicier and had a less pronounced off-flavor than steaks from heifers fed extruded diets. In Experiment 2, average daily gain (ADG), DMI, G:F, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes were not different between heifers fed SFC and extruded processed corn diets. In Experiment 3, we evaluated different degrees of extrusion processing by altering the level of process water added to the extruder. Mechanical energy inputs, die pressure, die temperature, and torque of drive motor decreased as the level of water added to the extruder increased from 4% to 12%. Water addition did not affect DMI or ADG of feedlot heifers. However, live body weight (BW) and G:F decreased as the level of process water increased. Gain efficiency (carcass-adjusted basis) was 3% greater for extruded corn diets processed with 4% water compared with SFC diets and was 6% poorer than SFC diets when processed with 12% water. Apparent total tract digestibility was not different, but IVDMD improved with increasing levels of water. Improvements in G:F when fed extruded feed was variable among the 3 studies. This may be due, in part to severe infestation by European Starlings during Experiment 1. Impact of feed depredation by starlings was therefore evaluated. Starlings consumed 86% of the SFC diet offered to them compared to, none of the extruded corn diets. In addition, starlings preferentially selected for the energy dense portion of the rations (steam-flaked corn). Therefore, it is plausible that a portion of the 15% improvement in G:F observed in Experiment 1 for heifers fed extruded corn diets can be attributed to differences in feed depredation by starlings. Finally, two studies were conducted to evaluate extrusion processing of sorghum-based diets. In the first experiment, DMI was greater and G:F was poorer for heifers fed extruded sorghum diets compared to heifers fed steam-flaked sorghum (SFS) diets. However, carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes were not different. In the second study, particle size of the ground sorghum added to the extruder was evaluated. Processing sorghum to a smaller particle size (581 μm) prior to extrusion processing decreased DMI, improved G:F, and increased apparent total tract digestibility compared with larger particle sizes (1,264 μm). However, heifers fed SFS diets were still more efficient that heifers fed extruded diets made with either particle size of sorghum. Overall, this research suggests that extruding complete diets into homogeneous pellets may improve G:F of cattle fed corn-based diets while reducing feed depredation of starlings. It is also clear from our results that G:F is improved to a greater extent to processing diets under high shear conditions (i.e., high mechanical energy inputs) than when processed under low shear conditions.
Mader, Erin F. "Utilizing DDGS and crude glycerol in animal diets: feed manufacturing considerations." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7066.
Full textDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
Leland McKinney
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate value added uses for dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and crude glycerol in swine and poultry diets. In Exp.1, crude glycerol from multiple biodiesel production facilities was evaluated for storage and variability characteristics. Part one reviewed the storage capabilities of crude glycerol at room temperature and excessive heat conditions on ferrous and stainless steel metal. There was no notable corrosion during the two-month experiment for either metal type under each condition. There was a slight discoloration observed on the ferrous metal stored under excessive heat conditions, but no pitting or sign of corrosion was noted. No changes were observed in the stainless steel under either environment condition. Part two evaluated the variability of crude glycerol from multiple biodiesel production facilities. Representative samples of the parent feedstock and resultant glycerol was collected an analyzed. There was considerable variation between samples, particularly when comparing glycerol from the different feedstocks (vegetable vs. animal). Exp. 2 and 3 took place in the Feed Processing Research Center in the Department of Grain Science at Kansas State University. Pellet quality and electrical energy consumption was evaluated by reviewing production rate, conditioning and hot pellet temperatures, motor load, and pellet durability index (PDI) as testing parameters. In Exp. 2, diets containing varying levels of crude glycerol were evaluated on pellet quality and pellet mill performance in a pilot mill and in a commercial facility. For part one, a corn-soy based swine grower diet was formulated to contain 0, 3, 6, and 9% crude glycerol. Each diet was steam conditioned to 150, 170 and 190 °F in an atmospheric conditioner and pelleted. An interaction existed between glycerol and conditioning temperature. For all diets containing glycerol, roll skid occurred and the pellet mill plugged as conditioning temperature approached 190°F. Pellet quality increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of glycerol. Part two took place at Don’s Farm Supply in Newell, IA. A corn-soy based turkey grower diet was formulated to contain 3% glycerol and pelleted. Results from part two were consistent with part one, in that there was an interaction between conditioning temperature and the addition of glycerol. Exp. 3 evaluated DDGS on pellet quality and electrical consumption. A poultry diet was formulated to contain 0, 15, or 30% DDGS and steam conditioned to 140, 160, and 180°F. As conditioning temperature increased, pellet quality in diets containing DDGS significantly improved (P>.001). Electrical consumption in diets containing DDGS compared to the control showed no significance in reduction in energy usage (P>.001). In conclusion, the production of pelleted diets containing crude glycerol is a feasible option; however, conditioning temperatures should be kept minimal and storage and variation of the material should be considered. In addition, improved pellet quality in pelleted diets containing DDGS is in part by conditioning at higher temperatures, respectively. The data suggests that the addition of crude glycerol and DDGS in animal diets can serve as a beneficial feed additive.
Heid, Brent. "Financial feasibility of a 2500 sow weaned pig operation." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/766.
Full textRyan, Sarah Ellen. "Evaluation of ISO 11785 low-frequency radio identification devices and the characterization of electromagnetic interference in practical cattle management scenarios." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/837.
Full textSchneider, Jason Dean. "Effects of restricted feeding schedule during development and gestation on gilt and sow performance." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/294.
Full textDepenbusch, Brandon. "Fecal pH and starch concentrations in relation to prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/559.
Full textWalker, Callie Elizabeth. "Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef cattle : prevalence in gut contents at slaughter and the effect of neomycin supplementation in feed on fecal shedding in experimentally inoculated cattle." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/860.
Full textMcDaniel, Michael Reid. "The effects of dosing feedlot cattle with Megasphaera elsdenii strain NCIMB 41125 prior to the introduction of a grain-rich diet." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1666.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of [italic]Megasphaera elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 and its potential use in the mitigation of ruminal acidosis. In experiment 1, a metabolism study was conducted to evaluate ruminal parameters, quantify changes in ruminal bacterial populations, and determine in vitro capacity for lactate utilization following intraruminal dosing of a placebo or [italic]M. [italic]elsdenii strain NCIMB 41125 and an abrupt diet change. Angus crossbred steers (n=20; average BW=253 ± 24 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were blocked by BW and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments consisted of intraruminal dosing with a placebo (100 mL of autoclaved culture), or 10, 100, or 1,000 mL of a live culture containing 1.62×108 CFU/mL of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125. Prior to inoculation, cattle were placed into individual pens in an enclosed facility and allowed free access to alfalfa hay, salt, and water. Feed and water were removed for 24 h prior to administering treatments, after which, cattle were allowed free access to a diet consisting of 34% alfalfa hay and 66% steam-flaked corn-based concentrate. On d 7, cattle were fed an 80% concentrate diet. On d 12, steers were started on the final finishing diet of 94% concentrate. Ruminal pH and concentrations of lactate and VFAs were monitored following introduction of each concentrate diet. Ruminal samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after feeding for quantitative rt-PCR detection of native and introduced strains of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic], as well as total bacterial genomes. Capacity for metabolism of lactic acid was evaluated by inoculating 0.2 mL of strained ruminal fluid into anaerobic culture tubes containing 15 mL of semi-defined lactate medium. Tubes were incubated at 39˚C, and turbidity changes were determined by measuring absorbance at 2 h intervals up to 12 h. Experiment 2 was conducted in a commercial feedlot to evaluate the efficacy of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 for improving feedlot performance. A second objective of the study was to determine if oral dosing of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] has the potential for reducing the number of cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease. Angus steers and heifers (n = 3179; average BW = 356 ± 58.4kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with two treatments. Cattle were assigned to treatment on an every-other-head basis such that every-other-animal was orally drenched with 100 mL of a culture medium containing 1.5×108 cfu/mL [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 at processing. Cattle were blocked by gender and date of arrival. To maximize profitability, cattle were sorted via visual appraisal to identify cattle that were market ready. Cattle were shipped to a commercial abattoir in Lexington, NE for harvest. Data obtained for each pen of cattle included feedlot performance, morbidity, mortality, carcass characteristics, and grid-based program carcass qualifications. In trial 1, compared to the placebo group, cattle administered [italic]Megasphaera[italic] maintained higher ruminal pH 24 h after the carbohydrate challenge (P < 0.05). Ruminal lactate concentrations increased in response to the diet change (P < 0.05), but concentrations were lower for cattle that received [italic]Megasphaera[italic] compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Total number of bacterial genomes 24 h after inoculation was unaffected by intraruminal dosing of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 (P > 0.05), but populations of undifferentiated [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] and strain NCIMB 41125 increased by 24 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). Turbidity of cultures inoculated with ruminal fluid increased in response to [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] administration (P < 0.05), suggesting a greater capacity for lactate utilization in inoculated cattle compared to the placebo group. In trial 2, no differences in feed efficiency were observed (P > 0.05). Compared to cattle dosed with [italic]Megasphaera[italic], the control group had more USDA yield grade 2 carcasses (P < 0.05), and cattle dosed with [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] had more USDA yield grade 5 carcasses (P < 0.05). [italic]Megasphaera[italic] cattle also tended to have more USDA Prime carcasses (P = 0.14). No effects on incidence of liver abscesses were observed. Dosing cattle with [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] prior to introduction of typical concentrate diets may be useful in preventing ruminal lactate accumulation and associated depressions in ruminal pH. Inoculating cattle with [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] is effective in bolstering populations of ruminal lactate utilizers, and may be useful in preventing ruminal lactate accumulation in grain-fed cattle. No effects on reducing episodes of BRD were noted.
Mahnken, Christa Lynn. "Utilization of wet brewers grains as a replacement for corn silage in lactating dairy cow diets." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4591.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Micheal J. Brouk
An evaluation of short-term replacement of corn silage (CS) and soybean meal with a blend of wet brewers grains (BG) and cracked corn on milk production and DMI was completed utilizing 8 primiparous (192 DIM) and 4 multiparous (191 DIM) mid-lactation Holstein cows. Milk production, composition, DMI, production efficiency, fatty acid composition and diet digestibility were evaluated. Cows were allotted to a 4 x 4 Latin Square with 3 replications blocked by parity, DIM and energy corrected milk (ECM). Crude protein and starch levels were balanced between diets by varying the levels of cracked corn and soybean meal in four diets; 0 BG (0% wet BG and 24% CS of diet DM), 12 BG (12% wet BG and 12% CS), 18 BG (18% wet BG and 6% CS), and 24 BG (24% wet BG and 0% CS). Fifteen day periods were used, d11-15 designated for collection. Orts were collected daily and TMRs were fed at 5 to 10% of previous day’s intake. Cows were milked 3x/day and individual milk weights recorded at every milking. Milk samples, body weights and BCS were taken -2 and -1d pre-trial to obtain baseline data and d14 and 15 of each period. During collection, samples of TMR and orts were taken d1, 3 and 5. Fecal grab samples were taken d12-15 at 8 hr intervals and advanced 2 hrs every 24 hr period to account for diurnal variation. Dry matter intake was similar (P=0.33) among treatments (20.3, 20.8, 20.9 and 21.2 kg/cow) for 0 BG, 12 BG, 18 BG AND 24 BG respectively, however CP intake of 24 BG tended to be greater (P=0.05) than 0 BG. NDF intake was lower for 0 BG compared to all other treatments and 24 BG was higher than 12 BG (P=0.0007). Dietary fat intake was different (P<0.001) across all treatments, increasing with greater BG inclusion. Inclusion of BG had no effect (P=0.37) on milk production (30.5, 31.5, 31.6 and 32.1 kg/cow), fat percent or amount, protein percent, SNF, lactose or SCC, but protein yield (P=0.04) was lower and MUN (P=0.05)tended to be lower with 0 BG compared to 18 BG and 24 BG. Efficiency of milk production did not differ (P=0.93) among treatments. Milk fatty acid profiles were different among treatments, with general increases of individual fatty acids as BG inclusion increased. No differences were found in DM, CP or ADF digestibility across treatments. Results suggest wet BG fed simultaneously with grass hay can be utilized as a short-term replacement for CS in mid-lactation dairy cow diets.
Callis, Brandon LaKeith. "Genetic parameters for calving rate and age at first calving in Hereford heifers." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7053.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Daniel W. Moser
The purpose of this study was to estimate the heritability of calving rate and age at first calving in Hereford heifers, and evaluate whether age at calving would add accuracy to a genetic evaluation of calving rate. Pedigree and performance data on Hereford heifers born between 2001 and 2007 was provided by the American Hereford Association. After editing to exclude animals that did not fit inclusion criteria, the evaluated dataset contained 94,709 heifers with calving status information. Data were analyzed using single and two-trait animal models to obtain heritability estimates, and genetic correlation between calving rate and age at first calving was determined using MTDFREML. Contemporary groups for calving traits were defined as heifers that were in the same yearling weight contemporary group, and remained in the ownership of the same breeder through the age that they would be expected to calve. Estimates of heritability for calving rate and age at first calving from single-trait models were 0.25, and 0.12, respectively. Genetic correlation between calving rate and age at first calving was -0.01. Calving rate is moderately heritable in Hereford heifers, and can be used in genetic evaluation of sires to improve the trait through selection. Age at first calving has minimal genetic relationship to calving rate, and is not useful in increasing accuracy of selection for calving rate.
Wallace, Justin Oliver. "Nutrition and management strategies for confinement fed cattle : step-up programs, alternative feed ingredients, and health programs." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/923.
Full textBryan, Kelley Elizabeth. "Effects of extracellular matrices on porcine umbilical cord matrix stem cells." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1081.
Full textBaxa, Timothy John. "Effect of Zilpaterol hydrochloride and steroid implantation on yearling steer feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and skeletal muscle gene expression." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/936.
Full textMartinez-Kawas, Adrian. "Evaluating flushing procedures to prevent drug carryover during medicated feed manufacturing." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1025.
Full textRezac, Darrel James. "Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4642.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Barry J. Bradford
The transition from gestation to lactation requires numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in order for the body to maintain relative homeostasis. For the modern dairy cow, the difficulty to meet these challenges is increased many-fold due to the large demand for energy and metabolites placed on the body by the high producing mammary gland. Milk fever or periparturient hypocalcemia can be defined as a failure of the calcium homeostatic mechanisms to maintain serum calcium around the time of calving. Though clinical cases may only arise in ≈ 5% of transition cows, subclinical rates are much higher. Animals suffering from even subclinical milk fever are much more susceptible to numerous other transition disorders. Preventing milk fever by formulation of the prepartum ration may be accomplished by decreasing the dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) which can be defined as the balance between positively and negatively charged ions in the diet. An experiment was designed to test 2 diets containing t products designed to deliver supplementary anions to the diet versus a control ration with no added anions. Total serum calcium and incidence of postpartum health disorders were not affected by prepartum dietary treatment. Though DCAD was drastically different between the control ration and the 2 anionic diets, the concentration of the strong cation potassium was low across all treatments which presumably prevented hypocalcemia with the onset of lactation. Though our diets contained low concentrations of potassium, many diets used by dairymen contain forages that are high in potassium and thus might benefit from the addition of anions. An experiment of an unrelated nature was conducted to observe the effects of 2 diets containing wet corn gluten feed (46 or 56% of DM) as the primary energy substrate and tallgrass prairie hay (14 or 20% of DM) as the sole source of physically effective fiber versus a control ration containing alfalfa and corn silage. The 20% tallgrass prairie hay diet resulted in milk components and efficiencies similar to those of the control ration, but production and income over feed cost did not match that of the control ration in this situation.
Breiner, Sharon Jene'. "Perceptions and attitudes of cow-calf producers toward emerging technologies and policy issues in the beef cattle industry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/521.
Full textAnglin, Chad O'Neal. "Restricting dry matter intake of stocker calves and its subsequent effects on grazing, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1073.
Full textArnett, Aaron Matthew. "Effect of dietary vitamin a supplementation on serum and liver retinol content, growth performance, carcass composition, and meat quality of lambs and cattle." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/441.
Full textCrow, Brett Alan. "A comparison of needle-free and needle injection methods and solutions for enhancement of beef Longissimus lumborum muscles." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1540.
Full textKnetter, Susan Marie. "Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and indicators of bone and cartilage turnover in steers given trenbolone acetate and estradiol 17-beta alone or in combination." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1547.
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