Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture – Aspect économique – Québec (Province)'
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Mosadegh, Sedghy Bahareh. "Risque de prix et décisions de production et d'exportation : le cas de l'agriculture au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26821.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of price risk on the decision of farmers and processors in Quebec. The dissertation is structured in three main chapters. The first chapter looks on a literature review. The second chapter examines the effect of price risk on the supply of three productions namely grain corn, pork and lamb in the Quebec province. The final chapter focuses on the analysis of changing in preferences of the Quebec pork processor concerning the choice of market. The first chapter, addressing the academic background of importance of risks in agriculture, shows the significant effect of price risk on agricultural production. Also the literature points out the effect of price risk on international trade. The second chapter introduces risk factors (prices expectations and price volatility) in the supply function. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to model the above mentioned risk factors. The model parameters are estimated by full information maximum likelihood (FIML) method. While empirical results show the negative effect of price volatility on production, prices predictability has a positive effect on the amount produced. As expected, the results reveal the application of the farm income stabilization insurance program (ASRA) in Quebec leads to more sensitivity of producer to effective prices (prices including ASRA compensation) than to the market price. In addition, our results present less sensitivity to input prices than output ones in the case of application ASRA. The decrease in producer risk aversion is another consequence of the application of this program. On the other hand, estimation of the relative marginal risk premium index reveals that the pork producer is the most risk-averse producer. The third chapter concerns the analysis of market choice by Quebec pork processor. It is supposed that processor has the ability to supply his products in two markets: foreign and local. The theoretical model explains the relative supply as a function of both relative price expectation and relative price volatility. Furthermore this model shows that the sensitivity of the relative supply to the relative price volatility depends on two factors: the share of exports in total production and the elasticity of substitution between two markets. An error correction model is used in estimating model parameters. The results show a positive and significant effect of relative price anticipation on relative supply in short-term. Besides, these results show an increase in price volatility of foreign market in comparison to local market, leads to a decline of supply in the foreign market in long-term. Also according to the results, the local and foreign markets are more substitutable in long-term than short-term.
Fournier, Martin. "La durabilité des systèmes productifs laitiers québécois et ontariens en tant qu'indicateur de leur compétitivité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25551/25551.pdf.
Full textLeblond, Jessy. "Contribution socio-économique des petites fromageries québecoises à leur milieu : le cas des petites fromageries en Chaudière-Appalaches." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27524/27524.pdf.
Full textCollette, Maxime. "Perturbations dans le secteur laitier québécois : évaluation du comportement stratégique des producteurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30352/30352.pdf.
Full textMany economic and climatic disruptions have influenced the Quebec dairy farms between 2000 and 2010. However, the incidence of these disruptions did not have the same effect on the financial health of the farms, as demonstrated by the disparity shown in their financial results. In order to obtain a better understanding of the presence of heterogeneity, the strategic behavior of the most efficient and the less efficient producers has been evaluated from two series of analysis, performed on eleven management strategies. The results showed that the producers of the head subgroup obtained better security margin, labour organization, dairy productivity and valorization of the fodder than the producers of the tail subgroup, regardless of the economic and climatic situation. It appears then, that their production structure and their strategic planning are more economically efficient and more capable of restraining the negative effects of disruptions.
Ndegue, Fongue Moïse Kouakou. "Efficience technique et efficience environnementale en agriculture." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28398/28398.pdf.
Full textSoucy, Claire. "Le travail féminin en milieu rural agricole dans la région du Bas Saint-Laurent (1920-1950)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29402.
Full textThibeault, Régis. "L'essor de l'industrie laitière et du capitalisme agraire au Saguenay, XIXe et XXe siècles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28591.
Full textGariépy, Marie-Claude. "La pérennité de l'entreprise agricole et son lien avec le contexte organisationnel au moment du transfert des avoirs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25943/25943.pdf.
Full textDjuikom, Marie Albertine. "Three essays on the Return on investment in human capital of skilled immigrants in Quebec and internal labor migration in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33994.
Full textCette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse à la migration interne et internationale. Dans un premier temps, je m’intéresse à l’intégration professionnelle des immigrants de la catégorie des travailleurs qualifiés au Québec. Le Québec comme la plupart des autres provinces du Canada, sélectionnent leurs immigrants sur la base de caractéristiques particulières telles que le niveau d’éducation, l’expérience professionnelle, les compétences en français et ou en anglais. Ces compétences devraient faciliter l’insertion professionnelle de ces immigrants et il est donc surprenant de voir que près de la moitié d’entre eux retournent aux études une fois arrivés au Québec afin d’obtenir un diplôme universitaire ou collégial. De ce fait, les deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse s’attèlent à comprendre pourquoi ces immigrants, malgré une telle dotation en capital humain à l’entrée du marché du travail Québécois, décident de retourner aux études et quels sont les effets de cet investissement en éducation tout d’abord sur les fréquences d’emplois et les durées en emploi et ensuite, sur le profil de revenus. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse s’intéresse à la participation à la migration interne en Ouganda et l’effet de cette participation sur la productivité agricole des ménages vivant en milieu rural. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’effet dynamique de la formation post-migratoire sur l’offre de travail des immigrants. A cet effet, je fais la distinction entre un emploi qualifié et un emploi non qualifié. Ici, un emploi qualifié est celui-là qui correspond au plus haut diplôme obtenu par l’immigrant à l’entrée. J’utilise un modèle de durée à plusieurs états et à plusieurs épisodes qui permet de tenir compte de l’hétérogénéité observable et inobservable entre les individus. Le principal résultat révèle que les immigrants originaires de pays riches n’ont pas besoin d’investir davantage dans l’éducation Québécoise. En revanche, les immigrants originaires de pays pauvres quant à eux, bien que hautement qualifiés, bénéficient largement d’une telle formation à long terme car cela facilite leur transition vers des emplois qualifiés et non qualifiés et hors du chômage. Mes résultats indiquent également que la sélection dans l’éducation doit être prise en compte afin d’éviter des problèmes de sélection significatifs. À la différence du premier où on suppose que l’effet causal de la formation est le même pour chaque individu, le deuxième chapitre quant à lui s’intéresse à l’hétérogénéité de l’effet causal de la formation sur les revenus. Autrement dit, pour chaque individu il est possible d’estimer un effet moyen en comparant son revenu dans le cas où il a obtenu un diplôme au Québec avec la situation où il n’aurait pas eu un diplôme au Québec, et vice-versa. Ceci est possible grâce à l’introduction de l’approche bayésienne dans l’analyse d’évaluation d’impact mettant en exergue l’estimation du contre-factuel de la variable d’intérêt. Les principaux résultats révèlent que les gains de l’éducation acquise au Québec par rapport à ceux de l’éducation acquise à l’étranger diffèrent d’un immigrant à l’autre. En outre, il y a un gain négatif à entreprendre des études au Québec pour tous les immigrants. Particulièrement, plus la probabilité d’entreprendre des études au Québec est élevée plus le retour sur investissement est faible. Il semblerait que les employeurs rémunèrent les immigrants non pas seulement par rapport à leur diplôme or sa provenance mais aussi par rapport à la qualité de leur précédent emploi. Ainsi, on s’attendrait à ce que les immigrants, toute suite après leur formation, acceptent un emploi relativement moins rémunéré que celui qu’il aurait eu étant donné son éducation. Par ailleurs, bien que l’approche bayésienne suggère que, comparativement aux immigrants qui ont obtenu un diplôme collégial au Québec, ceux qui obtiennent un diplôme universitaire sont les plus négativement affectés par un tel investissement en éducation, l’approche Fréquentiste suggère que ces derniers obtiennent le meilleur rendement des études acquises au Québec. Cela soulève à nouveau la question du biais de sélection qui peut subvenir lorsque l’hétérogénéité de l’effet n’est pas prise en compte. Le troisième chapitre a pour objectif d’estimer la distribution de l’effet dynamique de la participation des ménages à la migration interne de la main d’œuvre sur la productivité agricole. Les résultats révèlent que même si en moyenne la migration interne affecte positivement la productivité agricole, il y a des ménages pour lesquels l’effet est négatif. De plus, les ménages pour qui l’effet est négatif sont pour la plupart de petits agriculteurs et sont par conséquent plus susceptibles d’être pauvres et donc plus susceptibles d’être sujet à la volatilité des prix au niveau local. Par ailleurs, l’effet moyen de la migration tend à augmenter avec la probabilité de participer à la migration interne signifiant que les individus décident de participer à la migration parce qu’ils anticipent des gains futurs plus élevés. Parallèlement, j’examine dans quelle mesure les taux de migration antérieurs, largement utilisés dans la littérature en tant qu’instrument de la décision de participer à la migration, sont exogènes à la productivité agricole. Les résultats suggèrent que ces variables ne sont pas exogènes car elles sont intimement corrélées avec la productivité agricole.
This doctoral thesis is interested in international and internal migration. First, it focuses on the professional integration of immigrants in the category of skilled workers in Quebec. Quebec is one of the ten provinces of Canada that, like most other provinces, implemented a program back in 1996 that explicitly selected highly qualified workers based on particular characteristics such as the level of education (Bachelors’, Masters’ or PhD’s), work experience, French and/or English proficiency. Despite these skills that should facilitate their professional integration, 48% of immigrants return to school once they arrive in Quebec in order to obtain a university or college diploma. The first two chapters of this thesis investigates why these immigrants decide to go back to school with such an endowment of human capital and what the effects of this investment in education are on the job frequencies and job durations and, on the earnings profile. This thesis then focuses on the households participation in internal labor migration and the dynamic effect of this participation on the agricultural productivity of households living in rural area of Uganda. The first chapter investigates the extent to which the return to foreign-acquired human capital is different from the education acquired in Quebec. Specifically, it seeks to estimate the benefits of post-migration education over foreign-education on the transitions between qualified and unqualified jobs and unemployment by means of a multiple-spells and multiplestates model. Here, a qualified job is one that corresponds to the highest degree obtained by the immigrant before they come in Quebec. The main results suggest that immigrants originating from well-off countries have no need to further invest in domestic education. Meanwhile, immigrants from poor countries, despite being highly qualified, benefit greatly from such training in the long run as it eases their transitions into qualified and unqualified jobs and out of unemployment. Our results also indicate that selection in education must be taken into account in order to avoid significant selection problems. Unlike the first chapter in which only the average effect of schooling is estimated, the goal of the second chapter is to estimate the distribution of the causal effect of Quebec-acquired education on migrants’ earnings. In other words, it is possible to estimate an average effect for each individual by comparing his income in the case he has obtained a Quebec diploma to the situation where he has not obtained a diploma from Quebec, and vice versa. This is possible thanks to the introduction of the Bayesian approach in the treatment analysis allowing to account for the heterogeneity of the effect. The main results reveal that on average and for each immigrant, there is a negative gain to study in Quebec. However, the magnitude of the effect differs from one immigrant to another. Particularly, the gains tend to decrease with the likelihood of enrolling in school and with the level of ability. Thus, our results suggest that employers pay migrants not only based on their level of education or its origin but more importantly based on the quality of prior jobs held. Furthermore, one would expect immigrants to accept, right after their training, a relatively less paid job than the one he would have had given his education. While the Bayesian approach suggests that immigrants who have enrolled to obtain a university degree are the most negatively affected, the Frequentist approach suggests that those immigrants obtain the highest positive return from Quebec-acquired education. This raises again the issue of mis-evaluation when the essential heterogeneity is not taking into account. The goal of the third chapter is to estimate the distribution of the dynamic effect of household participation in internal labor migration on agricultural productivity in Uganda. Since household can have both observed and unobserved factors that can affect both the decision to participate or not in migration and the return from it, this study account for the heterogeneity of the effect. Results reveal that although, on average, internal labor migration positively affects agricultural productivity, there are households for which the effect is negative. In addition, households for which the effect is negative are mostly small farmers, therefore more likely to be poor and more likely to be subject to local price volatility. It seems that return to migration helps poor household to meet other needs. Moreover, the average effect of migration tends to increase with the probability of participating in internal migration, meaning that households decide to participate in migration because they anticipate higher future returns. At the same time, we also examine the extent to which past migration rates, widely used in the literature as an instrument for the decision to participate in migration, are exogenous to agricultural productivity. Results show that these variables are not exogenous because they are highly correlated with agricultural productivity.
Bois, Hélène. "Les aumôniers et la déconfessionnalisation des institutions économico-sociales québécoises (1940-1972)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28460.
Full textGagné, Maude. "Étude économique sur le transport par train routier au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68172.
Full textRoad train transport is now often on Canadian highways. This variation of trucking allows a larger load of goods to be hauled with just one tractor. Multinationals use this type of transportation for their daily operations and use of this operational strategy is growing. Road trains regulation is less restrictive than it was before. The majority of current research is on the mechanics of the road train but few studies are available on the profitability of these operations. This report proposes an economic study of the road train. In partnership with a Quebec company established for 20 years, the economic study compares road train operations with that of regular trucking. The company wants to define the cost differences between the two types of operations in order to implement a long-term and sustainable business strategy. Using real data and observation of the flow of goods, the economic study is based on different scenarios experienced by the company. In addition, the sensitivity of the various parameters is studied to better understand the cost behavior of the company. Results showed that road train can in some cases save both money and time for the company. By analyzing transportation demands and calculating the costs associated with traditional trucking as well as road train, the company can reduce operational costs by choosing the most cost effective type of transportation according to its demand.
Nshimyumukiza, Léon. "Cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal screening for Down syndrome in the Quebec healthcare system : health economic aspects." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27889.
Full textIntroduction: In the Province of Quebec, about 110,000 pregnant women are eligible to voluntary prenatal screening for trisomy 21(T21). Conventional screening strategies select about 4% of women for invasive fetal chromosome testing. Noninvasive prenatal testing using maternal blood cell-free DNA (NIPT) is a new highly accurate screening strategy that could reduce these invasive procedures but evidence about its health economic aspects (cost-effectiveness and affordability) is still lacking. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the expected health economic aspects of introducing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. The first study systematically reviewed the literature of full economic evaluation studies on NIPT. The second study evaluated the expected cost-effectiveness of screening strategies incorporating NIPT, as well as conventional screening strategies. The third study evaluated the expected budget impact of implementing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. Methodology: A systematic review of literature was performed for the first study. For the second and third studies, semi-Markov decision-analytic models were built to simulate the cost-effectiveness and the budget impact of NIPT for a virtual cohort of pregnant women similar to that of Quebec in terms of age and pregnancy rate by age. The main outcome for the cost-effectiveness analysis was the incremental cost per additional trisomy 21 detected. The main outcome for the budget impact analysis was the difference in the overall costs between the two alternatives: the current screening strategy vs. the most cost-effective strategy incorporating NIPT). Results: The first study included 16 studies. Results show that compared to current screening practice a universal NIPT screening program is not cost-effective. A program that offers NIPT to high risk pregnant women was found to be the most cost-effective option in the majority of studies included. The second study showed that NIPT as a second-tier test for high-risk women is cost-effective compared to screening algorithms not including NIPT. Out of 13 strategies compared, the integrated serum screening strategy followed by NIPT was the most cost-effective strategy. Other strategies can improve the number of T21 cases identified, but with increasing incremental costs per case (from $ 61,623 to $1,553,615). Results were sensitive to NIPT cost and cut-offs considered to determine high risk pregnant women. The third study found that NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is affordable for the Quebec health care system. Compared to the current screening program, this strategy could be implemented at a neutral cost considering a modest yearly saving of $80,432 (95% CI: $79,874-$81,462). Results were sensitive to the NIPT costs and the uptake-rate of invasive diagnostic tests. Conclusion: NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is cost-effective and affordable for the Quebec health care system. Decision makers should consider its introduction after considerations of others aspects such as ethical issues.
Giroux-Works, Nakeyah. "Expériences d'un climat en changement : conditions socio-économiques et défis environnementaux chez les pêcheurs et agriculteurs madelinots." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28140.
Full textThis master’s thesis focuses on the discourses and practices by which the Magdalen Islands fishermen and farmers address the issue of climate change. These Madelinots contend daily with climate-related factors in their activities based upon environment exploitation. Guided by the approaches of environmental history and political ecology, this master’s thesis examines the scope of human actions on the nature, the significations given to nature and their resulting socio-environmental repercussions. Likewise, this study aims to better understand the place of climate change in local discourses about the economic livelihoods of fishermen and farmers, the environmental degradations and the energy future of the archipelago. It also demonstrates the social construction of climate change and discerns its social, political and economic components.
Gingras, Patrick. "Entre innovation économique et cohésion sociale : les coopératives forestières et le développement des régions périphériques du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24905/24905.pdf.
Full textLevesque, Pascale. "Dépenses occasionnées aux femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein non métastatique et à leur conjoint." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24604.
Full textObjectives: This master's thesis focuses on out-of-pocket (OOP) costs incurred by women diagnosed with early breast cancer and their spouses during the first year following diagnosis. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among consecutive series of women from eight Quebec hospitals. OOP costs were estimated on the basis of information collected by three telephone interviews at 1, 6 and 12 months following the start of treatment. Results: A total of 800 women (participation, 86%) and 391 spouses (participation, 72 %) completed all three interviews. Median OOP costs was CAD$ 1002 for women and CAD$ 111 for their spouses. A significant proportion of OOP costs (74 %) resulted from treatments and follow-up. Conclusion: Considered overall, out-of-pocket costs from breast cancer for the first year after diagnosis appear relatively modest.
Trudelle, Mathieu. "Retombées économiques de la filière feuillus durs au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27268/27268.pdf.
Full textBélanger, Philippe. "Environnement psychosocial de travail, niveau socio-économique et tension artérielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23914/23914.pdf.
Full textRegnault, Blas. "Les rapports université-industrie : les enjeux de la productivité économique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37898.
Full textQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2020
Chiasson, Angie-Kim. "L'impact des tarifs sur le comportement des médecins spécialistes du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26273/26273.pdf.
Full textRobert, Lambert Marc-Olivier. "Capacité à payer des pêcheurs de touladi et d'ombles de fontaine face aux pratiques d'ensemencement au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28205.
Full textLarochelle, Donald. "Méthode d'évaluation de la durabilité technico-économique des fermes laitières québécoises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28141/28141.pdf.
Full textVekeman, Francis. "Choix de véhicules et demande de kilométrage : une approche microéconométrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22137/22137.pdf.
Full textA discrete/continuous choice model is used to analyze the ownership of private motor vehicles and their use in Quebec. The estimation of the discrete choice model is based on the Mixed Logit specification and each of the 224 different vehicle models appears as specific element of the choice set. A generalization of Heckman’s correction term is incorporated in the vehicle use equation for each alternative. The data come from a special survey conducted by the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec in 1996-1997. The empirical results show that car choice is highly related to driver’s age and fuel consumption. Prices of car do not affect the probability of owning most of vehicle classes, including SUV. Gender, household location, age, and fuel price are among the main determinants of car use.
Dumont, Étienne. "Impact de la rémunération mixte sur les médecins spécialistes du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23338/23338.pdf.
Full textChrétien, Frédéric. "Estimation du taux de chômage naturel régional : le cas des régions administratives du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69819.
Full textRegional unemployment in the province of Quebec is characterized by a significant heterogeneity both in the levels across the regions and how they evolve. Between March 1997 and December 2018, for example, the mean unemployment rate was about 6.3% in Capitale-Nationale and of 10.0% in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean; an important gap of almost four percentage points. Because those disparities are inefficient (Taylor, 1996) and because they exacerbate income inequalities (Macphail, 2000), understanding their determinants is essential. Previous works on the determinants of unemployment point to the influence of fiscal legislation and labourmarket institutions to explain unemployment rates disparities amongst the countries. Therefore, those factors being homogeneous for regions in the same province, they cannot explain this diversity between Quebec’s administrative regions. Based on Friedman’s (1968) definition of structural unemployment, we develop a model that divides the observed regional unemployment rates in a natural (or structural) and a cyclical component which allows for the integration of new determinants like regional productivity and industrial composition. Using panel data on Quebec’s administrative regions from March 1997 to December 2018, we run a fixed effects ordinary least square (OLS) estimation with an SCC error term robust to correlation and cross-correlation plus a fixed effects general least square (GLS) estimation integrating an AR(1) correlated error term. Results show that regions’ productivity and industrial composition both have a significant effect on regional unemployment. Finally, we use our results to calculate the natural unemployment rate and its evolution for each region andbriefly discuss its evaluation.
Huth, Juan Fernando Petrinovic. "Bénéfices économiques de l'amélioration génétique : l'épinette blanche au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21980.
Full textRichardson, Mary. "Polycultures of the mind : organic farmers in Québec and the recovery of agency." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25408/25408.pdf.
Full textGbenyo, Koffi. "Trois essais sur les liens entre le port et son territoire environnant : le cas du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37736.
Full textThis thesis investigates the relations between ports and their economic environment. It is written in three chapters that offer a gradation.The first chapter seeks to identify the geographical territories, formed by circles of variable radii around the ports as centers, within which the value of a bunch of indicators remain stable. This first step identifies the scale over which the results of analyses using those indicators vary less. To achieve this goal, econometric analyses are used through parameters stability testing. The results reveal a territory defined over a range of radii between 4,000m and 4,500m. The second chapter presents first the principal functions of the ports of the province of Quebec based on their activities, and then a classification of these ports using a statistical classification based on the ports’ activities, and on the economic activities located within 4,250m around these ports. The groups (of both typologies) obtained are compared, in order to verify whether (or not) the business landscape of these (groups of) ports reflects their main activities. The results show that the activities of ports that belong to the rural and metropolitan categories of ports have landscape reflecting their main activities, which is not the case for the majority of ports. Consequently, one could hardly simplify the economic reality of the ports’ neighbourhood to the activities of the incumbent ports. The third chapter uses correlation analysis to study the relationship between the growth of the ports’ activities and the growth of their surrounding economic activities from different industrial sectors. It verifies whether (or not) the growth of these activities is statistically associated, and (whether or not) the eventual resulting associations are positive. The results show that the growth of the ports’ activities is only followed by the growth of jobs in the manufacturing sector around the ports.
D'Almeida, Tohoué Ayayi Maxime. "Santé financière des entreprises laitières, céréalières et de fruits et légumes au Québec : évolution 2005-2015." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27899.
Full textThe difficult economic situation of Québec farms inspires much interest. Several studies are devoted to the technical and economic analysis of farms, all production combined. This is also the case of the current thesis. Its overall objective is to analyze the financial health of dairy, cereals and fruit & vegetable enterprises over the period 2005-2015. To achieve this, comparative analysis, parametric and nonparametric regressions have been combined. Data analyzed were from the “Farm Financial Survey” conducted both by Statistics Canada and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAC). The absence of the “cost of living” data forced the study to be limited to farming enterprises that were organized in corporation. The latter were nonetheless quite enough representative of the total sample. Results showed that dairy farmers have the best results although their financial health was unstable and was gradually degrading. Fruit and vegetable producers have an acceptable financial health with an improving trend over the years. Cereal farmers were in a bad position with poor financial health and a worsening trend. Our results also showed that dairy farmers owed their good financial health to an excellent control of production costs. The excellent productivity of cash investments (capital) of fruit and vegetable producers justifies their results despite the high production costs they face. The low productivity of capital, coupled with high production costs, explains the poor financial health of cereals. The large fruit and vegetable enterprise is in better financial health. Conversely, the large dairy enterprise is less profitable. Size does not explain the financial health of cereal farmers. Experience does not significantly impact the financial health of dairy, cereals and fruit and vegetable enterprises. Keywords: financial health, farming enterprise, milk, cereals, fruits and vegetables
D'Anjou, Philippe. "Le choix des dispositions législatives en droit des sociétés par actions à la lumière d'une étude fondée sur l'analyse économique du droit." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27936.
Full textLa dernière problématique de cette section est celle de l'approbation des changements importants par les actionnaires. Le quatrième et dernier thème étudié est axé sur la protection des créanciers, lesquels constituent une autre partie prenante importante de la société par actions. Deux problématiques sont examinées dans cette section. La première est celle des tests de solvabilité qui sont notamment requis lors de la déclaration et du paiement de dividendes aux actionnaires de la société. La deuxième problématique est celle de la protection des créanciers lors d'une fusion de la société débitrice.
Knight, Sheilagh. "L'immigration latino-américaine au Québec, 1973-1986 : éléments politiques et économiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29317.
Full textBradette, Diane. "Comment se protéger à Québec durant la crise économique de 1929-1939 : l'interaction famille, Église, État." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25284.pdf.
Full textDrouin, Sarah. "Variation du coût des fruits et légumes dans divers milieux de la grande région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26305/26305.pdf.
Full textAouini, Sirine. "Acceptabilité et consentement à payer pour des œufs enrichis en vitamine D au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69483.
Full text$8369722\u$aThe egg producers in Quebec are considering introducing vitamin D eggs but are facing two positioning alternatives to bring them to the retail market. On the one hand, vitamin D eggscan become a "standard" and all eggs sold in Quebec will be enriched in vitamin D. On theother hand, vitamin D eggs can be sold as a specialty product, as is currently the situation forOmega-3 eggs. This thesis therefore examines the positioning choices for vitamin D eggs according to an alternative of public good (standard) and private good (specialty) issues. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to measure the acceptability and willingness to pay (WTP) of Quebec consumers for vitamin D eggs, as well as the WTP for choice (private positioning);(2) to verify the impact of information levels and variables associated with health and healthy eating on the positioning choices for vitamin D eggs, whether private or public; (3) to use tools that take into consideration the hypothetical bias in a public good and private good issue and measure their effects; and (4) to identify and empirically measure the effect of a potential inattention bias associated with respondents who are members of panels of professional firms.A survey with a modified double-bounded dichotomous choice model was administered to1223 egg consumers in Quebec. To take into consideration a potential hypothetical bias, the questionnaire included tests of validity, such as consequentiality (Vossler et al. 2012) andcertainty (Blumenschein et al. 2008). The questionnaire gathers socio-economic informationas well as two levels of information to build a health perception construct (Labrecque et al.,2006) to be interacted with the acceptability and WTP measurements. The results indicate that 72% of respondents would accept to purchase vitamin D eggs, butwith differing preferences for public or private positioning. For example, 47% of participants chose a public positioning while 53% chose a private positioning that presents vitamin Deggs as specialty eggs. Estimates reveal that for vitamin D, the average estimated WTP varies between $0.56 to $0.71, while for choice, it varies between $0.22 to $0.52. The results indicate the potential presence of a hypothetical bias in the form of strategic behaviors. Our results indicate that 18% of participants are inattentive respondents. Although our results indicate significant differences between the attentive and inattentive for some variables, theoverall analysis is only marginally affected.
Rochefort, Mathieu. "Analyse du lien entre les pratiques de financement et certains résultats des entreprises laitières québécoises." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25515.
Full textThe analysis of funding practices initiates in a context where these practices that run the agricultural sector are questioned and where financial situation of dairy farms does not seem in good shape. First of all, good practices that are based on the financial theory have been identified. Also, real practices have been explored from an evaluation of some real cases consisting in indebted dairy farms in operation for many years. Results demonstrate that, for the sample of farms subjected to special conditions, some cases present practices that are not strict enough. Furthermore, behavior study and risk evaluation of the farmers in regards to the bank credit bring to conclude that the situation is not going to improve easily if there is no future change. So, it is demonstrated that funding practices can be a factor that explains why some results of the indebted dairy farms are not attractive.
Comtois-Rousseau, Émilie. "L'impact de la politique familiale de 1997 sur le choix de localisation des ménages québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26849/26849.pdf.
Full textGarant, Maude. "L'expérience du transnationalisme dans un contexte de régionalisation de l'immigration au Québec : le cas des immigrants à Thetford Mines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26757/26757.pdf.
Full textRobert, Martel Jérôme. "Performance des chantiers ouverts en contexte de mines profondes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26933.
Full textThis thesis presents the results of a performance study of open stopes in deep mines as part of the “Deep Mines: Operating challenges and impacts on mineralurgical recovery” research project developed by the Laval University Mining Engineering, Metallurgy and Materials Department. The data used in this study are sourced from more than 1,000 open stopes mined between 860 and 2,450 meters from surface at the LaRonde mine, the deepest underground mine in the Western hemisphere. This study contains a literature review that describes the problems related to dilution and ore losses stemming from open stope efficiency and their impacts on mining projects. The study presents a comparison of the planned and actual efficiency at LaRonde as well as a statistical demonstration that the variation of the in situ stress ratio and the depth is a significant factor that influences open stope productivity. The effect of this performance factor is illustrated and validated using a series of numerical models. This thesis also presents a preliminary step to develop an open stope dilution evaluation model taking into account the mining depth. Finally, in order to improve the precision of mineral reserve estimates during mine project evaluation, an estimation methodology integrating the proposed model is presented for projects that have similar geological, geotechnical, and operational parameters as the LaRonde mine.
Bergeron, Stéphane. "Analyse des estimations économiques des services écologiques pour faciliter leur intégration dans les processus décisionnels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25181.
Full textThe purpose of this paper is to understand the values of ecosystem services obtained from different estimation methods and to provide guidance to facilitate their use for landscape management decisions. In the first chapter, we present an accounting for the ecosystems rendered by wetlands in Minganie, Québec. The accounting is divided in three categories: ecosystem services, natural capital and carbon sequestration. We proceed to analyse how these values may be used in the field and suggest that further analysis of the underlying estimation methods would help in identifying their areas of applicability. The second chapter takes a closer look at three estimations methods: replacement cost, marginal benefit methods and damage avoided costs. From this analysis it is concluded that a careful interpretation of monetary values is needed to properly guide their use in the decision making process.
Boucher, Pierre-Olivier. "Usage des thermostats électroniques dans le marché résidentiel québécois : une analyse microéconomique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23161/23161.pdf.
Full textZenab, Hamat. "Les entreprises porcines face à l'écoconditionnalité : une étude exploratoire des stratégies d'ajustement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23934/23934.pdf.
Full textLongchamps, Benoît. "Les variables liées au développement socio-économique des municipalités québécoises : des outils pour accroître l'efficacité des programmes de transferts." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26837/26837.pdf.
Full textLemay, Solène. "Information et promotion : hybridation des genres et nouvelles catégories médiatiques dans la presse de référence (Le cas du "Devoir")." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23423.
Full textTremblay, Marie-Michèle. "La consommation marchande des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les ménages québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30467/30467.pdf.
Full textTherrien, Marc, and Marc Therrien. "Le calcul des coûts de la congestion routière causée par les ponts reliant Québec et Lévis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28300.
Full textLa congestion routière est un problème qui fait supporter de nombreux coûts à la société, qu’il s’agisse de perte de temps, d’une consommation accrue de carburant ou d’une pollution atmosphérique supplémentaire. Dans la région métropolitaine de Québec, le problème est particulièrement présent aux alentours des ponts de Québec et Pierre-Laporte. Ce mémoire propose de calculer trois types de coût de la congestion routière autour des ponts en utilisant des données GPS, soit le coût total, le coût externe et la perte sociale de la congestion. Nos résultats semblent indiquer que la congestion fait supporter un coût total à la société de plus de 40 millions $ par année dans la zone autour des ponts, en estimant ce coût selon deux approches différentes. Le coût externe de la congestion dans la zone est estimé à 21,7 millions $ et la perte sociale entraînée par cette congestion à 5,5 millions $ annuellement. Les coûts de la congestion estimés sont nettement supérieurs à ceux de l’étude parue en juin 2017 de Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton qui estimait le coût total pour les tronçons routiers principaux dans une zone similaire autour des ponts à 15,8 millions $.
Road congestion is a problem that burdens society with many costs, whether it is loss of time, an increased consumption of fuel or supplementary atmospheric pollution. In the metropolitan region of Quebec, the problem is particularly present in the vicinity of Quebec and Pierre-Laporte bridges. This master’s thesis proposes to calculate three types of cost of road congestion around the bridges using GPS data : the total cost, the external cost and the social loss of congestion. Our results seem to indicate that the congestion imposes a total cost to the society over $40 million per year in the area around the bridges, estimating this cost with two different approaches. The external cost of congestion in the area is estimated to $21.7 million and the social loss incurred by this congestion to $5.5 million annually. The estimates of the cost of congestion are considerably higher than those of the study published in June 2017 by Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton that estimated the total cost for the main roads within a similar zone around the bridges of $15.8 million per year.
Road congestion is a problem that burdens society with many costs, whether it is loss of time, an increased consumption of fuel or supplementary atmospheric pollution. In the metropolitan region of Quebec, the problem is particularly present in the vicinity of Quebec and Pierre-Laporte bridges. This master’s thesis proposes to calculate three types of cost of road congestion around the bridges using GPS data : the total cost, the external cost and the social loss of congestion. Our results seem to indicate that the congestion imposes a total cost to the society over $40 million per year in the area around the bridges, estimating this cost with two different approaches. The external cost of congestion in the area is estimated to $21.7 million and the social loss incurred by this congestion to $5.5 million annually. The estimates of the cost of congestion are considerably higher than those of the study published in June 2017 by Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton that estimated the total cost for the main roads within a similar zone around the bridges of $15.8 million per year.
Paré, Pierre-Olivier. "Évolution des impacts de cinq transformations sociales sur la progression du niveau de vie des Québecois de 1986 à 2016." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70285.
Full textSince the end of the Second World War, Quebec society has undergone major changes that may have influenced the recent increase in the standard of living of Quebecers: i) major school reforms; ii) the change from the Fordist model of production to the post-Fordist model of production; iii) increased contribution of women to the labor market; iv) the change from the modern family model to the contemporary family model; and v) the aging of the population. The main objectives of this thesis are, on the one hand, to better understand how these transformations could have affected the increase in the standard of living from 1986 to 2016 and, on the other hand, to highlight the inequalities in the standard of living between households according to their characteristics. To do this, we propose to examine the evolution of the standard of living from a macroeconomic perspective, using real GDP per capita, and from a microeconomic perspective using adjusted income. Some of our variables had negative impacts on the standard of living (changes in the demographic profile of the population, the decrease in the number of workers per household, the decrease in the number of hours worked level as well as changes in household composition). Other variables had nuanced impacts or little impact (changes in the age and sex of the primary maintainer, the decrease in household size and the stagnation of employment income). On the other hand, certain variables had positive impacts (the evolution of the employment rate, the growth of productivity, the decrease in the number of dependent children per household, the increase in the level of education and the growth government transfers).
Parent, Alexandre. "Les coûts sociaux liés à la pauvreté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26374.
Full textChampagne, Marie-Pier. "Les impacts du transport en commun sur les constructions immobilières commerciales et résidentielles : le cas du métro de Montréal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67988.
Full textThis master thesis aims to evaluate the impact of the extension of the orange line of the metro from Montreal to Laval on real estate development. The empirical analysis focuses on its impact on the location and quantification of commercial and residential constructions, between 1998 and 2017. The main hypothesis is that new commercial constructions will be spatially concentrated around the stations, leaving less room for new residential construction, which will be located just outside the commercial zone. To test this hypothesis, a pairing approach is chosen, in which the number of new commercial and residential constructions are the dependent variables. A 2 kilometers area around the stations is separated into a hexagonal mesh, where the hexagons represent the individual entities. In order to compare the effect of new constructions, a comparison between two groups, one likely to be influenced by the arrival of new stations (treatment) and another most likely less affected (control), is carried out with an incremental approach. Each of the groups is generated by zones based on the distance to the nearest station and a radius varying between 250 and 1 750 meters defines these zones. The analysis also divided the zones by period to identify the effects related to speculation, anticipation, and adjustment. The main results largely confirm the hypothesis. A greater spatial concentration of new commercial buildings is noted within a radius of, at most, 750 meters from the stations and the development of new residential buildings is noted between 1 000 and 1 250 meters. The joint increase in new residential and commercial construction near stations after the launch also underlines the rise of mixed neighbourhood, accommodating both residential and commercial activities.
Hogue-Hugron, Sandrine. "La recolonisation spontanée des bancs d'emprunt et essais de restauration à l'aide de bryophytes et de lichens." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27411/27411.pdf.
Full textBéland, Mathieu, and Mathieu Béland. "Analyse de rentabilité de la récolte de biomasse dégradée par les insectes pour la bioénergie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38211.
Full textLes perturbations naturelles font partie intégrante de l’aménagement des forêts boréales canadiennes. Des débouchés doivent être trouvés pour les quantités importantes de bois provenant d’arbres dégradés ou morts. Une option prometteuse est la bioénergie. Cependant, il est essentiel de regarder la rentabilité de cette filière. Une approche par étude de cas a été réalisée pour évaluer la rentabilité d’une usine de bioénergie qui utilise de la biomasse dégradée, dans la province de Québec (Canada), en s’approvisionnant sur les mêmes territoires que les usines de sciage et de pâte. Les opérations forestières de récolte et transport ont été simulées. La rentabilité d’un scénario témoin, pour lequel seulement la récolte de bois marchand destiné au sciage et à la pâte et qui laisse les arbres trop dégradés intacts, a été comparée à la rentabilité d’un scénario transformant les arbres dégradés en bioénergie, tout en transformant les arbres sains en sciage et pâte. Aussi, l’effet de la répartition des coûts fixes sur un plus grand volume de bois a été évalué. Les bénéfices de la récolte de biomasse pour la bioénergie, en termes de réduction de l’intensité des travaux de préparation de terrain, a aussi été évaluée. Les résultats montrent qu’au prix actuel du marché, dominé par les granules de bois, la récolte de bois morts ou dégradés pour faire de la bioénergie n’est pas aussi rentable que de laisser les arbres debout, non coupés. Le scénario de bioénergie reste rentable lorsque le niveau de dégradation moyen est modéré. Aussi, la répartition des coûts fixes sur un plus grand volume de bois a permis de réaliser des économies de 2.83$C/m3 en moyenne. Finalement, la récolte de biomasse pour la bioénergie a permis de réaliser des économies allant de 0 à 500$/ha, en évitant des coûts de préparation de terrain.
Dangbedji, Jornette Christelle. "Évaluation agroenvironnementale et économique intégrée de scénarios de pratiques de gestion bénéfiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30431/30431.pdf.
Full textAgriculture is the main source of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen in rivers and wetland. When there are in high concentrations, these elements significantly deteriorate the quality of water. This study focuses on the benefits perceived by farmers and non-farm rural residents from the implementation, by farmers, of best management practices (BMP). It focuses primarily on the Chaudière and Etchemin watersheds. Non-market valuation processes are complex and require the characterization of preferences of individuals. A survey designed to elicit stated preferences through stated choice experiments was conducted. The results uncovered considerable heterogeneity in preferences with some respondents showing risk aversion, some being risk neutral or risk-loving. We estimated farmers’ and non-farm rural residents’ willingness to pay for improvements in water quality. Our results show that farmers do not like to be taxed or to shift the burden to taxpayers while rural residents derive utility from greater contributions from taxpayers. Keywords: BMP, Water quality, Agriculture, Choice experiment, Random parameter logit model, Latent class model.