Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture biologique – Aspect social'
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Richardson, Mary. "Polycultures of the mind : organic farmers in Québec and the recovery of agency." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25408/25408.pdf.
Full textLeroux, Benoît. "Les agriculteurs biologiques et l'alternative : contribution à une anthropologie politique d'un monde paysan en devenir." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0137.
Full textThis thesis takes aim at probing and analyzing the social dynamics within the organic farming arena given both its internal configuration and its external interactions such as with the food-processing field and politics. We shall, first, attempt to identify and outline this specific social space by various investigative approaches (socio-historical, geopolitical, socio-anthropological) and by inspecting social properties incorporated within collective structures (trends, organisations, beliefs, issues,. . . ). Then we shall consider the representations and individual strategies of approximately thirty farmers involved in today organic farming emphasizing articulation between on one side their business model and perspectives and on the other side organic farming structural transformations. The reconstruction of its genesis and the analysis of the institutionalization process enable to circumscribe logics and social characteristics sustaining the « cultural system » fundament of agriculture and organic farmers. Via the constitution of a bipolar socioprofessional space, this method serves to underIine the presence of a whole set of intermediate positions located between these two structuring poles, which ail in ail contribute to a conventionalisation of organic farming. Nevertheless, studies on socio-technical innovations corroborate a « transversal approach » as matrix of its agro-economical and socials specificities. If a plurality of expressions, including regenerated alternatives, continues to nurture the organic farming field, yet it is stirred by powers outside its. Properties likely to increasingly reduce the distinctive position it stands for in the agricultural economy. Everything indicates that the loss of its apparent protest force disables its autonomy but broaden its future within the market economy and modem societies
Vankeerberghen, Audrey. "Etre agriculteur bio: engagements individuels, engagements collectifs." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209890.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Galarneau, Vincent. "Les jardiniers de la conscience : socialiser l'environnement, habiter la ferme et incorporer le vivant en agriculture biodynamique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28321/28321.pdf.
Full textLamine, Claire. "La construction des pratiques alimentaires face à des incertitudes multiformes, entre délégation et modulation : le cas des mangeurs bio intermittents." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0049.
Full textThis work is centered on those organic consumers whose choice is irregular and partial. Their case allows us to look at the variability of contemporary food practices, in a context where concerns for food safety and uncertainty also due to the abundance of products and dietetical injunctions, make the choices more difficult. Avoiding to consider "a priori" the eater as worried, or even anxious, I describe when he gets worried, what happens then in the interaction with food, and how the problem is resolved. This pragmatic perspective complements a study of the arguments and the evolution of choices with time through food biographies and interviews. Unlike the 'purists' who delegate their choice to the organic label, the 'intermittents' resort both to partial delegation to the organic and to a principle of modulation open to other alternatives. In some specific systems of production and distribution, delegation gives way to implication, which modifies to some extent the relation between production and consumption, and creates local forms of political consumerism
Cazals, Clarisse. "Analyse conventionnaliste des démarches environnementales volontaires : l'exemple de la viticulture et de l'arboriculture fruitière." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40034.
Full textVoluntary Environmental Approaches (VEA) are considered as all the firm free contracts aiming at improving their environmental performance, beyond legal requirements, in the limits of a formal or informal system. The dynamics of their expansion and their diversity leads to open an economical and ecological work in order to analyse them, selecting the acceptibility criteria, rather than the ecological one. We present an analysis of the various conditions of VEA emergence and durability in the agricultural sector, especially in wine growing and fruit arboriculture. As a matter of fact, these two sectors are concerned by the non-point source pollution due to chemical products. In order to cope with this major environmental issue, the actors have chosen two VEA models : organic farming and integrated farming. Starting from the economics of conventions theoretical foundations, we build an analysis that fits with the environmental problem, articulating possible worlds of environmental protecting production and environmental conventions. It allows us to focus on the distinction between the two VEA types in both processes
Anzalone, Guilhem. "Les économies politiques de l’agriculture biologique : production et commercialisation de la viande bovine biologique en France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0027.
Full textThough recently developed and limited in scope, the French organic farming sector is highly diversified. The reason is that organic farming refers to farming practices but also to an ideological movement. Producing and commercializing organic products in such situation constitutes a relevant topic for economic sociology: how is the organic farming ideological project embedded in the commercialization process? The analysis is based on a fieldwork conducted with the economic sector’s actors in western and south-western France: breeders, farmers groups, manufacturing plants, distributors, professional associations and unions. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the gathering of written sources. To analyze how organic meat circulates, I take into account the definition of the product, the form of the economic transaction and more widely the social roles played by actors involved in the circulation of the product. Drawing on the notions of “circuits of commerce” (V. Zelizer) and that of “moral economy” (E. P. Thompson), I show that the combination of these three criteria shapes different economic organization models – which I call political economies. I identify two of them: a standardization political economy and a producer political economy. The former is based on the concentration of volumes of production and its dispatching to diversified markets while the latter is characterized by the central breeders’ role
Langlais, Alexandra. "Quel statut juridique pour les dechets agricoles ?" Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT4012.
Full textRioux, Laurie-Eve. "Caractérisation structurale et évaluation de l'activité biologique de polysaccharides extraits de saccharina longicruris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27273/27273.pdf.
Full textGiraud, Christophe. "Chambres d'hôtes à la ferme et autonomie de la femme en agriculture." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H046.
Full textThe transformations undergone by gender relations in France since the sixties have also had an impact on the farming world. The quest of women for a social and professional identity, independent from their husband's, modifies farming practices. The emergence of the Bed and Breakfast activity is analysed in terms of this quest for autonomy and individualisation. The present enquiry is principally based on forty interviews carried out in the Charente-Maritime region with both men and women who have or have had a board and lodging activity. This enables us to map out two contrasting situations. When the husband takes on the tourist activity it becomes an additional source of income for the farm and accentuates the sexual division of labour. The accommodation activity is then integrated into the farming activity and the women's contribution rmains largely invisible. . .
Gruyer, Nicolas. "Traitement biologique des effluents de serre par des marais filtrants artificiels et des bioréacteurs passifs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28986/28986.pdf.
Full textBonnardel, Claudine. "Etude sociologique, médicale et biologique des phénomènes d'alcoolisation et de vie à la rue." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P263.
Full textRoquebert, Claire-Isabelle. "La critique écologique radicale dans le contexte de l’entreprise : l'ambivalence des démarches de RSE dans les entreprises en Biodynamie." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2046/document.
Full textSince the end of the twentieth century, ecological claims have challenged the legitimacy of capitalism and led companies to justify and transform themselves. In particular, ecological criticism of capitalism lead to the rise of CSR in companies (Chiapello, 2013). In a constructivist approach to CSR, we question the scope of ecological criticism for organizational evolution. We aim at explaining how actors of a radical ecological criticism try to transform companies, threw the analysis of the ontological basis of this criticism, and the manner ecological claims are defended in an organizational context. This research is based on the framework of the Economies of worth (Boltanski & Thévenot, 1991), in order to take into account the multiplicity of social actor positions and their ability to argue and influence the evolution of companies. In particular, we analyze the emergence of an ecological argumentation and we question its radical character (Lafaye & Thévenot, 1993). This interpretative qualitative research is based on the study of two growing SMEs involved in Biodynamics. Through this multiple case study, we analyze the confrontation between the development of a functionalist organizational model and attempts to defend an ecological organizational model and CSR ambivalence in this tension. This research confirms and clarifies the ontological upheaval brought about by ecological argumentation (Lafaye & Thévenot, 1993). Then we specify what this upheaval implies for CSR and for the evolution of companies
Besson, Yvan. "Histoire de l'agriculture biologique : une introduction aux fondateurs, Sir Albert Howard, Rudolf Steiner, le couple Müller et Hans Peter Rusch, Masanobu Fukuoka." Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0003.
Full textOrganic farming originates from a social and agronomical criticism of industrialism and capitalism which tend towards the complete disappearance of farming, and of agricultural chemistry which exploits land without properly maintaining its fertility. In general, organic farming emerged from a romantic political contestation of modernity in all its complexity. Nostalgia for country life, a search fro harmony between farming and nature, a tendency towards biological mysticism, refusal of disillusion with the world, oriental influences, criticism of expansion of thirst for profit, all are recurrent themes, more or less underlined by the founders Howard, Müller, Rusch and Fukuoka. According to Steiner, organic farming plunges its roots in occultism. An epistemological and philosophical clarification on these various cultural issues became necessary. From an agronomical point of view, the criticism concerns themes of agricultural chemistry’s neglect for soil quality, importance of humus in the preservation of soil fertility and nutritional quality of agricultural produce. Apart from an economy based on farming, the alternatives proposed are marketing by producers and a return to organic fertilization techniques using compost and green manures. In addition, the idea of using nature as a model invites a comparison of farming with forestry, which today is compounded by agroforestry methods incorporating Ramial Chipped Wood
Dossa, Derli. "Adoption des techniques agricoles et décision des agriculteurs : le cas de producteurs de soja au Parana (Brésil)." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE010.
Full textThe object of this work is to analyze the offer and the adoption of technologies by soya producers in Brazil. During a survey carried out with 370 soya producers in panama in 1987 88, an important difference was noted between the technical proposals resulting from the Embrapa CNPSoya research and their adoption by farmers. Theoretically, there was no reason for the producers not to use the technical innovations that would enable their production systems to be improved. Technical choices : how and why became the basic questions of the work. In order to analyse this problem, we used the theoretical framework and methodology mainly developed by the INRA-SAD-Dijon research workers : the theory of the adaptative behaviour of the producers in a systematic and pluridisciplinary process, case studies, research-development (action), basic implements such as typologies, production operational costs and linear programming. The conclusion of this work is that to understand the use of new technologies in production systems, a multidisciplinary and systematic work must be carried out in order to study the habits and to be aware of the producer's circumstances and projects
Halpern, Monda M. "But on the farm-- feminism means something else, Ontario farm women and feminism, 1900-1970." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22463.pdf.
Full textMarshall, Anaïs. "S'approprier le désert : agriculture mondialisée et dynamiques socio-environnementales sur le piémont côtier du Pérou : le cas des oasis de Virú et d'Ica-Villacuri." Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568044.
Full textMuluma, Munanga Gamayala Tizi Albert. "Politique agricole et développement rural: analyse sociologique du développemnt de quelques expériences agricoles au Zaïre :cas des institutions de recherches et formation agronomiques :INERA, IFA, ISEA et ISDR." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213499.
Full textFavreau, Jean-Luc. "Durabilité des exploitations en agriculture biologique : une analyse de la diversité des situations et des trajectoires d'évolution en Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058072.
Full textMokili, Danga Kassa Jeannot. "Analyse socio-économique du développement agricole et ses incidences sur la promotion des milieux ruraux dans les pays en voie de développement: le cas du Congo-Zaïre de 1885 à 1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212332.
Full textHochedez, Camille. "Réseaux d'agriculteurs biologiques et développement durable dans la région métropolitaine de Stockholm. Géographies d'un malentendu." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789360.
Full textMontes, Lihn Jaime Andres. "Apprentissage inter-organisationnel au sein des réseaux interindividuels : le cas de la conversion de viticulteurs à l'agriculture biologique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090052.
Full textThis PhD dissertation combines the approaches of economic sociology and sociology of knowledge in order to analyze the social mechanisms underlying the conversion into organic farming. Based on an empirical study and analysis of a complete social network describing the interdependencies among over 60 wine producers certified in organic farming or in the process of getting the official certification in French Côte de Beaune, this research analyzes the collective learning process on which this transition relies. The thesis proves the existence of two types of learning process, which are defined by the social borders of reference groups (or social niches); it analyzes the key role of pioneers of the social milieu in both learning processes and studies the regularities structuring social exchanges. These regularities allow us to confirm that wine producers take into account in their reasoning both the identity aspect related to their conversion to organic farming and their economic position, in a trend towards “coopetition”
Magrou, Marthe. "Technique et nature cultivée : entre symbolisme et pratiques agraires : approche anthropo-sociologique des épouvantails dans les champs : études en nord Nouvelle-Aquitaine." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20022/document.
Full textToday's farmers are « ultra-modern » gear and machine users. But in their fields, which are at the heart of what makes the economic strength of France (the second biggest cereal exporter in the world), they still use traditional scarecrows. This is the study of what seemed like a set of paradoxes in terms of appearance and symbolism. Purposefully distancing itself from the usual explanations about the agricultural social, and basing itself on a body of previous anthropological works, this study is about practices, their social origins and their consequences. The result is a set of analysis and findings allowing a reinterpretation of agricultural realities. Looking at it this way, the french agriculture appears flourishing, ingenious, inventive, reactive and adaptable. Which is rarely said about it. But it also seems to manage it at the cost of an ancient and powerful social mechanics: the disqualification and the elimination of what maid the ancestral peasantry. Thus we end up encountering what seems like a systemic cause of the “suicides” of struggling farmers. Indeed, one of the specificities of their activity is that by shutting down, they make available agricultural lands that others need to thrive
Aguirre, Benitez Adan. "L'economie paysanne, le capitalisme et les mouvements sociaux dans l'etat de guerrero ( mexique ) : 1960-1985." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030057.
Full textThe impoverishment and the marginalisation of mexicans peasants. Specially in guerrero state, is the logical result of economical transfers from the peasant's economy to the capitalist sector throug the solds of workman's strength and unegual exchange betwen "minifundistas" and the commercial and industrial burgesses. The peasant's organisations and struggles, as social class and allied to the others socials sectors, express the protests and the alternatives either for a best functioning of the society or for its structural transformation. The consequence of those strugles is the new presence of the peasant's class like a decisive factor in the economical and political process of mexico
Lille, Jean. "L'enseignement qu'on appelle agricole et l'évolution des espaces sociaux à travers l'exemple de la Basse-Normandie." Caen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CAEN1071.
Full textThe technical agricultural teaching performs a wider and more diversified function than itsvisible objective let it suppose. This function is in keeping with the peasant society disappearance process and questions the basis on wich the professional agricultural teaching identity has beenbuilt. The thesis shows, supporting by example of the basse-normandie's region, how the social function's modifications of the agricultural teaching go with the changes of agriculture and rural set, and contribute to their integration in the society
Covas, António. "Les enjeux socio-politiques de l'intégration agricole du Portugal dans le système communautaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213426.
Full textLa, Fuente Hernandez Juan de. "Réaménagement social dans la campagne mexicaine à l'aube du nouveau siècle : la comercializadora agropecuaria de occidente (Comagro)." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20041.
Full textThe general subject of this thesis is the social recomposition of the mexican rural environement in the last decade of the twentieth century. The theme tackled here is more specifically the emergence and the reconfiguration of social actors through the case of the Comercializadora Agropecuaria de Occidente : Comagro. The collective action is the focus of this study. The relevance of the research is the construction of an interpretation of the collective action which involves two types of interactions : the ones taking place between the organisation and the environment, and the ones of governing which in the Comagro case was based on the assumption of decision being made consensually. This study will more particulary explore consensus as a form of governing in the farmers' organisation
Lévesque, Vicky. "Potentiel des marais filtrants à traiter les effluents de serre issus d'une culture de tomate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28453/28453.pdf.
Full textDubé, Lucie. "La transformation récente des modes de vie des populations montagnardes au Laos : le cas de la province de Luang Namtha." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26964/26964.pdf.
Full textPlanchais, Gaël. "Stratégie et performance des agriculteurs dans un enjeu d'agriculture durable." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418659.
Full textAujourd'hui, avec l'alternative du développement durable, la réflexion autour des problématiques liées à l'environnement sont omniprésentes et interpellent l'agriculture sur les questions relatives à l'eau, l'air, le sol, la biodiversité.
Cette recherche, qui est basée sur plusieurs théories, reste essentiellement centrée sur la théorie des parties prenantes, qui invite tous les acteurs (agriculteurs, consommateurs, Etat, collectivités locales...) à participer à cette évolution vers une agriculture multifonctionnelle et durable.
L'interrogation fondamentale est : l'agriculture durable est-elle aussi voire plus performante que l'agriculture conventionnelle ?
La recherche s'est appuyée sur des agriculteurs qui ont choisi de mettre en place des mesures en faveur de l'environnement dans un contrat territorial d'exploitation (entre 2000 et 2002). L'engagement, pour cinq ans, est un exemple concret d'agriculture durable. Il a servi de support pour cette thèse pour analyser la stratégie des agriculteurs dans cet enjeu d'agriculture durable, d'autant plus que ce contrat était une innovation en la matière.
La méthodologie consiste, à partir d'un questionnaire, a étudier les motivations qui ont conduit les agriculteurs à signer un contrat. En parallèle, une base de données sur les informations économiques et financières de ces exploitations, a été exploitée.
Muramatsu, Kenjiro. "Usage de l'agriculture dans le social : dispositifs, pratiques et formes d'engagement." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH3529.
Full textThis thesis deals with the ethnographical and sociological analyses of the modes of use of agriculture “in the social sphere”. Two Japanese and Belgian municipal actions are treated in parallel: The Centre for the Creation of Agri-rural Life (Nô-Life Sôsei Center in Japanese) launched in 2004 in Toyota City, which aims at the reinvigoration of fallow land and the promotion of the ikigai (“Life worth living”) for an aging population of permanent residents. In Belgium, the Work Training Initiative at Ferme Delsamme (Entreprise de Formation par le Travail Ferme Delsamme in French) launched in 2002 in La Louvière City, which aims at the socio-professional integration of at-risk adults through organic agriculture. Based on the analysis of forms of engagement of operators and users in their relationships of interaction and their efforts at adjustment, this thesis proposes the idea of “ethical” regimes of action that consist of a minimum number of principles for reflection and practice available to be used by actors. This thesis identified in particular the importance of two characteristic forms of these regimes: compassion (taking an infinite responsibility to address individuals in distress) amongst operators; social autonomy (the balance between individual autonomy and relational dependency based on the recognition of vulnerability and fragility) amongst users. Agricultural activity is defined here as the intermediate space supporting the combination and the performance of these regimes that are not very visible and formalized, and difficult to objectify and justify
Barboza, Solís Cristina. "Incorporation biologique de l'adversité sociale précoce : le rôle de la charge allostatique dans une perspective biographique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30106/document.
Full textIntroduction. The notion of embodiment proposes that every human being is both a social and a biological organism that incorporates the world in which (s)he lives. It has been hypothesized that early life socioeconomic position (SEP) can be biologically embedded, potentially leading to the production of health inequalities across population groups. Allostatic load (AL) is a concept that intends to capture the overall physiological wear-and-tear of the body triggered by the repeated activation of compensatory physiological mechanisms as a response to chronic stress. AL could allow a better understanding of the potential biological pathways playing a role in the construction of the social gradient in adult health. Objective. To explore the biological embedding hypothesis, we examined the mediating pathways between early SEP and early adverse psychosocial experiences and higher AL at 44 years. We also confronted an AL index with a latent multidimensional and integrative measure of health status at 50y. Methods. Data are from the 1958 British birth cohort (n=18 000) follow-up to age 50. AL was operationalized using data from the biomedical survey collected at age 44 on 14 parameters representing the neuroendocrine, metabolic, immune-inflammatory and cardiovascular systems. Results. Overall, our results suggest that AL could be a suitable index to partially capture the biological dimensions of embodiment processes. Discussion. Understanding how human environments affect our health by 'getting under the skin' and penetrating the cells, organs and physiological systems of our bodies is a key tenet in public health research. Promoting the collection of biological markers in large representative and prospective studies is crucial to continue to investigate on this topic. Replication studies could be part of the future research perspectives, to compare with other cultural context and to observe if an AL index can be 'universal'
Riera, Fabien. "Trois classes de facteurs qui influencent le cours de la domestication des espèces marines. Une étude de cas : l'halioticulture biologique en France." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0138/document.
Full textAbalone aquaculture (Haliotis spp.) or halioticulture provides a good case study of the technical, social and environmental challenges of introducing newly domesticated marine organisms into the market. Abalone farming began in Japan in the 1960s and, according to FAO (2012), is now one of the most dynamic aquaculture industries in the world. Yet all attempts have not met with the same success. This essay aims to understand the factors that have allowed or hindered the environmental, social and technical success of halioticulture, with an emphasis on France.More specifically, we examine three main categories of factors that may explain its evolution:- The importance of socio-ecological factors in the management of abalone resource.- Socio-cultural factors that support the status of the abalone as an eligible resource for aquaculture.- The role of science in the industrialization of abalone farming
Leblond, Jessy. "Contribution socio-économique des petites fromageries québecoises à leur milieu : le cas des petites fromageries en Chaudière-Appalaches." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27524/27524.pdf.
Full textDeschênes, Sarah-Maude. "Identification des déterminants psycho-sociaux sous-jacents à l'intention des diététistes d'adopter des comportements reliés à la prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28643/28643.pdf.
Full textShared decision-making is a decision-making process in which the main characteristics include presenting the treatment options to patients and clarifying the values and priorities of the patient regarding the treatment options. These two elements represent two fundamental aspects of shared decision making: evidence-based practice, by the action of presenting the options, and patient-centered care, by the action of clarifying values and priorities. The scientific literature shows that health professionals are struggling to integrate the key elements of shared decision making in their practice. Among dietitians, no study has been conducted until now to learn more about their intention to adopt these behaviours related to clinical shared decision making. The overall aim of this master’s project was to identify the psychosocial determinants underlying dietitians’ intention to adopt shared decision making related behaviours. To achieve this, a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour was developed. This theory was chosen because it has been shown to effectively identify the predictors of health professional’s behaviours. Moral norms and professional norms were also added to the theoretical model for our study, given their potential to explain the variance of the intention with regard to the behaviours under study. The results of the questionnaire’s validation showed that the questionnaire was valid, reliable and understandable. The survey identified that the perception of behavioural control, subjective norms, attitude, moral norms and the professional norms were the psychosocial determinants underlying the intention of the behaviours under study. This project contributes to a greater understanding of the elements that could guide the future implementation of shared decision making in clinical nutrition.
Llorca, Loureiro Iria. "La cocina en la Comunidad Campesina de Vicos de los Andes peruanos : entre la "tradición" local y la globalización mundial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25631.
Full textDesde tiempos prehispánicos, los campesinos de la Comunidad de Vicos en los Andes peruanos han ido desarrollando prácticas y hábitos alimenticios con los cuales se han sentido identificados. A lo largo de la historia, la cocina local ha sido el resultado de la incorporación y el abandono de insumos, técnicas, utensilios, saberes y comportamientos, pero sin embargo, en las últimas décadas el desarrollo de un nuevo sistema planetario, el llamado globalización, está causando nuevos impactos en las prácticas alimenticias. Siendo Vicos una población rural y agrícola, vinculada directamente a los ciclos de la naturaleza y a las creencias locales, nuestro interés reside en investigar cómo la cocina local de este lugar puede ser influencida en el presente, por las tendencias de la globalización y por las “tradiciones” heredadas de sus antepasados.
Seidl, Renata Aparecida. "A agricultura ecologica sob o angulo da qualidade de vida dos agricultores : abordagem comparativa entre duas regiões metropolitanas na França e no Brasil." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100103.
Full textAfter the Green revolution, which began in the years 1960, agriculture took new directions thanks to the introduction of technologies and modern practices (genetic modification of seeds, intensive use of manures, and mechanization of the farms) which made it possible to intensify the production and raise the agricultural productivity. This model of production was formed within the conventional agriculture. However, after less than one century of development, this model of agriculture generated a number of concerns as well for its environmental impact and as well on public health. As an alternative to the conventional agriculture, the ecological agriculture - with its various denominations (Organic, Agro-ecological, Biological, inter alia) - has created its own marks in terms of production and marketing in local and global agro- alimentary systems. Its development was maintained thanks to growing demand and investment of large agro- alimentary companies and family farmers who converted their surfaces to an ecological mode of production. In this context, the inclusion and the adhesion of the small farmers to this type of agriculture is the main framework of this research. The thesis proposes therefore to carry out a reflection around the social sustainability of the farmers with this main question: “Is ecological agriculture a sustainable solution for all?” - which emerges within a social perspective through the analysis of quality of life of Brazilian family farmers and the French peasants, actives within market-gardening inside metropolitan regions of Belo Horizonte (Brazil) and the Metropolitan region of the Ile-de-France (France). This questioning cross the idea of “sustainability”, understood not only like safeguarding of the environment and the ecosystems, but also as taking into account the "social factory" and the living conditions of the individuals, in this case, of the farmers. Thus, the question of the quality of life (QOL) of the farmers – where self-esteem and the job satisfaction are intrinsically related to the social relations and the organization of the space of which they form part – is analysed. The results show inter alia, that the permanence of the production units depends on the conditions given to its owner, taking account of possibilities of developing a salubrious work (without health risk), prosper (with a sufficient financial return) and pleasant (as a source of satisfaction and social recognition). Our work reaffirms thus that ecological agriculture is in fact sustainable for all when the variables of the QOL of the farmers are potentiated and incorporated in the local agricultural development. In addition it's observed that the relation between the values of the QOL and the regional contexts reflects as well in the capacities of the farmers to carry their work as in their feelings of pleasure and self-confidence, i.e. of personal and professional wellbeing. The specificities around the questions of food security in the Brazilian context direct the future research towards arrangements of management strategies used in France and liable to be adapted to the reality of the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region
Após a Revolução Verde, iniciada na década de 1960, a agricultura tomou novos rumos graças à introdução de tecnologias e práticas agrícolas modernas (modificação genética de sementes, uso intensivo de insumos industriais, mecanização e redução de custo de manejo) que permitiram intensificar a produção e a produtividade agrícola. Esse modelo de produção conformou-se na agricultura convencional. No entanto, a menos de meio século de seu desenvolvimento, este tipo de agricultura tem causado preocupações sobre o seu impacto no meio ambiente e na saúde da população. Como uma proposta alternativa à agricultura convencional, a agricultura ecológica, sob diversos nomes (Orgânica, Agroecológica, Biologique, dentre outras) tem-se destacado no âmbito dos sistemas agroalimentares locais e globais, tanto em termos de produção quanto de área e comercialização. Seu desenvolvimento tem se sustentado por um mercado de investimentos econômicos, representado por grandes empresas agroalimentares e por pequenos agricultores, que converteram suas áreas para uma maneira ecológica de produção. Diante desse contexto, a inclusão ou adesão dos pequenos agricultores a esse tipo de agricultura motiva uma investigação na esfera social. Assim, a proposta dessa tese é trazer uma reflexão acerca da sustentabilidade social dos agricultores, cuja questão: “A agricultura ecológica é uma solução sustentável para todos?” surge com uma perspectiva social sobre as condições de vida e de trabalho do agricultor familiar brasileiro, e do paysan francês, investidos na prática da horticultura ecológica. Este questionamento recai sobre a ideia de “sustentabilidade”, compreendida não somente no aspecto da preservação do meio ambiente e dos ecossistemas, mas também quanto ao tecido social e à qualidade de vida (QV) dos indivíduos, nesse caso, os agricultores. Desta forma, discute-se a QV dos agricultores, cujas autoestima e satisfação profissional encontram-se intrínsecas às relações sociais e às organizações do espaço ao qual eles se inserem. Os limites espaciais da pesquisa englobam duas regiões metropolitanas, a saber: 1) Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte – Brasil e; 2) Região Metropolitana de Île-de-France – França
Cucchi, T. "Le commensalisme de la souris et les sociétés néolithiques méditerranéennes." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363186.
Full textLa quantification de la variabilité actuelle des morphologies dentaires (analyses de Fourier) du genre Mus en Méditerranée a montré qu'il est possible de discriminer les espèces et sous-espèces du genre à partir du matériel fossile et qu'elle pouvait être un marqueur des flux géniques.
L'application archéozoologique nous a permis d'identifier l'émergence des pratiques de l'économie agricole néolithique (stockage des grains, champs cultivés...) au Proche-Orient comme le facteur déterminant dans l'adaptation de la souris à la niche commensale.
Enfin, nous avons montré que la souris domestique colonisa la Méditerranée occidentale lors de l'intensification conjointe des échanges et de l'urbanisation du premier millénaire av. J.-C., lui permettant de surmonter les barrières écologiques et génétiques qui, auparavant, empêchaient son invasion.
Gasson, André. "Le développement agricole durable : fondements théoriques et éclairage bas-normand." Caen, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03138629.
Full textRacaud, Sylvain. "Les montagnes Uporoto entre ville et campagne, géographie de flux et integration territoriale en Tanzanie." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967439.
Full textCardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
Full textIn spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Legorreta, Díaz María del Carmen. "Organisation et changement dans les haciendas et communautés agraires de Los valles y cañadas d'Ocosingo, Chiapas, de 1930 à 1994." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20040.
Full textThis thesis asks a central question: how was the regional organization and which changes have taken place in haciendas and communities of Los Valles and Cañadas of Ocosingo, Chiapas, between 1930 and 1994? From the interaction established between tzeltales Indians and members of the oligarchy who lived there, we notice two historic processes. The first one was the preservation of a shape of seigniorial organization during most of the XX th century. The second was the structural change of this organization going towards a modern society. This last one was an extremely difficult process which lasted more than 50 years. Our interpretation of analyzed period rests on the idea that both the processes of organization and those of the change depend on relations of power. In this prospect we notice that the element responsible for the management of the structural change was the gradual modifications of the political asymmetry enter Indian and the members of the oligarchy
Tiet, Tuyen Tong. "Individual incentive and pro-environmental behaviors : the role of networks." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAB013.
Full textThe fundamental issue faced by both economist and environmentalist scholars is how to adequately promote individual pro-environmental behaviors (i.e., motivating people to either protect their local surrounding environment or fight against global climate change). In this sense, a variety of theoretical and empirical studies has been developed to explain how monetary (e.g., tax, subsidy, etc.) as well as social incentives (e.g., social influence, norms, etc.) could help to motivate individuals to behave toward environmental sustainability. In a today world of social relationship, everyone is linked to a social network (e.g., a network of family, friends, relatives, neighbors, co-workers, etc.). Since individuals are linked to each other, peer influence could be used to motivate individuals to perform a target behavior (Thaler, 2008). It is therefore crucial to understand how social incentives (e.g., social norms, social comparison, nudges, etc.) and network structure could help to promote and sustain individuals' pro-environmental behaviors. In this perceptive, this dissertation contributes to the analysis of the role of network and its impact on pro-environmental behaviors in a theoretical and experimental way. [...]
Gubert, Flore. "Migration et gestion collective des risques : l’exemple de la région de Kayes (Mali)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF10219.
Full textKabore, Wendpanga Rodrigue. "Usages agricoles des terminaux mobiles au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30064/document.
Full textThe growth of mobile telephony in Africa has surpassed the most optimistic forecasts of the operators. Nowadays the interest and the usefulness of the telephone are clearly demonstrated by the practices and this for all the users whatever the social or geographical level. It is highly adapted in several fields, such as trade, health, education, livestock and agriculture, and is not used in the same way in different environments such as rural, peri-urban or urban areas: emerging and developing countries. Some use applications, others just for calls, so the tool is not the same everywhere. Agriculture is one of the activities practiced by more than 80% of the working population in Burkina, with commercial producers in urban and peri-urban areas practicing market gardening and rural people who are more focused on seasonal and fruit production. In order to increase its agricultural production, mirroring the great powers, Burkina Faso is still on a roll of appropriation of mobile technologies in agricultural production. Despite the influence of technical factors (the digital divide), political, social (illiteracy, poverty) and cultural, the use of the mobile phone has developed so quickly, and this because it does not is more the prerogative of the only haves. Its appropriation by small artisans, traders in the economy sector and farmers has gained momentum because they have understood the value of the subscription system by prepaid or postpaid cards at very affordable costs, to the multiple facilities also that offers the mobile phone. The use of the mobile phone remains particular because it is more adopted by the low-income population to reduce their expenses, so save money. In the sense of always contributing to the expansion of the adoption of information and communication technologies (including the mobile phone) efforts are being made by private and public, national and international institutions to promote their access and their usage
Tankam, Chloé. "Analyse économique du développement des nouveaux marchés biologiques : le cas des marchés biologiques domestiques au Kenya." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10480.
Full textOver the past two decades the organic agro-food system has been transformed, extending beyond Northern countries and expanding in many so-called developing countries.This dynamic was first a positioning on high added value products’ export markets. Since several years, domestic markets have emerged in a growing number of developing countries, including Kenya. This thesis attempts to shed light on the dynamics explaining these new markets’ emergence and development. The research is based on four questions. The first one concerns the way organic transactions have been organized in Nairobi. Based on neo institutional economics, we explain how, in the absence of credible certification systems, these products are able to be sold with premium. The second question deals with the conditions of producers’ access to these markets. It is common to highlight that organic domestic Kenyan markets are more profitable than conventional ones. However, some producers, who could actually sell in these markets, prefer conventionalones. Thanks to the concept of transaction costs, we show the role of negotiation and monitoring transaction costs. Chapter 3 analyses the effects of selling on organic market on crops’ diversification, as a proxy of economic and environmental sustainability .Based on microeconomics’ contributions our results confirm the positive effect of organic markets. Finally, our fourth and final chapter provides an analysis of the conditions of these markets sustainability. We propose an analysis grid combining economy of information and quality construction approach, based on Hirschman (1970) works.This grid helps us comparing different certification and verification schemes existing in Kenya. Analysis shows that the least effective scheme is the one that is bound to grow,raising the question of the sustainability of Kenyan domestic organic markets
Chiffoleau, Yuna. "Réseaux et pratiques de l'innovation en milieu coopératif." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H074.
Full textAltukhova, Yulia. "Comptabilité agricole et développement durable : étude comparative de la Russie et de la France." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871838.
Full textValette, Armance. "Le rôle des pesticides dans le choix de la conversion bio chez les agriculteurs. Etude de la dynamique de changement des représentations et des pratiques." Thesis, Nîmes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NIME0002/document.
Full textThese works question the relation between social representations and practices in order to propose an alternative to purely representational or praxiological determinism. The empirical studies conducted led us to posit a circular relationship, a reciprocal influence between representations and practices. The first part of this work was conducted within the “Psychopest” research program, whose aim was to study the social representations of pesticides among farmers and trainee farmers in three French territories: Britanny, Martinique and the South-East. In an applied perspective, the aim was to work towards reducing pesticide use. Through the results, we observed the influence and importance of agricultural territory: social representations of pesticides were different depending on geo-cultural and environmental specificities. Unilateral national directives hence hold little meaning for reducing pesticide use. To continue this work, we met farmers who were in the process of changing their farming practices. The objective was to focus on links between social representations and practices, as well as to study, from an applied point of view, the motivations to convert to organic farming and thus make recommendations for reducing phytosanitary product use. This second field study focused on three hypotheses regarding the circular relationship between representations and practices, by simultaneously studying three representations (pesticides, farming and risk) in two distinct groups (conventional farmers and converting farmers); it also enabled us to study the relation between several representations. Compared to conventional farmers, the social representations among converting farmers have changed. Moreover, we observed more overlap between the representations of pesticides, farming and risk among these farmers. Contrariwise, the social representations among conventional farmers presented the least connections and thus appeared more independent from one another. The social representations and practices of converting farmers have evolved and their representational “set” (pesticides, farming and risk) hold connections that should be further studied. Both groups of farmers (conventional or conversion) differed on all measures. Indeed, converting farmers were more anxious about pesticides, more involved in trying to reduce their use, and less attached to farmers in general. Hence, these results support the circular relationship between practices and representations suggested in this work
Illou, Mahamadou. "Impacts des variations de la crue sur les communautés rurales du delta intérieur du bassin versant du fleuve Niger." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0005.
Full textThe present study is carried out within a context of the low level of water in the interior delta Niger River. The water shortage is first noticed by eminent readers and observed by the local population itself. The main activities are agriculture, breeding and fishing which provide the needs of thousands of people in the area depend on the evolution of water. Once there is water shortage, we do observe the lost of cultural areas, variations in the level of water and that of inundation which influence the agricultural calendar. Definitely the phenomenon has implications on fishing and breeding giving the fact that there is a link between inundation and other activities. The consequences of the water shortage on agriculture are more visible on the outcome and the areas watered and more importantly on the fertile soil but also on the soils productivity. With regard to breeding, the impacts manifest themselves in the reduction of breeding areas, the herd and on social changes. On the other hand, in the fishing sector we do notice the decrease in fishing and the types of fishes. All these influence negatively on the socio economic life style of the local populations as well as significant decrease in its ability to sustain itself. Equally, the populations is getting use to a new life style by initiating several responses among which the revert to other activities, the practice of complementary activities, the improvement in agricultural practices. But, the most developed strategy is that of migration which immediate consequence is the destruction of social fabric, a situation that may yield to inefficient strategies initiated by the populations in order to challenge the decrease of water. In spite of efforts made by the populations, NGOs and public authorities, a lot needs to be done. The perspectives are not much : on one hand, the building of dams in the Delta creates hope in view of the intensification of agricultural activities and hence in improving the productivity, on the other hand, the lost of inundable areas linked to the above project