Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture biologique – Québec (Province)'
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Richardson, Mary. "Polycultures of the mind : organic farmers in Québec and the recovery of agency." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25408/25408.pdf.
Full textGalarneau, Vincent. "Les jardiniers de la conscience : socialiser l'environnement, habiter la ferme et incorporer le vivant en agriculture biodynamique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28321/28321.pdf.
Full textSimard, Louis. "Distribution, abondance et écologie saisonnière des principaux insectes ravageurs du gazon sur les terrains de golf du Québec et évaluation du potentiel de contrôle des nématodes entomopathogènes indigènes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24118/24118.pdf.
Full textKhorchani, Rym. "Désherbage mécanique du chiendent dans une prairie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29775/29775.pdf.
Full textIt is well known that quackgrass is both very aggressive and persistent. It is considered as one of the most troublesome perennial grassy weeds as it rapidly spreads by creeping rhizomes. In organic farming, many attempts have been made to control this weed without success. Within the context of a sustainable agriculture, mechanical control of quackgrass represents an interesting alternative to chemical means. In this research study, the effectiveness of using a rotary cross-harrow, a C shaped mounted tine cultivator, and an S shaped tine cultivator alone or in combination to control quackgrass in grassland was investigated. Trials were carried out in 2009 on grassland using a Latin square experimental design. Three treatments were considered: (1) four passages using a C shaped mounted tine cultivator, (2) one passage using a rotary cross-harrow followed by three passages of a C shaped mounted tine cultivator, (3) use of the rotary cross-harrow followed by three passages of an S shaped trailed tine cultivator. Each treatment was replicated three times. The number of quackgrass shoots present in each experimental plot was determined before and after the treatments using a one square meter quadrat randomly located in the plot and replicated ten times. Also, the time required for each passage as well as the fuel consumption were computed for every treatment. Analysis of the data revealed that the three treatments were comparable in terms of quackgrass control. However, treatment no. 3 required less time and fuel.
Rochefort, Sophie. "Impact de différents types d'entretien de pelouses sur l'abondance et la diversité des arthropodes, et potentiel des graminées endophytiques dans la lutte aux insectes ravageurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23747/23747.pdf.
Full textTurfgrass lawns are important ecosystems in urban areas, but the ecology of cool-season lawns has not been extensively studied in Quebec. Turfgrass management may influence ecosystem stability and arthropod communities. The first objective of this thesis was to characterize arthropod communities associated with turfgrass in Québec, and more specifically Collembola and ground beetle assemblages. Second, the effect of different turfgrass management practices on arthropods was evaluated. In a three-year field study, arthropods were sampled in two turfgrass lawns: a newly established lawn and a 10-year old lawn. Four turfgrass management were tested: i-management without pest control (control), ii-management with chemical pesticides, iii-integrated pest management, and iv-ecological management. Another aspect of this thesis was the evaluation of the potential of endophytic turfgrasses for the control of the hairy chinch bug, an important insect pest in Québec. Overwinter survival of endophytes and their host plants was first tested in two ecologically different areas under natural conditions. Furthermore, the influence of different combinations of endophytic perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass on hairy chinch bug survival and development was determined under greenhouse conditions. The study indicates that the diversity of arthropods in general, and of Collembola and ground beetle in particular was similar for both lawns even if plant composition differed. After three years, no difference between the four turfgrass management practices was detected. However, short term effects following insecticide (diazinon and carbaryl) applications appeared for Collembola and ground beetles communities. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue have the capacity to overwinter under Québec winter conditions. The endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum found in tall fescue didn’t persist over time while the association N. lolii–perennial ryegrass remained stable after two winters. Greenhouse experiments revealed that endophytic perennial ryegrass ‘SR 4220’ did not negatively affect hairy chinch bug survival and development.
Thivierge, Marie-Noëlle. "Développement d'un ensemble d'indicateurs pour l'évaluation de la durabilité environnementale des fermes québécoises en grandes cultures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28215/28215.pdf.
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Bouchard, Audrey. "Rendement en biomasse, valeur nutritive et concentration en sucres du millet perlé sucré (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) en fonction de la dose de semis et de l'écartement entre les rangs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27422/27422.pdf.
Full textPelletier-Rousseau, Julie Andrée. "Production et qualité du sperme de faux-bourdon durant la saison de production des reines de l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.) au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30771/30771.pdf.
Full textHoneybee (Apis mellifera L.) reproduction is polyandrous: the queen obtains millions of sperm by mating with several drones outside the colony. Since queen fertility problems have been reported, it is important to investigate the variations that exist in drone semen production and quality. The main objective of this project was to assess the influence of breeding line, drone age and breeding timing in the season on semen production and quality. Results showed that drone age and breeding timing are the most influential factors. A better understanding of factors influencing drone rearing within a honeybee colony will ensure optimum honeybee queen mating by maximising the quality of males.
Hogue-Hugron, Sandrine. "La recolonisation spontanée des bancs d'emprunt et essais de restauration à l'aide de bryophytes et de lichens." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27411/27411.pdf.
Full textDesbiens, Pascal. "Évaluation des populations de carabidés (Coleoptera : carabidae) dans les haies brise-vent intégrant des arbustes porteurs de produits forestiers non ligneux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27152/27152.pdf.
Full textCourchesne, Geneviève. "Déterminants de la végétation des milieux humides aménagés pour la sauvagine dans le Québec méridional." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29005/29005.pdf.
Full textBachand, Marianne. "Résilience des sapinières aux surabondances des grands herbivores : le contrôle des densités permet-il le retour des composantes taxonomiques et fonctionnelles de l'écosystème?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30174/30174.pdf.
Full textWe combined specific and functional approaches of biodiversity to capture the impact of deer densities on communities of Anticosti Island. With the specific approach, 12 plants, 11 moths and one bird have been identified as indicator of 12 specific patterns of deer densities. The use of plant combinations in comparison with single plant species added indicators for 17 deer density patterns and increased our capacity to estimate deer density. Then, functional syndromes at high and reduced deer densities were identified through analysis of functional traits of communities. For example, plants at high densities (> 15cerfs/km²) had a vegetative reproduction and abiotic pollination and dispersal. They are traits involving few interactions with animals, which could affect the maintenance of biodiversity. In addition, after eight years of succession, reduction of deer density on Anticosti did not allow the return of species composition similar to the one found in a reference stand of balsam fir forest. However, communities at reduced deer densities had similar composition of functional traits to the reference. Finally, the indices of species diversity (e.g. Shannon) did not change according to deer density but the indices of functional diversity (e.g. Rao) did. For example, the variance of some traits, such as vegetative reproduction, was reduced at high deer density. Low variance of a trait can affect the resilience of ecosystems to new disturbances. These results provide a glimpse for the return of afunctional Balsam fir forest on Anticosti Island when deer densities are controlled.
Leblanc, Vincent. "Rendement en biomasse, en sucres et valeur nutritive du millet perlé sucré (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. BR.) en fonction de la fertilisation et des dates de récolte en vue de la production d'éthanol et de fourrage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27489/27489.pdf.
Full textVan, Sterthem Annie. "Influence des minis tunnels sur le développement et la productivité des fraisiers aphotopériodiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29704/29704.pdf.
Full textNault, Jacques. "Participatory extension strategies for the implementation of sustainable agriculture." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60538.
Full textThe stages of a "process of development model" are: General Systems Description, Convergence, Implementation, Exchange, and Monitoring and Evaluation. This model is proposed as a means to expand the potential of participatory extension strategies to facilitate the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The primary implications of the participatory extension approach for the future roles of agricultural extension workers are outlined.
Minville, Audrey-Kim. "Comparaison de cultures intercalaires pour la répression des adventices et la stabilité des agrégats du sol dans la vigne semi-rustique en implantation au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70315.
Full textNon-hardy grapevine varieties require winter protection in southern Quebec because temperature can drop to –35 °C and cause irreversible frost damage. Winter protection is provided either by geotextiles or hilling, the latter generating intensive soil disturbance twice a year. These constraints limit the adoption of intercrops because 1) their establishment and growth are concurrent with the crop, 2) hilling destroys intercrops every fall, and 3) the use of geotextiles allows the adoption of perennial intercrops but is more expensive. Although it can control weeds and mitigate soil erosion, intercropping in Quebec vineyards is limited. Moreover, grapevine response to intercropping is poorly documented under Quebec's continental climate. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted (2018-2020) to compare mechanical weeding to two grass mixture intercrops (annual vs perennial), during vineyard establishment. Variables tested included weed control and diversity, soil aggregate stability, vine growth, and grape yield. A weedy control was also included. Cultivation was more efficient at controlling weeds than both intercrops but decreased plant species richness and diversity in comparison to other treatments. Weed density did not decrease over time and weed cover was relatively high (> 50% at the end of the growing season) under intercrops. Nevertheless, weed shoot biomass was lower under intercrops than in the weedy control during the first two years. Cultivation was also detrimental to soil structure, it showed lower aggregate stability compared to vegetated treatments by the end of the season. None of the interrow management methods had an impact on vine yield fruit quality.
Waywell, Jennifer L. "Farm leases and agriculture on the Island of Montreal, 1780-1820." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59553.
Full textThe island of Montreal, already favoured by the geographic circumstances of climate, soil and location, was also a crucible for two profound changes which were occurring in Quebec society during this period--the beginning of a wave of English-speaking immigrants who would permanently alter the ethnic composition of the province's population, and the development of a significant urban market. In the 564 notarized farm leases passed in this forty-year period, half of the lessors were merchants and professionals, most of whom resided in the city and suburbs of Montreal. The farms of the urban bourgeoisie were on average larger and better-stocked than the farms of habitants, artisans and other proprietors. Most attempts at agricultural innovation and more intensive cultivation occurred on the farms of this elite, not on the lands owned by those with less capital resources: capital, not ethnicity, directed the approach taken to farming.
Forest, Jean-François. "The economics of conversion to organic agriculture : a rotational plan." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60655.
Full textTwo multi-period linear programming models were developed for that purpose, both models having different assumptions concerning effects that the transition might have on crop yield.
In both transitional models, two crop rotations were selected in the optimal solution. In addition, the establishment of crop rotations was comparable for both models, and this showed that the assumed drop in yield did not have a large impact on the selection of crop rotation. Also, the results support the notion that conversion to organic agriculture had a relatively less negative effect on farm profit if the transition was done gradually.
Aziz, Fahrurrozi. "Effects of mulchmini-tunnel and thermal-water tube combinations on daily carbon dioxide concentration and early growth of muskmelons." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35565.
Full textDuring the first 10--15 days after transplanting, muskmelons grown in the non-perforated tunnels had higher relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and dry weight than those of grown under perforated tunnels and in the control plots. However, during the later period, 11--16 days after transplanting to anthesis, the effects of mulch/mini-tunnels on the RGR, NAR and dry weight of muskmelons were inconsistent. Muskmelons grown in the mulch/tunnels had significantly higher RGR, but generally lower NAR, than those of grown without tunnel. The use of mulch/mini-tunnels significantly increased dry weight at anthesis in 1997, but not in 1998 and 1999. The presence of thermal-water tube in the tunnels and ventilating the non-perforated tunnels generally increased RGR, NAR, and dry weight of muskmelons. The use of mulch/mini-tunnels reduced time for muskmelon to reach anthesis by 9 to 11 days.
The leaves of muskmelons grown in mulch/mini-tunnels had significantly lower ratios of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) than control plants throughout the experiments, except at 10 and 20 days after transplanting in 1997. Leaves of muskmelons grown in non-perforated tunnels had significantly higher levels of chlorophyll than all other treatments during first 15 days after transplanting. However, chlorophyll values in these treatments decreased as muskmelons reached anthesis. The presence of a thermal-water tube in the mulch/mini-tunnels and ventilating the non-perforated tunnels generally increased both Fv/Fm ratios and chlorophyll levels of muskmelon leaves.
Straub, Matthew Otto Robert. "Product attributes and consumer willingness to pay for environmental management systems in agriculture : using the choice modeling technique." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82430.
Full textFava, Erica. "The effects of the level and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on red pepper production in Québec /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20819.
Full textDessureault, Darlene. "Evaluation of the risks and profitability for early planting dates and bolt reducing strategies for Quebec celery production." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82223.
Full textJenni, Sylvie. "Predicting yield and development of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) under mulch and rowcover management." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42061.
Full textCote, John Christopher. "The impact of predevernalization and plasticulture treatments on bolting of celery (Apium graveolens L.) grown in Quebec /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33742.
Full textGreen, Susan. "Facilitating the transition from conventional to sustainable farming systems on six farms in southern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60537.
Full textNdegue, Fongue Moïse Kouakou. "Efficience technique et efficience environnementale en agriculture." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28398/28398.pdf.
Full textCoulombe, Marie-Christine. "Grille d'évaluation de la valorisation des fourrages dans les fermes laitières québécoises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29008/29008.pdf.
Full textNormandin-Leclerc, Étienne. "La diversité taxonomique et des traits fonctionnels des abeilles sauvages dans deux villes canadiennes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27987.
Full textUrbanization is one of the most pervasive anthropogenic processes contributing to local habitat losses and extirpation of numerous species. Wild bees are the most widespread pollinators, but little information is known on how their communities are affected by urbanization and which kinds of urban green spaces are contributing to their conservation in cities. In this study we evaluated the taxonomic and the functional trait diversity of wild bees in two canadian cities and in three urban habitats. Our results demonstrated that cities can sustain a highly diverse community of wild bees, but also impact their community structure and dynamics by harbouring abundant and exotic species. Results on functional trait diversity showed that urban agriculture could contribute substantially to the provision of functionally diverse bee communities and possibly to urban pollination services.
Normand, Luc. "Recycling of agro-industrial food wastes into feed for Pekin duck meat production towards a sustainable agriculture in the Province of Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0004/MQ29759.pdf.
Full textDes, Roberts Marilou. "Produit ici, consommé ici : évaluation du potentiel productif et de l'adéquation entre production et consommation alimentaire pour les régions de Québec et Chaudière-Appalaches." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32528.
Full textBased mainly on industrial, specialized and increasingly concentrated agriculture, the food system of the industrialized countries is now highly criticized because of its negative externalities on the environment, land use and employment. In order to reconnect food and agriculture and to reduce the distances traveled by food, many initiatives seek to reduce the number of intermediaries in the food system and bring geographically closer production and consumption. In Canada, large cities have programs that promote local food. We developed a methodology and a model to answer these questions: Would we be able to meet all our needs through local production? If not, in which proportion? From available statistics, we evaluated the potential production of the regions under study (Capitale-Nationale and Chaudière-Appalaches) and then analyzed the adequacy between production and food consumption. Results show that the studied territory could produce up to 155% of the calories needed by its population, but livestock farming pulls the theoretical coverage of food needs down to 38%. The actual coverage rate of local needs by local products varies from less than 5% to more than 400%, depending on the food item. This percentage is unique to the region, but our model could be applied at different scales, and in any region. A field survey allowed us to seek the representation of agri-food stakeholders in the local food issue. All stakeholders are in favor of relocating food. On the other hand, they all believe that the price of local food is higher, which does not play in favor of local food. Key words: local food system, local food, food production capacity, food self-sufficiency, foodshed, calorie, Quebec.
Résumé en espagnol
Cantin, Stéfanie. "La coexploitation comme un mode d'établissement en agriculture." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26724/26724.pdf.
Full textGobeil, François. "Incidence des OGM dans les aliments du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26227/26227.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Lucie. "Les interventions à caractère participatif en sécurité alimentaire : relation entre les intentions et les actions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25135/25135.pdf.
Full textLaughrea, Sophie. "Émergence et viabilité des collectifs de producteurs en circuits de proximité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25391.
Full textWhile proximity supply chains (PSC) can be rewarding for producers, they are often difficult to access. Collective organizing is often considered as a solution to improve accessibility to PSC. The aim of this thesis is to identify some of the conditions allowing farmers’ organizations to help their members overcome the obstacles they encounter in accessing PSC in Quebec. A multiple case study was carried out through interviews with five farmers’ organizations across the province. A comparative analysis demonstrated that collective organizing can be a privileged path of access to PSC, particularly when it enables the pooling of resources and the consolidation of volumes. However, considerable challenges remain to ensure their sustainability: the lack of knowledge and experience of the collectives in relation to PSC, collective action and the integration of new craftsmanship (processing, distribution, etc.) seem to underlie several of the challenges faced by farmers’ organizations, both economically and socially. Keywords : short supply chain, proximity supply chain, commercialization, proximity, collective action, collective organization, farmers’ organization, cooperative, Quebec.
Rivotiana, Antsasoa. "De l'agriculture à temps partiel au ménage pluriactif : parcours d'établissement en agriculture par la pluriactivité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19941.
Full textIquira, Elmer. "Évaluation de la diversité génétique chez deux collections de soja à l'aide de marqueurs microsatellites." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25896/25896.pdf.
Full textCloutier, Kathleen. "Étude des perceptions des adultes québécois et des diététistes des aliments et de leur place dans une saine alimentation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29430/29430.pdf.
Full textRobert, François-Simon. "Propriétés des sols et de la biomasse aérienne sur une terre en friche récoltée avec un biobaler." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30751/30751.pdf.
Full textEnglish Title : Soil and native woody crop properties on an abandoned agricultural field harvested with a Biobaler. Natural woody crops overtake abandoned agricultural land. To bring back these areas into useful production, traditional methods include prescribed burning or on-site mulching. A recent technology, the Biobaler cuts and forms round bales of woody crops which can be moved for useful application. An agricultural field in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (Quebec, Canada), abandoned for 20 years, was monitored for crop identification and soil properties. Allometric models were developed for 11 native woody crops (average R² of 0.93). Soil pH averaged 5.0, total N, 0.32% and organic carbon, 4.0%. Sixty two bales were harvested, averaging 413 kg at 44% moisture. The harvested biomass, between 3.3 and 9.6 t of dry matter per hectare, represented 18 to 43% of above-ground biomass. Data will be useful in assessing Biobaler operation on fallow land.
Beaudoin, Denis. "Impact de la pluriactivité du ménage sur la situation financière en période d'établissement en agriculture." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28032/28032.pdf.
Full textBélanger, Valérie. "Construction d'un outil d’évaluation de la durabilité des fermes laitières québécoises : des indicateurs agroenvironnementaux, technico-économiques et sociaux comme outils de diagnostic." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25406.
Full textThe notion of sustainability is included in the development of agriculture by integrating three dimensions, which are environment, economy and society. However, there are few tools for assessing farm level sustainability in the North American context. The overall objective of the research was to develop a method for assessing the global sustainability of Quebec dairy farms based on agri-environmental, technical-economic and social indicators as a self-assessment and decision-aid tool. To achieve this objective, the same methodology was used for each dimension of sustainability. The components of sustainability for each dimension were identified and defined, as well as indicators to assess the status of each component. To accomplish this, experts in the agricultural sector, including researchers, stakeholders and farmers, were consulted using two participatory processes that are the Delphi technique and the focus group. For each component, a scoring system, reference values for the indicators and weighting of these were elaborated to obtain a score for each farm. This assessment method, named DELTA, comprises a set of 43 indicators. The indicators were tested on 40 dairy farms of two contrasting agricultural regions. Finally, a validation by the user was conducted among the farmers that participated in the process from the beginning of the project. This validation consisted of three sections: the perception of the process, the consistency of the results and the utility of the tool. The results of the indicators were integrated using radar graphs, the latter allowing the rapid identification of strengths and areas for improvement for each farm. The three dimensions were equally weighted, while the weighting of components within each dimension may be different. The results demonstrate that similar farms by herd size and acreage may have different levels of sustainability. The self-assessment tool will track the evolution of a farm relative to the assessment of its sustainability and this, due to the sensitivity of the method to changes in practices that farmers will bring on to their business.
Jean-Gagnon, Jennifer. "Conditions de viabilité des exploitations agricoles engagées dans les circuits courts au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27343.
Full textProducers marketing through short food supply chains must, due to limited use of intermediaries, master a wide range of skills not only in primary production but also in processing (where applicable) and distribution. Moreover, this enlargement of the farming profession introduces variable sets of constraints and resources, which complicates further the organization of work. In doing so, it becomes intuitive to assume that these producers can hardly achieve a good level of productivity as other specialized producers, processing companies and large retail chains, supported by the point of view of the division of work where it is recognized that labor productivity increases with the specialization of assets. Our study of work organization and viability conditions of 32 Quebec farms engaged in short food supply chains, based on the principles of Bilan Travail method and the concept of complex activity system, draws first a vast heterogeneity within the cases. A detailed analysis of the apparent labor productivity in the three business segments incorporated by such farms, shows a low labor productivity level in food production, usually offset by improved productivity in other business segments in a way that their financial sustainability majorly depends, ultimately, on their performances in processing or distribution. These results confirm the importance of the internalization of the intermediate segments through the marketing chain to consolidate the revenues of these farms. Our results also show that viability is not only dependent on productivity and profitability. When the total income (income from the farm and from exterior sources) meets household needs, farmers maintain their agricultural activities for factors beyond economic reasoning (life project, fun at work, contact with customers and social recognition). In the end, some farmers give great importance to some principles they defend through their farming profession, even when those choices involve additional non remunerated costs. Key words : short food supply chain, Bilan Travail method, complex activity system, apparent labor productivity, viability, organisation of work.
Boutin, Denis. "Production de lait en tout ensilage au Québec, risques et impacts techniques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26168/26168.pdf.
Full textJeudy, Sagine. "Estimation des bénéfices associés à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau : application de l'approche des comportements défensifs aux producteurs agricoles québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30506/30506.pdf.
Full textThis study aims to analyze the benefits associated with improved water quality by applying the method of "defensive behavior" to Quebec farmers. Perception variables about the degradation of water quality and the environment and characteristics about individuals and farms were included in probit and poisson models to analyze their impact on the probability of adoption of three BMPs, two defensive measures and a health function and to explore the causality between defensive measures and the adoption of BMPs. Many of the aforementioned variables have significant impacts on the adoption of BMPs and defensive measures. We also found that the adoption processes of the three BMPs were correlated. However, we found no link between the adoption of defensive measures and the adoption of BMPs. Finally, the adoption of BMPs reduces the number of days with illness symptoms.
Baptiste, Françoise. "Exploration de l'influence de la drogue sur l'alimentation des femmes travailleuses du sexe de rue et utilisatrices de drogues par injection de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26697/26697.pdf.
Full textTherrien, Karine. "Validation et optimisation d'une méthode d'indice de risque de perte de phosphore." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24468/24468.pdf.
Full textSurface water quality impairment is primarily caused by phosphorus (P) lost from surrounding agricultural fields. This knowledge triggered the development of P losses predicting tools taking into account transport and source factors. In the United States, a great number of P index (PI) approaches has been developed and adopted. Because these PIs are not necessarily applicable in the province of Québec, a P index specific to Québec has been developed : the Phosphorus Risk Index (PRI). The objective of this research was to validate and possibly improve the PRI method using P losses measured on nine experimental agricultural plots located on the IRDA farm in Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon. For each plot, P losses and the amounts of water from runoff and tile-drainage were continuously measured during a two-year period (2001-2002) using automated systems. The total P losses were on average 540 g ha-1 from which 95% was exported via the subsurface drainage system. For each plots, the selected P loss value of each of the PRI components were multiplied by the weight assigned to each components and summed to obtain the final PRI value which is associated to one of the five P loss ratings (i.e. very low, low, medium, high and very high). Results indicate that the measured total P losses and PRI values showed a correlation coefficient of 0.63. In order to improve the relationship between P losses and the IRP, the Trust-region algorithm of the SAS none-linear programming (proc. NLP) was used to optimize weights and P loss potential values of the components. Optimization resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.92. Modifications to the method kept the additive structure of the PRI method. Results were only valid for the Saint-Lambert plots. Generalization across Québec would require experiments on a range of soil, climate, and agronomic conditions. Results from this research indicated possible improvement in the predictive accuracy of the PRI method. Keywords: Phosphorus index, phosphorus losses, optimization, risk assessment, source factors, transport factors.
Perron, Normand. "L'État et le changement agricole dans Charlevoix, 1850-1950." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28608.
Full textMessier, François. "Évaluation de méthodes de lutte aux plantes envahissantes en tourbière: les cas de la quenouille et du roseau." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27764.
Full textBroad-leaf cattail (Typha latifolia, a native plant in North America) and common reed (Phragmites australis, haplotype M, the exotic Eurasian genotype) are often observed in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands once peat extraction activities have ceased. Both species are tall opportunistic herbs showing highly competitive behavior through vegetative propagation and seed production. They are invasive in peatlands that have been used for peat extraction and could become a major threat to restoration projects by preventing the establishment of desirable plant species and potentially reducing carbon sequestration. Furthermore, seed dispersal could contaminate adjacent commercial peat fields. Dense, nearly monospecific, patches of Cattail and Reed have been recently identified in two bogs located in eastern Canada cutover bogs. The main objective of this project was to evaluate and test methods to prevent the spread of these invasive plants in peatlands. Different control methods, such as repeated stem cutting, tarping and revegetation were tested on cattails and reeds, at Bois-des-Bel (BDB, a restored peatland) and Saint-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska (SAK, an unrestored site). Repeated cuttings (3 times per summer) decreased cattail stem density by 77 % and biomass by 88 % compared to control (no cutting) sites. Field observations suggest that a combination of tarping and planting willows to rapidly establish a dense plant cover could inhibit the regrowth of reeds. This project examines a new aspect of biological invasions in North American peatlands. It contributes to the development of technical and operational expertise regarding invasive plant control, based on experimental evidence. Key words: Broad-leaf cattail, Typha latifolia, common reed, Phragmites australis, peatlands, bog, invasion, control
Fraser, Anne-Marie. "Impact des hybrides transgéniques de maïs sur l'entomofaune d'agroécosystèmes du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23905/23905.pdf.
Full textBoudreau, Lise. "L'autécologie du Listera australis Lindl. au Québec, une orchidée rare de nos tourbières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22123/22123.pdf.
Full textMosadegh, Sedghy Bahareh. "Risque de prix et décisions de production et d'exportation : le cas de l'agriculture au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26821.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of price risk on the decision of farmers and processors in Quebec. The dissertation is structured in three main chapters. The first chapter looks on a literature review. The second chapter examines the effect of price risk on the supply of three productions namely grain corn, pork and lamb in the Quebec province. The final chapter focuses on the analysis of changing in preferences of the Quebec pork processor concerning the choice of market. The first chapter, addressing the academic background of importance of risks in agriculture, shows the significant effect of price risk on agricultural production. Also the literature points out the effect of price risk on international trade. The second chapter introduces risk factors (prices expectations and price volatility) in the supply function. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to model the above mentioned risk factors. The model parameters are estimated by full information maximum likelihood (FIML) method. While empirical results show the negative effect of price volatility on production, prices predictability has a positive effect on the amount produced. As expected, the results reveal the application of the farm income stabilization insurance program (ASRA) in Quebec leads to more sensitivity of producer to effective prices (prices including ASRA compensation) than to the market price. In addition, our results present less sensitivity to input prices than output ones in the case of application ASRA. The decrease in producer risk aversion is another consequence of the application of this program. On the other hand, estimation of the relative marginal risk premium index reveals that the pork producer is the most risk-averse producer. The third chapter concerns the analysis of market choice by Quebec pork processor. It is supposed that processor has the ability to supply his products in two markets: foreign and local. The theoretical model explains the relative supply as a function of both relative price expectation and relative price volatility. Furthermore this model shows that the sensitivity of the relative supply to the relative price volatility depends on two factors: the share of exports in total production and the elasticity of substitution between two markets. An error correction model is used in estimating model parameters. The results show a positive and significant effect of relative price anticipation on relative supply in short-term. Besides, these results show an increase in price volatility of foreign market in comparison to local market, leads to a decline of supply in the foreign market in long-term. Also according to the results, the local and foreign markets are more substitutable in long-term than short-term.