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1

Sterner, Thomas, Yonas Alem, Francisco Alpízar, et al. "The Environment for Development Initiative: lessons learned in research, academic capacity building and policy intervention to manage resources for sustainable growth." Environment and Development Economics 19, no. 3 (2014): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x1400014x.

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AbstractThis article reviews the history of the Environment for Development (EfD) initiative, its activities in capacity building and policy-oriented research, and case studies at its centres in Chile, China, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania. EfD promotes research-based policies to manage natural resources as engines of development. Since 1991, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) has provided funding for students from developing countries to earn a PhD at the Environmental Economics Unit (EEU) of the University of Gothenburg. Returning home, th
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Guerrero Varga, Ligia Eugenia, Luis Santiago Vindas Montero, and Ana Gabriela Víquez Paniagua. "Análisis Social, Económico y Ambiental del sector Friolero: perspectiva de pequeños productores (Social, economic and environmental analysis of the dry bean producers: A perspective on small size Costa Rican farmers)." TEC Empresarial 8, no. 2 (2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/te.v8i2.1986.

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<p>En los últimos años, la actividad frijolera en Costa Rica ha ido perdiendo competitividad, afectada principalmente por los altos costos de producción y precios de importación más bajos; lo anterior lleva a cuestionarse si el cultivo del frijol debería seguir fomentándose, pero al evaluar no sólo el punto de vista económico, sino más bien haciendo especial enfoque a las repercusiones sociales, ambientales y culturales que conlleva la actividad. La investigación se plantea al carecer de información formal y documentada que permita visualizar la realidad del sector frijolero en aspectos
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Mora, Floribeth, Ana Abdelnour, Franklin Herrera, and Joaquín Salazar. "El Consorcio Cooperativo de Comercialización, Costa Rica: frijol." Agronomía Mesoamericana 10, no. 1 (2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v10i1.19461.

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The admission of Costa Rica into the World Trade Organization, and the subscription of the Bilateral Free Trade Agreement with Mexico and the agreements with other Central American countries brought about important changes in bean commercialization in Costa Rica. This partly resulted in the creation of CCCRL as an alternative for bean commercialization. Operation and viability of this Consortium are analyzed under the new conditions for the commercialization of agricultural and arming products, both at a national and international level. Agroecological crop conditions are also examined, as wel
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4

Morera, Jorge A. "Agricultura, recursos naturales, medio ambiente y desarrollo sostenible en Costa Rica." Agronomía Mesoamericana 11, no. 1 (2006): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v11i1.17453.

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The sustainable agriculture in Costa Rica must recognize the need of intensifying the productivity as a way to support the increasing demand created by the population growth, but at the same time it has to prevent the best use and conservation of the natural resources. Without natural resources there is no agriculture and without it there isn’t food support. It’s hoped that Costa Rica can satisfy the growing demand of food and other agriculture products; avoiding the fast process of degradation that our soils and forest are suffering. The sustainable agriculture process in Costa Rica and other
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5

Mic, Monica, and Paul F. J. Eagles. "Cooperative branding for mid-range ecolodges: Costa Rica case study." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 25 (March 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2017.12.001.

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6

Arford, Martin R., and Sally P. Horn. "Pollen evidence of the earliest maize agriculture in Costa Rica." Journal of Latin American Geography 3, no. 1 (2004): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2005.0001.

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7

Lansing, David, Pedro Bidegaray, David O. Hansen, and Kendra McSweeney. "Placing the plantation in smallholder agriculture: Evidence from Costa Rica." Ecological Engineering 34, no. 4 (2008): 358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.08.009.

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8

HOPFENSITZ, ASTRID, and JOSEPA MIQUEL-FLORENSA. "Mill ownership and farmer's cooperative behavior: the case of Costa Rica coffee farmers." Journal of Institutional Economics 13, no. 3 (2017): 623–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000527.

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AbstractWe analyze how Costa Rican coffee farmer's behavior in an experimental public good game depends on the institutional structure of the farmers buying point (cooperativevs.privately owned mills), and on the background of their game partners (partners selling to the same type of mill or not). We find that cooperative farmers do not display more public good orientation than private market farmers when playing with partners from the same type of mill. However, though farmers selling to private mills make no difference with respect to the background of partners, farmers selling to cooperativ
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9

Judson, Lucas, and Vivianne Solís. "Impact of coastal shrimp fishing on women and youth livelihoods and food security in Tárcoles, Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 8, no. 1 (2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v8i1.1224.

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Fishing communities often face similar challenges that include overfishing, lack of food security, and unenforced sustainability policies. Tárcoles, mid-Pacific coast of Costa Rica, generates the majority of its income through fishing. A local cooperative aids families with direct marketing, lowering middleman power and generally benefitting the community. To understand the role of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, we interviewed 47 women and youth (aged 13-72) and 41 young students (17-24) at the University of Costa Rica. We found that shrimp is a vital resource used both for food security and
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10

Washko, Susan. "Preliminary Evaluation of Butterfly Diversity and Rural Agriculture in Montane Costa Rica." Entomological News 127, no. 3 (2017): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3157/021.127.0304.

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11

Grabowski, Richard. "Political legitimacy and economic development: The role of agriculture in Costa Rica." Progress in Development Studies 16, no. 4 (2016): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993416657211.

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12

Vasquez Olguin, Silvia Cristina. "Land redistribution does not make a revolution. A critical view on the Costa Rican peasant settlements in the Arenal-Tempisque Irrigation District, 1981-2016." Historia Agraria de América Latina 1, no. 02 (2020): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53077/haal.v1i02.59.

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Costa Rica is not an exceptional case to the rest of Central America in terms of its agrarian history and redistributive reforms. The creation of ITCO in 1960 and its project of land colonization with peasant settlements—the least threatening of all styles of agrarian reform—fails as an agrarian reform because of its limited redistributive scope, and because of the lack of interest in changing the power structures and concentration of the land in the countryside. This article examines the Costa Rican agrarian policy on peasant settlements through the history of the Bagatzí and Falconiana settl
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13

Zuñiga Arias, Ana Yolanda. "Colonización, agricultura y lluvias. Apuntes para una historia local de Rivas, Costa Rica, 1950-2000." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 5, no. 10 (2013): 236–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v5n10.39742.

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El objetivo es mostrar cómo los procesos de apropiación y uso del suelo son factores que contribuyen a la vulnerabilidad, según el impacto de eventos naturales en el distrito de Rivas (Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica). El artículo está estructurado en tres partes: primero se describe aspectos generales del lugar. Seguidamente, se caracteriza el proceso de colonización agrícola de la región y el paisaje hacia 1955. Finalmente, se presenta la incidencia de deslizamientos e inundaciones provocadas por tormentas tropicales y huracanes. El análisis está sustentado principalmente en fuentes primarias escr
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Basok, Tanya. "Individual, Household and Cooperative Production: The Case of Salvadorean Refugees in Costa Rica." Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 18, no. 35 (1993): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08263663.1993.10816688.

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15

Vargas, J. A. "The Gulf of Nicoya Estuary, Costa Rica: Past, present, and future cooperative research." Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 49, no. 1-4 (1995): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02368405.

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16

Wollni, M., and E. Fischer. "Member deliveries in collective marketing relationships: evidence from coffee cooperatives in Costa Rica." European Review of Agricultural Economics 42, no. 2 (2014): 287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbu023.

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17

Taylor, Zachary P., Chad S. Lane, and Sally P. Horn. "A 3600-year record of drought in southern Pacific Costa Rica." Quaternary Research 98 (May 29, 2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.37.

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AbstractWe analyzed the δ2H composition of n-alkanes isolated from Laguna Zoncho, a small lake in southern Pacific Costa Rica, to reconstruct paleohydrology. Using a core that spans the past 3600 years, we found evidence of dry periods, most notably during the Terminal Classic Drought (TCD; ~1200 cal yr BP) and the Little Ice Age (~400 cal yr BP). Previous work at Laguna Zoncho, using bulk sedimentary δ13C and geochemical analysis, found that agriculture began to decline during the TCD. Our δ2H records confirm the occurrence of arid conditions coincident with the TCD at Laguna Zoncho and show
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18

Rojas, Luis A. "La labranza mínima como práctica de producción sostenible en granos básicos." Agronomía Mesoamericana 12, no. 2 (2006): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v12i2.17236.

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In the present the agriculture and livestock field and specifically the basic grains producer, goes throught the worst crisis in the whole history of Costa Rica. The strong degradation of the natural resourses, linked to the important low yield of the crops, which also coincide with the high cost of production, have been increasing the problem. On the other hand, the lack of policies of the last Costa Rica government hastens the crisis. Right now, the basic grain crops do not produce economic profit, so it’s impossible to contonue producing with high costs, as machinery, excessive use of chemi
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19

Villalobos, W., L. Moreira, K. S. Derrick, M. J. G. Beretta, and C. Rivera. "First Report of Citrus Blight in Costa Rica." Plant Disease 89, no. 1 (2005): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0108c.

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Citrus blight (CB), causing a chronic decline of citrus, has been an important disease in Florida for over 100 years. CB was first reported in Brazil in the 1980s and is now responsible for the removal of nearly 10% of the trees from production annually. No causal agent has been identified, but CB has been root-graft transmitted to healthy trees, suggesting that the causal agent is infectious (3). Since 1997, CB symptoms were observed in several groves in northern Costa Rica, the most important citrus area of approximately 25,000 ha. Symptoms observed include a general decline and wilt of the
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20

Pachico, Douglas, and Eric Borbon. "Technical change in traditional small farm agriculture: The case of beans in Costa Rica." Agricultural Administration and Extension 26, no. 2 (1987): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(87)90043-2.

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21

Johanson, Erik N., Sally P. Horn, and Chad S. Lane. "Pre-Columbian agriculture, fire, and Spanish contact: A 4200-year record from Laguna Los Mangos, Costa Rica." Holocene 29, no. 11 (2019): 1743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619862032.

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We present a lake-sediment record of pre-Columbian agriculture and fire history from the lowlands of southern Pacific Costa Rica that captures the arrival of maize agriculture at ca. 3360 cal yr BP in the Diquís subregion of the Gran Chiriquí archeological region. Our 4200-year record from Laguna Los Mangos begins 1000 to 2000 years earlier than other lake records from the region and provides the first microfossil and geochemical evidence of vegetation and fire prior to the establishment of maize agriculture. This early portion of the record shows evidence of fire events associated with land c
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22

Doyran, Mine Aysen, and Zachary Roman Santamaria. "A comparative analysis of banking institutions: examining quiet life." Managerial Finance 45, no. 6 (2019): 726–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2018-0415.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of banking institutions in Costa Rica over the period 2004–2014. Design/methodology/approach This paper employs system GMM, dynamic panel data and traditional financial hypothesis framework to analyze bank performance and assess marketplace sustainability for a sample of commercial and cooperative banks from Costa Rica. In the assessment, the authors visit the relative market power, structure conduct performance (SCP) and efficient structure literature. Findings Market share (MS) is positively related to performance whereas the au
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Snider, Anna, Eva Kraus, Nicole Sibelet, Aske Skovmand Bosselmann, and Guy Faure. "Influence of voluntary coffee certifications on cooperatives’ advisory services and agricultural practices of smallholder farmers in Costa Rica." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 22, no. 5 (2016): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389224x.2016.1227418.

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24

Northrop, Lisa A., and Sally P. Horn. "PreColumbian agriculture and forest disturbance in Costa Rica: palaeoecological evidence from two lowland rainforest lakes." Holocene 6, no. 3 (1996): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369600600304.

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Galt, Ryan E. "Pesticides in export and domestic agriculture: Reconsidering market orientation and pesticide use in Costa Rica." Geoforum 39, no. 3 (2008): 1378–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.12.003.

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Pigg, Janiece, Morgan Richardson, Richie Roberts, and Kristin Stair. "Awakening Transformative Learning: A Comparison of the Dissonance Experienced by Agriculture Majors During Study Abroad Courses to Costa Rica and Thailand." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 27, no. 3 (2020): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2020.273132.

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Students who have participated in study abroad courses exhibit an improved capacity for citizenship, emotional growth, and global competence. However, achieving such requires that study abroad courses be designed to allow students to question their underlying beliefs and values – a concept called dissonance. When individuals reflect on dissonance, it has been reported to spur a process in which their previously held perspectives are transformed. As such, this investigation sought to compare the dissonance experienced by agriculture majors (N =21) at Louisiana State University during study abro
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Zúñiga Vargas, Juan Pablo. "The Principles of Cooperative Learning in an Oral Communication Course in English: A Descriptive Analysis." Revista Ensayos Pedagógicos 9, no. 2 (2014): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rep.9-2.7.

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This article reports on the findings of a research conducted to describe the occurrence and effect of the principles of Cooperative Learning in an oral communication course in English for sophomores during one semester at a public university in Costa Rica. To collect data for the study, three instruments were used, an interview for the professor of the group, a questionnaire for the students, and class observations. The data collected were triangulated by means of predetermined categories of analysis. Overall, the findings obtained indicate that the use of Cooperative Learning, in addition to
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Coto Cedeño, Wainer Ignacio. "Semillas en disputa: Historias de vida y memorias del cambio tecnológico en la agricultura de la papa en Costa Rica (1943-2015)." Revista de Historia, no. 72 (June 28, 2016): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rh.72.4.

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This paper analyzes the process of technological change in agriculture potato in Costa Rica between 1943 and the present. Research shows that the adoption of technological change was an uneven process, which favored the economically better off farmers and displaced others with fewer resources to access modern inputs. This led to the emergence of frictions and conflicts between small, medium and large farmers. The study reviewed literature documentation, the National Archives, as well as annual reports of the Ministry of Agriculture, in addition to press articles. Also it uses oral history and
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Sánchez-Brenes, Ronald J., and Esteban Arboleda-Julio. "Evaluación de la sostenibilidad en el cultivo de plátano, Caribe Sur, Costa Rica." Revista de Ciencias Ambientales 55, no. 1 (2021): 250–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rca.55-1.12.

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[Introducción]: Los plátanos por sus valores nutritivos se ubican entre los principales alimentos producidos a nivel mundial. Crece en los trópicos y son cultivados por pequeños agricultores que lo usan para economía de subsistencia y consumo. En Costa Rica, las plantaciones de plátano se ubican en diferentes sectores del país, una de las regiones más importantes es la región Huetar Atlántica (RHA). [Objetivo]: Se evaluaron indicadores de sostenibilidad adaptados a la realidad de sistemas productivos tradicionales y sistemas convencionales de pequeños productores de plátano en el Caribe Sur de
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Caudill, S. Amanda, Julia N. Brokaw, Dejeanne Doublet, and Robert A. Rice. "Forest and trees: Shade management, forest proximity and pollinator communities in southern Costa Rica coffee agriculture." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 5 (2016): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000351.

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AbstractSustained pollinator services within coffee farms depend substantially on a diverse bee community. While studies have been conducted to understand the impacts of forest proximity and farm level management on pollinators, few have examined the interaction between these two spatial scales. We surveyed pollinator communities within 18 sites on a large organic farm surrounded by native forest in southern Costa Rica. We selected sites 0, 50 and 150 m from the forest edge within shaded and sparsely-shaded (sun) portions of the farm to quantify the influence of both shade management and dista
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Staudacher, Philipp, Samuel Fuhrimann, Andrea Farnham, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Pesticide Use Determinants Among Smallholder Farmers From Costa Rica and Uganda." Environmental Health Insights 14 (January 2020): 117863022097241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220972417.

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Pesticides are used globally in agriculture and pose a threat to the health of farmers, communities, and the environment. Smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries have generally a low socio-economic status and educational level. Consequently, they are particularly vulnerable to negative impacts of pesticides on their health, yields, or land. In a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices study, we compared the pest management practices between a market-oriented farming system in Zarcero County, Costa Rica, and a subsistence-based farming system in Wakiso District, Uganda. We conducted
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Vazquez, Kathleen, and Rachata Muneepeerakul. "Modeling Resilience and Sustainability of Water-Subsidized Systems: An Example from Northwest Costa Rica." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042013.

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Water-subsidized systems are growing in number and maintaining the sustainability of such complex systems presents unique challenges. Interbasin water transfer creates new sociohydrological dynamics that come with tradeoffs and potential regime shifts. The Tempisque-Bebedero watershed in Northwest Costa Rica typifies this class of watershed: Transferred water is used for power generation and irrigated agriculture with significant downstream environmental impacts. To improve and clarify our understanding of the effects of social and biophysical factors on the resilience of such systems, a styli
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Chris D. Gingrich and Jason D. Garber. "Trade Liberalization’s Impact on Agriculture in Low Income Countries: A Comparison of El Salvador and Costa Rica." Journal of Developing Areas 43, no. 2 (2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.0.0064.

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Fournier, María-Luisa, Silvia Echeverría-Sáenz, Freylan Mena, María Arias-Andrés, Elba de la Cruz, and Clemens Ruepert. "Risk assessment of agriculture impact on the Frío River watershed and Caño Negro Ramsar wetland, Costa Rica." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 14 (2017): 13347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8353-y.

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Aistara, Guntra A. "Privately public seeds: competing visions of property, personhood, and democracy in Costa Rica's entry into CAFTA and the Union for Plant Variety Protection (UPOV)." Journal of Political Ecology 19, no. 1 (2012): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v19i1.21721.

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Costa Rica's entry into the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) was hotly contested and the subject of a national referendum. For activists opposing the treaty, questions of 'privatizing seeds' through imposing intellectual property rights were among the main concerns raised by the treaty, as one requirement of CAFTA was signing the international Convention on Plant Variety Protection known as UPOV. The threat to farmers' seeds in Costa Rica and many other parts of the world is more complicated than being a clear-cut issue of privatization. Struggles for control over seeds are a cruc
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Magliocca, Nicholas R., and Eugenio Gonzalez-Jimenez. "Costa Rica’s Water Paradox: Linking Rainforests and Droughts through the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus in Guanacaste Province." Case Studies in the Environment 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2019.002253.

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Costa Rica is known as a verdant, tropical paradise with rich rainforests, abundant wildlife, striking mountains and volcanoes, and picturesque beaches. However, the perceived abundance of Costa Rica’s water resources is only true for part of the country. The same geography and climate that bring abundant precipitation to most of southern Costa Rica and its Caribbean coast also leave the northern Pacific province of Guanacaste with substantially less rainfall and even periods of severe drought. This case study focuses on Guanacaste province, which is a major tourist destination as well as one
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Morales Sandoval, Cristina, and Alejandro Masis Arce. "La Medicion de la Productividad del Valor Agregado: una aplicación empírica en una cooperativa agroalimentaria de Costa Rica (Measuring value added productivity: an empirical aplication in an agroalimentary cooperative in Costa Rica)." TEC Empresarial 8, no. 2 (2014): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/te.v8i2.1988.

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<p>La medición de la productividad a nivel de las empresas, así como de las cadenas productivas, resulta ser una condición necesaria para la evaluación de su desempeño, la innovación y la definición de sus estrategias empresariales. La productividad se ha vuelto un tema fundamental en las empresas, ya que una alta productividad y una adecuada estrategia permiten el aumento de la competitividad e innovación en las empresas, debido a que su incremento representa un elemento diferenciador para alcanzar el éxito a nivel nacional e internacional. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo aportar evide
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Arias-Andrés, M., R. Rämö, F. Mena Torres, et al. "Lower tier toxicity risk assessment of agriculture pesticides detected on the Río Madre de Dios watershed, Costa Rica." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 14 (2016): 13312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7875-7.

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Corewyn, Lisa C., and Mary A. Kelaita. "Patterns of male–male association in mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa Rica: effects of dominance rank and age." Behaviour 151, no. 7 (2014): 993–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003134.

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Cooperative relationships among male primates are emerging as an important aspect of primate social behavior. What remains unclear is the extent to which male associations with coresident males vary within species, and what social and demographic factors drive these associations. This information provides an important contribution to our understanding of how cooperative relationships play an adaptive role in the evolution of male social and reproductive strategies. To examine the nature of male associations and the influence of social and demographic factors, including rank and age, we collect
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Matulis, Brett Sylvester. "The coercive laws of competition in a neoliberal era: the case of forestry in Costa Rica." Journal of Political Ecology 23, no. 1 (2016): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v23i1.20217.

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Market-oriented forms of conservation are believed to deliver enhanced efficiency in ecosystem management. This greater efficiency is derived from the introduction of competitive mechanisms in resource governance. Market competition, however, produces new social relations that can alter the division of benefits between various actors within the economy and present opportunities for accumulation. The consequent gains in efficiency are not necessarily equitably distributed. Furthermore, the introduction of competition can erode cooperative arrangements designed to assist the poor and politically
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Navas Brenes, César Alberto. "Observing student´s syntactic errors and the perceptions towards writing in the composition cours." Káñina 41, no. 1 (2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rk.v41i1.28839.

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The aim of this article is to observe the improvement reached by two groups of English majors in order to identify and correct syntactic errors in a series of six academic paragraphs during two semesters in the second-year course LM-1235 English Composition I at the University of Costa Rica. In addition, it presents a sample lesson with the integration of different language skills so that learners will benefit from cooperative learning, authentic input, and a sequence of interactive tasks to improve their outcome, being this the case of an academic paragraph and its outline. Finally, the write
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Sargeant, Elizabeth J., Eva C. Wikberg, Shoji Kawamura, and Linda M. Fedigan. "Allonursing in white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) provides evidence for cooperative care of infants." Behaviour 152, no. 12-13 (2015): 1841–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003308.

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Allonursing is a highly cooperative behaviour that may have important fitness consequences for the infant while the benefits to the allomother are less clear. To investigate the function of this behaviour, we compared patterns of allonursing and nursing exhibited by white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus). We used a linear mixed model approach to analyse data collected on 21 infants from six social groups in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. Infants nursed at higher rates and for longer durations from their mothers than from allonurses. They also allonursed at higher rates from lactating a
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Kamilaris, A., and F. X. Prenafeta-Boldú. "A review of the use of convolutional neural networks in agriculture." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 3 (2018): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000436.

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AbstractDeep learning (DL) constitutes a modern technique for image processing, with large potential. Having been successfully applied in various areas, it has recently also entered the domain of agriculture. In the current paper, a survey was conducted of research efforts that employ convolutional neural networks (CNN), which constitute a specific class of DL, applied to various agricultural and food production challenges. The paper examines agricultural problems under study, models employed, sources of data used and the overall precision achieved according to the performance metrics used by
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Araya, Rodolfo, and Jorge A. Acosta. "Adaptación del frijol a suelos de baja fertilidad bajo presión de enfermedades foliares en Costa Rica." Agronomía Mesoamericana 11, no. 2 (2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v11i2.17303.

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The aim of this study was to identify bean genotypes with high yield potential when grown in soils of low fertility and under the pressure of foliar diseases. Diverse genotypes, known for its adaptation in soils of low fertility and/or resistance to other biotic and abiotic stresses were evaluated in the field during 1996 and 1997. In total, 562 genotypes, 251 bred and 311 landraces, were evaluated in two locations in Costa Rica: Fraijanes (1750 msnm; 15.3 °C; 3025 mm annual precipitation; 10º09’ North and 84°12’ West); and Alajuela (840 msnm, 23,1 °C; 1966 mm annual precipitation; 10°01’ Nort
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Orozco, A., J. Morera, S. Jimenez, and R. Boza. "A review of Bioinformatics training applied to research in Molecular Medicine, Agriculture and Biodiversity in Costa Rica and Central America." Briefings in Bioinformatics 14, no. 5 (2013): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbt033.

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Aistara, Guntra A. "Seeds of kin, kin of seeds: The commodification of organic seeds and social relations in Costa Rica and Latvia." Ethnography 12, no. 4 (2011): 490–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138111400721.

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This article employs multi-sited ethnography as a tool to explore the relationships among farmer seed exchange practices, intellectual property rights legislation, and biodiversity. Specifically, it investigates these issues in the historically, ecologically and culturally diverse contexts of the Costa Rican and Latvian organic agriculture movements, as these small countries negotiate their places in the economic trading blocs of the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) and the European Union (EU), respectively. The juxtaposition of two such different cases reveals the micro-processes
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Morera Beita, Carlos, Luis Fernando Sandoval Murillo, and Josep Pinto Fusaba. "Transformaciones espacio-temporales de la cobertura vegetal en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, 1960- 2014." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1 (2017): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.28925.

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Regional studies evaluating spatial-temporal transformations of vegetation in Costa Rica, especially within National Parks, are scarce. Therefore, this paper analyses the vegetation distribution during 1960, 1976, 1997 and 2014 in the Corcovado National Park. This protected area is located in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica, and represents the Northern most tropical rain forest on the Pacific coast of America. This area offers a great wealth of biodiversity due to its geological formation, isolation for long time periods, and its particular climatic conditions that generate unique ecosystems suc
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Wagner, David L., Richard Fox, Danielle M. Salcido, and Lee A. Dyer. "A window to the world of global insect declines: Moth biodiversity trends are complex and heterogeneous." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2021): e2002549117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002549117.

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Moths are the most taxonomically and ecologically diverse insect taxon for which there exist considerable time-series abundance data. There is an alarming record of decreases in moth abundance and diversity from across Europe, with rates varying markedly among and within regions. Recent reports from Costa Rica reveal steep cross-lineage declines of caterpillars, while other sites (Ecuador and Arizona, reported here) show no or only modest long-term decreases over the past two decades. Rates of decline for dietary and ecological specialists are steeper than those for ecologically generalized ta
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Clement, Rachel M., and Sally P. Horn. "Pre-Columbian land-use history in Costa Rica: a 3000-year record of forest clearance, agriculture and fires from Laguna Zoncho." Holocene 11, no. 4 (2001): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/095968301678302850.

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Taylor, ZP, SP Horn, and DB Finkelstein. "Maize pollen concentrations in Neotropical lake sediments as an indicator of the scale of prehistoric agriculture." Holocene 23, no. 1 (2012): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683612450201.

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We evaluated the potential of maize pollen concentrations in lake sediment profiles to serve as indicators of the extent of prehistoric agriculture in neotropical lake basins using records from a network of five sediment cores recovered from Laguna Zoncho, Costa Rica. The watershed of this small (0.75 ha) lake in the Diquís archaeological region has a c. 3000 year history of prehistoric agriculture and subsequent forest recovery, as documented through previous studies of pollen, charcoal, diatoms, and phosphorus fractions in a single core recovered from the center of the lake. In our new netwo
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