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Academic literature on the topic 'Agriculture de précision – La Réunion (France ; île)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture de précision – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Lebourgeois, Valentine. "Utilisation d'un système léger d'acquisitions aéroportées dans les domaines optiques réflectif et thermique pour la caractérisation de l'état hydrique et nutritionnel des cultures : application à la culture de la canne à sucre à la Réunion." La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_17_lebourgois.pdf.
Full textSpatial and temporal characterisation of crop nutrient and water status is of great importance for input management and precision agriculture applications. Very high resolution images remotely-sensed in the spectral and thermal domains provide information about the spatial variation of bio-physical and chemical parameters that describe crop status. This thesis explores the use of a flexible and low-cost airborne multispectral acquisition system for the monitoring of sugarcane crop status in Reunion Island. A dual objective was pursued in this study, both technological and agricultural. The technological part concerned the development of a processing chain allowing the translation of the signal acquired by the airborne system into quantified values usable for spatial and temporal comparisons. The multispectral image acquisition system was made up of an ultra-light aircraft equipped with commercial digital cameras for acquisition in the blue, green, red, rededge and near infrared bands, and with a thermal infrared camera for surface temperature measurements. In order to convert the acquired signal into a quantified radiometric value, we developed methods for the correction of the environment-dependent (solar radiation, atmosphere) and camera-related (vignetting effects, image compression) radiomet ric distortions that affect the images. In the thermal infrared band, these methods were validated using in situ measurements of surface temperatures. In the other bands, we examined the impact of our radiomet ric corrections on the quality of the relationships between spectral vegetation indices and surface biophysical variables. In the agricultural part, we evaluated the potential of these multispectral measurements for the diagnosis of stress in sugarcane crops. Using in situ (empirical Crop Water Stress Index on fullyvegetated crops) and airborne (Water Deficit Index for partially-covered canopies) data, we showed the ability of indices based on surface temperature to characterize the water status of sugarcane. This involved the development of original calculation methods of these indices to allow their application in humid conditions and on crops affected by a combined stress (water * nitrogen). The nitrogen status of the crop was also successfully characterised using the ratio of the signals acquired in the Blue and Red bands. The results were in good agreement with field measurements (evapotranspiration, leaf colour, plant humidity), and open the possibility of future coupling of these vegetation status indicators with crop growth models, yielding valuable decision-making tools
Kerveillant, Jean-Paul. "La diversification des activités agricoles à la Réunion." La Réunion, 1996. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/96_01_Kerveillant.pdf.
Full textSaqué, Carine. "Agriculture et territoires : acteurs, projets et procédures : le cas de deux démarches territoriales dans les Hauts de la Réunion." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30024.
Full textModernism focused on agricultural development cuts territorial development of agriculture. Nonetheless, the ancestral link to land is not broken and complex connections between agriculture and territory remain. Theses connections create new “ruralities” which weaken agriculture on territories. Reunion Island has been shaped by colonial plantation economy. Today its agricultural seaside is under urban pressure while its “heights” are marginalized. This dichotomy is emphasized by strong agricultural industries settled in the low parts of the Island as for the “heights” struggle impulsing a reflexion on rural development. Agriculture and rurality are strongly divided. The impact of agriculture on territories is not taken into account in the main debates. The agricultural depression of the “Heights” deepens the gap between the assisted and the ones who benefit from touristic development even if the farmers are encouraged. Seaside urbanisation threatens the agricultural industries therefore the local authorities are sollicitated for land regulation. Agricultural charter planification is issued from these two views. It tries to go beyond the oppositions in order to gain territorial efficiency. It also encourages innovation, linking agriculture and territories. Agriculture will subsist only if it questions the existing model and tries to created this new link. This is the price to pay for sustainable development on the Island. The searcher has the tools to build this perspective
Soubadou, Gislain. "L'irrigation à la Réunion : caractéristiques, enjeux, transformations du milieu rural." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_12_Soubadou.pdf.
Full textMartignac, Cécile. "Maintien d’une filière dominante ou projet de territoire : le cas du sucre à La Réunion." Montpellier 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369154.
Full textThis research work proposes to explore the paradox of the massive support for the Reunion Island “sugar cane” channel in a context that today appears to be structurally unfavourable, in particular when looked at under the two principal trends: on the global level, the current evolution of international commercial rules relative to the sugar sector compromise the long-term durability of the current support layout of the channel; on the regional level, the spatial dynamics reveal social strategies contrary to the protection of a 30 000 h cane cultivation surface and to the promotion of a productive agriculture. In front of this type of questioning, the geographer’s point of view is at first to consider that what takes places on the ground expresses the strategies of the actors. The study leans upon this hypothesis in the proposal for a revision of the regional spatial dynamics and their signification in terms of social strategies at different organisation levels. In making a call to tele-detection, to spatial analysis, to modelling, to social surveys, to typologies, this study shows that spatial dynamics constitute a pertinent study point of evolutions and of aspirations of the Reunion Island society. Today, this society expresses strategies and practices disconnected to the sugar project, legitimising and underlining the pertinence of a re-interrogation of the currently privileged agricultural development axis
Laudié-Lecomte, Nancy. "Le compromis agricole réunionnais, mutation sectorielle et construction territoriale à l'île de la Réunion (des origines à l'heure européenne)." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0031.
Full textThis study sets out to explore the paradox constituted by the dynamism of agriculture in Réunion with respect to the island's natural and socio-economic constraints, and the rapid marginalisation of agriculture in the macro economic aggregates. Based on a re-examination of the economic and institutional trajectory taken by Réunion in the last centuries, priority is given to the identification of actors, their strategies and their interdependences, as well as the way in which the balance of power bas changed. This analysis shows that the present configuration and specific status of local agriculture can be explained by the compromises that have been reached at sectorial and territorial levels. The enquiry into the dynamics of the agricultural sector and the various ways in which they are regulated, then into the cross-dynamics of the strategies of dominant industrial and commercial groups, and the interplay of local politics, reveals a network-based logic related to the defence and the promotion of Réunion interests. This opens the door to a clearer understanding of the mobilisation of public fundings to agriculture, not just in Réunion, but also at national and European levels
Dumoulin, François. "Évaluation environnementale d'un projet de symbiose industrielle territoriale : application à un projet de gestion territorialisée de résidus organiques valorisés en agriculture dans l'ouest de la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0029/document.
Full textEfficient use of by-products is essential as natural ressources are increasingly scarce. Industrial strategies to adress this issue are more efficient when they are developed on a system-based level, such as with regional industrial symbioses,rather then with individual or isolated approaches.Regional industrial symbiosis projects involve different industrial activities based on a territory and that are to be engaged collectively in order to make structural changes within the regional metabolism. This kind of project might be promoted by individuals or organisations legitimated by the whole of industrial symbiosis'actors. A facilitator group initiates the project, catalysing changes, based on a plausible promise of benefits. Those considered changes are gradually adapted and refined by the involved actors. In such a way, plausible benefits must match to their model of choice that comprises environmental, among others, dimensions.While methods and tools dedicated to environmental assessment of product were developped under strong research effort, the issue of environmental assessment fo regional industrial symbioses so far as has been weakly studied. For that purpose Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is presented as an ultimate environmental assessment method. However, LCA was not elaborated in oder to account for individual environmental perspective, nor to address structural system changes induced consequently to the implementation of a regional industrial sysbiosis nore its temporal effects on the environment, but instead LCA addresses global environmental issues related to a product. Starting from this analysis, and dealing with outcomes from social sciences, we propose to adopt an anthropocentric conception of the environment, as a system of complex subject-object relationships, for which we identify key elements of the perception of environemental consequences. Those key elements enable to build a logical basis composed of three environments that enable to cover, and thus to consider, actors' perception of environmental consequences related to the project. We present a participatory method that embeds this logical basis and suggests successively to 1) identify the environmental phenomena of interest related to the project, 2) design corresponding indicators considering concomitantly available data about the biophysical characteristics and scientific knowledge about the impact chains, 3) assess the environmental consequences. We illustrate the method and its epistemological foundations with a case study: a project that aims to recycle organic residues in agriculture in Réunion Island
Demené, Camille. "Entre nature et agriculture. Agricultures patrimoniales et services environnementaux en aire d’adhésion des parcs nationaux à la Réunion et en Guadeloupe." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0009/document.
Full textThis research deals with changing interactions between agriculture and territories. Food production is no longer the only criteria used to assess agricultural systems efficiency. Social and environmental issues are increasingly taken into account. This new understanding of the role of agriculture within territories raises the issue of the role of some extensive marginal agricultural models, aside intensive models promoted by agricultural policies. We focus on how increasing concerns on biodiversity may impact these models. Addressing biodiversity issues may change the way agriculture is considered, from a threat to a potential ally in natural areas management. We assume that this redefinition of agriculture’s role goes beyond a mere reframing of environmental functions but results of genuine trade-offs with other cultural and social functions. Considering an agricultural industry as a geographical object, we propose a two-stage analysis. Using actor’s discourses, we analyze (i) their perceptions of agricultural functions, then (ii) the integration of these perceptions in their strategies, that contribute to transforming resources (geographical, economical, political, and ideological resources) used by agriculture. This analytical framework is applied on a small but emblematic Reunionese agricultural industry, vanilla, whose economical profitability is questioned today. Our analysis reveals that biodiversity issues both raise new constraints and restriction but also generate new opportunities for actors to make their strategies evolve. Trade-offs between ecological, economical, social and cultural issues are part of these dynamics. The comparison with another marginal insular agricultural industry, coffee in Guadeloupe, reveals similar dynamics, and allows us to discuss the way agriculture could be managed, especially considering environmental and ecological aspects. Although the concept of « environmental service » offers new perspectives, its actual implementation isn’t suited to such agricultural systems, whose characteristics are not those of conventional productivist models. In Guadeloupe, the support the National Park granted to this type of agriculture models (coffee and vanilla) give us some elements to discuss the relevance and the interest of such an intervention. The vulnerability of such marginal industries, and the close intertwining of economic, social, cultural and environmental issues at stake, suggest to cross sectoral settings and to promote a territorial governance allowing a transverse consideration of their specificities