Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture des régions arides – Syrie'
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Haj, Najib Bassel. "Gestion optimale de l'utilisation de l'eau douce et salée pour l'irrigation du coton dans le bassin de l'Euphrate en zone semi-aride." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-147.pdf.
Full textDeiri, Walid. "Contribution à l'étude phyto-écologique et de la potentialité pastorale en Syrie aride." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20315.
Full textAbou, Zakhem Boulos. "Étude hydrogéologique et hydrochimique du bassin d'Ad-Daww (Syrie)." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4401.
Full textKhalaf, Sakher. "Formation des sols sur les basaltes du HauranE (Syrie du sud) : influence de l'age et du climat." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT012A.
Full textJouve, Philippe. "Adaptation des systèmes de production à l'aridité au Maroc et au Sahel." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30033.
Full textThis works oriented thesis presents the results of researches undertaken in morocco and in the sahel about the adaptation of agricultural production systemes to aridity. It comprises two volumes. In the first one, a foreword retraces the professional career of the author and indicates the main reasons of the choice of the thesis topic. Then a first part shows the main characteristics and the specificity of the aridity in morocco and in the sahel with their agronomical consequences as well. In the second part, the cropping systems adopted in the two zones are described and their practises and strategies against climatic hazards are analyzed. The third part is about the presentation and discussion of the results of researches geared at adapting the production systems to aridity. In particular, the pathways and means of improving the water availability of rain cultivation and the efficiency of rains. At last, the possibility to fight aridity through irrigation is examined. A comparative analysis of both the morocco and the sahelian, most contrasted experience in this field, allows to discuss the conditions of success of irrigation. The second volume gathers a selection of 18 publications of the author about the study of the agricultural production systems and their adaptation to aridity
Miri, Marwa. "Mesure de l'efficience des exploitations agricoles dans les régions arides de la Tunisie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25372.
Full textBehri, Nora. "La terre et l'homme dans l'arrière-pays de Safi (Maroc)." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100041.
Full textThis study discusses the land in a radius of 50km surrounding safi. It is a semi arid region with weak underground waters and barren soils. A part from the plain of abda. We can divid this region into four sectors. Each sector presents a range of problems dependant upon its geographical position, its topography and its human specificity. However, the most important difficulty of the region is the shortage of water. The successive dry years 92, 93, 94 and 95 aggravated the conditions of living. To this essential problem of water, we must also consider the landed structure which, in addition, prevents any serious organisation of the land. These conditions have imposed a traditionnal spatial organisation based on an insufficiant and a random agriculture. The surrounding area of safi developes slowly as the city of safi does not contribute sufficiantly to its dynamism, eventhough the falocal population lives, for the most part, on urban activities. This actor explains why families still remain in their douars
Keita, Kô. "Un milieu en évolution du Mali : La haute vallée du Niger et du Sankarani." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL084.
Full textThe general tendency to the increasing of the temperatures and the decreasing of the pluviometry, the deteriorating of soils and vegetal cover show how the physical aspect of the Sankarani and upper Niger valley in Mali is damaged. The building of the selingue dam in that area has allowed hydroelectric generation, irrigated farming and an experimention of a new kind of fishing. These new activities illustrate in the technical field the development of our surroundings from which the success of the rural growth operations takes into consideration the total perception of local communities environment
Djong-Yang, Albert. "Crises et mutations agraires en pays Toupouri (République du Tchad)." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100041.
Full textTupuri country lies South-West of Chad over a stretch of 1055 square km. With a population estimated near 87000 inhabitants in 1993, which gives a density of 82 inhabitants by square km. Demographic pressure in this territory leads to scarcity of agricultural lands. In the two last decades, land tenure has evolved toward family or individual appropriation, enticing thus, large numbers of youths to migrate toward adjacent territories (such as the 'sous-prefecture" of Pala and the Republic of Cameroon) in search of ground to cultivate or remunerated jobs. However, in Chad, Tupuri country offers many unexploited potentialities. Fertile lands border to Mayo-Kebbi river which runs through several lakes. The development of irrigation agriculture on the shores of this river or around the lakes might possibly slow down the migration of younger generations towards other horizons
Starck, Emilie. "La petite propriété dans l'oasis du Valle de Uco-Mendoza (Cuyo, Argentine)." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30029.
Full textValle de Uco is a piedmont oasis belonging to the argentinan arid diagona. Since the end of the XIX th century, the massive arrival of european immigrant labour forces combined to an intense wine growing development in the Mendoza province. Valle de Uco is a representative area of human adaptation to an inhospitable environment. The old irrigation system has generated a social organization and an intensive use of soils by breeders in constant relation with the market. Directed by the « economic lottery » of the capitalist game, the local country society constitute nowdays one of the rich country of Argentina, where small property is prevailing. Beyond, the recent fad of transnational companies for the modern wine making has change the structure of country and the relations between producers. In this context, small producers adapt for the survival of the family group. Therefore, is a controled space a decisive element in the country poverty weakening? Through the types of producers analysis, based on ground studies, the goal is to better understand the rural life stakes of a modern oasis. In reference to the local peasantry model, the search engaged draw up an inventory and report on successes and failures of an area wholly man-made. The country diagnosis of the Uco Valle suggest a new thinking back ground about public action and agricultural development in arid and semiarid areas not only in Argentina, but also for other horizons
Ndiaye, Yéro. "Aménagements hydroagricoles dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal, rive mauritanienne : Les problèmes d'encadrement." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL029.
Full textIn a sahelian region made more precarious by the persitent drought, the new use of dams seems to reassure decision-makers, who in irrigated culture, see the best means self-sufficieney in food. Yet, the development of this technology in an environment, which, up to now, is ignorant of hydro-agricultural traditions, implies good quality training capable of making it popular. . . So, in this study centered upon the mauritanean bank of the middle valley of the Sénégal river, we try and show the risky aspect of irrigation just now. This situation is the result of a lack of good training. The variable technico economy element predominates, whereas the human dimension, the real countrymen's participation are neglected. "Development is neither an obligation nor a law it is a social project among others". J. Gallais
Abou, El Farah Yahia. "La vie rurale dans une région aride du Maroc : La plaine de Tiznit." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL079.
Full textThe Tiznit plain, a region in the South of Morocco, situated at the foot of the desert, has a marginal role in national economy. It is an exemple of life marked by the land's dryness. The lack of water leads to an agricultural deficiency. Adding to the already existing serious social conditions, i - e. , an unbalanced land-structure, an important division of property and a precarious and traditional methods of irrigation. All these combine to explain the failure to work the land, consequently the land worked, to a large extent, by traditional techniques has a poor yield. Under these conditions, the land cannot support an increase in popu- lation which seeks other means of survival such as emigration. This usual phenomenon of life in the plain has allowed for the introduction of outside influences and triggered major changes in the lands as well as in society
Taonda, Sibiri Jean-Baptiste. "Évolution de la fertilité des sols sur un front pionnier en région Nord-Soudanienne (Burkina Faso)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL071N.
Full textLaraque, Alain. "Comportements hydrochimiques des "açudes" du "nordeste" brésilien semi-aride : évolutions et prévisions pour un usage en irrigation." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20003.
Full textCaiserman, Arnaud. "Adapter les stratégies agricoles aux évolutions socio-économiques et climatiques en milieu méditerranéen : comparaison de l'usage de l'eau et des choix de plantes des agriculteurs dans la plaine de la Békaa (Liban) et de Marvdasht (Iran)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3009.
Full textAccording to Köppen’s climate map, the semi-arid Mediterranean climate covers several countries in this region, including Lebanon and Iran. In order to regionalize the understanding of the water challenge of this region, two agricultural plains with similar characteristics were selected as study areas: the Bekaa plain in Lebanon and the Marvdahst plain in Iran. The Marvdasht plain is slightly drier and through climate change, the Bekaa plain will look like the present climate conditions of Marvdasht before 2100. It is therefore necessary to grasp the agricultural practices in the Marvdasht plain in order to imagine how Bekaa agriculture will look like in the future. Farmers must adapt their strategies to the local climate that is characterized by strong uncertainties (interannual variability of rainfall or frequent droughts) but also to economic uncertainties (prices’ variability). Despite (geo)political differences, some farmers in the Bekaa and Marvdasht have chosen strong water demanding crops, compared to the local renewable water resources. However, these crops are profitable on the market. In total, the water balances for the years under consideration are negative: in Marvdasht, farmers pumped 0,25 km3 of groundwater to meet the total irrigation needs, but the groundwater recharge was only 0,09 km3 in that year. In the Bekaa, this balance is also negative, but to a lesser extent: 0,15 km3 were pumped for a recharge of 0,1 km3. In both cases, irrigation needs are therefore higher than renewable water. They have therefore promoted market adaptation rather than sustainable resource management. Thus, the reasons for crop choices were closely analysed through field surveys and certain remote sensing methods to generate crop maps. The net irrigation requirements of crops are also estimated through remote sensing. Indeed, water needs determine whether or not farmers promote climate change adaptation strategies with relevant crop choices. This regional imbalance at the expense of resources stems from the productivism in the early 1950s. This paradigm is rooted on farm’s profitability and a more ambitious political objective, food self-sufficiency, especially in Iran. This causes an overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and thus a lowering of groundwater by several tens of meters since the 1980s. Some alternatives consist of growing plants with high added value and modest water requirements: saffron, canola, quinoa and cannabis (in Lebanon). We have highlighted these alternative crops since their cultivation on large areas could save millions of water cubic meters each year. Still not widely cultivated, these plants need incentive markets to attract the interest of agricultural stakeholders. This operational part thus analyses the reasons for this lukewarm success in order to find incentive markets. Such local markets would strengthen a more sustainable agricultural policy than restrictive measures on water management that farmers always manage to circumvent
Robert, Marion. "Modeling adaptive decision-making of farmer : an integrated economic and management model, with an application to smallholders in India." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30251/document.
Full textIn semi-arid regions, agricultural production systems depend greatly on irrigation and encounter increasing challenges (depletion of natural resources, high volatility in market prices, rise in energy costs, growing uncertainty about climate change). Modeling farming systems and how these systems change and adapt to these challenges is particularly interesting for policy makers to better assess their flexibility and resiliency. To understand the ability of farming systems to adapt, it is essential to consider the entire decision-making process: from long-term decisions at the farm scale to short-term decisions at the plot level. To this end, the thesis conceives a flexible and resilient agricultural production system under a context of water scarcity and climate change. It provides a step-by-step methodology that guides data acquisition and analysis and model design. It proposes a simulation model NAMASTE that simulates the farmers' decisions in different time and space scales, represents the interactions between farmers for resource uses and emphasizes the feedback and retroaction between farming practices and changes in the water table. The model was initially developed to address critical issues of groundwater depletion and farming practices in a watershed in southwestern India. Its structure, frameworks and formalisms can be used in other agricultural contexts