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1
Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa. "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c6_p1.
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This article set out to analyse the economic structure and main economic drivers in Botswana. Botswana, a country in sub-Saharan Africa, is a relatively small economy, hugely dependent on its diamond mineral wealth. Concerns have arisen in recent years that the diamond deposits will soon be depleted and the country therefore needs to embark on a diversification programme to broaden its economic base. In order to understand the Botswana economy, its economic structure and current domestic sectorial performance were evaluated, as well as its trends in imports and exports. An analysis of the data shows that, regardless of the awareness of the sensitivity to external shocks of commodity prices, as well as the obvious future depletion of diamond reserves, the Botswana economy continues to rely on diamonds, at the expense of attracting international capital flows to enhance and maintain sustainable economic growth, through investments in agriculture, manufacturing and tourism. It is therefore recommended that the Government of Botswana becomes proactive and implements recommended policies to diversify its economy, so that it can sustain or improve its economic growth by becoming a prime destination of international capital and domestic private sector investment, thereby increasing employment and trade opportunities.
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Pánková, Ludmila, Renata Aulová, and Jan Jarolímek. "Economic Aspects of Precision Agriculture Systems." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2020.120306.
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Matandare, Mufaro Andrew, Patricia Masego Makepe, Lekgatlhamang Setlhare, and Jonah Bajaki Tlhalefang. "Crop Production, Livestock Production and Economic Growth in Botswana (1990-2017): An Application of ARDL Model." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 8 (September 3, 2021): 1500–1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i8.1500-1508.4325.
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There are few studies in Botswana which have examined the relationship between agriculture and economic growth. The uniqueness of this study is grounded in investigating disintegrated agriculture components into crop production and livestock production and investigating their nexus with economic growth. This study estimated the short and long term effects between crop production, livestock production and economic growth in Botswana for the period 1990 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to investigate the stated relationship. Study findings from the ARDL bound testing approach confirm evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between crop production, livestock production and economic growth. Results indicated that livestock production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. On the other hand crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth only in the long run. Efforts towards supporting agricultural sector growth should be emphasized to promote agricultural sector productivity in a bid to forge a move away from dependence on imports of food in Botswana. To enhance economic growth, in both the short run and long run, the government of Botswana and all relevant stakeholders should invest in and promote livestock production. In the long term, policies that foster crop production are essential for economic growth.
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Shang, Yung C., and Barry A. Costa-Pierce. "INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE-AGRICULTURE FARMING SYSTEMS: SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Journal of the World Mariculture Society 14, no. 1-4 (March 12, 2009): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1983.tb00104.x.
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Serebrennikova, Anna I., Aleksey V. Mikryukov, and Tatyana A. Tchilimova. "Socio-economic aspects of bank lending to agriculture." E3S Web of Conferences 176 (2020): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017604014.
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The article is devoted to the socio-economic aspects of banks ' activities in relation to agricultural lending. The contextual background of the study is the social significance of agriculture for the country in terms of food security and the formation of a stable standard of living of the population. The purpose of the study was to reach the essential understanding of the social aspects of the Bank's activities by considering the social functions of the Bank in the lending process. The article considers the composition of credit subjects and gives a brief description of them. The activity of the State as a regulator of credit relations and a full participant in lending is emphasized. The essential understanding of the bank 's social functions in the context of solving the state 's social task of financing agriculture through the mechanism of concessional lending has been expanded. Conclusions are made about the leading role of the state in the formation of the mechanism of interaction between the Bank and the borrower with the strengthening of social functions of the Bank.
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Mashungwa, G. N. "Grain legume production and their potential for sustainable agriculture in Botswana between 2008 and 2015: a review." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2019.11.
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Pulse crops are an integral component of arable agriculture in Botswana, particularly in subsistence farming. The benefits of these crops include provision of nutrition for both human beings and livestock, as well as environmental sustainability needs. Although they have a far reaching socio-economic impact, these benefits have not been adequately characterized for inclusion in endeavors of conservation agriculture in the country. Furthermore, data on pulses are often lumped together without identifying important pulse crops grown in Botswana. The objective of this paper was to review production of pulses and their potential as components in cropping systems and conservation agriculture in Botswana. The data used in this study were obtained from reports of Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MOA), Statistics Botswana, FAOSTAT and other literature sources. With the ongoing changes in climate and predicted increase in incidences of drought, pulses are among crops most relevant to sustainable agriculture. They are among the most versatile because of their variability in cropping duration from early to late maturity. Their consumption ranges from fresh forms to physiologically mature grain. Pulses play an important role in climate change mitigation through their ability to fix nitrogen, thus reducing dependency on organic and synthetic fertilizers. They use less water from relatively shallow soil and allow for stratified soil water use for companion crops in intercropping or conserve soil water for subsequent crops in rotations. Thus pulses improve both water and nutrient use efficiencies when included in cropping systems. Their production also has a low footprint in both carbon and water. Currently, pulses are among the few highly priced crops in Botswana markets and together with the possibility of replacement of imported grain, investments in their production can generate income and improve livelihood of both farmers and consumers in Botswana. Crop production management technology involves judicious use of integrated nutrient, pest and disease management; appropriate integrated management packages that include pulses can be promoted to ensure sustainable crop production under the adverse impacts of climate change.
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Madigele, Patricia Kefilwe. "Analysis of the Economic Benefits of Tourism in Contra-Distinction to Agriculture in Rural Boteti, Botswana." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p80.
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<p>Despite numerous efforts to improve agricultural production as an alternative source of employment, the high poverty headcount is still a source for concern in rural Boteti. On average, agriculture contributes to less than 20% to household economies in rural Boteti. To date, no research has been done to assess and determine the factors that affect livelihood diversification among households in Boteti. This study, among other methods, adopts the Household Economy Analysis, Household Income Estimation and the Tobit regression model in order to determine how the economic benefits of tourism industry compare with those of the agricultural sector in Khumaga and Moreomaoto in Boteti sub-district, Botswana. This study argues that notwithstanding the livelihood diversification efforts displayed in the study area, agriculture continues to be a significant contributor of total household income. The improved performance of agriculture is crucial in the attainment of food security. This paper is aimed at making an assessment of the contribution of tourism in the selected areas Boteti sub-district in comparison to agriculture. There is a strategic need to educate the local communities in the study area on the importance of tourism and how they could use it effectively as a livelihood activity.</p>
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Tvrdoň, J. "Economic aspects of rural areas sustainable development." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 1 (February 20, 2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5070-agricecon.
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The articles deals with problems of different development of rural areas and their factors. In usual analysis of rural development, the position of agriculture is interpreted in broad range of opinions from the neglectable role to its non-substitutability in rural economics. The article follows strong sides of these concepts at simultaneous reduction of their weaknesses and is focused on problems of investigation of the mutual influence of endogenous as well as exogenous industries on rural regions. Applied approach leads to setting up model of economic base and deriving of multiplicators of rural development. It is obvious from the analysis that nonagricultural subsidy programs supporting development of the others industries in region have indirect influence upon its agriculture too. In different regions, this influence varies due to the factors investigated in the paper.
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Bai, Atiila. "Economic Aspects of Bioethanol Production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 14 (September 22, 2004): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/14/3364.
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Sustainability and multifunctionality look to be crucial points of the future of developed agriculture. Energy utilization of a part of the available biomass perfectly fits in these expectations. Bioethanol production allows for the substitution of the most expensive and most pollutable energy source, gasoline, by agricultural materials. This article contains a complex evaluation of economic characteristics of this method and calculations for the expectable economic effects of a would-be Hungarian bioethanol program. This essay includes the most important technological knowledge, a comparison between bioethanol and the competitive energy sources (gasoline, biodiesel, MTBE) and the most interesting elements of bioethanol programs operating in foreign countries. Introduced are which participants in the bioethanol chain have financial interests and counter-interests under present economic conditions in the spread of bioethanol by the enumerazation of macro- and micro-economic factors. The statements and consequences are based on my own calculatiosn so I am truly interested in any professional opinion.
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Burliai, A., O. Burliai, and L. Kovalev. "Methodological aspects of conducting economic analysis of greening of agriculture." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 96 (June 2020): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-96-2-54-69.
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Odhiambo, Scholastica Achieng. "Economic Crisis Influence on FDI and Foreign Inflows in Sub-Saharan Africa Economies." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 31 (November 30, 2017): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n31p557.
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The global economic crisis affected most of developed economies in North America and Europe which was likely to trigger a trickle-down effects on Sub-Saharan Africa. This effect was characterized by falling exports demand, foreign capital inflows in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid inflows and remittances from African immigrants working in the ICs. This paper investigated the effects of economic crisis on FDI and the foreign aid inflows in four countries which include Botswana, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. Panel data was used for analysis with OLS, Random Effects and Maximum Likelihood Estimation from 1990-2010 was conducted. The results show that contrary to the expectation that economic crisis had negative effects on FDI inflows in SSA it was the other way round. Economic crisis has a positive impact on FDI inflows. This maybe because of natural resource oriented FDIs in Mozambique and Botswana and low integration in world markets for Kenya and Malawi (Most FDI are primary resource base such as agriculture).
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Allen, Patricia, Debra Van Dusen, Jackelyn Lundy, and Stephen Gliessman. "Integrating social, environmental, and economic issues in sustainable agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 6, no. 1 (March 1991): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003787.
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AbstractIn the past several years, researchers, educators, policymakers, and activists have initiated sustainable agriculture programs and efforts the world over. This development has sometimes been accompanied by a sense that it is time to stop discussing sustainability at a conceptual level and get on with the work of making agriculture sustainable. Our perspective is that it is critical to pursue a comprehensive definition of sustainability in order to set sustainable agriculture priorities and ensure that sustainable agriculture takes a path that does not reproduce problems of conventional agriculture. In this paper we briefly review some popular definitions of sustainable agriculture and find that their focus is primarily on farm-level resource conservation and profitability as the main components of sustainability. Others have challenged this approach for either not examining the social aspects of sustainability or for containing an implicit assumption that working on the environmental, production, and microeconomic aspects of sustainability will automatically take care of its social aspects. We propose an expanded conceptualization of sustainability—one that focuses on the entire food and agriculture system at a global level and includes not only environmental soundness and economic viability, but social equity as well. In this perspective, issues such as poverty and hunger are as central to achieving agricultural sustainability as those of soil erosion and adequate farm returns.
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Boháčková, I., and M. Hrabánková. "Income disparity of Czech agriculture – selected aspects." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 5 (June 13, 2008): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/250-agricecon.
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The paper is focused on the problems of income disparity in agriculture. This economic as well as social phenomenon is often discussed, especially at the administrative level, nevertheless, it has not been exactly defined and methodically delimited yet. The comparison of average wages of farmers with average wages in inhomogeneous industry and with average wages in the very sector-differentiated national economy used today can be considered as problematic. In the paper, the possible system of income disparity monitoring is suggested which would remove the current deficiencies. In its frame, a special attention is paid to regional aspects of income disparity and the relation of wages and labour productivity.
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Csatári, Gábor Bence. "Economic aspects of innovation in sheep breeding." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 31 (November 24, 2008): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/31/3002.
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Innovation, as a factor influencing the success of farming, is of outstanding importance also in agriculture. Only those businesses (enterprises, companies) can be successful in the longrun which are able to adapt the new technological elements and to make their own developments occasionally and make them suitable for practical utilization.The innovation activities performed by the enterprises, business organizations can be evaluated at firm (microeconomic) and national economy (macroeconomic) levels. In the case of sheep breeding also, a complex evaluation system should be applied, since this is a sector, which has significant rural development and social impacts. The innovation processes are analysed from the identification of the problem inducing research and development until the return of the invested resources.
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Dementieva, Anastasia. "Economic aspects of branch convergence in agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory." Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University 1, no. 76 (2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-76-15-21.
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Lichen, Niu. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LAND USE IN AGRICULTURE OF CHINA." Agrosvit, no. 11 (June 21, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6792.2019.11.65.
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Niu, Lichen. "Organizational and economic aspects of land use in agriculture of China." Агросвіт, no. 11, червень (2019): 65–73.
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Bainé Szabó, Bernadett. "Economic Aspects of Rural Tourism." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 12 (November 26, 2003): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/12/3431.
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necessary to ensure the livelihoods of those leaving the agricultural sector and to supplement the incomes of those working in agriculture. I research rural development in four settlements in Hajdú-Bihar County, in Balmazújváros, Hortobágy, Tiszacsege and Egyek, all bordering Hortobágy National Park.There are many alternative income sources in settlements in the Hortobágy area, such as organic farming, production herbs, hungaricums, small animals and arts and crafts, as well as rural tourism. Rural tourism is not for subsistence, but a supplementary income source, mainly available during the summer time. I made a survey of rural hosts in the four examined settlements, and according to my results, I constructed a model reflecting the cost-benefit relation, as well as the payment period conditions of rural tourism. I am going to show whether it is worth dealing with rural tourism, and if yes, under what conditions. Rural tourism contributes to the maintenance of rural modes of living, in this way it has significant cultural, economic, ecological and social aspects, as well. It is crucial for settlements to create the appropriate conditions needed for joining rural tourism, if it is worth joining at all, and to realise investments for all these. Rural tourism has strict requirements for the levels of environment, infrastructure and services. Studying the Western-European practices, Hungary is lagged behind in the conditions of rural tourism and rural hosts have done their activities mainly out of necessity and not to maintain traditions. Rural tourism may result in success only by co-operation and over the long-run.
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Rodoljub, Topić, and Spasojević Boris. "Contemporary Aspects of Correlation between Agriculture and Rural Development." ECONOMICS 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0001.
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Summary In most countries, agriculture represents a strategic economic sector. In developed countries, the share of agriculture in GDP amounts only to 2-3%, but this industry assists in development of other sectors as well: trade, tourism, chemical and mechanical/machine industry, etc. Nowadays, great attention is paid to environmental protection and production of quality products. Sustainability has become a key determinant of agricultural production. Modern agriculture is focused onto productive and intensive production, but also towards multifunctional development of rural areas. Implementation of integral rural development and new regional concept of development sublimates several objectives: economic and social progress, demographic stability, environmental and cultural heritage protection, etc. This development model is mainly introduced in developed countries, but also in developing countries. A greater scope of social problems, in addition to the production, is resolved by doing so,. However, the results of the rural development policy differ from one country to another. Today, methods for measurement of rurality have been developed. Agriculture and rural development are in constant interaction, but the advocates of direct support for agriculture continue to oppose territorial approach and subsidies for rural development.
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Petitt, Andrea, and Alice J. Hovorka. "Women and Cattle “Becoming-With” in Botswana." Humanimalia 12, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9433.
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Cattle are paramount to lives, livelihoods and landscapes in Botswana. Human-cattle relations emerge and evolve through historically-situated social relations of power based on gender, ethnicity, and class. Our paper explores intersectional human-cattle relations in Botswana within the contemporary period of enhanced commercialization. Specifically, with data from participant observation and semi-structured interviews with women cattle owners in Ghanzi District, Botswana, we investigate how women across a range of ethnicities become-with cattle and how cattle are becoming-with women cattle owners, directly or mediated through hired labour and/or technology. By operationalizing Haraway’s multispecies ‘becoming-with’ through intersectionality theory we articulate the nuanced ways in which individuals or social groups of two distinct species (here humans and cattle) become who they are. We show that whereas gender and ethnicity dynamics place women as engaging directly with cattle, engaging indirectly with cattle or becoming-without cattle, class most visibly shape the way that cattle become-with women cattle owners and other humans. We offer a novel illustration of an intersectional becoming-with, highlighting human-animal relations in the context of agriculture and socio-economic change in the Global South.
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Štaube, Tatjana, and Ineta Geipele. "Scientific Aspects of Spatial Economic Allocation of Entrepreneurial Activities." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 5, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjreecm-2017-0007.
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AbstractThe paper includes results of economic calculation until 2020 regarding adaptations of the algorithm model of forecasting supply of spatial economic objects for planning the development of the Latvian high-end industrial market space. Scientific discussion concerns the average temperature increase as a determinant ratio and the definition of spatial economics developed by the authors The research focuses on the changes in climatic conditions, which may have an impact on the country’s economic development priorities. The paper also reflects on assessment of regional specialization of the leading entrepreneurial activities in Latvia and the Baltic States. It is mainly based on the empirical study of scientific literature. The authors apply the following methods: decision-making, analysis of primary and secondary sources, the Gini coefficient of Regional Specialization, the Gini coefficient of Geographical Concentration, logical approach and comparisons, systems and dynamic factor analysis, expert analysis, mathematical statistical methods. Main conclusions state that Latvia would continue regional development, maintain division of industrial capacities and decrease of Riga’s industrial agglomeration. Agriculture will develop intensively. Increase in high-class industrial property stock is partly conditioned by the high-quality manufacturing needs, as well as logistics and service needs. The calculated level of that stock is 772,300 sq.m until 2020. In fact, Latvia demonstrates low regional specialization rates for agriculture and manufacturing. The authors stress importance of development of the appropriate infrastructure in creating competitive local business environment in the Latvian cities.
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Cobbe, James H. "Economic Aspects of Lesotho's Relations with South Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010338.
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Lesotho has long had the distinction of being one of the more anomalous states not only in Southern Africa, but in the world. It is entirely surrounded by another country, the Republic of South Africa. It is ethnically and linguistically very homogeneous. It is a monarchy. Physically, the lowest point in Lesotho is higher, in vertical distance above sea level, that that in any other country. Its economy is marked by some extraordinary paradoxes, such as agriculture being the main economic activity of the bulk of the labour force albeit the origin of a small fraction of total income, imports enomously exceeding exports and being larger than domestic output, and fewer citizens working for cash inside the country than outside.
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Yılmaz, Hasan, Ludwig Lauwers, Jeroen Buysse, and Guido Van Huylenbroeck. "Economic Aspects of Manure Management and Practices for Sustainable Agriculture in Turkey." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2019-0020.
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Abstract Turkish livestock sector plays very important role in the Turkish GDP and the use of manure affects the environment but the farming sector want the farmers to employ the use of more integrated manure practice. The study assessed the economic impacts of integrated manure and chemical fertilizer used and the manure management practices sustainable for Turkish agriculture. Turkey is dependent on foreign countries not only for energy but for chemical fertilizers raw materials. High price of chemical fertilizers is one of the negative impact, manure substitution will lead to stable macro-economy, and environmental friendly economy and agricultural productivity will also impacts. To achieve these impacts, some manure practices suitable for sustainable rural development in Turkey was assessed.
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Ukolova, N., S. Monakhov, and Ju Shikhanova. "PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN MODERN AGRICULTURE OF RUSSIA: ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT." AIC: economics, management, no. 4 (2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33305/194-14.
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Bulgakov, A., D. Koptilina, and D. Paseka. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF IT TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF "UAVS"." AIC: economics, management, no. 4 (2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33305/194-41.
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Kirsten, J. F., and J. van Zyl. "The economic impact of irrigation agriculture: Methodological aspects and an empirical application." Development Southern Africa 7, no. 2 (May 1990): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359008439513.
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Wossink, A. "Co-ordinating economic, behavioural and spatial aspects of wildlife preservation in agriculture." European Review of Agriculture Economics 26, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/26.4.443.
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Silvestrov, P. V. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE." Экономика сельского хозяйства России, no. 12 (December 2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32651/1912-16.
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KAIDAROVA, L. K., SH ZH RAKHMETULLINA, and U. KERIMOVA. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION." Problems of AgriMarket 4 (December 15, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.08.
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The theoretical and practical directions of development of ecological agriculture in the country are justified, based on the idea of closed cycle, which corresponds to ecological and economic principles. The works of domestic and foreign scientists on this issue were studied. The main economic indicators of agricultural production on the example of Pavlodar region were analyzed: dynamics of gross output of agricultural sector; the number of operating agricultural enterprises and peasant (private) farms; distribution of the land fund by land categories. Information on violation of environmental legislation in the field of land resources protection and on the volume of waste in the industry is provided. The problems that hinder the implementation of the main provisions of greening of production activities in agro-industrial complex are identified. Summarizing the arguments of domestic and foreign scientists, the need to develop and implement the mechanism of functioning of agricultural entities is shown, which is based on the use of secondary resources, implementation of which in the future will allow, using comprehensive analysis of the used technologies, to modernize the production capacities of processing enterprises, implementing the principle of minimizing waste, ensuring expansion of the market for environmenttally friendly products. Models of rational production are shown: outsourcing and in sourcing. Measures of public support for the use of environmental innovations, environmental insurance, public-private partnership instruments, strengthening control over compliance with the principles of rational environmental management, economic incentives for agricultural producers are proposed.
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Kaidarova, L. K., SH ZH Rakhmetullina, and U. Kerimova. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.08.
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The theoretical and practical directions of development of ecological agriculture in the country are justified, based on the idea of closed cycle, which corresponds to ecological and economic principles. The works of domestic and foreign scientists on this issue were studied. The main economic indicators of agricultural production on the example of Pavlodar region were analyzed: dynamics of gross output of agricultural sector; the number of operating agricultural enterprises and peasant (private) farms; distribution of the land fund by land categories. Information on violation of environmental legislation in the field of land resources protection and on the volume of waste in the industry is provided. The problems that hinder the implementation of the main provisions of greening of production activities in agro-industrial complex are identified. Summarizing the arguments of domestic and foreign scientists, the need to develop and implement the mechanism of functioning of agricultural entities is shown, which is based on the use of secondary resources, implementation of which in the future will allow, using comprehensive analysis of the used technologies, to modernize the production capacities of processing enterprises, implementing the principle of minimizing waste, ensuring expansion of the market for environmenttally friendly products. Models of rational production are shown: outsourcing and in sourcing. Measures of public support for the use of environmental innovations, environmental insurance, public-private partnership instruments, strengthening control over compliance with the principles of rational environmental management, economic incentives for agricultural producers are proposed.
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KOCISZEWSKI, Karol. "Sustainable development of agriculture - theoretical aspects and their implications." Economic and Environmental Studies 18, no. 3 (47) (November 26, 2020): 1119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ees.2018.47.5.
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The objective is to provide a systematization of concepts connected with sustainable development of agriculture (SDA) as the basis for indication of directions of changes in Polish agriculture. The author applied descriptive and comparative analyses based on a survey of the literature to indicate the differences between the described concepts. Both sustainable agricultural and rural development (SARD) and multifunctional rural development (MRD) could be connected with reduced agricultural production, which would bring positive and negative environmental consequences. The multifunctional agriculture cannot exist without production, so it is more favourable for SD, however it should be based on environmental requirements. Then it is close to sustainable agriculture. Considering these concepts, the author formulated and used his own definition of the SDA and its objectives. The sensitive rule of sustainability with secured critical natural capital is the proper one for agriculture in Poland. Currentl , Polish agriculture is in dual development (industrialisation and sustainable transition). For the SDA, the support for agriculture should be conditioned by compliance with basic environmental standards and by provision of public goods. It depends on properly directed and effectively implemented environmental and economic measures of the CAP.
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Grzegorzewska, Emilia. "Chosen aspects of economic profitability in agricultural companies in the context of global economic crisis." Journal of Intercultural Management 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2014-0022.
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Abstract Negative consequences of the economic crisis, which began in the United Sates in 2007, affected economies of all countries. The unfavourable economic situation on world markets was also reflected in the financial condition of Polish companies. It also refers to agriculture which plays a significant role in Polish economy. The following paper covers change trends in economic profitability of a group of 10 agricultural companies. Chosen liquidity and profitability ratios have been presented as well as synthetic measure which is at the root of the compilation “Ranking of 300 best agricultural companies”. The presented findings cover the years 2007-2012.
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Solaymani, Saeed. "Social and economic aspects of the recent fall in global oil prices." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-06-2017-0006.
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Purpose The global energy market has been facing lower prices of crude oil in recent years. Lower fuel price leads to lower transport cost and cheaper agricultural inputs (such as pesticides and chemical fertilizer), resulting in lower prices of agricultural commodities in the international markets. On the other hand, lower global oil price reduces the oil revenues of oil exporting countries, resulting in a decrease in government expenditures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of lower global oil and agricultural commodity prices and government expenditure on the entire economy and poverty level of Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This study used a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to investigate four simulation scenarios based on the latest Malaysia’s input-output table belonging to 2010. The first scenario is a 30 per cent fall in the export and import prices of agricultural commodity prices, while the second is a 50 per cent decline in the export and import prices of crude oil, and the third combines them. In the fourth scenario, government operating expenditure declines by 4 per cent because of the fall in government’s oil revenues as a result of the decline in global oil prices. Findings The simulation results suggest that lower international oil price decreases real gross domestic product (GDP) and investment in Malaysia and influences positively the output and employment of some agriculture sectors. However, lower agricultural commodity price increases real GDP and investment in the country and negatively influences the output, employment and exports of all agriculture sectors. The decline in government expenditures also increases the output and the employment in the economy, whereas it decreases household consumption. In conclusion, results show that the agriculture sector losses from the current decline in international agricultural commodity prices, while it benefits from lower oil and government expenditure. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is comparing the impacts of recent falls in global oil and agricultural prices on the entire economy and agriculture sector of Malaysia. Investigating the impacts of these issues on the poverty level of Malaysian households is another contribution to the study. Another contribution is analyzing the impact of a reduction in government expenditures because of the decline in global oil price on the economy and welfare of Malaysia. Therefore, this study makes a useful contribution to the small literature of the topic.
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Skalnaya, M. M., and Е. А. Gridasova. "Socio-Economic Aspects of Integration of Disabled People in the Agricultural Labor Market." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 7 (2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-7-63-67.
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The article presents an analysis of the state of the inclusive labor market in agriculture, reveals potential opportunities for expanding the labor participation of disabled people in the rural economy, and substantiates proposals for creating organizational and economic mechanisms to increase their employment, which is consistent with The State Program for integrated development of rural territories for the period up to 2025. Based on the analysis of the state of the inclusive labor market in the rural economy, the potential opportunities for expanding the labor participation of disabled people in rural areas in order to increase employment and maintain the population in rural areas are revealed. Proposals to improve the efficiency of the inclusive labor market in agriculture and increase the income of the rural population are proposed and justified.
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Колесникова, Елена, Elena Kolesnikova, Татьяна Чекменева, Tatyana Chekmeneva, Ольга Котова, and Olga Kotova. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE RESOURCE REGIONS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2017, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2017-4-35-41.
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Sustainable development of rural areas and the agricultural sector is very important for resource regions, the gross regional product of which is formed by 50% due to extraction and processing of minerals. In order to be able to conduct a competent policy for the development of agriculture in municipal areas, it is necessary to assess the existing potential of rural areas in the municipal districts. The article describes the application of the author’s approach to the assessment of the resource potential for the development of agriculture in the region by the example of the Kemerovo region. It features indicators of the resource potential of rural territories, which determine various aspects of the development of the territory: economic, social and infrastructural. The data of the municipal statistics of the official websites of Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Kemerovo Statistics Agency) are used as a basis for analysis and evaluation. The results of the analysis allow the authors to rank the municipal districts according to the method of rating evaluation based on the proposed indicators. The paper involves some conclusions about the priorities for the development of agriculture in certain municipal areas of the region.
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Silko, E. A., N. M. Sedova, and Elena Nikolaevna Zakharchenko. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MONITORING OF THE MARKET OF PRODUCTS OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE." Economy, labor, management in agriculture, no. 8 (2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33938/188-42.
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Lyson, Thomas A. "Environmental, Economic and Social Aspects of Sustainable Agriculture in American Land Grant Universities." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 12, no. 2-3 (June 10, 1998): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v12n02_09.
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Bersenev, V. L. "Economic and Legal Aspects of the Import Substitution Policy in Agriculture in Russia." Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii 17, no. 4 (2020): 922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2020.17-4.14.
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Import substitution has become a key factor in the transition of the Russian economy to innovation-driven development. Apart from everything else, the results of testing of the Prebisch — Singer hypothesis point to the need for this transition. The article considers theoretical and legal aspects of Russia’s import substitution policy in agriculture. This sector depends on natural and climatic conditions, it is also characterized by seasonality of production processes and it uses animals and plants as resources for production. Therefore, extraordinary measures are required to organize import substitution in this sphere. Moreover, in accordance with Engel’s law, it is necessary to ensure not only the country’s food independence but also the high quality of agricultural production. To this end, the main principles of import substitution should be enshrined in federal legislation. In this case, the interests of national agricultural producers will be better protected from changes in the political environment.
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Rulev, Alexander, and Gleb Rulev. "Ecological and Economic Aspects of Land Desertification." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 3 (December 2019): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2019.3.14.
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Agricultural lands of the Russian Federation are intensively subjected to degradation and desertification as a result of irrational economic activity, which, against the background of unfavorable climatic factors, led to the destruction of natural ecosystems, degradation of the soil cover and ultimately to the creation of the unfavorable ecological environment. About 65 % of 130 million hectares of arable land, are exposed to water and wind erosion. Only by water erosion, 10 % of arable land lost 30–60 % of fertility and almost 25 % lost 10–30 %. As a result of deflation 25million hectares of agricultural land in the European part of the Russian Federation are degraded to varying degrees. The concept of the anti-degradation arrangement proposes to use environmental-economic geoinformational monitoring. Within the framework of this approach, the development of cartographic and mathematical models in three time environments is proposed: pre-agricultural, modern degraded, and certainly improved condition. The ecological and economic analysis makes it possible to synthesize information flows and analyze the most important degradation processes. The most important tool for implementing ther adaptive-landscape anti-degradation arrangement of agricultural landscapes is precision farming, which consists of several subsystems: decision-making, monitoring, agronomic techniques, specialized equipment, etc. Computer technologies and telecommunications allow to speed up and optimize production by combining technology and people, which helps reduce costs. Precision agriculture is impossible without using modern advances in collecting, processing and storage of various, often heterogeneous, agricultural information.
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Əliməmməd oğlu Ağazadə, Seydağa. "Aspects of agricultural development in the Lankaran-Astara economic region." NATURE AND SCIENCE 07, no. 02 (April 23, 2021): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/07/68-70.
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The article analyzes the development, current condition and main directions of its optimization of agricultural crops planted in accordance with the climatic conditions in the territory of the economic region. State programs indicate the measures taken in this area. The implementation of the adopted state programs on the development of citrus fruits, tea and rice production and the dynamics of development in this area are shown. The current state of the agricultural complex was analyzed on the basis of available statistics. The development index of the economic region and its administrative districts is given. Key words: climate, land cover, agriculture, tea, paddy, citrus, government programs, GDP, Lapatnikov index, economic development index
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Kucher, Oleg, and Liliia Prokopchuk. "Economic aspects of biomass market development in Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015401007.
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The article considers the state and prospects of bioenergetics development in the context of rationalization of the use of available natural resource potential of Ukraine. It is determined that one of the most perspective renewable energy sources is biomass, the main component of which is by-product of plant growing. It is noted that the use of by-products of crop production for receiving heat energy is a rational way to utilize their surpluses that are not used for other purposes of agriculture. The existing resource potential of this agricultural biomass and source of its obtainment were characterized. An estimation of the potential of this type of biomass up to 2025, which can be used for thermal power engineering was made. It was noted that the effective use of biomass potential of agricultural enterprises is possible in case of creation of the appropriate mechanism, a set of management decisions aimed at solving the energy issue. The structure of the formation of the economic model of the influence of factors on the state of the use of by-products of crop production in thermal power engineering was proposed.
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Buzdalov, I. "On intensification of Russian agriculture." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2013): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-12-141-152.
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In the article, the crisis state of agrarian sector of Russia, its reasons and crucial role in its overcoming of implementing consecutive intensification of agriculture are considered. The lag in scientific development of methodological and applied aspects of intensification is noted. Foreign experience in this area, practice of using factors of intensification during the Soviet and modern periods of development of agriculture are analyzed. A special role of the state in promoting intensification of agricultural production is shown. Measures for increasing the level and economic efficiency of intensification of Russian agriculture are grounded.
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Baliyan, Som Pal, Paseka Andrew Mosia, and Pritika Singh Baliyan. "Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Constraints: Do the Constraints Predict University Agriculture Graduates’ Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship?" International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 5 (August 5, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n5p259.
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This quantitative study analyzed and predicted gender differences of agriculture graduates’ attitudes towards and challenges in entrepreneurship in Botswana. The study adopted a descriptive and correlational survey research design. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used for data collection through a survey of randomly sampled 149 final year agriculture graduate students (n=149). Inferential statistical tools of Independent t-test and Regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study determined three important attitudinal factors as: entrepreneurship results in economic growth of a country, employability and income generation and, entrepreneurship improves individual and social growth. Three important constraints in entrepreneurship were lack of land, lack of proper infrastructure and, lack of capital. These top attitudinal factors as well as constraints were the same for the male and female graduates despite of their ranking and importance. A gender difference in students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship was established while no gender difference in the challenges in entrepreneurship was found. Out of fifteen constraints in entrepreneurship under study, only three constraints namely, lack of land, high competition in market and lack of capital, were determined as significant predictors of the graduates’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship. It is recommended that these three factors be made priorities while making policies for entrepreneurship development in the country. Further study is recommended to explore the perceptions of graduates on the possible ways to improve on these three predicting constraints and explore latent constraints predicting graduates’ attitude towards entrepreneurship. Those findings may provide better ideas in planning policies for entrepreneurial development among agriculture graduates in Botswana.
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Ganguly, Lopamudra. "Past and Present Economic Status of West Bengal: A Review." Asian Review of Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2020.9.2.1624.
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Economic development is the process through which a country transformed from one position to another. Economic progress, therefore, covers almost all aspects of a socio-cultural segment of a country. Various economic parameters influence the growth of the state, West Bengal. Among them, agriculture and industrial development play a crucial role. West Bengal ensures its position as the sixth-largest state economy in India. From agriculture to software, this state makes remarkable progress. The target of this development is people-centric. The focal issue is to give a better living standard to the people.
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Bwalya, Kelvin Joseph. "Botswana's Novel Approaches for Knowledge-Based Economy Facilitation." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2010010104.
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The Vision 2016, which is a set of strategic plans desired to position Botswana at the completive edge of the socio-economic hierarchy in Africa, is being implemented with concerted efforts from both the private and the public sector, including ordinary citizens. One of the major motivations for drawing this strategy has been the desire to transform Botswana from a resource and industry-based (e.g. agriculture and diamond mining) to knowledge-based economy. This has come from the realisation that in order to compete favourably at a global scale, there is need to put in place efficient knowledge value chains. To this course, several initiatives have been devised and/or implemented by both the government and the public sector. This article surveys the fundamental concepts on which this paradigm shift is hinged and brings out the different issues, initiatives and policies (such as Information and Communications Technology development, nurturing of an appropriate human resource base by way of strategic human resource development plans, investment in intellectual capital, etc.) that have been done so far in Botswana. The article, however, does not claim that it offers a compendium of existing programs towards a knowledgebased economy initiated by Botswana. The article posits that although significant strides have been scored in Botswana’s efforts towards a knowledge-based economy, a lot more needs to be done if it were to compete favourably at an international stage.
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Motsatsi, Johane Moilwa. "Technical Efficiency and Evidence of Economies of Scope in Botswana Agriculture: A Stochastic Input Distance Function Approach (1979-1996)." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v1n1p92.
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<p><em>This study estimate technical efficiency indices and examines evidence of economies of scope in Botswana agriculture for each 18 districts and commercial sector using a multiple-output multiple-input stochastic input distance function approach covering data from 1979 to 1996. The estimated model provides input-output relations, economies (diseconomies) of scope and technical inefficiency. All the production outputs (cattle, crops and goats/sheep) were significant with expected signs. The estimated mean technical efficiency of 0.885 for 18 districts and the commercial sector was obtained. This suggest the existence of inefficiency in Botswana agricultural production which indicates that there is opportunity to increase production with the same quantities of input factors, and through adaptation of improved technology such as irrigation, use of fertilisers, and improved high quality crops and livestock. There is significant in economies of scope between the production of cattle and goat/sheep, at the 1 percent level, and cattle and crops at 5 percent level. This existence of economies of scope indicates that higher economic returns are possible through efficient use of labour and livestock feeds, and reducing risk by not producing output (e.g., crops) that is easily affected by droughts and poor soils.</em></p>
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Bista, A., T. N. Joshi, K. Biswokarma, and S. Yadav. "Agronomic and Environmental Aspects of Conservation Agriculture on Wheat Crop Production." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i2.24637.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major vegetable crops of Nepal. Potato is grown all over the globe and consumed as either vegetable or staple food depending upon the crop production scenario. It is also an integral part of human diet. Potato is a high nutrient mining crop and needs higher fertilization for economic tuber production. Despite sufficient application of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P2O5), low replenishment and widespread potassium deficiency are limiting the potato production in Nepalese condition. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll% was positively correlated with potassium application. Potassium alleviated stresses of frost and drought and reduced incidence of diseases like late blight, black scurf and hollow heart. Potassium also decreased the reducing sugar content and improved chips color and quality. Similarly, potassium application before harvest was found to increase storage life of potato tubers. Furthermore, potassium application significantly increased the yield of potato tubers and quality parameters such as Vitamin C content and specific gravity. Source of potassium and method of potassium application also affected growth, yield and quality parameters. Soil application of potassium in splits coupled with foliar spay was found to perform better. Optimum dose of potassium was recommended for economic tuber production
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 161-166
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Mijatovic, Bosko. "Economic and financial aspects of Serbia's regionalization." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 112-113 (2002): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0213069m.
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The paper has two parts: in the first one, economic aspect of regionalization is considered, in the second a financial one. Regionalization, like every type of decentralization, represents a serious reform of a state and brings upon several expected as well as unexpected although significant effects on political, social, and economic life. Its goal is an improvement of political, social, and economic functions of a state, not their deterioration. Unfortunately, experience of other countries does not support overwhelming optimism. Most frequently, regionalization is done due to political considerations; economic considerations are of secondary importance or even neglected. Such a dominance of political reasoning neglects fundamental principles and arguments of the economic science, standards of rational approach to decentralization, and even economic efficiency and equality between citizens. Because of that, the emphasis in this paper is on economic and financial aspects of regionalization in Serbia. In the first part the author explores economic aspects of regionalization; four state functions (regulation, stabilization, redistribution, and allocation) in decentralized setting; relations between regionalization, deregulation, and privatization; vertical distribution of functions (exclusive functions by the state, exclusive functions by regions, shared functions). After that he explores advantages of the selected model of creating regions and distribution of authorities in Serbia, particularly economic authorities of regions (1. land planning, urban land use, housing; 2. development and maintenance of infrastructure of regional importance and coordination of public utilities in municipalities; 3. agriculture; 4. tourism; 5. forestry 6. hunting and fishing; 7. vocational training and employment; 8. ecology; 9. public works). Separate section is devoted to social protection (financial transfers and institutions). In the second part of the paper (Financing the Regions) the author first examines certain issues in principle (fiscal revenues, vertical and horizontal balance, debts and moral hazard) and then considers topics of financing regions in Serbia, such as revenues subsidies, and debts.
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Offutt, S. "Policy analysis for globalized agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 2 (February 29, 2012): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5267-agricecon.
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Farms, farmers, farm families, and even farm policies have changed in the United States and Europe over the decades since World War II. Now it is time to bring the methods of farm policy analysis and the scope of data collection up to date. Agricultural economics, by tradition an empirical discipline, can offer important insights into the design, implementation, and effectiveness of policy. To succeed in this century, though, requires an emphasis on understanding micro-economic behavior at the level of the farm household. The paper presents fundamental aspects on methodology for micro-level farm policy analysis and data requirements for application of its intruments.
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Sibanda, Clyde, Keba Hulela, and Nelson Tselaesele. "Perceived Influencers of the Decline on Performance of Students in Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education’s Agriculture Examination Results." Journal of Education and Learning 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n1p199.
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<p>The purpose of the study was to investigate factors perceived to contribute to the decline of students’ performance in the Botswana’s General Certificate of Secondary Education (BGCSE) agriculture results. Ninety-one agriculture examiners were randomly sampled out of 100 teachers who were invited to mark the 2012 end of year examination scripts. A questionnaire was mailed by post and partly hand delivered to gather quantitative data. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that majority (57%) of the agriculture teacher examiners were male, 66% were in the age range of 31-35 years old. A large proportion (66%) of them had taught for a period of 6 to 15 years. The study revealed positive perceptions of teachers on three constructs influencing the decline on the students’ performance in agriculture. The study revealed that under the construct,<em> Students’ behaviors, social and economic related factors, students attitudes towards the subject </em>yielded high mean (x̅)‘= 4.45<em>,</em> STD (σ) ’ = .81;<em> on Factors related to curriculum issues, </em>the study sho<em>we</em>d<em> </em><em>“</em><em>interpretation of examination items</em><em>”</em><em> </em>had high mean<em> </em>(x̅) ‘= 4.39<em>,</em> STD (σ) = .75 and under the construct on <em>Factors related to resources and infrastructure </em>the mean (x̅) was = 4.79<em>,</em> STD (σ) = <em>.53 </em>was high on the <em>student teacher ratio. </em>The study concluded that the three constructs studied had influence towards students’ performance in agriculture. However, based on interpretational correlations the results did not find any strong relationship among the demographic variables studied.</p>