Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agriculture Farm income

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Agriculture Farm income'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Agriculture Farm income"

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Runowski, Henryk. "THE PROBLEM OF ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN EUROPEAN UNION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 5 (November 30, 2017): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6233.

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The aim of the study was to identify the problems of using different methods of measuring agricultural income and the resulting assessments. The system used by the European Union to measure farmers’ incomes is imperfect. The concept of measuring farm incomes is criticized. There are mentioned, among others no statistics on farm incomes, including both farm income and non-farm income. The Common Agricultural Policy strives to ensure an adequate standard of living for the rural population, i.e. the level of disposable income on the farm. The question is, what is the right level? This is largely determined by the level of social labor productivity attained in agriculture and the income derived from agriculture to the income generated outside of it by occupational groups attaining similar labor productivity. Only in this state makes sense to refer to the need to ensure income parity in agriculture and out of this sector.
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El Benni, N., R. Finger, S. Mann, and B. Lehmann. "The distributional effects of agricultural policy reforms in Switzerland." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 11 (November 26, 2012): 497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/215/2011-agricecon.

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This paper analyses the effects of Swiss agricultural policy reforms and the effects of farm income, off-farm income and direct payments on the distribution of the farm household income. To this end, the farm-level income records from the FADN data for the period 1990–2009 are used to calculate Gini coefficients and Gini elasticities. Bootstrap sampling procedures are applied to test for significant differences of the estimated parameters over time. The Gini coefficients estimated in our analysis show that the household income inequality in Swiss agriculture only slightly increased from 0.21 to 0.24, but the farm income inequality strongly increased from 0.27 to 0.38 in the considered period. We find furthermore that increasing off-farm incomes and direct payments would decrease the household income inequality. Especially direct payments that support farmers producing under adverse production conditions in the hill and mountain regions have found to be well targeted and thus contribute to the reductions in income inequality in agriculture.  
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Findeis, Jill L., and Venkateshwar K. Reddy. "Decomposition of Income Distribution Among Farm Families." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 16, no. 2 (October 1987): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00001495.

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The greater reliance of U.S. farm families on off-farm income has implications for the structure of agriculture and the distribution of income within agriculture. Using annual data on farm households from the Current Population Survey, the degree of income inequality for the U.S. and by region is assessed for 1984. The distribution of income among farm families is decomposed by income source. Off-farm income is shown to contribute to higher average incomes and reduce income inequality at the margin, but only in regions where full-time farming predominates. In the Northeast and South, increases in off-farm income increase regional income inequality.
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Czyżewski, Andrzej, Ryszard Kata, and Anna Matuszczak. "THE REDISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN POLAND’S AGRICULTURAL BUDGETS IN THE LONG TERM." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.2.16.

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The study specifies the premises and purposes of the redistribution function of budget expenditures on agriculture. It determines the amount of expenditures fulfilling these purposes in Poland’s agricultural budgets in 1995–2018. An attempt was also made to assess their effects in the context of the dynamics of farmers’ income, the disparity between farmers’ income and the incomes of other social and professional groups, as well as intrasectoral disproportion in farm household income. It was demonstrated that the increase of budget expenditures on agriculture in 2004 contributed to a real increase of farmers’ income and a decrease in the disparity between the income of farm households and the income of households in general and of working households. However, the increase of redistribution expenditures did not reverse the progressing process of farm household income polarisation.
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Djurfeldt, Agnes Andersson. "Seasonality and farm/non-farm interactions in Western Kenya." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 1 (February 27, 2012): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000589.

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ABSTRACTThis article considers the distributional consequences of seasonality by analysing the links between non-farm incomes, commercialisation within agriculture, and variations in consumption burdens and expenditures at the household level. The common focus in the literature on non-farm incomes as levellers of seasonality and sources of risk minimisation is complemented by perspectives which consider how seasonality affects and is handled by households depending on their broader livelihood situations. To this perspective is also added a consideration of in-kind transfers and transactions. The article uses a mixed methods approach, drawing on data from two villages in Western Kenya. The lack of non-farm sources of income and the variation over time in consumption burdens aggravate the seasonal aspects of the agricultural production cycle for poorer households. By contrast, the interaction between farm and non-farm sources of income enables wealthier households to profit from seasonality in relation to agricultural markets, while providing the basis for meeting both farm and non-farm expenditures.
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Finger, Robert, and Nadja El Benni. "Farm income in European agriculture: new perspectives on measurement and implications for policy evaluation." European Review of Agricultural Economics 48, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbab011.

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Abstract Viable farm households contribute to the resilience of agricultural and food systems. Farm income is a policy-relevant proxy for this viability. Here, we address three key aspects of farm income: first, the income issue, focusing on (average) income levels; second, the variability issue, focusing on income risks faced by farmers; and third, the inequality issue, focusing on the heterogeneity and (in-)equalities of farm incomes. This special issue presents new perspectives on measurement, modelling, development and policies related to the income of farm families in Europe, especially in the light of increasing complexity of farms and policies and risk exposure.
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Gołasa, Piotr. "TAX BURDENS AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR EQUALIZING FARM INCOMES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 4 (October 10, 2017): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5165.

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The aim of the article was to present the issue of income inequality among agricultural holdings and the importance of the current system of taxation of agricultural activities for their equalization. This study was based on data collected from 573 agricultural holdings from Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, Podlaskie and Lodzkie. Gini coefficient was used to determine income differentiation. It was found that the examined farms are characterized by high income diversification (Gini coefficient – 0.672). The tax burden on farm incomes is at a low level of 3.8% and 77% of these burdens is agricultural tax. The agricultural tax system does not fulfill the redistributive function and even slightly increases the income gap. However, in the opinion of the surveyed farmers, the problem of income differentiation is not significant from their point of view, and the state should not take any additional measures to offset income. Possible changes should relate to the system of support of agriculture rather than its taxation.
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Bainé Szabó, Bernadett. "Alternative Income Sources in the Agriculture of Settlements Along the Hortobágy." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 10 (May 11, 2003): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3500.

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Agriculture has played a dominant role among the income sources of population living along the Hortobágy just like in any other rural areas. I represent the situations of settlements along the Hortobágy by studying four of them, such as Balmazújváros, Hortobágy, Tiszacsege and Egyek. Big companies having worked in the examined settlements had significance in ensuring local working facilities, and restraining people from leaving. Acts dating back to the beginning of the 1990’ies, privatisation, transformation of the state farm and co-operatives have decreased the rate of employment in agriculture. Alternative income sources relating to agriculture, such as bio-farming by alternative plants, herb production and rural tourism will determine the future of agriculture in this area due to the closeness of the Hortobágy National Park, the unique but unfavourable natural conditions for agricultural production, financial aids by the National Agricultural Environmental Programme and the imminent EU-membership. In this way supporting these activities may ensure the livelihood of ex-agricultural workers and alternative income for those working in agriculture.I am going to deal with two issues in this article:• with the change of the role of agriculture in the examined settlements,• with economic analyses of alternative income sources by a model of a family farm.
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Panda, Sitakanta. "Farmer education and household agricultural income in rural India." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 6 (June 8, 2015): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2013-0278.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in the rural household agricultural income by farmers’ education while exploiting a nationally representative household survey data set, i.e. the India Human Development Survey-2005, in the rural Indian context. The author seeks to answer the question: how much variation in the household net agricultural income per acre of land cultivated can farmers’ education explain? Design/methodology/approach – The author has employed the ordinary least squares regression model with village fixed effects. The author also analysed the data using some exploratory statistics. Findings – The author finds that farmers’ education significantly increases the net household farm income per acre of land cultivated last year. The results are robust to the inclusion of the five educational degree categories (dummies) in lieu of the years of schooling variable. The results are also robust to its decomposition into that for men and for women separately. Women farmers’ education has an amplified impact on farm incomes. The author also confirms the inverse relationship between the household agricultural income and land area cultivated, which is consistent with the huge literature on the negative relationship between land size-class and farm productivity. Practical implications – In a developing country with a not-so-modernized agriculture sector and low adoption of newer farming technologies, this validated importance of education in explaining the differences in rural farm earnings has guiding policy implications in that a positive return to farmer schooling signals the need for increased investments in the farmers’ education and awareness so as to enhance farm incomes and productivity. The special policy thrust on education of women and women farmers is critical to ensuring higher farm incomes and outcomes. Originality/value – The literature on the impact of farmers’ education on rural household agricultural income is very sparse. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this issue has not been addressed before in the Indian context. The author explains the contribution of farmer education to farm income in rural Indian households. The author also revisits the negative relationship between farm income and land size holdings in the Indian agriculture.
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Radoslaw, Pastusiak, Jasiniak Magdalena, Soliwoda Michał, and Stawska Joanna. "What may determine off-farm income? A review." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 8 (August 4, 2017): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/123/2016-agricecon.

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Farming is treated as one of the riskiest businesses. Political decisions, especially these related to the agricultural sector, may be treated as of a great importance. As a consequence, farm owners seek to diversify their sources of income and run other strategies aiming to stabilize their earnings i.e. by off-farm activities. The paper selected key groups of the determinants of the off-farm income with the aim to evaluate the current state and to propose further steps of the detailed analysis. The authors identified the mechanisms how the particular instruments influence farmers’ decisions on generating the off-farm income. It may be concluded that the significance of direct payments is still very high. Subsidies generally discourage farmers from the non-agriculture employment. The influence of socio-demographic characteristics is significant, however, the strength of this impact is determined by the additional factors like the situation in the labour market. In case of environmental determinants, it should be noted that there is a limited group of factors that may be out of control by the farm operators. The value added of the article is an attempt to identify the mechanisms how the particular instruments may influence farmers’ decisions on generating the off-farm income. The article finishes with the authors’ recommendations for further empirical studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture Farm income"

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Persson, Elizabeth P. "Exploring Income Supplementation for Farm Sustainability." ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/478.

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Sustainable farms are critical to United States’ food independence and they positively contribute to the global economy. Farms in the United States are not sustainable without profitable supplemental income. The purpose of this case study was to explore the historic profitability of farm income supplementation methods. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory served as the conceptual framework. A purposive sample of 25 farmers from 5 regions of the continental United States completed semistructured interviews and described their personal experiences. Archival supplemental income data came from the United States Department of Agriculture census. All the data were analyzed using coded keywords, phrases, and concepts to identify the following profitable supplemental income themes: (a) government subsidies, (b) custom work, (c) sales of other products, (d) patronage dividends, (e) insurance payments, (f) cash rent, and (g) agtourism. The implications for positive social change include new insights that farmers may use to improve farm business practice, increase farm sustainability, and improve quality of life for farm families.
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Hitayezu, Felix. "Farm income effects of regional crop specilization in Rwanda." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69532.

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In consideration of the chronic poverty of farmers in Rwanda as well as in other developing countries where self-sufficient agriculture is practiced, this study examines what the well studied theory of specialization and trade, if implemented, could bring to Rwandan farmers in terms of production and profits.
To attain this objective, a spatial optimization model with linear programming was built and used to maximize the potential production and net returns which were compared to those from the traditional system. The model was built in a way that it also shows the pattern of trade and quantities traded.
The results show that a regional specialization system would allow, on the national level, more production, higher net returns, and more trade than the traditional system (self-sufficient agriculture) as expected according to the theory of specialization and trade. Nevertheless, the net return in some regions decreases in the new system, which necessitates a compensation plan for those regions.
However, it has to be noted that despite these gains, the adoption of the new plans requires a consideration of many other factors that are not covered in this study. Of those factors, the most obvious are the need to improve the transportation and marketing infrastructure, changing farmers' attitudes and objectives towards commercial agriculture, and securing equity, security, and sustainability in the system.
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Bai, Dan Molnar Joseph J. "Irrigation, income distribution, and industrialized agriculture in the Southeast United States." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1407.

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Saffert, Andrew Thomas. "An economic analysis of adjusted gross Revenue-Lite insurance on farm income variability for southeast Kansas farms." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/308.

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Gerlt, Scott Westhoff Patrick C. "Analysis of the average crop revenue election program, a representative farm approach." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6559.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 17, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Patrick Westhoff. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wambugu, Stella Njoki. "Farmers' health and agriculture in low income economies : investigating farm households and wider health interactions in rural Malawi." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24945/.

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Cai, Wenbiao. "Skill accumulation and international productivity differences across sectors." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3271.

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Why some countries are so much richer than others is a question of central interest in economics. Low aggregate income per worker in poor countries is mostly accounted for by low labor productivity and high employment in agriculture. This thesis attempts to understand cross-country income difference through examining productivity differences at the sector level - in agriculture and in non-agriculture. Between rich and poor countries, there is a 45-fold difference in agricultural output per worker and a 34-fold difference in mean farm size. In the first chapter, I argue farmer's skill as a plausible explanation for these differences. The model features heterogeneity in innate agricultural skill, on-the-job skill accumulation, and span-of-control in agricultural production. I show that low total factor productivity (TFP) in poor countries not only induces more individuals with low innate skill to choose farming, but also reduces the incentive to accumulate skill. Between rich and poor countries, the model generates substantial difference in farmer's skill, which translates into differences in agricultural productivity and farm size distribution. Quantitatively, the calibrated model explains half of the cross-country differences in agricultural output per worker, and successfully replicates the size distribution of farms in both rich and poor countries. Cross-country productivity differences are asymmetric across sectors. The labor productivity gap between rich and poor countries in agriculture is twice as large as that in the aggregate, and ten times larger than that in non-agriculture. The second chapter shows that these sectoral productivity differences can arise solely from difference in aggregate TFP. I extend the framework in the first chapter to allow for different skill in non-agricultural production as well. Low TFP distorts the allocation of skills across sectors and discourages skill accumulation on the job. To discipline the initial skill distribution and skill accumulation, the model is calibrated to match earnings distribution and age-earnings profiles in both agriculture and non-agriculture in the U.S. The model's implications are then examined using a sample of 70 countries that covers a wide range of development. Between rich and poor countries, the model accounts for most of the productivity differences at the sector level - productivity difference in agriculture in the model is 1.8 times larger than those in the aggregate and 6 times larger than those in non-agriculture. As in the data, the share of farmer in the labor force in the model declines from 85 percent in the poorest countries to less than 2 percent in the richest countries. These results suggest that policy aiming at improving overall efficiency should be prioritized.
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Mtati, Nosiseko. "The relative contribution of non-timber forest products, agriculture and off-farm sources of income to rural households in Koloni and Guquka, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018193.

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[Partial abstract]: This study was carried out to determine the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to household total income, other livelihood sectors were also examined simultaneously. The contribution of agriculture involved livestock and crop production. Wages and government grants were other livelihood sectors that were looked into. This study was important in determining the change in livelihood strategies in the last decade and to quantify the NTFPs used at the two sites. It was carried out in Guquka and Koloni, both part of the central Eastern Cape. Information on direct use value of the NTFPs used, the quantities and local price; crop production outputs and inputs and the costs. Data were collected via a questionnaire.
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Mukoya-Wangia, Sabina M. "Household production, consumption, and food security status in Kakamega region of Kenya /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901310.

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Jette-Nantel, Simon. "Implications of Off-Farm Income for Farm Income Stabilization Policies." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/15.

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This dissertation examines to what extent off-farm diversification may be an appropriate and accessible tool to mitigate the adverse effects from market failures and incompleteness in the crop and farm income insurance market. While the influence of the nonfarm sector has long been recognized as a primary force in shaping farm structure, off-farm income is rarely acknowledge as a risk management tool for operators and households of commercial farms. The dissertation develops a dynamic model that includes capital market imperfections, economies of scale in farm production, and the presence of adjustment costs in labor allocation decisions. The model provides a realistic characterization of the environment defining income and financial risks faced by farm operators, as well as the risk management alternatives available to them. It is found that introducing off-farm labor can substantially mitigate the adverse effects of farm income risk on farm operators' and households' welfare, even for larger commercial farms. However, the diversification of labor by the main operator seems to impose labor and managerial constraints that can reduce the intensity and technical efficiency of the farm production. Alternatively, diversification at the household level through the allocation of spousal labor off the farm provides benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of farm income risk on farm production and efficiency, and on operators and households welfare. It thus provides an efficient risk management alternative that is consistent with most rationales that are invoked to justify farm policies. Results suggest that the increasing incidence and importance of off-farm income within the farm population of most OECD countries is highly relevant in the design of effective farm policies This form of diversification can reduce the need and effectiveness of farm income stabilization polices. While it has been argued elsewhere that broader economic policies had a large influence in closing the income gap between farm and urban households, such policies may also have a role to play in addressing farm income risk issues and, in some cases, may represent more sustainable and efficient policy alternatives.
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Books on the topic "Agriculture Farm income"

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Jack, Taylor. Farm income taxation. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1985.

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O'Byrne, John C. Farm income tax manual. 8th ed. Charlottesville, Va: Michie Co., 1986.

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Canada. Statistics Canada. Agriculture Division. Agriculture economic statistics. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Agriculture/Natural Resources Division, Farm Income and Prices Section, 1986.

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Agriculture, Canada Parliament House of Commons Standing Committee on. Farm input costs: Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture. [Ottawa]: Queen's Printer for Canada, 1987.

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Lee, Clark, and Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on Agriculture., eds. Farm input costs: Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture. [Ottawa]: Queen's Printer for Canada, 1987.

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Matthews, Alan. Farm incomes: Myths and reality. Cork: Cork University Press, 2000.

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Banerjee, Arindam. Peasant classes, farm incomes, and rural indebtedness: An analysis of household production data from two states. Thiruvananthapuram: Centre for Development Studies, 2009.

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Reinsel, Robert D. Aspects of farm finances: Distribution of income, family income, and direct payments, 1986. Washington, DC (1301 New York Ave., NW, Washington 20005-4788): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1990.

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Wilson, Callum J. Incomes from farm diversification in Scotland. Aberdeen: Scottish Agricultural College, Agricultural and Rural Economics Department, 1990.

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Hanson, Gregory D. Alternative measures of farm output to classify farms by size. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agriculture Farm income"

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Peters, G. H. "Farm Income and Farm Management." In Agriculture, 86–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3448-2_7.

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Kuiper, Marijke, Gerdien Meijerink, and Derek Eaton. "Rural Livelihoods: Interplay Between Farm Activities, Non-Farm Activities and the Resource Base." In Science for Agriculture and Rural Development in Low-income Countries, 77–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6617-7_5.

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Tebrügge, F. "No-Tillage Visions- Protection of Soil, Water and Climate and Influence on Management and Farm Income." In Conservation Agriculture, 327–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1143-2_39.

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Ayinde, Taiwo B., Benjamin Ahmed, and Charles F. Nicholson. "Farm-Level Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Reductions for the Predominant Production Systems in Northern Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 875–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_4.

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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different economic sectors in Nigeria and emphasizes those arising from agriculture and forestry. The impacts of climate change on agricultural systems in Nigeria are likely to be large, motivating the need for additional knowledge to assess current practices and formulate appropriate modifications for both mitigation and adaptation. Some current farming practices are believed to be adaptive, but further study would provide better assessments. We also analyzed the trade-offs between household income and GHG emissions at two contrasting sites in northern Nigeria. A farm optimization model maximizing the value of crop, livestock, and tree production activities in a single representative year assessed the potential impacts for GHG reductions of 10% and 25% and the maximum allowable reductions of 26% and 30% on farm activities and income. Emissions reductions of 10% reduced annual household incomes by less than 5% but required substantive changes, especially in livestock owned. Maximum possible GHG emissions reductions (while still meeting minimum household consumption needs) would require marked changes in production pattern and would lower household incomes by 22–44%. We did not assess effects over longer periods, where the role of livestock as a key asset may imply additional negative impacts. Productivity-enhancing technologies that would simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and increase incomes are needed for smallholder farms to play a larger role in climate change mitigation without the burden of reduced incomes and greater risk. This suggests the need for programmatic and policy actions both by national agricultural research systems and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
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Aworh-Ajumobi, Mabel. "Farm animal welfare in the Nigerian context." In Changing human behaviour to enhance animal welfare, 113–24. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247237.0008.

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Abstract This chapter covers ways to improve livestock in low-income areas such as Nigeria with the help of its government overcoming various challenges. Highlights focused on case studies which includes: better welfare practices for polo horses; training farmers on good animal welfare practices; and how to change the behaviour of cattle farmers in Nigeria and other African countries. The chapter also features the work and life in Nigeria of Dr Aworh-Ajumobi, he works as a government veterinarian at the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Abuja.
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Freyer, Bernhard, and Jim Bingen. "Resetting the African Smallholder Farming System: Potentials to Cope with Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_267-1.

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AbstractAgricultural production systems, for example, conservation agriculture, climate smart agriculture, organic agriculture, sustainable landuse management, and others, summarized under the term “sustainable intensification,” have been introduced in African countries to increase productivity and to adapt/mitigate CC (CCAM). But the productivity of smallholder farming systems in Africa remains low. High erosion, contaminated water, threatened human health, reduced soil water, and natural resources functionality, that is, ecosystems services, and decreased biodiversity dominate. Low support in the farm environment is also responsible for this situation.It is hypothesized, based on the huge body of literature on CCAM, that the implementation of already existing arable and plant cultivation methods like crop diversity, alley crops, forage legume-based crop rotations, mulching, organic matter recycling, and reduced tillage intensity will increase CCAM performance and also farm productivity and income. Based on a brief analysis of CCAM relevant arable and plant cultivation methods and agricultural production systems potentials and challenges, this chapter offers guidance for further transforming climate robust African farming systems.
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Freyer, Bernhard, and Jim Bingen. "Resetting the African Smallholder Farming System: Potentials to Cope with Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1441–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_267.

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AbstractAgricultural production systems, for example, conservation agriculture, climate smart agriculture, organic agriculture, sustainable landuse management, and others, summarized under the term “sustainable intensification,” have been introduced in African countries to increase productivity and to adapt/mitigate CC (CCAM). But the productivity of smallholder farming systems in Africa remains low. High erosion, contaminated water, threatened human health, reduced soil water, and natural resources functionality, that is, ecosystems services, and decreased biodiversity dominate. Low support in the farm environment is also responsible for this situation.It is hypothesized, based on the huge body of literature on CCAM, that the implementation of already existing arable and plant cultivation methods like crop diversity, alley crops, forage legume-based crop rotations, mulching, organic matter recycling, and reduced tillage intensity will increase CCAM performance and also farm productivity and income. Based on a brief analysis of CCAM relevant arable and plant cultivation methods and agricultural production systems potentials and challenges, this chapter offers guidance for further transforming climate robust African farming systems.
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Vieri, Marco, Daniele Sarri, Stefania Lombardo, Marco Rimediotti, Riccardo Lisci, Valentina De Pascale, Eleonora Salvini, Carolina Perna, and Andrea Pagliai. "The digital revolution in agriculture: why we talk about a new paradigm." In Manuali – Scienze Tecnologiche, 3. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-044-3.03.

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The new paradigm of digitization and high technologies is considered fundamental in the next CAP that aims to foster effectively the 5 goals of sustainability: increasing competitiveness; assuring food safety and quality; maintaining a fair standard of living for agricultural communities stabilizing farm incomes; better integrate environmental goals into CAP; develop alternative job and income opportunities for farmers and their families. Climate change makes essential to strongly implement the approach to a Sustainable Precision farming and the development of all innovative technologies that must be appropriate and scaled in the specificity of the business model that can be pursued by an agri-entrepreneur.
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Katondo, Richard J. M., and Agnes M. S. Nyomora. "The role of ecosystem services in enhancing climate change resilience of local communities: the case of Ngarambe-Tapika Wildlife Management Area, Rufiji district, Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 169–79. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0169.

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Abstract This study examined the role of ecosystem services in enhancing climate change resilience of local communities in Ngarambe-Tapika Wildlife Management Area (WMA). The study aimed to identify forms of ecosystem services that can be gained from conservation of a WMA in relation to climate change adaptation. The design for this study adopted both a quantitative and a qualitative research approach. The study was undertaken in Ngarambe-Tapika WMA located between latitude 39° S and 39°30' S and between longitude 12°30' E and 13° E. It is located alongside the north-eastern border of the Selous Game Reserve. The area is also the home of local people whose lifestyles and livelihoods are intricately tied to the biological diversity and the functioning of this natural system. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting respondents for the household questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. This study found that income obtained from Ngarambe-Tapika ecosystems by the communities were invested in material welfare and livelihoods that enhance resilience to climate change, primarily social services (54.9%) such as construction of houses, dispensaries and rehabilitation of the primary schools, and some of the money was spent on electricity provision for the community and energy for light and water pumps. Other benefits included employment (16.5%), protection from dangerous and problematic wildlife (14.3%) and petty business (14.3%). Generally, in Ngarambe-Tapika WMA there is a need to emphasize conservation awareness and extension programmes which advocate sustainable utilization of wildlife resources, and adopt an integrated approach of climate-smart agriculture to address the challenges related to food insecurity and climate change and variability. The latter would enable increased agricultural productivity to support equitable increases in farm incomes, improve food security and build resilience of agricultural and food security systems to adapt to climate change and variability.
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Hamada, Youssef M. "Climatic Impacts on Crop Yields and Net Farm Incomes." In Agribusiness as the Future of Agriculture, 99–124. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429321702-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agriculture Farm income"

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Boháčiková, Andrea, Tatiana Bencová, and Zuzana Kapustová. "THE EFFECT OF INCOME STABILISATION TOOL ON SLOVAK AGRICULTURE." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2020.33.

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Managing income risk in agriculture is one of the important issues for farmers and policy makers nowadays. There exist a set of instruments and mechanisms for farmers to face the income volatility, including the individual or public support. Under II Pillar, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) offers the support for less favoured farms in the way of insurance, mutual fund, and Income stabilisation tool. The Income Stabilisation Tool (IST) represents the compensation to farmers for a “severe drop” in income, if the farm experienced an income loss of more than 30% compared to the 3-years average or the Olympic average of the preceding five-year income realizations. However, none of the EU countries has been currently using the tool operationally. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the potential effect of the Income Stabilisation Tool on mitigation of income risk in Slovak agriculture. The results of the paper show the existing possibility to improve financial situation and reduce the income inequality of particular Slovak farms in the future.
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CIMPOIES, Liliana, and Elena SEMENOVA. "THE INDIVIDUAL SECTOR OF AGRICULTURE IN MOLDOVA AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.114.

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Moldovan agriculture is still characterized by a pronounced structural dualism with a very large number of small-scale family farms. The accentuated poverty makes rural economy to flow more and more to a natural subsistence economy, isolating itself from the market economy. The scope of the paper is to assess the farm performance and its contribution to the development of rural areas. The research analysis is based on national statistics and survey data of 723 farms. In order to assess farm performance technical efficiency (TE) and stochastic frontier analysis is used. The contribution of different types of income on the farm development level is analysed through regression analysis. Increasing of farm performance through a higher efficiency and competitiveness could be regarded as the key solution to the low income problem of rural families.
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A, Al Hinai, and Jayasuriya H. "Agricultural Sustainability through Agritourism in Oman and Potentials for Adoption." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1008.

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Most Middle Eastern countries are geographically located in arid or semi-arid climatic conditions. Agricultural practices have not been impressive in achieving sustainability in these countries. With the changing geopolitical undercurrents, these countries with the GCC countries as part of the Middle East are facing fluctuating economies as the oil price has become fragile and unstable. Oman's economy is heavily depending on hydrocarbons, and looking at other contribution sectors is necessary. The contribution from the agricultural sector is comparatively insignificant, but it explicitly diversified arid cropping systems and unique to the country. The agricultural production activities are often done with unique cultural practices, and this sector can be attractive to tourists. The tourism industry is considered a potential sector for boosting the economy that is aligned with Oman Vision 2040 strategy. This paper aims to investigate the potential of agritourism in different regions in Oman for adoption as a new venture. Different agricultural sites and products for promoting agritourism are selected for the study. The farm characteristic and activities at different agricultural sites are identified. The prediction number of agritourists and the farm income are calculated. The results of this study show that the selected agricultural sites in this study indicated highly potential for agritourism. Salalah is the best agritourism destination with predicated annual agritourists 188,000 and US$5 m of farm income. Agritourism would assist in achieving agricultural sustainability through product value-addition, which would open access to global markets and improve the livelihood of farmers
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Gül Yavuz, Gonca, Bülent Miran, and Tijen Özüdoğru. "Cereals Producers’ Agricultural Aims and Their Tendencies to Sustain Agricultural Production in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01341.

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The change in income level and urbanization bring a different dimension to the demand to agricultural products from the food habits to supply food, increase the attention to the cereals production and enhance the agricultural effect of cereals which are the main food source of people and are used as feed and in industry. Cereals have the biggest share in agricultural production in terms of both production volume and sowing area in Turkey which produces a lot of agricultural products thanks to the climate and soil characteristics. In this study, in Turkey which is globally an important actor in cereals production and trade, the aims of producers in agricultural production and the factors in the process of making decision toward sustaining production are studied by the best-worst analysis method. Also, the relationship between the sustainability of the agriculture and cereals production, and the individual characteristics and farm structures of producers are examined by bivariate probit analysis method. In this context, study is conducted by 961 producers with face-to-face surveys in 14 provinces. According to the results, while “to increase living standards” is the most important agricultural aim, “good crop price” is the most important factor for sustainability of the agriculture. Moreover, education, agricultural experiences, household size, cereals area and total farm land are determined as the effective factors on sustainability.
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Naglis-Liepa, Kaspars, Dzidra Kreismane, Laima Berzina, Olga Frolova, and Elita Aplocina. "Integrated farming: the way to sustainable agriculture in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.003.

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Agricultural production is currently at a crossroads due to the need to balance the requirements of climate, biodiversity, air quality, and access to food health, farmers' incomes and economic conditions. These demands are often controversial, and the goals of policy makers are contradictory. Sustainability in agriculture needs to be put into practice. The concept of sustainable agriculture is based on agro-ecology and a system approach and aims to promote sustainable, resilient, cost-effective and stable farming systems. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature and the current situation, the paper authors have concluded that a logical path to sustainability is integrated agriculture. It is a whole farm management system that allows farmers to identify opportunities and threats and act accordingly, while also taking into account the interests of consumers in their business. The paper aims to outline the role of integrated agriculture in the development of sustainable agriculture based on the analysis of the relevant scientific literature and the current situation. Integrated management is the knowledge-based management of all available resources integrated farms are able to provide climate benefits, provide more diverse (especially pasture) land management, farm animals have a higher quality of life and survival.
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ZALECKIENĖ, Jurgita. "STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF FARMER’S FARMS: CASE STUDY OF LITHUANIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.151.

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Due to historical circumstances, the development of Lithuanian commercial farmer’s farms is slow; however, farmer’s farms are very important to the vitality of rural areas while developing agricultural commodities and goods. The purpose of this article – to analyze the structural changes in farmer’s farms and present the directions of future development. Structural changes in Lithuanian farmer’s farms during the 2005 – 2015 timeframe were analyzed while looking at the diagnostic indicators, which are the following: the number of farmer’s farms, the structure of farmer’s farms according to their size, the activity units of farmer’s farms, age of farmers, farmer’s farms sources of income. In order to study the statistical data, methods of systemization, logical analysis and generalization were applied. The analysis of the statistical data suggests that the following structural changes are taking place in Lithuanian farmer’s farms: the number of registered farmer’s farms increases and the farmers’ are getting younger. One of the most significant factors causing the structural changes in holdings – the EU financial support for the agricultural development and the changing customer demands. More and more often rural areas perform residential function and new living areas are developed. There is a predominance of the small farms (up to 10 hectares). This is mainly a result of the reform in agricultural sector at the end of 20th century. Many small agricultural holdings were established due to this reform. However, significant changes occur while choosing and/or combining the activity units of the farm: the number of farms specializing in crops increases, the number of the holdings focusing on livestock and combined farming (crops and livestock) is declining; also, farmer’s farms with diversified income or the activity units grow in number. Limited opportunities to intensify agricultural production in small farmer’s farms caused the fact that activities or income were diversified. The model of family farm remains; however, the relation between activity and the usage of family’s labour in farm activity changes.
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WOJEWODZIC, Tomasz, Wojciech SROKA, and Aleksandra PŁONKA. "LOCAL CONDITIONS OF PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC DISAGRARIZATION OF FARMS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.050.

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Evolution of agrarian systems in countries with fragmented agricultural area structure leads to a decrease in the number of farms and an increase in the area and effectiveness of entities developing their activity. It is necessary to find out the causes of disagrarization - a process that is manifested at the macroeconomic level in reduced significance of agriculture in the national economy, among other things, and reduced importance of agricultural incomes in the economy of the countryside and a part of farms at the microeconomic level - in order to effectively impact ongoing changes that often affect the whole regions. The paper is an attempt to identify the factors determining the intensity of the process of the production and economic disagrarization of farms in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Calculation procedures performed using the zero unitarization method and Data Mining tools enabled assessment of the intensity of the phenomenon analysed in the different territorial units (gminas), and identification of factors that have the biggest impact on its intensity. Using the process of modelling by the C&RT method it has been found out that the characteristics that describe the agrarian structure historically, i.e. intensity of the organisation of agriculture, fragmentation of the agrarian structure, had a big impact on differentiation of gminas in terms of the intensity of disagrarization. High intensity of the organisation of agriculture combined with good environmental conditions is conducive to the retention of production functions of agriculture in a given area. With low intensity of the organisation of agriculture and very large fragmentation of the agrarian structure, the intensity of disagrarization was very often determined by characteristics typical of periurban areas or tourist attractions, i.e. increase in population density and increase in the number of residential buildings. Urban development of a given territorial unit stimulated processes of exiting agriculture.
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Stepien, Sebastian, and Jan Polcyn. "Market integration as a determinant of agricultural prices and economic results of small-scale family farms." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.053.

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Due to the specific features of the land factor, under market conditions, there is a tendency towards income deprivation of farms in relation to their surroundings. One way to improve this situation is to create a system of market institutions for farmer-recipient transactions. The issue of the position of the agricultural producer in the food supply chain is widely described in the literature on the subject. Nevertheless, practical analyses showing the real impact of the marketing position on economic results of farm are still rare. Therefore, the aim of this article is to assess the relationship between market integration and agricultural selling prices and, as a consequence, the level of global output and household income. The analysis is based on primary data from surveys of over 700 small-scale family farms in Poland. The choice of small-scale farms was deliberate, as these entities are the most discriminated against in the food supply chain. Explaining this process is key to improving the economic situation of small-scale farming and constitutes a premise for the objectives of agricultural policy and creating business strategy. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive correlation between the level of integration of an agricultural holding and sales prices for selected groups of agricultural products. This, in turn, leads to the improvement of economic condition of farms more closely integrated with the market.
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Durgun, Özlem. "Herbal Production in the Turkish Agricultural Sector." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00573.

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Agricultural production depends on natural conditions. All the countries try to stabilize and increase the food supply for communities. For this reason, the agriculture sector, support policies analyzed and conducted well. In agricultural support policies, there are different objectives like raising farm incomes, production and productivity. In Turkey, agricultural is very important. Because certain part of the population of Turkey live in rural areas. There are agricultural activities. They support those living in urban areas, especially in times of crisis. People living in rural areas, as well as food and labor force ready for those living in urban areas. In 2001 is an important milestone in Turkish agricultural policies. Before 2001, agricultural support policies consisted of mainly market price support, credit support and input subsidies. New policies started to be implemented after 2001. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of success in the new agricultural support policies in the context of the agreement with the European Union. We tried to find the best way to deal with the current main problems of Turkish Agricultural Sector in last year's.
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NOWAK, Anna, Artur KRUKOWSKI, and Hanna KLIKOCKA. "CHANGES IN THE PROFITABILITY OF FARMS IN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES – CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE?" In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.092.

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This paper aimed at evaluating the differences within the European Union (EU) regarding profitability of farms and answering the question whether in 2007-2015 any trends at convergence of their income position occurred between member states. The survey covered farms maintaining farm accounts under FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) in 27 member states of the EU. Convergence was evaluated based on the coefficient of variation (sigma convergence) and the relative index of variation in respective member states of the EU in comparison to the EU average in the analyzed period (beta convergence). The surveys point to large disparities in the level of profitability between farms in European Union member states. The highest profitability of work was recorded in countries such as Luxembourg, Netherlands, Ireland, Italy and Belgium. In all new member states the analyzed ratio was relatively low and none of them exceeded the average level for the EU. In 2015 the lowest profitability of land was characteristic of Slovakia, Estonia and Denmark, whereas the highest income per 1 ha was achieved by agricultural producers in Malta, Italy and Greece. In the analysed period no clear trends were observed in convergence or in profitability of work or profitability of land, which means that inequalities between countries with a different level of agricultural development did not disappear.
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Reports on the topic "Agriculture Farm income"

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Adelaja, Adesoji, Justin George, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Titus Awokuse, Adebayo Aromolaran, and Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie. How Conflicts Affect Land Expansion by Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.015.

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The expansion of smallholder farms into larger farm sizes is a key strategy for growing agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. This strategy could simultaneously expand farm incomes while addressing poverty since the majority of farms in sub-Saharan Africa are smallholder farms. There is limited existing research on the possible role of conflicts in stymying the ability of smallholder farmers to transition into larger-scale farming and on the impacts of conflicts in areas that are not directly within active conflict zones. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of conflict on the ability of smallholder farmers to transition to larger scales in two regions that are not in a traditional conflict zone, by developing a household utility maximisation model to explain choices made by farm households in response to conflict.
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Hemming, David J., Ephraim W. Chirwa, Holly J. Ruffhead, Rachel Hill, Janice Osborn, Laurenz Langer, Luke Harman, Chris Coffey, Andrew Dorward, and Daniel Phillips. Agricultural input subsidies for improving productivity, farm income, consumer welfare and wider growth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/sr51062.

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