Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture – Gabon'
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Ovono, Edzang Noël. "Innovations et mutations agricoles dans les provinces du Woleu-Ntem et de l'Estuaire(Gabon)." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30033.
Full textGabon which mainly produces oil, minerals and wood, is one of the African countries where agriculture was very little developped. The end of the 1980s has been marked by a financial crisis due to the decrease in the price of oil barrels and to the drop of value of the dollar. This crisis will make people turning back to the land and agricultural activity. The aim of this research is to identify and locate the new agricultural activities. The development of the natural rubber in the Woleu-Ntem and the emergence of urbain and periurban agriculture in the province of Estuaire have been our main themes of research. The factors of market gardening all around Libreville have been approached as well as the question of land and the food dependence of Estuaire
Galley, Yawo-Ganyo. "Le Gabon peut-il se nourrir ?" Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/droit_lettres/2010REIML001.pdf.
Full textThe 2007-2008 world food crisis, once again, has somewhat laid emphasis on the serious handicap of the Gabonese agricultural sector, though seen as the top priority of the economy. Gabon is undoubtedly one of the rare Sub-Saharan countries where agriculture, cattle breeding and fishing combined are less than 6% of the GDP. The dominating feature of oil, mining activities and the inadequate agricultural policy of the authorities (with a clear agricultural option) have ended up creating not only a deep gap between the various branches of the economy, but also resulted in a tremendous urban growth. Those changes have occurred to the detriment of the Gabonese rural area, emptied of its most valid forces. In the food-producing sector, the agricultural methods have remained unchanged, rudimentary and hardly productive. Despite their recent setting up of a market gardening belt around the main towns (especially Libreville), Gabonese peasants still lack dynamism and competitiveness. Their incapacity to draw substantial revenues from their activities and save money cripples their effort to contribute to the economic growth of the country. All the agricultural parameters are on the wane and keep the national output below the food needs of the populations, which makes Gabon depend on foreign foodstuffs heavily
Magnagna, Nguema Viviane. "Croissance de l'agriculture paysanne et équilibre général de l'économie gabonaise : évaluation des politiques à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010028.
Full textSoengas, López Beatriz. "La subsistance des Pygmées Bakoya à l'épreuve de l'agriculture : dynamique des savoirs ethnobotaniques et des pratiques (département de la Zadié, Ogooué-Ivindo, Gabon)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0009.
Full textOriginally semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers, Bakoya Pygmies now live in villages located along the roads and practice agriculture. The subject of my thesis is the study of the effects of changing of livelihood on Bakoya ethnobotanical knowledge corpus. I conducted a comparative and synchronic study among two Bakoya communities, Imbong and Ekata. I analyzed how folk ethnobotanical knowledge varies according to age and sex among Bakoya in the two villages. The same research protocol was also applied to their non-Pygmy neighbours, thus allowing a comparison between Pygmy and non-Pygmy tribes. In a first time, I conducted a full ethnographic study. In a second time, I used a quantitative approach to investigate how ethnobotanical knowledge related to subsistence activities are distributed and transmitted
Ondo, Jean Aubin. "Vulnérabilité des sols maraîchers du Gabon (région de Libreville) : acidification et mobilité des éléments métalliques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10097/document.
Full textUrbanization is growing rapidly worldwide, especially in Africa. Feed this urban population requires to double agricultural production before 2030. One of solution seems to be urban agriculture. Gabon, like other African countries, is experiencing a boom of urban agriculture, particularly in Libreville. But no concrete study of the impact of urban agriculture on the bio-physico-chemical properties and behavior of metals in soils has yet been carried out in the country. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the impact of urban gardening on soil properties, and the presence of metals in soils and crops.The urban gardening is practiced under cover or in open air and some factors hinder its development (instruction level of gardeners, land insecurity, fertilizers, limited access to water ...). Soils in Libreville are sandy-loam or clay-sandy-loam. The content of metals is generally low and the risk of contamination in the food is limited. Soils cultivated for less than 10 years and soils cultivated under cover do not undergo a significant impact of agricultural practices. In contrast, soils cultivated in open air for at least 10 years are acidified, their fertility parameters and metal content decreasing significantly. The pH is correlated with the chemical speciation of metals and there is a good mobility of Mn, Pb and Zn in soils. Metal content in vegetables grown in Libreville was below the limits allowed by the FAO. Amaranth and sorrel accumulated many metals, especially in the leaves that are consumed parts. The simulation of the liming of agricultural soils cultivated in open air for at least 10 years with the PHREEQC software shows that stabilization to pH 6-7 would improve soils fertility. Some experiments in situ and in laboratory are needed to confirm these results and other mineral and/or organics inputs tests
Okoundzi, Jérôme. "Organisation sociale, systèmes de production et perspectives de développement économique dans le bassin de la Sébé, Gabon." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20020.
Full textThe village agriculture of the Sébé area is ecological and biological; it can become an asset in the future debates over the ecological and biological agronomy if the economic concerns follow the mentalities and the current philosophy that promotes wholesome food. It appears that economically and socially, the inhabitants of the Sébé area remain viable and capable of producing surplus goods/products/crop, provided that these ones have a reliable and continuous purchaser. There is a particular lack of economic infrastructures to this village economy. This is why we have offered to create a local and inter-village organization that will launch the economic development. This organization will be some kind of interface capable of leading the village dwellers to the transition from a domestic village economy to a national economy of market. We have named this local organization "AUDACE"; it could also be a new conception of the village economy. The results of a survey that we made among young educated people confirm that the rural economy in Gabon is still distincly contrasted with the urban economy. Not only does our proposal value a local development that should adapt the village dwellers to the national economy of market, but it also reconstructs social relations by redefining the dichotomous roles of men and women
Nyama, Abraham. "Les villages des régions de Ndendé (Gabon) et Divenié (Congo) : essai d'étude comparée de 1934 à 1995." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010568.
Full textTsamoye, Pacôme. "La mondialisation des échanges agricoles : quels impacts sur la sécurité alimentaire au Gabon et au Cameroun ?" Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3031.
Full textBlaney, Sonia. "Contribution des ressources naturelles à la sécurité alimentaire et à l'état nutritionnel d'une population rurale d'une aire protégée du Gabon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25351/25351.pdf.
Full textSello, Madoungou Leticia. "Le monde rural gabonais entre production et conservation." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU1002/document.
Full textGabonese rural world is an area largely emptied of its populations, subjected for a long time to the pressures of the forestry development and, for about more than twenty years, to a very voluntary conservation policy. We have wanted to study the impact of these pressures on the contemporary rural world by focusing our work particularly on the conservation areas. It is in the province of Ogooué-Ivindo, around three national parks (Ivindo, Mwagné and Lopé) that we examined the activities of conservation and production, the actors involved as well as the conflicts which result from them. The history widely unfavorable to the rural world, the unequal distribution of wealth, infrastructures and services, benefiting almost exclusively the cities to the detriment of the rural areas and the conservation policies too binding for the rural populations have made it difficult for villages to survive. In despite of all this, they still exist - largely thanks to the local tradition. But, can possible solutions such as the attribution of community forests, introduced recently by the Gabonese state, bring villages back to life and make rural populations participate in the process of developing their localities? Beyond this question, this thesis seeks to initiate a process of reflection on possible actions to stop the extinction of the Gabonese villages
Boussougou, Alain. "La concentration des populations dans les anciens chantiers d'exploitation forestière en Afrique centrale : Esquisse d’une anthropologie des rapports à la forêt dans les territoires recomposés au Cameroun et au Gabon." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H011/document.
Full textThis thesis reports on the nature of the relationship to the forest of former employees migrants settled in the former logging camps. It is deployed on a dual approach diachronic and synchronic. The diachronic approach is divided into two time scales: the "pre-industrial age" and "industrial age". This fragmentation of the past this work has provided two of the three parts on which it is articulated. Regarding the first temporality, it reconstructs the living conditions of populations and the mode of management predominate in the forest before installation and the influence of the forest industry. The analysis reveals that "the pre-industrial age" people lived mainly in the forest and they managed sustainably. The second, puts the populations in the world of work sites and demonstrates that with the creation of wage employment, the latter, did longer perceived the forest as a fundamental economic alternative. It sheds light on social dynamics imported by the rise of wage labor: the modernization of localities, changing patterns of living, social needs, attitudes and the easing of relations of dependence of households to the forest. It puts forward the central role of employment in maintaining pressure on household forest land resources. The latter approach leans on the post-employment and examines the return of populations to the massive exploitation of the forest because of the widespread insecurity and lack of alternatives. Thus, after carrying out the comparison of two approaches used, the thesis leads to the assertion of the existence of non-sustainable management of forests in the old workings
Bourobou-Bourobou, Henri. "Biologie et domestication de quelques arbres fruitiers de la forêt du Gabon." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20078.
Full textBekale, B' Eyeghe Fidèle. "Politique agricole en Afrique Subsaharienne : le Gabon vers la souveraineté alimentaire?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30011.
Full textHaving a spectacular urban population growth and an overdrawn food-producing agriculture (farming), Sub-Saharan Africa cannot feed the totality of its inhabitants any more. This is the result of development policies set up since independence. To face a continuous increasing food demand, especially in urban zones, sub-saharan countries in general, and Gabon in particular -thanks to its economy of pension- rely on massive import of food products, often from far abroad and incompatible with the food habits and\or habits and customs of the endogenous populations. However, Gabon, unlike most of sub-saharan countries, disposes of important agricultural potentialities susceptible to insure today its food sovereignty (climate, vegetation, grounds, water system, low density of population, etc.). But the recent world economic crisis, which is at the origin of an unprecedented international food crisis, causing riots of hunger in several sub-saharan countries, is once again calling the vigorous attention of not only African authorities, but also of the whole international community regarding a fierce urgency to promote the development local food-producing agriculture in Africa. In fact, the fragility of the global food safety, the geopolitical strategies of Western countries, the international agricultural speculation and the situation of the African savings guided our reflection on the excessive food dependence of sub-saharan countries, as for Gabon, and led us revisit in this thesis what could be a policy of food sovereignty. Considering what precedes, this strategic approach appears as a political, economic, cultural and environmental necessity if we intend to break or limit the most as possible the excessive food dependence and insure a sustainable development in this region in general and Gabon in particular
Makessi, Jacqueline. "L'impact des difficultés d'approvisionnement en matières premières sur la qualité du produit des PME du secteur agro-industriel au Gabon /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textRobillard, Marine. "Pygmées Baka et voisins dans la tourmente des politiques environnementales en Afrique centrale." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863420.
Full textIraba, Amandine. "Caractérisation de populations de ray-grass anglais (Lolium perenne L.) à gazon sélectionnées pour une tolérance au gel supérieure." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29939/29939.pdf.
Full textFor the improvement of perennial ryegrass freezing tolerance, a recurrent selection method based on freezing stress entirely performed indoors was applied on two initial genetic backgrounds. After four cycles of selection, progresses were assessed in plants cold-hardened under natural variation of temperatures. Our results showed improved freezing tolerance in populations recurrently selected indoors. We also observed significant changes in the levels of cryoprotectants components in response to selection. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) and amino acids levels showed an opposite response to selection. Whereas NSCs levels were higher in the initial populations, amino acids were more abundant in the advanced selections. Moreover, the observation of DNA polymorphisms and the progressive genetic differentiation between the initial populations and the recurrent selections suggest an enrichment of adaptive alleles in response to selection.
Taschereau, Élisabeth. "Écologie saisonnière de la tipule européenne (Diptère : Tipulidae), insecte ravageur des graminées à gazon sur les terrains de golf de la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24924/24924.pdf.
Full textDelenne, Carole. "Extraction et caractérisation des vignes à partir de données de télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale : application en Languedoc-Roussillon pour la constitution de bases de données géographiques." Paris, ENGREF, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130407.
Full textThis work aims to meet the vineyard managers' needs for information, using very high spatial resolution aerial images. Three methods have been developed and compared for vine plot detection. They are based on oriented and periodical texture recognition using either a cooccurrence analysis (Haralick's contrast index) or a frequency analysis (Fourier transform and Gabor's filters). The Fourier transform calculation on a sliding window provides the best results with plot segmentation in polygons as well as a precise estimation of row orientation and interrow distance. These characteristics enable the extraction and detailed study of each vine row, designed to: 1) improve definition of plots contours, 2) detect missing vine plants and 3) characterize inter-rows. Most of the users' needs have been met during this PhD study thanks to the implementation of a semi-automatic tool for vine plot detection, segmentation and characterization
Delenne, Carole. "EXTRACTION ET CARACTERISATION DES VIGNES A PARTIR DE DONNEES DE TELEDETECTION A TRES HAUTE RESOLUTION SPATIALE. APPLICATION EN LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON POUR LA CONSTITUTION DE BASES DE DONNEES GEOGRAPHIQUES." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130407.
Full textSimard, Louis. "Distribution, abondance et écologie saisonnière des principaux insectes ravageurs du gazon sur les terrains de golf du Québec et évaluation du potentiel de contrôle des nématodes entomopathogènes indigènes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24118/24118.pdf.
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