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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture – Gabon'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Legault, Danielle, and Logan Cochrane. "Forests to the Foreigners: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Gabon." Land 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040420.

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For the past decade, the land rush discourse has analyzed foreign investment in land and agriculture around the world, with Africa being a continent of particular focus due to the scale of acquisitions that have taken place. Gabon, a largely forested state in Central Africa, has been neglected in the land rush conversations, despite having over half of its land allocated to forestry, agriculture, and mining concessions. This paper draws on existing evidence and contributes new empirical data through expert interviews to fill this critical knowledge gap. We situate Gabon’s historic relationship with land, establishing the intrinsic relationship between colonial land tenure systems and present-day land rights. Our findings analyze the macro context of investors and investments, as well as the impacts related to rural–urban linkages and infrastructure development into the forests, civil society, human–environment relationships, and certification programs. While challenges continue to be experienced, the promise of Gabon’s first national land use plan—the use of sustainable concessions and mandatory forestry certification—offers a unique opportunity for Gabon to transition towards a future that better benefits its population while also protecting its natural resources.

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2

Burton, Mark E. H., John R. Poulsen, Michelle E. Lee, Vincent P. Medjibe, Christopher G. Stewart, Arun Venkataraman, and Lee J. T. White. "Reducing Carbon Emissions from Forest Conversion for Oil Palm Agriculture in Gabon." Conservation Letters 10, no. 3 (June 24, 2016): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12265.

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3

Ondo, Aubin, Pascale Prudent, Catherine Massiani, Menye Biyogo, Mariane Domeizel, Jacques Rabier, and François Eba. "Impact of urban gardening in equatorial zone on soils and metal transfer to vegetables." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 7 (2013): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc120915116o.

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This study aimed at assessing the impact of urban agriculture on physicochemical soil properties and the metal uptake by some leafy vegetables cultivated in urban soils of Libreville, Gabon. Cultivated and uncultivated top-soil and vegetable samples were collected on two urban garden sites, and analyzed. The results showed that there was strong acidification and a decrease of nutrient and metal concentrations in soils due of agricultural practices. The metal transfer to plants was important, with the exception of iron. The non-essential metal cadmium and lead were not detectable in plant tissues. Amaranth accumulated more metals than other vegetables. Amaranth and Roselle were vegetables that preferentially concentrated metals in their leaves and can therefore be used for metal supplementation in food chain.

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4

Tyukavina, Alexandra, Matthew C. Hansen, Peter Potapov, Diana Parker, Chima Okpa, Stephen V. Stehman, Indrani Kommareddy, and Svetlana Turubanova. "Congo Basin forest loss dominated by increasing smallholder clearing." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaat2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2993.

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A regional assessment of forest disturbance dynamics from 2000 to 2014 was performed for the Congo Basin countries using time-series satellite data. Area of forest loss was estimated and disaggregated by predisturbance forest type and direct disturbance driver. An estimated 84% of forest disturbance area in the region is due to small-scale, nonmechanized forest clearing for agriculture. Annual rates of small-scale clearing for agriculture in primary forests and woodlands doubled between 2000 and 2014, mirroring increasing population growth. Smallholder clearing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo alone accounted for nearly two-thirds of total forest loss in the basin. Selective logging is the second most significant disturbance driver, contributing roughly 10% of regional gross forest disturbance area and more than 60% of disturbance area in Gabon. Forest loss due to agro-industrial clearing along the Gulf of Guinea coast more than doubled in the last half of the study period. Maintaining natural forest cover in the Congo Basin into the future will be challenged by an expected fivefold population growth by 2100 and allocation of industrial timber harvesting and large-scale agricultural development inside remaining old-growth forests.

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5

Meunier, Quentin, Sylvie Boldrini, Carl Moumbogou, Amélie Morin, Sostène Ibinga, and Cédric Vermeulen. "Place de l'agriculture itinérante familiale dans la foresterie communautaire au Gabon." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 319, no. 319 (January 1, 2014): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.319.a20553.

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L'agriculture itinérante reste un système de production partagé par une grande majorité de groupes ethnolinguistiques, et appelé à se maintenir au Gabon. Elle s'exprime généralement dans un rayon de cinq kilomètres autour de l'unité de résidence. Au Gabon, cette zone est précisément celle destinée à accueillir depuis fin 2013 les premières forêts communautaires. Les préceptes de durabilité qui sous-tendent la notion de forêt communautaire impliquent le maintien d'un couvert forestier et pourraient entrer en contradiction avec la pratique de cette agriculture itinérante. Celle-ci prélève en effet, à chaque saison, un volume de bois soustrait au potentiel du massif concerné. Les plans simples de gestion des forêts communautaires prévoient une série agricole pour ne pas mettre en concurrence deux activités sur un même espace. Cela permet également de reconnaître la place socio-économique importante de l'agriculture en milieu rural. L'agroforesterie est une des clés pour articuler l'agriculture familiale et l'exploitation de la forêt communautaire. Conserver sur pied des arbres d'intérêt économique, social ou environnemental, d'une part, épargne de pénibles travaux d'abattage et, d'autre part, limite quantitativement l'impact de la coupe et du brûlis qui n'est plus systématique. L'introduction d'essences utiles, rares, protégées ou encore de bois d'oeuvre permet également d'élever la valeur économique et patrimoniale des parcelles agricoles tout en répondant aux exigences en matière de conservation et de durabilité du plan simple de gestion de la forêt communautaire. Par ce biais, l'agriculture familiale coutumière est pérennisée et sécurisée dans l'enceinte d'une portion de forêt légalement reconnue tandis que les techniques culturales y sont optimisées.

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6

Cheek, Martin, Barthélemy Tchiengué, and Xander van der Burgt. "Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon." PeerJ 9 (February 11, 2021): e10689. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10689.

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This is the first revision in more than 100 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Closely related to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2-3-locular ovary (vs. unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (vs. exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (asexually reproductive) roots (vs. sessile, roots non-viviparous), lack of laticifers (vs. laticifers present) and differences in spadix: spathe proportions and presentation. However, it is possible that a well sampled molecular phylogenetic analysis might show that one of these genera is nested inside the other. In this case the synonymisation of Pseudohydrosme will be required. Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognising Pseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section, Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese but probably extending to Congo, is maintained in Sect. Pseudohydrosme together with Pseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Littoral Region, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area. The discovery of Pseudohydrosme ebo resulted from a series of surveys for conservation management in Cameroon, and triggered this article. All three species are morphologically characterised, their habitat and biogeography discussed, and their extinction risks are respectively assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), Endangered and Critically Endangered using the IUCN standard. Clearance of forest habitat for logging, followed by agriculture or urbanisation are major threats. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis may occur in a formally protected area and is also cultivated widely but infrequently in Europe, Australia and the USA for its spectacular inflorescences.

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7

Ondo, Jean, Pascale Prudent, Catherine Massiani, Patrick Höhener, and Pierre Renault. "Effects of agricultural practices on properties and metal content in urban garden soils in a tropical metropolitan area." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 1 (2014): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130121068o.

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The appearance of agriculture in urban areas improved the healthy diet of people by the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. This study assessed the level of fertility, the impact of cropping system and of exploitation time on physicochemical properties and pseudo-total and EDTA-extractable metals contents of urban garden of vegetable soils in Libreville (Gabon). The results indicated a low fertility of cultivated soils. The metal contents in soils were generally different between culture in open field and culture under shelters. Except Al which could be toxic for cultivated vegetables, the soil properties and metal element concentrations decreased significantly in open field soil with time, while they did not vary in open shade structure soils. The pseudo-total cadmium concentration was below detection limits in all soils. The multivariate analysis showed that Al, Fe and Pb were of lithogenic origin, and Cu, Zn and Mn were of anthropogenic origin.

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8

Yobo, C. Mikolo, D. M. Iponga, J. C. Tieguhong, N. Nssi Bengone, and A. Ngoye. "Exploring gender dynamics, economics and perceptions of the vulnerability of the bush mango value chain in three provinces of Gabon." International Forestry Review 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820830405654.

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This study conducted around three provinces of Gabon (Estuaire, Ngounié, and Nyanga) aims at exploring gender dynamics, economics, and vulnerability perceptions in the bush mango value chain by analyzing male-female roles and relationships. Interviews were randomly conducted with 174 actors as follows: 132 (Estuaire), 12 (Ngounié), and 30 (Nyanga) provinces using a semi-structured questionnaire and field observations. Women headed households dominate harvesting (21.8%), processing/trading (10.3%) and trading stages (55.2%) compared to men harvesting (7.5%), processing/trading (0.6%) and trading (4.6%). Women tend to generate relatively higher annual gross average income (1.4 million FCFA per annum), which is 1.7 times higher than that of men. Poor management of resources, the lack of harvesting norms, logging-driven deforestation, and slash-and-burn agriculture are among the perceived factors threatening the value chain. Targeted policy and actions on a gender perspective are suggested to reduce income inequality between men and women along the value chain. A long-term ecological study to monitor changes over forest resources use is crucial before carrying out any mitigating measures based on cultivation and domestication in the study areas.

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9

Walters, G., E. Ngagnia Ndjabounda, D. Ikabanga, J. P. Biteau, O. Hymas, L. J. T. White, A. M. Ndong Obiang, et al. "Peri-urban conservation in the Mondah forest of Libreville, Gabon: Red List assessments of endemic plant species, and avoiding protected area downsizing." Oryx 50, no. 3 (August 14, 2015): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000204.

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AbstractUrban development is an increasing threat to the integrity of formerly remote protected areas, in some cases resulting in their downgrading, downsizing or degazetting. One-quarter of previously remote protected areas are now within 17 km of a city and thus face the threat of urbanization. Here we describe a case of avoided downgrading, downsizing and degazetting of a protected area in the Mondah forest of Gabon, north of Libreville. Since its creation in 1934 the Forêt Classée de la Mondah has been downsized regularly, losing 40% of its area over 80 years. During this time the forest surrounding the Forêt Classée was subject to usage for urban and peri-urban needs, including agriculture, sand extraction, collection of medicinal plants, ceremonies, and housing construction. In 2010 the area was threatened with further downsizing. The presence of narrowly endemic plant species in the area was suspected, and mapping and evaluation of these species was proposed in an effort to maintain the protected area boundaries. Botanical field work, including ex situ conservation measures and participant observation in nearby forest communities, was conducted; 24 endemic species, all threatened by urbanization, were evaluated using the criteria for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The borders of the protected area were maintained because of its role in maintaining irreplaceable habitat for threatened species. The area was renamed Raponda Walker Arboretum in 2012.

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10

Young Hak LEE. "The Agricultural Policy of Gaboh Government." EWHA SAHAK YEONGU ll, no. 52 (June 2016): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37091/ewhist.2016..52.002.

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11

McShane, Thomas O. "Conservation before the crisis – an opportunity in Gabon." Oryx 24, no. 1 (January 1990): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034517.

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Much of the news we hear regarding the conservation situation in Africa portrays a continent in crisis. Increasing human population, decreasing agricultural production, loss of forest cover and mounting debt all point to a bleak future. Even in countries where conservationists have been most active the black rhino is near extinction and the elephant population is crashing. The conservation community has responded with last-ditch conservation efforts, commonly known as ‘firefighting’ or ‘band-aid conservation’. This paper examines an opportunity to practice ‘conservation before the crisis’ in Gabon, a country with time on its side to address its long-term conservation and development needs.

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12

Mintsa-Nguéma, Rodrigue, Hélène Moné, Moudachirou Ibikounlé, Krystina Mengué-Ngou-Milama, Maryvonne Kombila, and Gabriel Mouahid. "Cercarial emergence pattern ofSchistosoma haematobiumfrom Libreville, Gabon." Parasite 21 (2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2014004.

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13

Maisels, Fiona. "Defoliation of a monodominant rain-forest tree by a noctuid moth in Gabon." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 2 (March 2004): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403001044.

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Relatively little is known of the relationships between many lepidopteran species and their larval food plants in tropical rain forests, compared with temperate ecosystems. Species are often known only from the adult form, and the larvae and aspects of ecology, host plant, etc. are unknown (Williams 1971). Many species in the moth genus Achaea sometimes occur at high enough population densities to be defoliators, and several species are associated especially with forest trees: some are agricultural pests on groundnuts and castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) (Pinhey 1975, M. Shaw, pers. comm.). Achaea catocaloides occurs from West Africa through Uganda to East Africa (Seitz 1925) and has been recorded in interactions with ants in Cameroon (Dejean et al. 1991).

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14

Radhakrishnan, Saieshwar, and R. Ramanathan. "A Support Vector Machine with Gabor Features for Animal Intrusion Detection in Agriculture Fields." Procedia Computer Science 143 (2018): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.422.

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15

Tutin, Caroline E. G., Lee J. T. White, and Alphonse Mackanga-Missandzou. "Lightning Strike Burns Large Forest Tree in the Lope Reserve, Gabon." Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 5, no. 1 (January 1996): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997469.

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16

Mohamed, Hassan I. "Flow over Gabion Weirs." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 136, no. 8 (August 2010): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000215.

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17

Geoffrey Hancock, E., and A. Starr Douglas. "William Hunter's Goliath beetle, Goliathus goliatus (), re-visited." Archives of Natural History 36, no. 2 (October 2009): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954109000953.

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The first Goliath beetle was found floating in the mouth of the River Gabon in the Gulf of Guinea in 1766. It became the centre of eighteenth-century arguments concerning ownership and engendered petty jealousies between collectors. The search for more specimens was initially fruitless as its native habitat was unknown. Illustrations and descriptions of it appeared with varying degrees of accuracy. This paper develops the history of the individual beetle and the species to which it belongs as the result of finding additional contemporary sources.

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18

Szabó, Gábor, and Alajos Fehér. "Marginalisation and Multifunctional Land Use in Hungary." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 15 (December 14, 2004): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/15/3358.

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Our study prepared as a brief version of National Report in the frame of EUROLAN Programme. We deal with the interpretation of some definitions (marginalisation of land use, multifunctionality of land use, marginalisation of agriculture, multifunctionality of agriculture), with sorting and reviewing indicators of marginalisation and finally with the analysis of functions of land use. We suggested a dynamic and a static approach of marginalisation. We can explore the dynamic process by time series and the static (regional) one by cross-section analyses.It is very hard to explain the perspective of the future of marginalisation of land and of agriculture in Hungary. The process of marginalisation seems faster in the agriculture in the coming years, but it depends on the utilisation of new possibilities given by the EU financial resources and by the Common Market. At this moment agriculture seems one of the big losers of the accession.In the long term we should face considerable challenges in the land use. It is necessary to take into account that there is a supply market of foods and traditional fibre production world-wide. There are limited possibilities to produce and to market for example biodiesel (fuel), bioethanol, or maybe biogas. Thus the environment and landscape preservation becomes more and more real land use alternatives.The environmental interpretation of the multifunctionality of land use: activities (functions) of environmental preservation and nature conservation in a certain area, which aim to preserve natural resources by the existing socio-economic conditions.Preservation of rural landscapes is the task mainly for land-users, who can be commanded by legal means and can be encouraged by economic measures to carry out the above activity. In the recent past measures of „command and control” type regulation were predominant, however nowadays, especially in the developed countries, the role of economic incentives increases.As a conclusion of our analysis we can state that as long as the main land-dependent activities (agriculture, forestry, housing, tourism, local mining) cease to be viable under an existing socio-economic structure, then it is hardly possible to sustain the rural landscape on an appropriate level by non-commodity products (such as environment preservation, cultural heritage, nature conservation, employment etc.).1 The study was prepared in the frame of EUROLAN (EU-5 Framework Project), QLK5-CT-2002-02346, as a compiled version of the Hungarian National Report, The national project co-ordinator: Prof. Dr. Gabor Szabo.A part of places with high ecological values coincides with the areas with unfavourable agricultural endowments and underdeveloped micro-regions. We think so that the marginalisation preserves the non-environmental-sound activities and hinders the development of multifunctional agriculture and this process can change only by joint utilisation of endogenous and exogenous resources and methods. Thus the successful programmes for agri-environmental protection and multifunctional land use can serve the moderation of negative effects of marginalisation or maybe the marginalisation process itself.

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19

Arifin, Muhammad Jainal, Achmad Basuki, and Bima Sena Bayu Dewantara. "Segmentasi Pertumbuhan Padi berbasis Aerial Image menggunakan Fitur Warna dan Tekstur untuk Estimasi Produksi Hasil Panen." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.0813438.

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<p class="Abstrak">Pertumbuhan padi di daerah yang luas seringkali tidak ideal. Ini dapat disebabkan oleh faktor alam, jenis varietas padi, dan model perawatan yang digunakan. Ini juga akan mempengaruhi hasil panen. Luasnya lahan membuat petani sulit untuk memantau bagian yang tidak terjangkau. Seringkali pemantauan perkembangan padi dilakukan di tepi sawah tetapi tidak mencapai area tengah. Studi ini mengusulkan sistem pemantauan untuk pengembangan padi yang dapat menjangkau secara lebih luas dan memperkirakan hasil padi di setiap area lahan pertanian. Sistem ini menggunakan gambar udara untuk menjangkau area yang lebih luas dan kemudian memperkirakan produksi pertanian. Estimasi produksi dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan gambar kawasan pertanian menggunakan metode K-Means. Pengelompokan ini menggunakan parameter warna HSV dan tekstur Gabor sebagai fitur dari setiap bagian gambar. Hasilnya adalah segmen area padi berdasarkan pertumbuhannya. Jumlah segmen yang sesuai dengan usia Padi nyata akan menentukan nilai estimasi hasil. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga segmen pengembangan padi, dan memperkirakan produksi adalah 1.787 ton dengan perkiraan panen maksimum 1.924 ton dari data nyata 1,80 ton. Dan dengan skala kesalahan persentase rata-rata absolut 0,72% dan perbedaan 0,013 ton.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>Paddy growth in large areas is often not ideal. This can be caused by natural factors, types of rice varieties, and the treatment model used. This will also affect crop yields. The extent of land makes it difficult for farmers to monitor the unreachable part. Often monitoring of rice developments is done on the edge of the field but does not reach the middle area. This study proposes a monitoring system for rice development that can reach more broadly and estimate the yield of rice in every area of agriculture land. This system uses aerial images to reach a wider area and then estimates of agricultural production. Estimation of production is done by clustering images of agricultural areas using the K-Means method. This clustering uses HSV color parameters and Gabor textures as features of each part of the image. The result is a segment of the paddy area based on its growth. The number of segments corresponding to the age of the real Paddy will determine the estimated value of the yield. The research shows that three segments of rice development, and estimates the production is 1,787 tons with a maximum estimated harvest of 1,924 tons from the real data of 1, 80 tons. And with a mean absolute percentage error scale of 0.72% and a difference of 0.013 tons.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

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20

Messi Me Ndong, Albert Novy, Adam Bouraïma, Crislain Bissielou, Jean-Jacques Anguile, and Thomas Makani. "Chemical Composition Assessment by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence of Agricultural Soils in the Mining Town of Moanda, Gabon." Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 10, no. 03 (2021): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2021.103022.

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21

Akoma Mintsa, Rosalie, Christine Berge, and Nicolas Picard. "Foot morphology and locomotor behaviour of squirrels in Gabon rainforests." Comptes Rendus Biologies 332, no. 1 (January 2009): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2008.08.020.

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22

Boundenga, Larson, Boris Makanga, Benjamin Ollomo, Aude Gilabert, Virginie Rougeron, Bertrand Mve-Ondo, Céline Arnathau, et al. "Haemosporidian Parasites of Antelopes and Other Vertebrates from Gabon, Central Africa." PLOS ONE 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): e0148958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148958.

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23

Rogachko, S. I., H. V. Slobodianyk, and N. B. Dolinskaya. "METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING SHORE PROTECTION STRUCTURES FROM GABION." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 80 (September 3, 2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-84-92.

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Abstract. The shores of seas, lakes, bays and reservoirs under the action of wind waves, drifting level ice, rainwater, wind erosion and other factors are subject to intensive destruction. As a result of this, the areas of valuable agricultural land and other lands are reduced. The destruction of the coasts is accompanied by landslides, which reduce the area of settlements where residential buildings, urban buildings, industrial enterprises, park areas, roads and other communications are located. In such cases there is a need for the construction of special protection structures, which will protect coasts from destruction. There are two methods of coastal protection ‒ active and passive. Experience in coastal protection shows, that in many cases, these methods can be successful when applied jointly. The types of structures of shore protection structures are diverse. Therefore, the main task of designers is to choose the most optimal of them, taking into account the climatic, hydrological and engineering-geological conditions of the region construction. The aim of this work is to create a progressive method of construction of shore protection structures on shallow shores of the seas and in shallow reservoirs. This paper considers the existing and innovative designs of shore protection structures made of various materials, the conditions of their use and technical and economic characteristics are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a progressive method of construction of shore protection structures from gabions is proposed. The using of the proposed method for the construction of shore protection structures from a box type gabion will speed up the construction process of such structures, as well as reduce the volume of material at the base, which will lead to a significant reduction in the cost of construction. The mass of gabions in each project should be determined on the parameters of the waves of the design storm in accordance to the recommendations of standards.

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Imrie, Heather J., Freya J. I. Fowkes, Florence Migot-Nabias, Adrian J. F. Luty, Philippe Deloron, Stephen L. Hajduk, and Karen P. Day. "Individual Variation in Levels of Haptoglobin-Related Protein in Children from Gabon." PLoS ONE 7, no. 11 (November 20, 2012): e49816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049816.

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25

Eko Mba, Jean Marie, Cyrille Bisseye, Jophrette Mireille Ntsame Ndong, Landry Erik Mombo, Calixte Bengone, Guy Mouelet Migolet, Bertrand M’batchi, et al. "Prevalent hepatitis B surface antigen among first-time blood donors in Gabon." PLOS ONE 13, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): e0194285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194285.

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26

GRAY, CHRISTOPHER, and FRANÇOIS NGOLET. "LAMBARÉNÉ, OKOUMÉ AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF LABOR ALONG THE MIDDLE OGOOUÉ (GABON), 1870–1945." Journal of African History 40, no. 1 (March 1999): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853798007361.

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IN 1929, the French colonial administration's forced recruitment of labor for two road construction projects designed to create more effective transportation links between the town of Lambaréné on the Middle Ogooué and the colonial post at Mouila on the Upper Ngounié led to food shortages in several parts of southern Gabon. A disturbing pattern had developed over the previous 15 years where colonial demands for labor led to disruptions in the seasonal cycle of agricultural production. Able-bodied men forced to gather forest products or work as porters to pay the head tax, or required to participate in the construction of colonial infrastructure projects, or even willingly employed as laborers in the growing timber industry, could not meet their traditional obligations to clear fields for women farmers during the long dry season (generally June to September), thus leading to poor harvests and food shortages. French officials at the end of the 1920s were especially anxious as the Fang populations in the northern portion of the colony had experienced severe famine several years earlier, partly due to male workers being recruited into the timber industry. Memories of famine occurring between 1916 and 1918 were also quite vivid among the peoples living along the Ngounié. Labor recruitment for the timber industry and colonial infrastructure projects remained a precarious enterprise at the outset of the 1930s. Yet by the 1940s, the most difficult segment of the Lambaréné–Mouila road network – a 50 kilometer stretch through hilly, forested terrain south of Lambaréné – was completed without resorting to forced labor and without the threat of food shortages. The intervening decade had witnessed the final stage of the transformation of Gabonese labor wrought by the French colonial presence, a transformation that broke the pre-colonial system of labor exploitation controlled by clan leaders. At the outbreak of World War II, the process had advanced to the point that there now existed a ‘labor market’ in the French Equatorial Africa federation integrated into the capitalist wage-earning sector and capable of accomplishing infrastructure projects without disastrous consequences for the local population. We argue that the predominance of the timber industry in Gabon placed these developments on a strangely ambiguous path when compared to the growth of capitalist wage-labor in other parts of the continent.

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Pestriakov, Aleksandr P., Olga M. Grigorieva, and Yulia V. Pelenitsyna. "Краниологический аспект генезиса населения тропической транссахарской Африки." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) 51, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2020-51-3/261-279.

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This article continues a study of cranial growth on the example of the population of tropical Trans-Saharan Africa. The cranial samples of Gabon, basin of the Congo River (the Western part), and East African farmers and Capoids – Bushmen and Hottentots (the Eastern part) were analyzed. Male and female cranial samples were studied separately. Crania of some samples clustered according to the type of growth processes in the crania. Comparative analysis showed that the cranial samples (and clusters inside them) from the West of the studied region, as a whole, differ significantly from those from the East in the shape of the skull. This is clearly seen in the male sample, but less obvious in the female one. The overall size of the cranium in the West is significantly more variable than in the East. This is because of a Pygmy admixture in the population of equatorial rainforest, which are associated with a small size of the cranium. There is no such difference between East African farmers and the craniologically similar Capoids (Bushmen and Hottentots). This leads to two main conclusions. First, the population of the Western (humid) part of Equatorial Africa formed as a mixture of larger-headed agricultural groups with Pygmies, who had smaller crania. Second, the agricultural population of the Eastern (more arid) part of the studied territory is almost identical in craniological terms to the Capoids (Bushmen and Hottentots) of South Africa, while differs significantly from the pastoralist population of this territory.

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Pegha Moukandja, Irène, Jean Claude Biteghe Bi Essone, Issaka Sagara, Roland Fabrice Kassa Kassa, Julien Ondzaga, Jean-Bernard Lékana Douki, Marielle Bouyou Akotet, Dieudonne Nkoghe Mba, and Fousseyni S. Touré Ndouo. "Marked Rise in the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Rural Gabon." PLOS ONE 11, no. 5 (May 26, 2016): e0153899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153899.

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Aristoteles, Yunda Heningtyas, Admi Syarif, and AA Gieniung Pratidina. "Implementation of Gabor Filter for Carassius Auratus’s Identification." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 2 (April 18, 2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.11.2.8128.

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30

Mills, Emily C., John R. Poulsen, J. Michael Fay, Peter Morkel, Connie J. Clark, Amelia Meier, Christopher Beirne, and Lee J. T. White. "Forest elephant movement and habitat use in a tropical forest-grassland mosaic in Gabon." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 11, 2018): e0199387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199387.

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31

Rolfs, Martin, Bonnie M. Lawrence, and Marisa Carrasco. "Reach preparation enhances visual performance and appearance." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1628 (October 19, 2013): 20130057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0057.

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We investigated the impact of the preparation of reach movements on visual perception by simultaneously quantifying both an objective measure of visual sensitivity and the subjective experience of apparent contrast. Using a two-by-two alternative forced choice task, observers compared the orientation (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the contrast (higher or lower) of a Standard Gabor and a Test Gabor, the latter of which was presented during reach preparation, at the reach target location or the opposite location. Discrimination performance was better overall at the reach target than at the opposite location. Perceived contrast increased continuously at the target relative to the opposite location during reach preparation, that is, after the onset of the cue indicating the reach target. The finding that performance and appearance do not evolve in parallel during reach preparation points to a distinction with saccade preparation, for which we have shown previously there is a parallel temporal evolution of performance and appearance. Yet akin to saccade preparation, this study reveals that overall reach preparation enhances both visual performance and appearance.

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32

Maghendji-Nzondo, Sydney, Hermann Nzoughe, Guy Joseph Lemamy, Lady Charlene Kouna, Irene Pegha-Moukandja, Faustin Lekoulou, Bertrand Mbatchi, Fousseyni Toure-Ndouo, and Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki. "Prevalence of malaria, prevention measures, and main clinical features in febrile children admitted to the Franceville Regional Hospital, Gabon." Parasite 23 (2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2016032.

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33

Gulliver, Katrina. "Gabrielle Vassal (1880–1959): collecting specimens in Indochina for the British Museum (Natural History), 1900–1915." Archives of Natural History 47, no. 1 (April 2020): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2020.0619.

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Gabrielle Maud Vassal and her husband Joseph Marguerite Jean-Baptiste Vassal, a physician in the French Colonial Service, supplied bird and mammal specimens from French Indochina and later from French colonies in Africa (Gabon, Congo) to the British Museum (Natural History) between 1900 and 1930. Gabrielle Vassal was a keen naturalist and an engaging correspondent, and many of her letters are preserved. The couple moved to Indochina (Vietnam) in 1904, and this paper focuses on her time there prior to the First World War, and how she built a relationship, both professional and personal, with staff of the Museum. Her main correspondents at that time were William Robert Ogilvie-Grant and Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas. As a woman collector, she was unusual – especially for operating in French territory and sending specimens to a British museum. Her specimens included several newly-discovered species, and a number were named after her, including Nomascus gabriellae, and her husband. She became a successful photographer, public speaker and author, recounting her travels and experiences.

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34

Godfrey, Laurie R. "Darwinism's Struggle for Survival: Heredity and the Hypothesis of Natural Selection. Jean Gayon." Quarterly Review of Biology 74, no. 4 (December 1999): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/394117.

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35

Becquart, Pierre, Nadia Wauquier, Tanel Mahlakõiv, Dieudonné Nkoghe, Cindy Padilla, Marc Souris, Benjamin Ollomo, et al. "High Prevalence of Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among Rural Populations in Gabon." PLoS ONE 5, no. 2 (February 9, 2010): e9126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009126.

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36

Bain, Odile, and Kerstin Junker. "Trichospirura aethiopican. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) fromMalacomys longipes(Rodentia: Muridae) in Gabon, first record of the genus in the Ethiopian Realm." Parasite 20 (2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2012004.

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37

Pawłowska, Bożena. "The effect of BA and GA3 on the shoot multiplication of in vitro cultures of Polish wild roses." Folia Horticulturae 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10245-011-0022-5.

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The effect of BA and GA3on the shoot multiplication ofin vitrocultures of Polish wild rosesThe experiment was conducted using five species of roses naturally occurring in Poland:Rosa agrestis(fieldbriar rose),R. canina(dog rose),R. dumalis(glaucous dog rose),R. rubiginosa(sweetbriar rose), andR. tomentosa(whitewooly rose), from thein vitrocollection of the Department of Ornamental Plants of the University of Agriculture in Kraków. We examined the effect of cytokinin BA (1-10 μM) added to an MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) on auxiliary shoot multiplication. The second group of test media contained BA (1-5 μM) and gibberellin GA3(0.3-1.5 μM). The cultures were maintained at a phytotron temperature of 23/25°C (night/day), 80% relative humidity, with a 16-hour photoperiod and PPFD of 30 μmol m-2s-1, and cultured in five-week cycles. The highest multiplication rate was obtained forR. caninaandR. rubiginosa(4.1 shoots per one explant) andR. dumalis(2.9 shoots per one explant), when shoots were multiplied on an MS medium supplemented with 1 μM BA and 1.5 μM GA3. Multiplication was the weakest inRosa tomentosaindependent of the medium used.

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38

Salmasi, Farzin, Nastaran Sabahi, and John Abraham. "Discharge Coefficients for Rectangular Broad-Crested Gabion Weirs: Experimental Study." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 147, no. 3 (March 2021): 04021001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001535.

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39

Moffat, D. B. "The Protolobar Structure of the Human Kidney. Its Biologic and Clinical Significance. Gabor Inke." Quarterly Review of Biology 63, no. 4 (December 1988): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416119.

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40

Kamaru Zaman, Fadhlan Hafizhelmi, Ahmad Asari Sulaiman, Ihsan Mohd Yassin, Nooritawati Md Tahir, and Zairi Ismael Rizman. "Development of Mobile Face Verification Based on Locally Normalized Gabor Wavelets." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.7.4.1352.

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41

Ndjoyi-Mbiguino, Angélique, Arnaud John Kombe Kombe, Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba, Samira Zoa-Assoumou, Falone Larissa Akombi, Francis Nzengui Nzengui, Hervé M’boyis Kamdem, and Sandrine François-Souquière. "Low prevalence of HCV infection with predominance of genotype 4 among HIV patients living in Libreville, Gabon." PLOS ONE 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): e0190529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190529.

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42

Paupy, Christophe, Boris Makanga, Benjamin Ollomo, Nil Rahola, Patrick Durand, Julie Magnus, Eric Willaume, François Renaud, Didier Fontenille, and Franck Prugnolle. "Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles vinckei Are Candidate Vectors of Ape Plasmodium Parasites, Including Plasmodium praefalciparum in Gabon." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 20, 2013): e57294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057294.

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43

Friedlander, Alan M., Enric Ballesteros, Michael Fay, and Enric Sala. "Marine Communities on Oil Platforms in Gabon, West Africa: High Biodiversity Oases in a Low Biodiversity Environment." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): e103709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103709.

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44

Li, Yueyang, Haichi Luo, Miaomiao Yu, Gaoming Jiang, and Honglian Cong. "Fabric defect detection algorithm using RDPSO-based optimal Gabor filter." Journal of The Textile Institute 110, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1489951.

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45

Percher, Alice M., Alejandro Romero, Jordi Galbany, Gontran Nsi Akoue, Alejandro Pérez-Pérez, and Marie J. E. Charpentier. "Buccal dental-microwear and dietary ecology in a free-ranging population of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) from southern Gabon." PLOS ONE 12, no. 10 (October 26, 2017): e0186870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186870.

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46

Hughes, Anna E., Christian Jones, Kaustuv Joshi, and David J. Tolhurst. "Diverted by dazzle: perceived movement direction is biased by target pattern orientation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1850 (March 8, 2017): 20170015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0015.

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‘Motion dazzle’ is the hypothesis that predators may misjudge the speed or direction of moving prey which have high-contrast patterning, such as stripes. However, there is currently little experimental evidence that such patterns cause visual illusions. Here, observers binocularly tracked a Gabor target, moving with a linear trajectory randomly chosen within 18° of the horizontal. This target then became occluded, and observers were asked to judge where they thought it would later cross a vertical line to the side. We found that internal motion of the stripes within the Gabor biased judgements as expected: Gabors with upwards internal stripe motion relative to the overall direction of motion were perceived to be crossing above Gabors with downwards internal stripe movement. However, surprisingly, we found a much stronger effect of the rigid pattern orientation. Patches with oblique stripes pointing upwards relative to the direction of motion were perceived to cross above patches with downward-pointing stripes. This effect occurred only at high speeds, suggesting that it may reflect an orientation-dependent effect in which spatial signals are used in direction judgements. These findings have implications for our understanding of motion dazzle mechanisms and how human motion and form processing interact.

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47

Brand, Colin M., Mireille B. Johnson, Lillian D. Parker, Jesús E. Maldonado, Lisa Korte, Hadrien Vanthomme, Alfonso Alonso, Maria Jose Ruiz-Lopez, Caitlin P. Wells, and Nelson Ting. "Abundance, density, and social structure of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in a human-modified landscape in southwestern Gabon." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): e0231832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231832.

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48

Li, Qianmu, Tao Li, Bin Xia, Ming Ni, Xiaoqian Liu, Qifeng Zhou, and Yong Qi. "FIRST: Face Identity Recognition in SmarT Bank." International Journal of Semantic Computing 10, no. 04 (December 2016): 569–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x16400213.

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The rapid development of information era has influenced to realize the notion of Smart Bank via approaches like paperless services and interactive self-service systems. Since the traditional methods of identity verification are insecure and cumbersome for supporting these services, Smart Bank has been questioned. To overcome the limitations of current identity verification, it is imperative to explore an effective recognition strategy considering the trade-off between security and customer experience, which can conveniently collect identity information and accurately distinguish people. However, few research and existing systems have been reported for an integrated solution of identity verification satisfying convenient and secure banking environment. In this paper, we propose, implement, and deploy an integrated system named FIRST (Face Identity Recognition in SmarT Bank), which is a customized platform for the identity verification via face recognition in Smart Bank. FIRST uses Gabor surface feature and Fisherfaces, which can provide accurate face recognition within acceptable training time. For information acquisition, our system employs the patch-based face quality assessment, which efficiently extracts valuable faces (i.e. front face) from video streams. Furthermore, FIRST provides a distributed environment to effectively manage recognition tasks and massive data. Since March 2015, FIRST has been successfully deployed on 1800 self-service terminals in Jiangsu Province by ABC (Agriculture Bank of China), and is under deployment by State Grid in China.

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49

Cane, Karen, Merrin Spackman, and H. A. Eagles. "Puroindoline genes and their effects on grain quality traits in southern Australian wheat cultivars." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 1 (2004): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03108.

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Grain hardness is a major determinant of the classification and end-use of wheat. Two genes, Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1, have a major effect on this trait, so for wheat breeding programs it is important to identify the alleles of these genes present in elite germplasm. This study was conducted to identify the alleles present in southern Australian germplasm, and to determine if they affected quality characteristics other than grain hardness.Only 3 genotypes were identified. These were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a producing soft grain, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b producing moderately hard grain, and Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a producing very hard grain. WW15 was the probable source of Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b in most cultivars; however, Halberd represented another source. An important source of Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a was the CIMMYT line Pavon, with sources from the old Australian cultivars Gabo and Falcon probably still present in modern germplasm.In an analysis of grain quality data from the Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture breeding program, the Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a genotype had a significantly higher water absorption and significantly lower milling yield than the Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b genotype, which indicates that these genes will impede the development of hard-grained cultivars that combine high water absorption and high milling yield.

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50

Brock, D. J. H. "Aspects of Human Genetics with Special Reference to X-Linked Disorders.C. San Roman Cos-Gayon, A. McDermott." Quarterly Review of Biology 60, no. 1 (March 1985): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/414290.

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