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1
Puplampu, Peter K. "The state and agriculture, the social dynamics of agricultural policy in Ghana, 1900-1994." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq29094.pdf.
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Scott, Ashley M. "Overcoming the Obstacles to Sustainability in Ghana." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/206.
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For several decades following its independence from Great Britain, Ghana’s policies continued to promote over-extraction of natural resources to the detriment of its economy and rural communities. Agricultural and forestry policy has gradually evolved to foster more sustainable and equitable practices, as in building partnerships with the private sector to fund infrastructure improvements. Policy has recently recognized the dire need to adopt agricultural practices and means of forest resource extraction that are compatible with ecological stewardship. However, many shortcomings are still apparent. Large logging operations completely disregard forestry regulations with impunity, whereas rural sustenance extractors are severely punished in the rare event that policy is actually enforced. Although the severe disadvantages that agricultural policies had imposed in the 1960s have been partially alleviated, much improvement is still needed. Recent agricultural policy has recognized the lack of funding available to invest in more efficient and higher-yielding agricultural practices, but partnerships with the actual lending institutions do not exist. The scarcity of crucial inputs, such as fertilizer and technical assistance remains a major problem in the agricultural sector, as the soils are becoming rapidly depleted, leading to declining crop yields and further encroachment on the 20 percent of forests remaining. Overly ambitious targets and unrealistic policies require more careful and detailed formulation so that Ghana’s resources can be managed effectively before famine sweeps the food-insecure country once more.
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Gana, Bertha Kweley. "Effects of agriculture on soil quality in northeastern Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/NQ63870.pdf.
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Afari-Sefa, Victor. "Agricultural export diversification, food security and living conditions of farmers in Southern Ghana : a microeconomic and household modelling approach /." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2866175&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Baah, Amos Kwame Egyir. "Subsistence Farmers' Perceptions of Pluralistic Agriculture Extension in Northern Ghana." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3335.
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In 2013, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture of the Republic of Ghana implemented a reformed food and agriculture sector development policy (FASDEP II) to reduce poverty among the poorest subsistence farmers in the nation. These extension efforts have been unsuccessful. The purpose of this ethnographic case study was to understand the perceptions of subsistence farmers in the Savelugu-Nanton District (SND) who participated in FASDEP II on how the program had affected their ability to meet their subsistence needs. The theoretical framework of collaborative advantage was used to analyze farmers' opinions of how the decentralized, pluralistic extension policy did or did not result in effective collaborations to benefit both farmers and support organizations. Data from unstructured interviews with 12 male farmers, selected through purposeful sampling, were analyzed by inductive coding and thematic analysis. Farmers' perspectives were confirmed through observations at a public farmers' meeting and a review of operations documents of Busaka, a FASDEP II agribusiness partner. Key findings indicated that the current pluralistic extension lacked the characteristics of collaborative advantage and farmers continued to face challenges in access to farming inputs, credit, climate change effects, and cronyism. Farmers perceived the system was more beneficial to large-scale farmers. Positive social change implications of this study include identifying factors to improve effective pluralistic extension for subsistence farmers, the poorest persons in SND; improving the financial conditions of these subsistence farmers through more sustained and equitable partner collaboration; and contributing to the economic development of SND.
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Ababio-Twi, Faith S. "Funding Strategies for Smallholder Rice Farmers in Afadzato South District, Ghana." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7849.
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Agriculture revenue contributions to Ghana's gross domestic product have declined because of limited farm funding, which has constrained some smallholder rice farmers access credit to acquire necessary inputs, and to secure a stable market for their harvests. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore successful strategies some smallholder rice farmers in the Afadzato South District of Ghana used in obtaining farm funding. Data collection included semistructured, face-to-face interviews with 9 smallholder rice farmers who successfully obtained farm funding. Previous research, reports, and policies of the Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture served as additional data collection sources. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and resulted in three major themes: the smallholder farmer's strategy of belonging to cooperative association membership, the smallholder farmer's strategy for satisfying lender collateral requirements, and smallholder farmer's strategies for developing a repayment rating history. The implications for positive social change include the potential to guide the smallholder farmers to successful strategies to access farm funding for their farming activities and increase their farm sizes. The increase in farm sizes may result in more rice production that can help mitigate hunger and reduce poverty in the Afadzato South District of Ghana.
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Marston, Jasmin [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Glaser, and Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Freytag. "Aid and agriculture : : a constructivist approach to a political economy analysis of sustainable agriculture in Ghana." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/116284017X/34.
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Aboagye, Dickson Danso. "Impacts of climate change on food security in southern Ghana : a community perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020166.
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This study will examine the impacts of climate change on food security in Southern Ghana. Southern Ghana reveals that the district suffers post- harvest losses of about 8 percent of all cereals which hinders Ghana’s food security. Ghana still faces food insecurity due to high temperatures and low rainfall. This research therefore seeks to investigate what local communities of Southern Ghana are doing to address food insecurity problems with the advent of climate change. Several objectives to achieve this goal involves to identify factors hindering food security in Southern Ghana and to evaluate the extent that climate change has affected food security. A qualitative research approach was used by the researcher to come up with community strategies which this research seeks to address. Various conclusions such as community demand for support from the local government, sustainable irrigation programs, availability of pipe-borne water and environmental education were put in place, as possible solutions to the persisting food security problems in Southern Ghana.
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Wampah, Henry Akpenamawu Kofi. "Agricultural pricing policies in developing countries : the case of cocoa pricing in Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72803.
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Salin-Maradeix, Maxime. "Factors affecting fertilizer use: the evidence from northern Ghana." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20401.
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Master of ScienceAgricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
Ghana is the first Sub-Saharan African country to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of halving extreme poverty by 2015 and has made great improvement in four of the total eight MDG. Supporting by several aid programs, Ghana is right in the middle of an economic boom through agriculture with the stock exchange listing of the Ghanaian Agricultural Development Bank the 3rd of July 2015. However, many Ghanaian producers, specifically in the northern part, cannot take full advantage of this “boom” as they are dealing with poor soil quality and suboptimal levels fertilizer use. By increasing fertilizer use, producers can improve their field’s soil quality and achieve higher crop yields. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of factors influencing the fertilizer use decision among smallholder producers in northern Ghana. A two-part model is estimated and takes into account number of important demographic, production and marking factors affecting producer’s decision on fertilizer adoption and amount used. Findings from this study have implication for designing private initiatives and public policies on improving smallholder producers’ agricultural productivity through the adoption of fertilizer.
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Hancock, Adam David. "Effects of credit and credit access on smallholder maize farmer storage behavior in northern Ghana." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20552.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent Amanor-Boadu
Food insecurity affects 16 percent of the population in northern Ghana, making food security a major focus for many of the development programs in the country. A major initiative to overcome food insecurity may involve the development of effective storage systems to help farmers control the flow of their production to markets and, thus, have higher control over the price they receive. While the poor storage infrastructure in the region is known, there is lack of knowledge about the factors motivating farmers to utilize storage in spite of these conditions. The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding about storage behavior of smallholder maize farmers in northern Ghana. A review of the literature indicates credit plays a large role in storage behavior. The purpose of this thesis is to bridge the gap between literature on storage as a bank, and on storage as a way to ensure food security. Specific objectives include: i) estimating formal and informal credit’s effects on storage behavior of smallholder maize growers, and ii) examining the effect of credit at various levels of storage. This analysis is based on data collected on 527 farmers in Ghana’s four northernmost regions obtained from an agricultural production survey conducted in 2013 and 2014 by USAID-METSS – a project funded by the Economic Growth Office of the USAID mission in Ghana. Ordinary Least Squares modeling was employed to determine the marginal effects of formal and informal credit on storage. Additionally, quantile regression modeling estimated the marginal effects at different levels of storage, including the median. The results indicate that formal credit and on-farm storage had statistically significant negative effects on maize storage at both the mean and median, but only farm output proved to be statistically significant at different levels across the storage distribution. On-farm storage had a statistically significant negative effect on storage when compared to storing off-farm at facilities like local store rooms. Carryover storage from the previous year tested to have statistically significant negative effects on storage. Under the conceptual framework utilized for this study, the results suggest that using formal credit increases a household’s food security.
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Heirman, Jonas Leo. "The impact of international actors on domestic agricultural policy : a comparison of cocoa and rice in Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:980ac41f-a591-4e23-ab16-deb6df121573.
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The global financial and food crisis of 2007 and 2008 was followed by a surge in foreign interest and investment in African agriculture. Renewed global interest in African agriculture was also accompanied by an increase in international efforts to influence domestic agricultural policies, including in Ghana. In the context of an increasingly globalised food regime and integrated commodity markets, this thesis answers the question: to what extent do international actors impact domestic agricultural policies in Ghana? Policy 'impact' is understood as the marked influence that international actors have on policy goals and the resources, institutions, and knowledge used for achieving them. This thesis compares case studies of cocoa and rice policy over two different periods in Ghana's recent history (1983-1995 and 2003-2012) to understand how international actors use their power and resources to impact agricultural policies. The comparison of cocoa and rice policy is used to address two gaps in existing literature by examining how the impact of international actors relates to: 1) the political economy for a specific crop; and 2) the interaction between actors at international, national and local levels. Findings from the comparative analysis are then used to test existing theories for how international actors influence government policy in Africa more generally. In particular, findings provide new insights into how the impact of international actors on African agricultural policies is strongly associated with the effect of policy decisions on the longer-term political economy for a particular crop.
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Baba, Abdul-Rahim Mumuni. "Système urbain, système agraire, production et valorisation de déchets ménagers : le cas de la région de Tamale, Ghana." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1804.
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Face à la croissance urbaine, le sous-développement et l'insalubrité, est-ce que la valorisation agricole des déchets ménagers en Afrique noire est possible ? La recherche a eu lieu à Tamale au nord du Ghana. Les objectifs de la thèse : - cerner le lien entre la croissance urbaine et la production de déchets ménagers - Evaluer la faisabilité de la collecte, du transport et du compostage de déchets ménagers, - Evaluer les possibilités d'intégration du compost en cultures. Les principaux résultats obtenus : L'approche globale de la production et la gestion de déchets ainsi que l'intégration du compost en cultures semble concluante. Apparemment la croissance urbaine n'est pas synonyme de surproduction de déchets. L'insalubrité urbaine est plutôt liée aux comportements des citadins et au manque de moyens adéquats pour traiter les déchets. Le taux de production de déchets ménagers est faible dans la ville africaine. La matière organique compostable est abondante et constitue plus de 80 % des déchets ménagers. L'origine de groupe ethnique constitue un indice pertinent dans l'évaluation de la production quantitative et qualitative des déchets urbains. L'étude de la gestion des déchets ménagers démontre que la collecte, le transport et le compostage sont possibles. Mais il faudra au préalable repenser le cadre institutionnel, la méthode de gestion et le rôle du secteur privé. Le milieu tropical apparaît très favorable au processus de compostage. Une technologie intermédiaire moins coûteuse semble adaptée au contexte socioculturel et économique du milieu africain. Plus le système d'exploitation agricole se modernise moins il est susceptible d'intégrer le compost. Les cultures maraîchères périurbaines semblent plus stables et susceptibles d'intégrer le compost urbain. La gestion intégrée des déchets ménagers semblent possible à condition de repenser le cadre institutionnel, la technologie adaptée, le financement du projet et le contexte économique et socioculturel du milieu.
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Klinkenberg, Eveline. "Impact of irrigated urban agriculture on malaria transmission in two cities in Ghana." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425448.
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In rapidly expanding cities worldwide, urban agriculture is being promoted to increase food security, improve nutritional status and contribute to poverty alleviation. However, there is a concern that urban agriculture, especially when irrigated, could increase urban malaria transmission by providing breeding places for Anopheles. To investigate tIus, epidemiological and socio-economic baseline surveys were carried out in tIle two main cities in Ghana, Accra and Kumasi, where communities close to (VA) and far from agriculture (U) were selected. A total of3525 children (1744 in Accra and 1781 in Kumasi) were enrolled in a house to house survey for malaria parasitaemia, Hb concentration and socio-economic factors. Although overall malaria prevalence was higher in Accra than Kumasi (14.8%, 95% CI 13.1-16.5% and 8.6%, 950/oCl 7.3- 9.9%, P=0.001), in bOtIl cities, malaria prevalence was heterogeneous, ranging from 3-35% between conmmnities. Factors associated witIl malaria prevalence were low socio-economic status, higher age and anaenua. In Accra, but not in Kumasi, conmmnities near urban agriculture had significantly lligher malaria prevalence (OR 1.53, 950/oCl 1.10-2.14, P=0.008) and some, but not all, cOimnunities showed a significant inverse link between malaria prevalence and distance from agriculture. A second survey in Accra two years later indicated important inter annual variation in malaria prevalence and importance of risk factors. Travel was an independent risk factor likely due to tIle low malaria prevalence. Entomological indices were measured by human bait catches (HBC), pyretIlfUm knockdown catches (PKD) and larval surveys. In Accra man biting rates by HBC were higher in UA tllan U communities for both Anopheles (8.4 in UA and 2.8 in U) and Culex (171.4 in UA and 41.7 in U). The annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was 19.9 in UA and 6.6 in U cOimnunities. Sporozoite infection rate was 0.65% (1111672) indicating local transmission. UrbanA. gambiae s.s. were found breeding in water at broken pipes, construction sites and poorly maintained drains. In the urban agricultural sites irrigation wells were the most common breeding sites, altIlOugh only 6% of wells hosted Anopheles. In a multivariate analysis, agriculture explained only a small proportion of parasitaenua prevalence and it was concluded tllat vector control nught best be directed at adults rather tIlan at breeding sites. In an insecticide-treated bednet trial, a cohort of approximately 250 cluldren in intervention and control areas was followed up at 0, 3 and 6 months after net distribution. After 6 montllS, there were fewer new cases of malaria and significantIy higher scores for nutritional indicators in children under 5 years in tIle intervention area, tIlan in tIle control area. Cluldren in tlle control area living witllin 300m of households that received nets had significantly lligher Hb concentrations and half the cllance of being anaemic compared to tIle children living more tI1an 300m away, suggesting a protective cOimnunity effect. Epidcnuology of urban malaria is complex and lughly heterogenous and as the majority of the African population is moving into tIle city better insight in risk factors and best options for malaria control is urgently needed.
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Antwi-Agyei, Prince. "Wastewater use in urban agriculture : an exposure and risk assessment in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2352419/.
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In order to minimize the health risks to agricultural workers, and consumers of wastewater irrigated produce, the World Health Organisation has developed guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture. This study sought to test the appropriateness of the current Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment model and the multiple-barrier approach advocated by the WHO guidelines. Over a one year period, over 500 produce and ready-to-eat salad samples were collected from fields, markets, and kitchens in Accra, Ghana, and over 300 soil and irrigation water samples were collected. All samples were analysed for E. coli, human adenovirus and norovirus using standard microbiological procedures. In addition, almost 700 participants including farmers, food vendors, and consumers were interviewed and observed to assess critical exposures associated with the transmission of faecal pathogens. The results showed that irrigation water was significantly more contaminated than farm soil, though exposure to soil was found to pose the key risk to farmers due to hand-to-mouth events. Over 80% of produce samples were found contaminated with E. coli, with street food salad being the most contaminated (4.23 Log E. coli/g), and that consumption of salads did not meet health standards. Risk factors identified for produce contamination included farm soil contamination, wastewater use for irrigation, poor hygiene, and operating with a hygiene permit. Awareness of the source of irrigation water was low, but despite the high awareness of health risk, consumers did not prioritize health indicators when buying produce from vendors. Similarly, farmers’ awareness of health risk did not influence their adoption of safer farm practices. The study recommends the promotion of interventions that would result in more direct benefits to producers and vendors, together with hygiene education and inspection, hygiene certification and enforcement of food safety byelaws in order to increase the uptake of the multi-barrier approach.
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Bugri, John Tiah. "Land tenure and sustainable livelihoods in north-east Ghana." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2005. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6120/.
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Many authors have blamed African land tenure systems for the poor agricultural production and environmental degradation in sub-Saharan Africa, and therefore the resulting hunger, environmental refugees and the lack of socio-economic progress. The aim of this investigation was to investigate the customary and statutory tenure practices in north-east Ghana and their implications for agricultural production and environmental degradation and recommend ways of improving tenurial practices. The study revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that lack of security of customary land tenure is the main cause of the poor agricultural production and environmental degradation, stakeholders’ perceptions of their security of tenure was generally high. Stakeholders’ religious background, gender, levels of education, age, occupation and community membership status were important factors influencing their perceptions and attitudes to land tenure, and land and environmental management practices. Yet poor agricultural production and environmental degradation characterised the study area. Interviewees perceived the main causes to be due to non-tenurial factors including lack of finance, poor soil fertility, inadequate and unreliable rainfall, pests and diseases, inadequate farmlands, bush burning and excessive tree cutting. It was also shown in the study that women and strangers generally had little or no power and control over land use decision-making and management under customary land tenure. These findings have negative implications for tenurial conditions, environmental and livelihood sustainability in north-east Ghana since most women are involved in food production. Results of the investigation were used to develop a participatory and holistic approach to land use and management and developed an integrated framework of customary and statutory tenure as a way forward in sustainable land management and the provision of sustainable livelihoods in north-east Ghana in particular, and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The study has contributed to an understanding of the political ecology of north-east Ghana and concludes that the emerging changes in land resource access and use have conflicts as an inevitable element of the process, which broad-based stakeholder participation provides a useful solution.
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Obosu-Mensah, Kwaku. "Food production in urban areas, a case study of urban agriculture in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0011/NQ41481.pdf.
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Hofny-Collins, Anna. "The potential for using composted municipal waste in agriculture : the case of Accra, Ghana /." Uppsala : Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200665.pdf.
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Salifu, Walata Yakub. "Sustainable agriculture and rural livelihood : a case study of agropastoral households in Northern Ghana." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618690.
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Pacillo, Grazia. "Market participation, innovation adoption and poverty in rural Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61392/.
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Agricultural commercialisation via increased market participation and innovation adoption has been widely argued to reduce poverty. However, empirical evidence suggests that both of these are persistently low in developing countries. Recent analyses suggest that different types of transaction costs and social capital may influence both market access and innovation adoption decisions. This thesis investigates these two factors in agricultural commercialisation and poverty reduction. Using data from three GLSS survey rounds, Chapter 1 investigates the determinants of the decision to sell as well as the decision of how much to sell, focusing on the role of transaction costs. The empirical analysis is carried out at household level and for a specific crop (maize). A Heckman two-step model is used to control for self-selection into market participation, using measures of fixed transaction costs as identifier variables. The overall results, although generally consistent with previous literature, show an unexpected positive relationship between remoteness and market participation, which might reflect peculiarities of Ghanaian crop marketing systems. Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between social capital and innovation using primary data on 305 Ghanaian farmers collected during field work in 2012 (described in Chapter 2). The chapter analyses innovation (the decision to adopt, its timing and intensity) at crop level, focusing on a non-traditional cash crop, exotic varieties of mango. The analysis investigates the role of different types of social capital, both in disaggregated and aggregated forms. The results suggest that social capital should not be overlooked in the innovation process, supporting recent evidence that there exists a positive relationship between the “know-who” and adoption dynamics. Finally, Chapter 4 investigates the impact of innovation adoption on objective and subjective measures of poverty. Matching techniques are used to estimate the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated, using primary data. The results show that adoption does not impact objective poverty but it does have a significant positive impact on self-perceived poverty status.
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Mensah, Michael [Verfasser]. "Gender roles in Agriculture and natural resources management in upper east region, Ghana / Michael Mensah." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200098161/34.
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Mckeever, Samia. "Differentiating Geo-Spatiotemporal Aquatic Larval Habitats of Anopheles gambiae complex in Urban Agriculture and Urban Non-Agriculture Environments in Accra, Ghana." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5423.
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To meet the rising food demands of communities in Accra,Ghana, urban agriculture has been popularized as a way to increase food security and improve nutrition (Donovan et al., 2012). Urban agriculture is defined as "the cultivation of crops at both the subsistence and commercial levels including the keeping of livestock in open spaces in urban areas (Adjaye, n.d.). In Accra, urban agriculture covers 1,091 hectares, employs over one thousand people, and supplies residents with 90% of its vegetables ("Accra Metropolitan", n.d.). Further, 60% of households in Accra participate in backyard farming ("Accra Metropolitan", n.d.). Although urban agriculture provides many benefits for communities in Accra, it has been linked to the creation of suitable habitats for Anopheles gambiae complex larvae.
In Accra, a spatio-temporal distribution of An. gambiae complex larvae and larvae habitats has not been established. A larval study in two urban agriculture and two non-urban agriculture sites was conducted in the months of May, July, August, and September 2014. When combined together, 3,807 An. gambiae complex larvae were collected from the urban agriculture sites of Korle Bu and Opeibea over the period of the study. When combining the urban non-agriculture sites of Madina and Ashaiman, 2,484 An. gambiae complex larvae were collected over the same period. The results of this study in Accra show that Korle Bu, an urban agriculture site, was the most productive site, with 2,604 An. gambiae complex larvae collected for the months of May, July, August, and September. July was the most productive month for Korle Bu, with 1,653 An. gambiae complex larvae collected. Further investigations of An. gambiae complex larval habitats are necessary to better understand malaria transmission attributes unique to Accra, Ghana.
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Hormenu, Michael Commander. "Municipal Organic Waste Composting as Management Option for Urban Agriculture: A case of Accra Metropolis, Ghana." Thesis, KTH, VA-teknik, Vatten, Avlopp och Avfall, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96301.
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The ever-increasing population in the metropolis of Accra, Ghana resulting in con-cerns for finding lasting solutions to manage large volumes of waste produced can be tackled through composting for urban agriculture. With insanitary land filling serving as the major disposal option in the metropolis, plans to build the first ever sanitary landfill facility in the metropolis calls for measures to be taken in order to prolong the lifespan of the facility. This therefore necessitates the need to look into an alternative means of diverting organic waste from landfills. The objective of this research is to re-view the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management situations in Accra Metropolitan Assembly upon which an investigation is made into the various process steps involved in aerobic windrow composting and also finding out the possibility for integrating composting with urban agriculture. The study relied mainly on secondary data obtained from books, published articles, governmental documents, internet, and master thesis reports on related topics. By the help of a causal loop diagram, the interdependence of various policy actions and sys-tem elements in the waste management process are linked to illustrate the possibility of a composting programme for urban agriculture. Even though the metropolis for some time back has been operating a centralized composting facility, the facility is confirmed to be closed down due to problems ema-nating from financial inadequacy, power failure and mechanical breakdown. The study delve into the process steps in windrow composting and finally identified potentials for composting in the metropolis but however enumerated constraints ranging from human and environmental health, financial, institutional, policy directives, to public and leadership attitudes as stumbling blocks to the implementation of a centralized composting scheme. It finally concluded that the metropolis has the potentials to embark on composting for urban agriculture however, until measures are taken to overcome these constraints, implementing a centralized composting scheme in the metropolis may not be a sustainable option. It is further recommended that whiles the city authorities continue to tackle the constraints to pave way for the implementation of the program, efforts must be made in promoting small scale composting that rely on manually operated tools to help reduce organic waste loads in the municipal waste stream.
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Sarpong, Eunice Adwoa. "Gender and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture: Lessons from Farming Communities in Ejisu Municipality, Ghana." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93720.
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Climate change poses a threat to agriculture. Ghana’s agriculture is mainly dependent on rainfall, this makes subsistence farmers majority of whom are women more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. That said, the impacts of climate change are felt differently by men and women due to their social assigned roles and responsibilities. This study examined the dimensions along which gender matters in adaptation strategies.The study used a case study approach, the Ejisu municipality in Ghana was selected for the study. To understand the gender narratives and how this affects adaptation strategies 10 farmers, and 2 agriculture extension officers were sampled. An inductive approach was used to analyze the core themes that emerged from the data.The findings of the study show that smallholder farmers in Ejisu municipality are changing their agricultural practices due to the changes in climatic conditions. Female farmers were seen to be less adaptive due to gender norms and challenges with access to productive resources. The common adaptative measures used by both male and female farmers are crop rotation, mixed farming, use of agrochemicals, organic fertilizers, leaving land fallow, delayed planting, and conservative agriculture.The study findings further show there are complexities in gender dimensions in the agricultural process and this affects adaptation strategies. The study recommends raising public awareness on climate change by providing adequate support to train farmers on sustainable adaptation, strengthening institutional capacity to ensure gender-responsive initiatives in agriculture, and create equitable access to resources to enhance adaptive capacities.
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Taylor, Rachael C. "Understandings, indicators, and implications of enhanced adaptive capacity within agricultural development interventions in Northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68274/.
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Enhanced adaptive capacity is increasingly being pursued as an objective of agricultural development interventions due to the perceived vulnerability of smallholder farming communities to a range of shocks and stresses. This research used two case studies of agricultural development interventions in Northern Ghana to examine diverse understandings of adaptive capacity, potential indicators of enhanced adaptive capacity, and the implications of this for sustainable agricultural livelihoods. The thesis reviews relevant theoretical literature to situate the study among complex adaptive systems thinking and sustainability discourses. Associated policy documentation is reviewed to set the context in which, and identify why, development interventions seek to enhance adaptive capacity. The primary methods of data collection were interviews, focus groups, and ethnography, as well as secondary data in the form of documentation from the case studies. Multiple understandings of adaptive capacity were identified in both case studies, including ‘formal' understandings of the projects' funders and management, and ‘informal' understandings of field staff and participating farmers. The findings contribute to theory, policy and practice through explicit recognition of the diversity of understandings of adaptive capacity, which has not been appreciated or analysed previously. Indicators of enhanced adaptive capacity emerged from the findings. Findings show how features of social capital were integral to enhanced adaptive capacity and played a dominant role in beneficial outcomes, even when not the priority of the interventions. This implies a set of indicators of enhanced adaptive capacity that can inform theoretical discourse, policy and programme planning, and monitoring and evaluation in practice. Finally, this research identified the role of social capital in contributing to enhanced adaptive capacity, which supports sustainable agricultural livelihoods. These findings contribute lessons for similar ongoing and future agricultural development interventions and recommend a focus on features of social capital rather than physical and technological capital.
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Johnson, Lacey. "Understanding the Livelihoods of Women in the Local Foodscape: A Case Study of Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18745.
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Women farmers in Accra, Ghana function in spaces that are delineated by gendered social, political and economic structures. It is essential for planners and policymakers to understand the gender dynamics involved, so as not to increase burdens on women's productive and reproductive roles on urban farms. This thesis problematizes the solitary subject of urban women in development, situating them into the context of Accra's urban and peri-urban spaces. My research draws on feminist theory to highlight the intersectionalities of women in Accra and the way that their individual experiences are impacted by homogenous development frameworks. The case study examines the role of urban and peri-urban agriculture in addressing the needs of women farmers in Accra. The findings of this study acknowledge various forms of empowerment and autonomy that women experience as urban farmers in Accra, and they highlight how the hybridity of urban agriculture is challenging mainstream urban development.
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Atadja, Franklin Komla. "Sustainability Challenges for Maize and Cassava Farmers in Amankwakrom Subdistrict, Ghana." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10243184.
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Agricultural system in Ghana underperformed because of limited financing, which constrained some small-scale maize and cassava farmers. The purpose of this case study design was to explore the methods that some small-scale maize and cassava farmers in Amankwakrom Subdistrict used in obtaining farm financing. Two themes from the literature review were a lack of collateral for small-scale farm financing and the small-scale farmers cooperative associations? role in farm financing. Regional-scale management sustainability index formed the conceptual framework for this study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews with 8 fluent English speaking small-scale maize and cassava farmers who have obtained farm financing in the previous years. Using the Microsoft Excel and Non-numerical unstructured data indexing and theorizing software program for data analysis method, 3 major themes emerged: the farmer?s membership benefits of working in cooperative associations; farmer?s ability to provide the collateral requirements for the financial institutions; and farmer?s good loan repayment history. The study findings indicated that some small-scale maize and cassava farmers obtained farm loans because they used the cooperative associations as their collateral assets in order to satisfy for the requirements of the financial institutions. Social implications include the potential to guide the small-scale maize and cassava farmers to access farm credits to use in expanding their farm sizes. Expansion in farm sizes may result in more maize and cassava production that can help eliminate hunger and reduce poverty in the Amankwakrom Subdistrict of Ghana.
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Maxfield, Tom. "The short-term stability and function of charcoal in soil and its relevance to Ghanaian subsistence agriculture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25419.
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Maintaining an adequate level of soil organic matter and nutrients cycling is crucial to the success of any soil management in the humid tropics. Cover crops, compost, or manure additions have been used successfully to supply nutrients to crops but the benefits of such amendments are often short-lived in the tropics, since decomposition rates are high. This study focused on charcoal which, when utilised as a soil amendment is termed ‘biochar’. Throughout this thesis, the terms ‘charcoal’ and ‘biochar’ are used interchangeably depending on the context. Charcoal exhibits physiochemical properties potentially suitable for soil improvement as well as for the safe and long-term storage of carbon in the environment. As a way of investigating its recalcitrance as a carbon store, O:C ratios have been shown to reflect the extent of oxidation and therefore decomposition of charcoal. This study aimed to fill a gap in the research by describing the effects of biochar on the water retention capacity of soil under laboratory conditions. It also provides a detailed snapshot of the first ten years of recalcitrance under natural conditions, using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to determine elemental oxygen and carbon ratios of whole charcoal fragments and how these are affected by the surrounding environment over time. Mechanisms of oxidation are described, showing how both biotic and abiotic factors influence the degradation of charcoal in the soil. It also investigated how these properties affect the nutrient and water retention capability of charcoals of different ages in the laboratory. Results of charcoal/soil mixtures showed significant reduction in nitrate leachate losses with no reduction in performance over a ten year period of residing in the soil. It was also shown that charcoal addition to a sandy soil resulted in a significantly increased available water content. Both these results were argued to support the idea that charcoal is of potential beneficial amendment to sandy, degraded soils.
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Benhin, James Kofi Appiah. "The effects of the structural adjustment programme on deforestation in Ghana, with a comparison to Cameroon." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325598.
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Loftus, Molly R. "Coastal Environmental Policies and Water: Environmental Values in Ghana and Senegal." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1082.
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This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the environmental values present in Ghana’s and Senegal’s coastal regions, and the implications that those have for the surrounding environment. The countries approaches to urban farming, mining and oil and gas extraction, fishing, marine debris and municipal waste management are assessed in order to reach a greater understanding of these environmental issues. In undertaking this thesis, I attempted to draw a correlation between the handling of these issues and how people perceive their environment. Through the comparison of environmental degradation and the level of effort to achieve a more sustainable developmental framework in both countries, I draw examples from successes in Senegal’s coastal management framework to recommend appropriate environmental policy for the Greater Accra Region.
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Aheto, Denis Worlanyo. "Implication analysis for biotechnology regulation and management in Africa baseline studies for assessment of potential effects of genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation in Ghanaian agriculture." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99509473X/04.
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Esambe, Lovertte. "The impact of international trade reforms on agricultural exports in Sub-Saharan Africa (Case study: Cameroon, Ghana and Burkina Faso)." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4415.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilSub-Saharan African countries in general with particular reference to Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso depend mostly on agriculture which is seen as the main source of income. Agriculture provides income for a large percentage of the rural population, and employs about 70 per cent of its labour force with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of about 30 per cent. Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso as well as a large majority of African countries depend on subsistence farming and the cultivation of subsistence crops helps provide food and ensures food security for the people. Although they mostly depend on subsistence crops, they also produce primary export crops such as cocoa for Ghana, coffee for Cameroon, and cotton for Burkina Faso which represent a major source of foreign exchange. Due to the significant importance of agriculture in the above countries Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso, gave great importance to agriculture by part taking in international trade negotiations or agreements on agriculture. These countries were involved more vigorously in the Uruguay Round where agricultural products were fully covered by multilateral trade rules for the first time. Farmers from Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso are faced with so many challenges in exporting their agricultural products to world markets despite their participation in the agricultural trade reforms. They have restricted access to rich countries agricultural markets and they also face unfair competition in their own domestic markets from subsidised imports of food staples from wealthy countries. Other challenges such as: trade barriers, inadequate trade infrastructure (logistics and transportation), and inadequate institution serving farmers and agriculture and lack of technology to transform traditional agriculture are also of great importance. With regard to the above challenges faced by Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso this research is to examine or analyse the impacts that international trade reforms have on the agricultural exports focusing on primary products (cash crops), such as cocoa, coffee and cotton which are a major source of export revenue for these countries and the livelihood basis for millions of rural households who grow these crops. The research will also look at the challenges faced by Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso in exporting their agricultural products to developed countries‘ markets despite their participation in the international trade agreements on agriculture. Taking a look at the international trade reforms it can be seen that while the Uruguay Round will have a significant impact on global trade and economic welfare, its effect on the above countries‘ agricultural exports is expected to be much smaller, and if anything maybe negative. Ghana, Cameroon, Burkina Faso and most African countries are likely to gain slightly from tariff cuts and the elimination of non-tariff barriers on manufactured products. These countries will find themselves slightly worse off as a result of cuts to developed countries' subsidies to their agricultural exports, which tends to increase world food prices.
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Pont, Chafer Maria Jose. "We, the People of the Yam : A History of Crops, Labour and Wealth from the Periphery of Ghana." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0056.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'histoire de la production et des marchés de l'igname au Ghana du 20e siècle à nos jours. Elle explore les changements dans l'économie du Ghana du point de vue des marchés domestiques ainsi que les différences et les similitudes entre ces marchés et les marchés internationaux. L'histoire de l'igname offre de nouvelles perspectives sur l'histoire de l'agriculture de l'Afrique de l'Ouest par rapport à l'arrivée de cultures vivrières provenant d'autres continents et sur l'histoire du travail et des migrations par rapport au plus important développement des cultures commerciales du continent : le cacaoThis thesis addresses the history of yam production and markets in Ghana from the 20th century to the present. It explores the changes in the economy of Ghana from the point of view of domestic markets as well as the differences and similitudes between them and the international markets. The history of yams provides new perspectives on the agricultural history of West Africa in relation to the arrival of food crops from other continents and on the history of labour and migrations in relation to the most important cash-crop revolution of the continent: the development of cocoa
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Djabatey, Raphael Lawer. "Space, land-use planning and the household economy, the role of urban agriculture in the Accra metropolitan area, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq35146.pdf.
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Issahaku, Gazali [Verfasser]. "Contribution of Climate-smart Agriculture to Farm Performance, Food and Nutrition Security and Poverty Reduction in Ghana / Gazali Issahaku." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177797925/34.
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Owusu, Kwadwo. "Changing rainfall climatology of West Africa implications for rainfed agriculture in Ghana and water sharing in the Volta basin /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024376.
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Boodhoo-Leegsma, Aissa. "Place, Space & Power: From Under the Baobab Tree to a Fair Trade Co-operative-Women's Experiences in Shea Butter Production in Upper East Ghana." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34447.
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Shea butter production in West Africa has been dominated by women and Northern Ghana specifically is a leading global producer. This thesis explores women’s perceptions of power, control and agency in the Ojoba Women’s Fair Trade Co-operative in Upper East Ghana. I add to the literature on women’s experiences with and in fair trade. I examine how the shea industry and the co-operative provide a marketplace for women and a space for women to co-operate and resist power structures. I emphasize how the Western language of empowerment builds substantially from pre-existing women’s networks and labour sharing practices in the agricultural context. The thesis evaluates the factors within Ojoba that contribute to women’s empowerment. To be ‘empowered’ in Ojoba reflects a variety of understandings, experiences and locations. Indeed “women’s empowerment” may misrepresent how the women are capable of building a physical and social space of safety, debate and growth.
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Acquah, Edward Hans Kofi. "Economic analysis of innovation diffusion processes in agriculture : the case of hybrid cocoa seeds and cocoa spraying chemicals in Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384930.
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Nasser, Felix. "Climate-smart cocoa in Ghana: Examining discourses, trade-offs and implications for cocoa smallholders." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194713.
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Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a concept to address the multiple challenges and interdependencies of agriculture and climate change. Within CSA debates, equity and agroecology are especially contested. In Ghana, the concept of climate-smart cocoa (CSC) has emerged to simultaneously respond to high rates of deforestation, climate change pressures and low productivity of cocoa – Ghana’s principal agricultural export. Since CSC in Ghana is a nascent concept, it has received very little academic or critical appraisal. By applying a meta-discourse framework, this study aimed at gaining insights into local CSC discourses in Ghana and how these reflect global environmental meta-discourses. The adoption of certain discourses can reveal insights into subsequent policies and their implications for already marginalised cocoa smallholders. My findings are based on 37 qualitative interviews with cocoa smallholders, extension officers as well as governmental, non-governmental and private sector representatives of Ghana’s cocoa sector. Overall, my results suggest that an ecological modernisation discourse was the most pronounced meta-discourse reflected within CSC. A sustainable intensification discourse was the most common CSC practice to achieve a win-win between environment and development aspirations. Agroecological practices within CSC were mainly adopted to serve ecological modernisation discourses and are thus diametrically opposed to those promoted by more radical meta-discourses. Issues of contextual equity, especially regarding tree tenure, were ubiquitous, and discussed by a large majority of cocoa stakeholders. I caution that an overly simplistic win-win approach risks side-lining contextual equity issues and complexities regarding shade cover and agrochemical input. Community Resource Management Area Mechanisms (CREMAs) and other local governance mechanisms represent promising ways to balance trade-offs within the dominant CSC discourse by giving cocoa smallholders a stronger voice. However, given the dominance of large agricultural actors – such as foreign chocolate companies – within the current political economy of Ghana’s cocoa sector, this study cautions not to overestimate the potential of these local governance structures.
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Graham, Yao. "Law, state and the internationalisation of agricultural capital in Ghana : a comparison of colonial export production and post-colonial production for the home market." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2310/.
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Law and State, especially forms of landed property and contract, have played an important mediatory role in the internationalisation of agricultural capital in Ghana. The establishment of cocoa production in Ghana in the late nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth century established the predominance of small holder peasant production in Ghanaian agriculture. The production and export of cocoa also established a specific form of internationalisation of agricultural capital in Ghana. This involved the subsumption of peasant commodity producers within the circuit of international capital. Because capital did not directly control production its relations with the peasantry centred around struggles over both the conditions of labour. in the sphere of production and over the realisation of the value of the peasants' product, in the sphere of circulation. These struggles were moulded by legal forms of landed property controlled by the direct producer and the character of the contractual relationship between peasant and the representatives of capital. The transformation induced by cocoa production included changes in forms of landed property, a process in which the colonial state played an important role. These changes have been a significant influence on the subsequent forms of internationalisation of agricultural capital in the post colonial period. The thesis shows through an analysis of the post colonial sugar and oil palm industries the nature of this influence. It also shows ho«- the shift in the proclaimed objectives of the state from the colonial concern with export agriculture to the "nationalist" post colonial goal of seif reliance came to be co-opted by new forms of international capital and the mediatory role of legal forms, especially contract, in this process of co-optation. This work is based mainly on written primary and secondary sources, complemented by intcrviews with some officials of the some of the institutions covered in the thesis. My secondary sources include unpublished essays and thesis, books, articles, reports, studies by companies, government bodies and similar such published material. Most of the primary material used in the parts of the work that deal with the colonial period conic from the British Public Records Office and the Ghana National Archives in Accra. For the post colonial period a substantial part of the primary information was gathered using personal contacts in various state institutions, particularly the Ministry of finance and Economic Planning, the Attorney General Department and the Ghana Investment Centre.
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Hladíková, Lucie. "Úloha Fair Trade v ekonomickém rozvoji Ghany." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10104.
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This thesis is concerned with both positive and negative economic aspects of Fair Trade and addresses the influence of Fair Trade production of cocoa in Ghana on its economic development. The objective is to find out, if Fair Trade is the propriate tool to eradicate poverty in this country.
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Wahaga, Esther. "An exploration of effects of technology transfer on women's participation in agricultural development programmes in two rural communities in Northern Ghana : a case study of cowpea." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57207/.
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This thesis is a product of a case study on how innovation transfer affects women‘s participation in cowpea production in two communities in northern Ghana. The study addresses issues relating to how gender relations modify technological development, impact upon innovation transfer, dissemination and adoption among local farmers and how they affect the inclusion of women in agricultural development programmes. The context of the research is the growing awareness of the importance of involving women in agricultural development programmes. This change has occurred due to the realisation of women‘s key contribution to the agricultural sector and the need to focus technological development on both men and women. The thesis draws upon primary data produced during 12 months fieldwork in northern Ghana. This fieldwork utilised three research tools: interviews, observations and focus group discussions. Data for the interviews was collected by purposive sampling and included 65 male and female cowpea farmers, living in three villages. In addition, seven observations were undertaken in two villages and focusing on their cowpea storage practices. Finally, eight staff from The Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, The Ministry of Food and Agriculture and World Vision Ghana were also interviewed in order to gain the views and perspectives of agricultural development agencies. It is argued here that that gender equality is crucial for effective agricultural development because women are hugely involved in the agricultural sector. It is also argued that if women‘s role in ensuring effective development of cowpea production is not taken into account, the consequences will not only affect the lives of women but will also have negative consequences for the communities in which they live. Debates in technological advancement in the agricultural sector indicate that the participation of farmers in the processes of innovation development and diffusion enhances innovation adoption. The thesis argues that the development of agricultural innovations is not based on a comprehensive analysis of gender roles and as a result does not offer equal opportunities for women and men to participate and benefit. It offers further explanations on how the national agricultural development agencies are working around to actively involve both men and women in the processes of innovation development and transfer. Furthermore, the thesis argues that, notwithstanding farmers‘ interest in new and improved agricultural innovations, they are most likely to incorporate their traditional norms and values when using new or improved agricultural innovations. Thus it offers insights on how new innovations that bear similarities to older ones, are widely adopted.
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Atim, Chris Bukari. "Agrarian change in Africa : a comparative study of the development , issues and problems of export agriculture in Ghana (1890-1980) and Cote -d'Ivoire (1950-1980)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358844.
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Adam, Yahaya. "Évaluation du risque de Trypanosomose Animale au Ghana, et suivi de l’impact de l’intervention d’éradication de la maladie et du vecteur dans la region Ouest du Ghana." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20210/document.
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Les Trypanosomoses Animales Africaines (TAA) sont une contrainte majeure à la viabilité et à la durabilité des systèmes de production de bétail au Ghana. Sous la tutelle de la Campagne Pan-Africaine d'Eradication des Tsé-tsé et des Trypanosomoses (PATTEC), le Ghana collabore avec le Burkina Faso au sein d'un projet sous régional pour créer une zone libérée de glossines à leur frontière commune. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de i) déterminer la situation initiale avant intervention en ce qui concerne le vecteur et la prévalence de la maladie dans la zone de lutte, ii) déterminer la structure des populations de glossines et ses conséquences sur la durabilité des efforts de lutte anti-vectorielle, iii) évaluer l'efficacité de la Pulvérisation Séquentielle d'Aérosols insecticides (SAT) pour contrôler les glossines riveraines et iv) évaluer les risques environnementaux associés à cette stratégie de lutte. Les résultats de l'enquête de base conduite dans la région nord-ouest du Ghana (zone d'étude) ont montré une large distribution de Glossina tachinoides alors que Glossina palpalis gambiensis était limitée à la limite sud de la zone d'étude. La prévalence parasitaire moyenne chez les bovins était de 2.5% (IC 95%: 1.06-5.77) et la prévalence sérologique de 19% (IC: 14.03-25.35). La densité apparente par piège et par jour (DAP) des glossines était de 8.7, 1.9 et 1.3 respectivement le long des rivières Volta noire, Kulpawn et Sissili. Une structuration génétique importante des populations de G. tachinoides a été observée entre sites d'étude d'un même bassin versant et entre bassins versants. Une densité locale de 0.48-0.61 glossines/m² a été inférée, ainsi qu'une distance de dispersion d'environ 11m par génération [IC 9 - 17]. Aucun biais de dispersion sexe-spécifique n'a été détecté. La dispersion observée était suffisante pour qu'une zone libérée de G. tachinoides puisse être ré-envahie par les populations mitoyennes des bassins versants adjacents.L'efficacité de la SAT à éliminer les espèces de glossines riveraines dans une section particulièrement difficile (canopée très dense et fortes densités de glossines) et l'efficacité ultérieure, un an après la SAT, d'une stratégie de lutte intégrée, ont également été testées. Les résultats montrent l'échec de l'éradication, attribué à une pénétration insuffisante des aérosols insecticides dans les galeries forestières denses. Toutefois, le taux de réduction global obtenu par la SAT fut important (98%) et la stratégie intégrée parvint à maintenir un niveau important de suppression des glossines. Enfin, une mesure de l'impact environnemental du projet a montré un impact non significatif de la deltaméthrine en aérosols sur les arthropodes aquatiques et terrestres non-ciblésAfrican animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is a major constraint to viable and sustainable livestock production systems in Ghana. Under the umbrella of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), Ghana is collaborating with Burkina Faso in a sub-regional initiative aiming at creating tsetse-free areas across their common borders. The objective of this thesis was to conduct research to guide project implementation and specifically seeks to i) determine the pre-intervention vector and disease situation of the intervention area, ii) determine tsetse population structuring and the consequences on sustainable tsetse control efforts, iii) evaluate SAT for the control of riverine tsetse species in Ghana and iv) evaluate the environmental risk of the intervention programmes. Results of a baseline survey conducted in the Upper West Region (study area) indicated a wide-spread prevalence of Glossina tachinoides but Glossina palpalis gambiensis was limited to the southern edge of the study area. Average parasitological prevalence in cattle was estimated at 2.5% (95% CI: 1.06–5.77) and serological prevalence measured at 19% (95% CI: 14.03–25.35). The mean Index of Apparent Abundance (IAA) of tsetse was 8.7, 1.9 and 1.3 for samples taken along the Black Volta, Kulpawn and Sissili Rivers, respectively. Investigations of the G. tachinoides populations confirmed significant structuring within and between the three main river-basins of the study area, and indicated a local density of 0.48-0.61 flies/m² and dispersal distance that approximated 11 m per generation [CI 9 - 17]. No significant sex-biased dispersal was detected. However, the observed dispersal was deemed sufficient for a G. tachinoides-cleared area to be reinvaded from neighbouring populations in adjacent river basins. The potential of Sequential Aerosol Technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy, one year after the SAT operations, were also investigated. Results indicated failure to achieve elimination, attributed to insufficient penetration of insecticide aerosols in thick riverine forest galleries. However the overall reduction rate due to SAT was important (98%) and the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of tsetse suppression. Finally an environmental impact assessment revealed no significant impact of deltamethrin aerosols on non-targeted aquatic and terrestrial arthropods
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Fouda-Onambele, Paul. "Information et communication de la FAO en matière d'agriculture en Afrique Occidentale : cas du Bénin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigéria, Togo." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30057.
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En afrique de l'ouest, les pays du golfe du benin (ghana-nigeria-benin-cote d'ivoire-togo) abritent des peuples semblables aux civilisations identiques vivant les memes problemes. Pour tous ces pays, l'activite economique principale et de base est l'agriculture. Mais depuis leur accession a l'independance, ces pays ont ete victimes d'une politique de developpement inadequate releguant l'agriculture au second plan. Par consequent, l'agriculture a connu dans ces pays un declin catastrophique. La production agricole n'augmente pas aussi vite que l'accroissement demographique (2% contre 3,2%). Il en resulte un deficit alimentaire chronique et un etat de pauvrete et de misere. Les nouvelles strategies de developpement agricole dans cette sous-region africaine passent tout d'abord par l'information qui est une ressource de premiere necessite. Par ailleurs, l'ere de democratisation en cours dans ces pays favorise l'emergence et le developpement des medias, qui constituent un moyen efficace, et puissant pour atteindre les populations, en l'occurrence le monde rural. Consciente de ces realites, la fao qui est une source fiable d'informations, coopere etroitement avec les medias afin de mettre l'information et la communication au service des peuples pour un developpement agricole durable et une alimentation saine et nutritiveIn west africa, the peoples living in the countries of benin gulf (ghana-nigeria benin-cote d'ivoire-togo) are alike, sharing the same civilizations and facing the same problems. All of those countries have agriculture as the main and fundamental economic activity. Since independence, they have been victims of an inadequate political development which made agriculture play a secondary role. As a result, the agricultural production has declined seriously. It's rate of increase is less than that of the population growth (2% against 3,2%). From this, it resulted a chronic food shortage, misery and poverty. In that situation, the new agricultural development strategies are carried on at first, by information which is a prime necessity resource. So far, the democratization process in progress in those countries enhance an emergence and the development of media which are a powerful and an efficient means to reach the peoples, mostly those living in the rural areas. Being aware of those realities, fao as a reliable source of information, cooperates tightly with the media in order to put information and communication in the service of the peoples for a sustainable agricultural development, a healthy and nutritive feeding
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Faure, Armelle. "L'appropriation de l'espace foncier : une étude d'anthropologie sociale en région Bissa (Burkina Faso)." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0019.
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La these comporte trois volets : une introduction historique, qui situe les bissa et leur passe dans l'evolution generale de la region; une monographie du pays bissa; la troisieme partie est consacree aux enjeux fonciers. L'analyse ethnographique, de type classique, s'articule autour des representations de l'espace, de l'organisation politique et sociale des bissa, et des questions de definition et de gestion des terroirs. La perspective de cette etude est de presenter en termes socio-anthropologiques les problemes d'amenagement et de developpement de la region centre-est du burkina faso. Les enjeux fonciers font intervenir des acteurs motives par des logiques variees ; la description d'evenements observes pendant la periode dite "revolutionnaire" (depuis 1983) met en lumiere les crises sociales engendrees par la question agraire : introduction de nouvelles techniques, arrivee de cultivateurs et d'eleveurs migrants, tentative de monetarisation de la terre par les commercants. Le processus de resolution des crises villageoises montre l'importance de l'ideologie du "monde des genies" dans cette societe autochtone : les "maitres des genies" jouent un role politique et social non negligeable, que l'on peut evaluer a partir d'enquetes aupres des chasseurs et pecheurs, des forgerons et des devins.
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Thorn, Jessica Paula Rose. "Ecosystem services, biodiversity and human wellbeing along climatic gradients in smallholder agro-ecosystems in the Terai Plains of Nepal and northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3319dafc-5b0c-436a-b653-a623fc3e8de4.
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Increasingly unpredictable, extreme and erratic rainfall with higher temperatures threatens to undermine the adaptive capacity of food systems and ecological resilience of smallholder landscapes. Despite growing concern, land managers still lack quantitative techniques to collect empirical data about the potential impact of climatic variability and change. This thesis aims to assess how ecosystem services and function and how this links with biodiversity and human wellbeing in smallholder agro-ecosystems in a changing climate. To this end, rather than relying on scenarios or probabilistic modelling, space was used as a proxy for time to compare states in disparate climatic conditions. Furthermore, an integrated methodological framework to assess ecosystem services at the field and landscape level was developed and operationalised, the results of which can be modelled with measures of wellbeing. Various multidisciplinary analytical tools were utilised, including ecological and socio-economic surveys, biological assessments, participatory open enquiry, and documenting ethnobotanical knowledge. The study was located within monsoon rice farms in the Terai Plains of Nepal, and dry season vegetable farms in Northern Ghana. Sites were selected that are climatically and culturally diverse to enable comparative analysis, with application to broad areas of adaptive planning. The linkages that bring about biophysical and human changes are complex and operate through social, political, economic and demographic drivers, making attribution extremely challenging. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that within hotter and drier conditions in Ghana long-tongued pollinators and granivores, important for decomposition processes and pollination services, are more abundant in farms. Results further indicated that in cooler and drier conditions in Nepal, the taxonomic diversity of indigenous and close relative plant species growing in and around farms, important for the provisioning of ecosystem services, decreases. All other things equal, in both Nepal and Ghana findings indicate that overall human wellbeing may be adversely effected in hotter conditions, with a potentially significantly lower yields, fewer months of the year in which food is available, higher exposure to natural hazards and crop loss, unemployment, and psychological anxiety. Yet, surveys indicate smallholders continue to maintain a fair diversity of species in and around farms, which may allow them to secure basic necessities from provisioning ecosystem services. Moreover, farmers may employ adaptive strategies such as pooling labour and food sharing more frequently, and may have greater access to communication, technology, and infrastructure. Novel methodological and empirical contributions of this research offer predictive insights that could inform innovations in climate-smart agricultural practice and planning.
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Hazard, Benoit. "L' aventure des Bisa dans les ghettos de "l'Or rouge" (Burkina Faso-Italie) : trajectoire historique et recomposition des réseaux migratoires burkinabe dans la région des Pouilles." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0296.
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Cette thèse décrit l'organisation de réseaux migratoires reliant la province du Boulgou (Burkina Faso) à l'Italie et s'attache à cerner une "culture migrante" en discutant, tour à tour, le cadre des études transnationales et les méthodes d'analyse des réseaux. A partir d'une enquête multi-située, elle révèle le redéploiement inédit d'une migration circulaire dans le cadre d'une transmigration initiée depuis la Côte d'Ivoire et dessine la trajectoire d'une société locale dans le champ migratoire burkinabé en Italie. Pour approcher les espaces sociaux de cette circulation, l'accent est mis sur les campements de journaliers agricoles liés à la récolte de tomates et situés dans la région des Pouilles. Figurant les emplacements d'une diaspora africaine forgée sur une communauté d'expérience, ces "ghettos" s'organisent autour de solidarités intermédiaires, comme celle des "caponeri", qui interrogent la capacité des immigrants à produire du lien social dans un contexte maffieuxThis thesis describes the organization of migratory networks connecting the province of Boulgou (Burkina Faso) to Italy. Regarding the interactions between a local context, "bisaku", and the social group of "the sons of Italy", it questions a "travelling culture" by discussing, alternately, a framework proposed by the transnational studies and the network's analysis. Anchored on a multi-sited ethnography, it brings to light the redeployment of a circular migration within the frame of a transmigration operated from Ivory Coast towards Italy. This process leads to describe a local society through its multiple locations and more precisely through places representing an African Diaspora that the Burkinabé name as "ghetto". Altough Bisa perceives these camps of agricultural labourers as "etnoscape", the Mafia practices observed in the fields of tomatoes of the region of Pouilles, as that of the "caponeri" show that the agency of African do not resist to the orders of the local context
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Braimah, Imoro. "The implications of income generation for agricultural higher education in Ghana /." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008954428&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Akoto, O. A. "Public policy and agricultural development in Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355243.
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